Arnold toynbee books pdf

Continue About the author: William H. McNeil is Professor emeritus of history at the University of Chicago. In the past, he was president of the American Historical Association, a member of the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and an honorary member of the Royal Historical Society. He is the author of several books, including World History, The Form of European History and the Rise of the West, awarded the National Book Award. was born on April 14, 1889, in London, . He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and attended the British School in Athens for a time. He served in the British Foreign Office during both world wars and was a delegate to the 1919 Paris Peace Congress. From 1925 to 1955, he served as Director of Research at the Royal Institute of International Affairs and was Professor of History at the University of London around the same time. His publications include the Western issue in Greece and Turkey, Civilization on the Court, East to West: A Journey Around the World, a 12-volume study of history and Hellenism: The History of Civilization. He died on October 22, 1975. This article is about the universal historian Arnold . For his uncle, an economic historian, to see Arnold Toynbee. British historian Arnold J. ToynbeeCH FBABornArnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-04-14)April 14, 1889London, EnglandDied22 October 1975 (1975-10-22) (age 86)York, EnglandNationalityBritishOcistorianHistorianKistonown forUniversal HistorySpouse (s)Rosalind Murray (m. 1913; div. 1946) Veronica M. Bolter (m. 1946) ChildrenAntony ToynbeePhilip ToynbeeLawrence ToynbeeRelativesArnold Toynbee (Uncle) Jocelyn Toynbee (sister) Academic vonAlma MaterBalliol College, Oxford Academic workInstitutionsBalliol College, OxfordKing's College, LondonLondon School of EconomicsRoyal Institute of International Affairs 14 Aparle ˈtɔɪnbi I 1889 - 22 October 1975 - British historian , a history philosopher, author of numerous books, professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King's College London. Toynbee was a leading expert on international affairs between 1918 and 1950. He is best known for its 12th History Study (1934-1961). With his vast output of works, articles, speeches and presentations, as well as numerous books translated into many languages, Toynbee was widely read and discussed by scholars in the 1940s and 1950s. However, by the 1960s his magnum opus had fallen mute among mainstream historians and its vast readership had disappeared. Toynbee Biography (born 14 April 1889 in London) is the son of Harry Valpi Toynbee (1861-1941), secretary of the Society of Charities, and his wife Sarah. Marshall (1859-1939); his sister, Jocelyn Toynbee, was an archaeologist and art historian. Toynbee was the grandson of Joseph Toynbee, nephew of 19th-century economist Arnold Toynbee (1852-1883) and a descendant of prominent British intellectuals for generations. He received scholarships at Winchester College and Balliol College, Oxford (Literae Humaniores, 1907-1911), and studied for some time at the British School in Athens, which influenced the genesis of his philosophy of the decline of civilizations. In 1912 he became a lecturer and fellow in ancient history at Balliol College, and in 1915 began working in the intelligence department of the British Foreign Office. After serving as a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, he served as a professor of Byzantine and modern Greek at the University of London. It was here that Toynbee was appointed to the Department of Contemporary Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature at King's College, although he eventually resigned after a contentious academic dispute with a college professor. From 1921 to 1922, he was a correspondent for the Manchester Guardian during the Greek-Turkish War, leading to the publication of the Western Issue in Greece and Turkey. In 1925 he became Professor of International History at the London School of Economics and Director of Research at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London. In 1937 he was elected a member of the British Academy (FBA), the National Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences of the United Kingdom. His first marriage was to Rosalind Murray (1890-1967), daughter of , in 1913; they had three sons, of whom was the second. They divorced in 1946; In the same year, Toynbee married his assistant Veronica M. Bolter (1893-1980). He died on 22 October 1975 at the age of 86. Views on the peaceful settlement after and the geopolitical situation of Toynbee approved the holding of a plebiscite in Mazuri after the end of World War I, as it did in 1920. Despite the Polish majority in its parts, Toynbee opposed the separation of West Prussia from Germany in a peaceful settlement after World War I. In his 1915 book Nationality and War, Toynbee advocated the creation of a post-World War I peace settlement based on the principle of nationality. In Chapter IV of his 1916 book New Europe: Essays in Reconstruction, Toynbee criticized the concept of natural . In particular, Toynbee criticized the concept as an excuse to start additional wars so that countries could reach their