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Factsheet the Olympic Torch Relay Update – June 2014

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Factsheet the Olympic Torch Relay Update – June 2014 FACTSHEET THE OLYMPIC TORCH RELAY UPDATE – JUNE 2014 ORIGINS AND VALUES HISTORY OF THE FIRST The Ancient Greeks considered fire to be a TORCH RELAYS – SUMMER divine element, and they maintained perpetual AND WINTER fires in front of their principal temples. This was the case in the sanctuary of Olympia, where the The Olympic flame is the flame which is kindled Ancient Olympic Games took place. The flame in Olympia under the authority of the IOC was lit using the rays of the sun, to ensure its (Olympic Charter, Rule 13). Although a symbolic purity, and a skaphia, the ancestor of the fire had already been used as early as the 1928 parabolic mirror used today for lighting the Games in Amsterdam, the Olympic flame’s Olympic flame. A flame burned permanently on modern history begins with a proposal by Carl the altar of the goddess Hestia, and such fires Diem, Secretary General of the Organising were also lit on the altars of Zeus and Hera, in Committee of the Games of the XI Olympiad. front of whose temple the Olympic flame is lit Inspired by torch races that were held in ancient today. Greek times, Diem suggested that for the 1936 Summer Games a Flame be lit in Olympia and Today, the purity of the flame is guaranteed by transported to Berlin for what would be the first the way it is lit using the sun’s rays. The choice Olympic torch relay. It marked the start of what of Olympia as a departure point emphasises the is now an Olympic tradition. link between the Ancient and Modern Games and underlines the profound connection Over the years, torches used to carry the Flame between these two events. have been created for each celebration of the Games and the Torch relays that have brought it from Olympia to an Olympic host city have CEREMONIALS become one of the most symbolic events A relay precedes the arrival of the flame at its associated with the Games. final destination: the Olympic stadium in the host city of the Olympic Games. The Organising OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES Committee of the Olympic Games is responsible In the case of the Olympic Winter Games the for bringing the Olympic flame to the Olympic Olympic flame has a slightly different historical stadium (Olympic Charter, Rule 54). When the timeline. Similar to the Summer Games it was a flame finally arrives at its destination, the final symbolic fire that was first used at the 1936 torchbearer(s) run into the stadium to light the Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Olympic cauldron with the flame, which remains In the context of the Winter Games, the first lit for the duration of the Games and is relay took place during the Olympic Winter extinguished only at the Closing Ceremony of Games in 1952 in Oslo. This first relay did not the Games. start in Olympia, Greece, but in the valley of Morgedal in Norway. The region, considered as Like the messengers who proclaimed the sacred the birthplace of skiing, was chosen as a Olympic truce, the runners who carry the reminder of the origins of this sport. The flame Olympic flame carry a message of peace on was lit in the hearth of the chalet belonging to their journey. Sondre Norheim, a legendary figure in Norwegian skiing. Page 1/8 At the Winter Games in Cortina d’Ampezzo in THEMATIC ROUTES – SOME 1956, the flame was lit in front of the Capitole in EXAMPLES Rome, as the city had been elected host of the The relay of peace – London 1948 Games of the XVII Olympiad. The tripod used In a Europe sorely afflicted by the war, the 1948 for the ceremony was sent from Olympia. At the relay carried a welcome message of peace. The Winter Games in Squaw Valley in 1960, the first runner, Corporal Dimitrelis, took off his flame was once again lit in Norway, at Sondre military uniform before carrying the flame, Norheim’s chalet. The inscription on the torch commemorating the sacred truce observed in “Olympia to Squaw Valley” is a reference to an Ancient Greece. The planned route highlighted attempt to start the relay in Olympia, which did border crossings, where festivities were not succeed as the time period was too organised to celebrate the return of peace. In restricted. Since the Innsbruck Games in 1964, homage to the restorer of the Olympic Games, the relay for the Winter Games has begun in the relay passed through Lausanne, Switzerland Olympia. and a ceremony was organised at Pierre de Coubertin’s tomb in the Bois-de-Vaux cemetery. ITINERARY OF THE RELAY - BASIC ROUTE The ancient Relay – Rome 1960 Choosing a route for a relay is not as easy as The relay shone the spotlight on the two poles drawing a straight line between Olympia and the of classical civilisation: Athens and Rome. Olympic stadium of the host city of the Games! Lesser-known ancient sites in Greece and Italy Each relay has its own “flavour” and enables were thus brought to the public’s attention. For people from all over the world to discover the the first time, the relay was televised and the history and culture of the host city and country. event closely followed by the media. From Olympia to Athens … the organisation of The relay to the New World – Mexico City the lighting of the flame in Olympia is always 1968 handled by the Hellenic Olympic Committee The relay retraced the steps of Christopher (HOC). This Committee also organises the Columbus to the New World. The idea was to transport of the flame by runners to Athens or, underline the link between Mediterranean and more precisely, to the ancient Panathinaiko Latin-American civilisations and between stadium which was used for the 1896 Games. ancient (Greco-Latin) and Pre-Hispanic civilisations. A direct descendant of the great From Athens to the host city… the rest of the navigator, Cristóbal Colón de Carbajal, was the relay to the host city of the Games is handled by last runner on Spanish soil. The Olympic flame the relevant Olympic Games Organising made a stop at the Great Pyramid of the Moon Committee (OCOG). The Committee chooses in Teotihuacan. A “New Fire” ceremony was the theme and vision of the relay, which helps organised which, in the Aztec tradition, was them determine the cities towns, regions and celebrated to mark the end of a 52-year cycle. monuments to be visited and the different The reappearance of the sun at dawn modes of transport. The following are some symbolised the renewal of the world. examples of themes which have influenced the itineraries of the flame. The Korean relay “Harmony and progress”– Seoul 1988 The Olympic Torch Relay/ 16 June 2014 Page 2/8 The relay showcased the traditions of Korea. Its Although at the beginning, runners were mainly route, which was a zigzag from east to west, selected from amongst athletes, gradually the symbolised the harmony to be found in the general public began to participate as well. As balance between two opposite poles. Some of the celebration of the Olympic Games has the torchbearers did not wear the official uniform evolved, so has the Olympic torch relay. The provided by the Games Organising Committee, modes of transport have slowly become more but instead wore regional or traditional and more diversified, not only for practical costumes. reasons, but also to showcase the particularities of the regions crossed. The “Down Under” relay – Sydney 2000 The relay had a twofold goal: to situate Australia The flame in the snow! Legendary Norwegian within Oceania and to promote the culture and skiers (or their descendants) carried out the heritage of the different regions in the country. entirety of the transport of the flame (Oslo The Torch relay visited 12 Oceanic countries 1952). The flame went into the Arctic Circle at before it arrived in Australia. The start of the Inuvik, with stages carried out by snow-bike and relay on the Australian continent was in the “red skidoo (Calgary 1988), also it has visited Alert, centre” at Uluru (Ayer’s Rock), a sacred site for the northernmost permanently inhabited the indigenous population. The Aboriginal community in the world (Vancouver 2010), and athlete Nova Peris-Kneebone, Olympic field has been to the North Pole (Sochi 2014). hockey champion, was the first runner in the relay. The enthusiasm of the crowd along the The flame in the water, on the water and relay route grew bigger and bigger. One million under water! In the sea off Veracruz, Mexico, spectators welcomed the arrival of the flame in swimmers carried the flame from the boat Sydney. In a ceremony which recalled the Durango to the shore (Mexico 1968). A diver elements used in the design of the torch (fire, swam across the port of Marseilles holding the water, earth), Cathy Freeman “walked on water” flame out of the water (Grenoble 1968). The before lighting a circle of fire which revealed flame travelled on the frigate Cataluña for the itself to be the monumental cauldron. passage between Greece and Spain and arrived on Spanish soil in Empuries, the gateway to “Moment to shine” – London 2012 Greek civilisation on the Iberian peninsula (circa The London 2012 Olympic Torch Relay set out 600 B.C.) (Barcelona 1992). A diver even to showcase and shine a light on the best that carried the flame under water at the Great Great Britain has to offer culturally, Barrier Reef (Sydney 2000). In Venise, a geographically, and from a human standpoint. Gondola was used to cross the Canal Grande Indeed, the torchbearers for the relay were (Torino 2006) and for the 2010 relay, the flame selected based on their contribution to society.
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