natural borders. Toynbee also noted that once a country reaches one set of natural boundaries, it may subsequently seek to achieve another, further set of natural boundaries; For example, the established The natural on the Voges Mountains in 1871, but during World War I, some Germans began to advocate for even more western natural borders - particularly those that stretch to Calais and the English Channel - conveniently justifying Germany's continued retention of those Belgian and French territories that Germany had just conquered during World War I. , Toynbee proposes to make free trade, partnership and cooperation between different countries with interconnected economies much easier, so that there would be less need for countries to expand even further - whether their natural borders or otherwise. In addition, Toynbee advocated that national borders should be based more on the principle of national self-determination, as in which the country in which people actually wanted to live in a particular area or territory (this principle is in fact indeed sometimes (albeit inconsistently) followed in the post-war peace settlement with the various plebiscites that were held twenty years after the end of the First World War. , Upper Silesia, Mazuria, Sopron, Carinthia and Saarland - in order to determine the future sovereignty and destiny of these territories. In Nationality and War, Toynbee offered various complex proposals and projections for the future of various countries, both European and non-European. With regard to the dispute between and Germany between France and Germany, Toynbee proposed a series of plebiscites to determine its future fate - with the vote of Alsace as a single unit in the plebiscite because of its interconnected nature. Toynbee also proposed holding a plebiscite in Schleswig-Holstein to determine his future fate, and he argued that the linguistic line could make there a better new German-Danish border (indeed, the final plebiscite was held in Schleswig in 1920). As for Poland, Toynbee advocated the creation of an autonomous Poland under Russian rule (in particular, Poland in federal relations with Russia and which has a degree of home rule and autonomy, which is at least comparable to the Austrian Poles), which would put Russian, German and Austrian Poles under the same sovereignty and government. Toynbee argued that Polish unity would not be possible in the event of an Austro-German victory in World War I, as the victorious Germany did not want to transfer its own Polish territories (which it considers strategically important and still hopes for Germanization) to an autonomous or recently independent Poland. Toynbee also proposed giving most of Upper Silesia, The Province of Posen and Western Galicia to this autonomous Poland and proposed holding a plebiscite in Mazuri (as it did in 1920 with the Masurian plebiscite), allowing Germany to all of West Prussia, including the Polish parts, which later became known as the Polish Corridor (while, of course, makes Danzig a free city that autonomous Poland will be allowed to use). As for Austria-Hungary, Toynbee suggested Austria to give Galicia to Russia and the expanded autonomous Russian Poland, to give Transylvania and Bukovina to Romania, to abandon Trentino (but not Trieste or Southern Tyrol) of Italy and to abandon Bosnia, Croatia and Slovenia, so that new independent states could be formed there. Toynbee also advocated allowing Austria to keep the Czech Republic because of the strategic location of its Sudenet mountain range and allow Hungary to keep Slovakia. Toynbee also advocated the division of Bessarabia between Russia and Romania, with Russia holding Budjak while Romania acquired the rest of Bessarabia. Toynbee argued that Romania's acquisition of Budjac would be pointless because of its non-Kuril population and because it did not provide much value to Romania; however, Toynbee approved the Romanian use of the Russian port of Odessa, which will see its trade traffic double in such a scenario. As for Ukraine, or Small Russia, Toynbee rejected both the home rule and the federal decision for Ukraine. Toynbee's objection to the federal decision stems from his fears that a federal Russia would be too divided to have a unifying center of gravity, and thus be threatened by fragmentation and disintegration just as the United States had previously done for some time during its own civil war. Instead of autonomy, Toynbee proposed to make the Ukrainian language a soo official in the Great Russian parts of the Russian Empire, so that Ukrainians (or small Russians) could become members of the Russian policy body, as peers of the great Russians, and not as the lower great Russians. Toynbee also argued that if the Ukrainian language could not become competitive with Russian, even if the Ukrainian language gained official status in Russia, it would once and for all prove the superiority of the Russian language (which, according to Toynbee, was used to write great literature, while the Ukrainian language was used only for writing peasant ballads). As for the future Russian expansion, Toynbee endorsed Russia's conquest of Outer Mongolia and the Tarim Basin, arguing that Russia could improve and revitalize these territories in the same way that the United States did for the Mexican territories of Sesion (in particular, Nuevo Mexico and Alta California) when it conquered these territories from Mexico during the Mexican-American War back in 1847 (a conquest that, as Toinby noted, was widely uninhibited. but which eventually came to be seen as step on the part of the United States). In his book, Toynbee also endorsed the idea of Both Pontus and the Armenian Vilayan of the Ottoman Empire. Moreover, in the event of renewed unrest and unrest in Afghanistan (which Toynbee viewed only as a matter of time), Toynbee advocated the division of Afghanistan between Russia and British India around the Hindu Kush path. The partition of Afghanistan in this direction will result in the Afghan Turkestan being merged with Russia's Central Asia and the Afghan Pashtuns fighting the Pakistani Pashtuns in British India. Toynbee viewed the Hindu Kush as an ideal and impenetrable border between Russia and British India that would be impossible for either side, and that would be great to provide security (and protection from aggression on the other side) for both sides. The academic and cultural influence of somerwell on the fact that on March 17, 1947, Michael Lang said that for most of the twentieth century Toynbee was perhaps the most read, translated and discussed living scientist in the world. Its output was huge, with hundreds of books, brochures and articles. Of these, the scores were translated into thirty different languages.... The critical reaction to Toynbee represents a true midcentury intellectual story: we find a long list of the most important historians of the period, Beard, Braudel, Collingwood, and so on. In his most famous work, The Study of History, published 1934-1961, Toynbee ... Having studied the rise and fall of 26 civilizations in human history, he came to the conclusion that they had grown to successfully respond to challenges led by creative minorities made up of elite leaders. The study of history was a commercial and academic phenomenon. In the United States alone, more than seven thousand sets of ten-volume editions had been sold by 1955. Most people, including scientists, relied on a very clear one-volume reduction in the first six volumes of Somerwell, which appeared in 1947; The cut has sold more than 300,000 copies in the U.S. The press has published countless discussions of Toynbee's work, not to mention countless lectures and seminars. Toynbee himself was often involved. He appeared on the cover of Time magazine in 1947, with an article describing his work as the most provocative work of historical theory written in England since the capital of Karl Marx, and was a regular commentator on the BBC (exploring the history and causes of the current east-west hostility, and examining how non-Western people view the Western world). Canadian historians were particularly receptive to Toynbee's work in the late 1940s. A notable example was canadian economics historian Harold Adams Innis (1894- 1952). Following Toynbee and others (Spengler, Krober, Cochrane), Innis considered the heyday of civilizations in terms of empires and communications. Toynbee's general theory was taken by some scholars, such as Ernst Robert Kurtius, as a kind of paradigm in the post-war period. Curtius wrote as follows on the front pages of European literature and the Latin (1953 English translation), after closing on Toynbee as he lays the groundwork for his extensive study of medieval Latin literature. Curtius wrote: How do cultures and historical entities that are their media, emerge, grow and disintegrate? Only comparative morphology with precise procedures can hope to answer these questions. It was Arnold J. Toynbee who took on the task. After 1960, Toynbee's ideas disappeared in both academia and the media, to the point that they are rarely quoted today. In general, historians have pointed out that he prefers myths, allegories and religion rather than evidence. His critics argued that his conclusions were more those of a Christian moralist than a historian. In his 2011 article in the Journal of History, titled Globalization and Global History in Toynbee, Michael Lang wrote: For many world historians today, Arnold Toynbee is considered an awkward uncle at a house party. He gets the necessary introduction by virtue of his place on the dashing tree, but it is quickly passed on to other friends and relatives. However, his work continued to be referenced by some classical historians because his training and the most faithful contact in the world of classical antiquity. Its roots in classical literature also show a similarity between his approach and that of classical historians such as Herodotus and Thucydides. The comparative history by which his approach is often classified has been in decline. Political influence in Toynbee's foreign policy initially sympathized with Adolf Hitler's foreign policy goals. Toynbee discussed Jewish rights to Palestine with Jacob Herzog in 1961. Toynbee discussed the dangers of nuclear weapons and nuclear war with Daisaku Ikeda in the early 1970s. While the study writing is all, Toynbee produced numerous smaller jobs and served as Director of Foreign Studies of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (1939-43) and Director of the Foreign Office Research Department (1943-46); he also retained his position at the London School of Economics until his retirement in 1956. Toynbee worked in the Political Intelligence Department of the British Foreign Office during World War I and was a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He was Director of Research at Chatham House, Balliol College, University of Oxford, 1924-43. Chatham House conducted a study for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs an important intellectual resource during the Second World War, when it was transferred to London. Together with his research fellow Veronica M. Bolter Toynbee was co-editor of the annual RIIA study on international affairs, which became a bible for international specialists in the UK. During a meeting with Adolf Hitler during a visit to Berlin in 1936 to address the Nazi Law Society, Toynbee was invited to a private interview with Adolf Hitler at Hitler's request. During the interview, which took place the day before Toynbee gave a lecture, Hitler emphasized his limited expansionist goal of building a large German nation, as well as his desire for British understanding and cooperation. He also suggested that Germany could become a Uk ally in the Asia-Pacific region if Germany reinstated its colonies. Toynbee believed that Hitler was sincere, and supported Hitler's message in a confidential memorandum to the British Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. Toynbee's lecture, which was delivered in English but copies of which were distributed in German in advance by officials, was warmly received by his Berlin audience, who appreciated his conciliatory tone. Tracey Phillips, a British diplomat who was in Berlin at the time, later told Toynbee that it was about wanting to be discussed everywhere. Back home, some of Toynbee's colleagues were dismayed by his attempts to govern Anglo-German relations. Toynbee's Russia was concerned about the Russian revolution, as he saw Russia as a non-Western society, but a revolution as a threat to Western society. In 1952, however, he claimed that the Soviet Union had been the victim of Western aggression. He portrayed the Cold War as a religious contest that contrasted Marxist materialist heresy with the spiritual Christian heritage of the West, which had already been foolishly rejected by the secularized West. A heated debate ensued, and an editorial in The Times quickly attacked Toynbee for treating communism as a spiritual force. Greece and the Middle East toybby were the leading analysts of developments in the Middle East. His support for Greece and hostility to the Turks during World War I received his appointment at the Coraes Department of Modern Greek and Byzantine History at King's College, University of London. After the war, however, he changed his pro-Turkish stance, accusing the Greek government in occupied Turkish territory of atrocities and mass killings. This brought him the enmity of the wealthy Greeks who gave the pulpit, and in 1924 he was forced to resign. His position during the First World War reflected less sympathy for the Arab cause and took a pro-zionist view. He also expressed support for the Jewish state in Palestine, in his opinion, he began to restore his ancient prosperity. Toynbee explored zionism in 1915 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in 1917 he published a memorandum with his colleague Lewis Namier, who supported exclusive Jewish political rights in Palestine. In 1922, however, he was influenced by a Palestinian Arab delegation that was visiting London, and he began to accept their views. His subsequent writings reveal his changing view of the subject, and by the late 1940s he had moved away from the zionist cause and towards the Arab camp. Toynbee's views in the 1950s continued to oppose the formation of a Jewish state, in part because of his fears that it would increase the risk of nuclear confrontation. However, as a result of toynbee's january 1961 debate with Israeli Ambassador to Canada, Yaakov Herzoo Toynbee softened his view and called on Israel to fulfill its special mission to contribute to the worldwide efforts to prevent the outbreak of nuclear war. In his article Jewish Rights in Palestine, he challenged the views of the editor of the Jewish quarterly review, historian and talumdic Solomon Seitlin, who published his rebuke: Jewish rights in Eets Israel (Palestine) in the same issue. Toynbee argued, among other allegations, that the Jewish people have neither historical nor legal claims to Palestine, stating that Arab human rights to their homes and property are redirected to all other rights where the claims contradict each other. He acknowledged that Jews, as the only surviving representatives of any pre-Arab population of Palestine, had another requirement for a national home in Palestine. However, that assertion, in his view, was only justified if it could be carried out without compromising the rights and legitimate interests of the indigenous Arab population of Palestine. In 1972, Toynbee met with Daisaku Ikeda, President of Soka Gakkai International (SGI), who condemned the demonic nature of the use of nuclear weapons under all circumstances. Toynbee believes that the atomic bomb is an invention that has escalated the war on a political scale to catastrophic proportions and threatened the very existence of mankind. In his dialogue with Ikeda Toynbee, he stated that he was concerned that humanity would not be able to strengthen ethical behaviour and achieve self-affirmation, despite the widespread realization that the price of failure to respond to the moral challenges of the atomic age could be the self-destruction of our species. They first met on 5 May 1972 in London. In May 1973, Ikeda flew back to London to meet Toynbee for 40 hours for 10 days. The culmination of their dialogue and current correspondence was the publication of the book Choose Life, which highlighted their views on the most important issues facing humanity. To date, the book has been published in 24 languages. Toynbee also wrote the foreword The English edition of Ikeda's famous book The Human Revolution, which has sold more than 7 million copies worldwide. The exhibition, dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the first meeting of Toynbee and Ikeda, was presented at SGI centers around the world in 2005, demonstrating the content of the dialogues between them, as well as Ikeda's discussions about the world with more than 1,500 world scientists, intellects and activists. Original letters exchanged between Toynbee and Ikeda were also shown. In 1984, his granddaughter wrote a critical article for The Guardian about a meeting with Daisaku Ikeda. Challenge and response with civilizations as units defined, it presented the history of each in terms of call and response, sometimes called the theory of the law of call and response. Civilizations have emerged in response to a number of problems of extreme hardship, with creative minorities developed solutions that have reoriented their entire society. The problems and responses were physical, as was the last time the Sumerians used the intractable marshes of southern Iraq, organizing Neolithic people into a society capable of carrying out large-scale irrigation projects; or social, as when the Catholic Church allowed the chaos of post-Roman Europe by enrolling new German kingdoms into a single religious community. When civilization responded to challenges, it grew. Civilizations disintegrated when their leaders ceased to react creatively, and civilizations then sank because of , militarism and the tyranny of the despotic minority. According to an editor's note in the Toynbee History Study version, Toynbee believed that societies always die from suicide or murder rather than from natural causes, and almost always from suicide. He sees the rise and decline of civilizations as a spiritual process, writing that man achieves civilization not as a result of higher biological endowment or geographical environment, but as a response to a challenge in a situation of particular difficulty that prompts him to make an unprecedented effort so far. Named after Arnold Toynbee, the Toynbee Prize Foundation was chartered in 1987 to promote the development of social sciences defined from a broad historical perspective of human society and human and social issues. In addition to awarding the Toynbee Prize, the Foundation sponsors scientific engagement with world history through sponsorship sessions at the annual meeting of the American Historical Association, international conferences, New Global Studies and the Global History Forum. The Toynbee Prize is an honorary award awarded to social scientists for their significant academic and social contributions to humanity. It is currently awarded every two years for work contribute to the study of world history. The recipients were Raymond Aron, Lord Kenneth Clarke, Sir Ralph Dahrendorf, Natalie Semon Davies, Albert Hirschman, George Kennan, Bruce Mazlish, John McNeil, William McNeil, Jean-Paul Sartre, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Barbara Ward, Lady Jackson, Sir Brian Urquhart, Michael Adas, Christopher Adass, and Toynbee's Armenian Atrocities: The Killing of a Nation, with a speech by Lord Bryce in the House of Lords (Hodder and Stowton) : Some essays in reconstruction, with the introduction of Count Crogorsky (Dent 1915) Contributor, Greece, in the Balkans: History of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Turkey, various authors (Oxford, Clarendon Press 1915) British view on the Ukrainian question (Ukrainian Federation of the USA, New York, 1916) Editor, The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916: Documents presented by Vicount Grey Fallodon Vicont Bryce, with a foreword by Viscount Bryce (Hodder and Stouton and The Majesty's Office , 1916) Destruction of Poland: Study of the effectiveness of the German language (1916) Belgian deportations , with the statement of Viscount Bryce (T. Fisher Unwin 1917) German terror in Belgium: Historical record (Hodder and Staughton 1917) German terror in France: Historical record (Hodder and Staughton 1917) Turkey: Past and Future (Hodder and Stowton 1917) Western question in Greece and Turkey: Study in contact of civilizations (Constable 1922) Introduction and translations , Greek civilization and character : Self-exorcism of ancient Greek society (Dent 1924) Introduction and translations, Greek historical thought from Homer to the Era of Heraclyus, with two plays recently translated by Gilbert Murray (Dent 1924) Contributor, Nearabian territories of the Ottoman Empire since the Armistice on October 30, 1918, in Paris H. V. Temperley (Editor), VI (Oxford University Press under the auspices of the British Institute of International Relations 1924) Peace after Peace Peace Conference, which is the epilogue to the History of the Peace Conference in Paris and the prologue to the Review of International Relations, 1920-1923 (Oxford University Press under the auspices of the British Institute of International Relations 1925). Published independently, but Toynbee writes that it was originally written as an introduction to the Review of International Relations in 1920-1923, and was intended for publication as part of the same volume. With Kenneth. Kirkwood, Turkey (Benn 1926, in the series of Modern Nations edited by H. A. L. Fischer) The behavior of the British Empire of foreign relations after a peaceful settlement (Oxford University Press under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs 1928) A to China, or Things That Are Visible (Constable 1931) Editor, British Commonwealth of Relations, Proceedings of the first informal conference in Toronto, 11-21 September 1933, with a foreword by Robert L. Borden (Oxford University Press under the joint auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs and the Canadian Institute of International Affairs 1934) Study of The History of Vol I: Introduction; Genes of Civilizations Volume II: Genes of Civilizations Volume III: The Rise of Civilizations (Oxford University Press 1934) Editor, with J. A. K. Thomson, Essays in honor of Gilbert Murray (George Allen and Unwin 1936) Study of History Volume IV: The Decay of Civilizations Vol V: The Decay of Civilizations Volume VI: The Decay of Civilizations (University Oxford Press 1939) C. Somerwell , Study of History:Briging Vols I-VI, with a foreword by Toynbee (Oxford University Press 1946) Civilization on the Court (Oxford University Press 1948) Perspectives of Western Civilization (New York , Columbia University Press 1949). Lectures at Columbia University on topics from an unpublished part of the study of history. Published by agreement with Oxford University Press in the edition is limited to 400 copies and will not be republished. Albert Vann Fowler (editor), War and Civilization, Choice from The Study of History, with a foreword by Toynbee (New York, Oxford University Press 1950) Introduction and Translations, Twelve Man Action in Greco-Roman History (Boston, Beacon Press 1952). Excerpts from Thucydides, Xenophon, Plutarch and Polybia. Peace and West (Oxford University Press 1953). Raith Lectures for 1952. Exploring the History of Volume VII: Universal States; Universal Churches Volume VIII: Heroic Ages; Contacts between civilizations in space Vol IX: Contacts between civilizations in time; Law and freedom in history; Perspectives of Western Civilization Vol X: Inspirations of Historians; Note on Chronology (Oxford University Press 1954) Historian's Approach to Religion (Oxford University Press 1956). Gifford Lectures, University of Edinburgh, 1952-1953. D. C. Somervell, History Study:Bridgement Vols VII-X, with a foreword by Toynbee (Oxford University Publishing House 1957) Christianity among the World's Faiths (New York, Scribner 1957; London, Oxford University Publishing House 1958). Hewett's lectures were performed in 1956. Democracy in the Atomic Age (Melbourne, Oxford University Publishing House under the auspices of the Australian Institute of International Affairs 1957). Diazon's lectures were performed in 1956. East to West: A Journey Around the World (Oxford University Press 1958) Ellinism: History of Civilization (Oxford University Press 1959, in the Home University Library) With Edward D. Myers, Study of The History of Vol XI: Historical Atlas and Gazetteer (Oxford University Press 1959) D. C. Somervell, A History: The abbreviation of Vols I-X in one volume, with a new foreword by Toynbee and new tables (Oxford University Press 1960) Study of the History of Vol XII: Reviews (Oxford University Press 1961) Between Oxus and Jumna (Oxford University Press 1961) America and the World Revolution (Oxford University Press 1962). Public lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, spring 1961. Economics of the Western Hemisphere (Oxford University Press 1962). Wetherhead Foundation lectures, lectures at the University of Puerto Rico, February 1962. A modern experiment in Western civilization (Oxford University Press 1962). Beatty Memorial Lectures at McGill University, Montreal, 1961. Three sets of lectures, published separately in the UK in 1962, appeared in New York in the same year in the same volume titled America and the World Revolution and other lectures, Oxford University Press. Universal States (New York, Oxford University Press 1963). A separate publication of Part Volume VII of History Research. With Philip Toynbee, a comparison of notes: Dialogue between the Generation (Weidenfeld and Nicholson 1963). Conversations between Arnold Toynbee and his son, Philip ... how they were taped. Between Niger and the Nile (Oxford University Press 1965) Hannibal's Legacy: The Influence of Hannibal War on Roman Life Vol I: Rome and its Neighbors before the entry of Hannibal Va. II: Rome and its neighbors after the release of Hannibal (Oxford University Press 1965) Change and habit: The Challenge of Our Time (Oxford University Press 1966). Partly based on lectures, lectures, lectures, lectures, lectures, lectures given at the University of Denver in the last quarter of 1964, and at New College, Sarasota, Florida, and the University of the South, Sevani, Tennessee, in the first quarter of 1965. Dating (Oxford University Press 1967) Between Mole and Amazon (Oxford University Press 1967) Editor, City of Destiny (Thames and Hudson 1967) Editor and lead author, Death Concern Man (Hodder and Stouton 1968) Editor, Crucible of Christianity: Judaism, Hellenism and the Historical Background of the Christian Faith (Thames and Hudson 1969) Experience (Oxford University Press 1969) Some problems of Greek history (Oxford University Press 1969) Cities on the go (Oxford University Press 1970). With the support of the Urban Environment Institute of Columbia University School of Architecture. Survival in the Future (Oxford University Press 1971). A rewritten version of the dialogue between Toynbee and Professor Kei Wakaizumi of Kyoto Sangyo University: the essay was preceded by Wakizumi's questions. With Jane Kaplan, The Study of History, a new one-volume abbreviation, with new material and changes and, for the first time, illustrations (Thames and Hudson 1972) by Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World (Oxford University Press 1973) Editor, Half World: History and Culture of China and Japan Hudson 1973) Toynbee on Toynbee: Conversation between Arnold J. Toynbee and G. R. Urban (New York, Oxford University Press 1974) Humanity and Mother Earth: Narrative History of the World (Oxford University Press 1976), posthumously Richard L. Gage (editor), Toynbee-Ikeda Dialogue: The Man Must Choose (Oxford Press 1976), posthumously Richard L. Gage (editor), Toynbee-Ikeda Dialogue: The Man Must Choose (Oxford Press 1976), posthumously. The recording of the conversation lasts for several days. E. W. F. Tomlin (editor), Arnold Toynbee: Choice from his works, with the introduction of Tomlin (Oxford University Publishing 1978), posthumously. Includes preliminary excerpts from the Greeks and their heritage. Greeks and their heritage (Oxford University Press 1981), posthumously Christian B. Peper (editor), Conscience of the historian: Correspondence by Arnold J. Toynbee and Columba Cary-Elwes, Monk ampleforth, with a foreword by Lawrence L. Toynbee (Oxford University Press with Beacon Press, Boston 1987), posthumously The Review of International Affairs was published by the University of Oxford under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs between 1925 and 1977 and covered the years 1920-1963. Toynbee wrote, with assistants, Pre-War Series (covering the years 1920-1938) and War Time Series (1938-1946), and contributed introductions to the first two volumes of the postwar series (1947-1948 and 1949-1950). Its actual contributions varied from year to year. An additional series, Documents for International Affairs, covering 1928-1963, was published by Oxford University Press between 1929 and 1973. Toynbee led the compilation of the first of the volumes of 1939-1946 and wrote the foreword to both this and that 1947-1948. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arnold J. Toynbee. Wikiquote has quotes related to: Arnold J. Toynbee Carroll's Carroll quigli Erik Voegelin Fernand Braudel Oswald Spengler Christopher Dawson Toynbee Tiles Will Durant World History Notes and Orry, Louise (1997). Arnold Toynbee, brief lives. Oxford: Oxford University Publishing House. page 537. ISBN 978-0198600879. a b King's College London - Classics at the King's. Bragg, Richard (1985). Politics and Academy: Arnold Toynbee and Chairman of The Koraes. Middle East studies. 21 (4): v-115. JSTOR 4283087. Arnold J. Toynbee (1922). Western question in Greece and Turkey: study in contact of civilizations (PDF). London: Constable and Company Of Toynbee, Arnold Joseph. Who was who. Oxford University Press. December 1, 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U160398. Received on October 14, 2018. McNeil, William H. (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee: Life. New York: Oxford University Press. page 124. ISBN 9780195058635. (6) x x 2 x x 2 (x 3) (13) Michael Lang (December 2011). Globalization and global history in Toynbee. In the Journal of World History. 22 (4): 747–783. doi:10.1353/jwh.2011.0118. S2CID 142992220. (subscription required) - b Arnold Toynbee. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. April 6, 2014. Received on April 6, 2014. (subscription required) - Kennan, George F. (June 1, 1989). The story of Arnold Toynbee. New York Review of Books. Received on July 23, 2014. Montague, M. F. Ashley, Toynbee and History: Critical Essays and Reviews. Boston: Porter Sargent. p. vii. The Psychology of Encounters - Arnold Toynbee: Peace and the West: 1952. BBC Radio 4. Reit's lectures. December 14, 1952. Received on April 8, 2014. Massolin, Philippe Alphonse (2001). Canadian intellectuals, Tory traditions and the challenge of modernity, 1939-1970. University of Toronto Press. page 162. ISBN 978-0802035097. Curtis, Ernst Robert (1953). European literature and the Latin Middle Ages. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691018997. McIntyre, C.T.; Perry, Marvin, eds. Toynbee: Revaluation. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0802057853. Perry, Marvin (1996). Arnold Toynbee and Western Tradition. American University Of Study-5-Philosophy. 169. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0820426716. Arnold Toynbee (British historian). Encyclopedia Britannica. April 10, 2019. Received on May 3, 2019. LANG, MICHAEL. Globalization and global history in Toynbee. Diary of World History, page 22, No. 4, 2011, page 747- 783. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41508017. Grun, Erich S., ed. Rome is on the verge of expansion. Imperialism in the . European problem studies. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Introduction, page 10. ISBN 978-0-030-77620-5. Is the history of mankind possible? Oxford University History Podcasts. Received on July 1, 2014. Cohen, Deborah (Autumn 2001). Comparative History: Buyer Beware (PDF). GHI newsletter. No 29: 23-33. Archive from the original (PDF) dated March 28, 2013. Received on April 8, 2014. McNeil, William H. (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee: Life. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195058635. Bruin, Christopher (1995). Arnold Toynbee, Chatham House, and research in a global context. In Long, David; Wilson, Peter, 20- Thinkers of the 20-year-old crisis: inter-war idealism is overrated. ISBN 9780198278559. Received on April 11, 2014. Brody, J. Preventable War - Volume 2: Pierre Laval and the Politics of Reality, 1935-1936. Transaction publishers. ISBN 978-0765806222. a b c d Pemberton, Jo-Ann (2020). History of international relations, Part 3: Cold-blooded idealists. Springer Nature. 34. McNeil, William H. (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee: Life. New York: University of Oxford Chapter 8. ISBN 9780195058635. Puckett, Gabriel B. (June 2000). The influence of the Russian Revolution of 1917 on the historical thought of Arnold Toynbee, 1917-34. Revolutionary Russia. 13 (1): 55–80. doi:10.1080/09546540008575717. S2CID 144711181. McNeil, William H. (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee: Life. New York: Oxford University Press. 223-4. ISBN 9780195058635. Friedman, Isaiah (spring 1999). Arnold Toynbee: Pro-Arab or pro- zionist?. Israel Research. 4 (1): 73–95. doi:10.1353/is.1999.0019. Received on April 11, 2014. (subscription required) - So we destroyed toynbee theory. Haaretz. January 24, 2007. Received on December 19, 2014. - Toynbee, Arnold J (1961). Jewish rights in Palestine. Jewish quarterly review. 52 (1): 1–11. doi:10.2307/1453271. JSTOR 1453271. Solomon (1961). Jewish rights in Eets Israel (Palestine). Jewish quarterly review. 52 (1): 12–34. doi:10.2307/1453272. JSTOR 1453272. Jewish rights in Palestine (p. 1-11); Arnold Toynbee; DOI: 10.2307/1453271 Stable URL: - Prof. Toynbee rebuked an American scholar for resuming attacks on Jews. December 1961. In Hiroshima, the exhibition Choose Life - Arnold Toynbee and Daisaku Ikeda opens. Soka Gakkai International. July 23, 2005. Archive from the original on September 21, 2013. Received on April 13, 2014. Ikeda, Daisaku (2004). The human revolution. Santa Monica: World Tribune Press. Preface. ISBN 978-0915678778. The thirtieth anniversary of the Toynbee-Ikeda dialogue. SGI quarterly. January 2003. Archive from the original on April 14, 2014. Received on April 13, 2014. Toynbee, Polly (May 19, 1984). The value of Grandpa's drawing. Manchester Guardian. Arnold Toynbee (1947). Study of History: Reduction of Volumes I to VI. Oxford University Press. page 273. ISBN 9780199826698. Graham Snooks (2002). The laws of history. Taylor and Frances. page 91. ISBN 9780203452448. Arnold Toynbee (1987). Exploring History: Volume I: Shortening. Oxford U.P. p. 570. ISBN 9780195050806. Toynbee Prize Foundation. Toynbee Foundation. Received on April 14, 2014. Toynbee Prize Lecture 2017: Arnold Toynbee and The Challenges of Today (Yargen Osterhammel) Toynbee Prize Fund. toynbeeprize.org. received on January 25, 2017. References by William H. McNeil (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee: Life. Oxford: Oxford University Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-19-506335-6. Online from ACLS E-Book (required subscription) Further reading by Beacock, Jan. Humanist Among Machines - How silicon Valley dreams fill our world, can sleazy historian Arnold Toynbee help prevent a nightmare? (March 2016), Eon Ben Israel, Hedwa. Debate with Toynbee: Herzog, Talmon, Friedman, Israel Studies, Spring 2006, Volume 11 Issue 1, p. 79-90 Brevin, Christopher. Arnold Toynbee, Chatham House, and research in global in David Long and Peter Wilson, eds. Thinkers of the twenty-year crisis: Inter-war idealism Is Overestimated (1995) p. 277-302. Costello, Paul. World historians and their goals: answers to the modernism of the twentieth century (1993). Compares Toynbee to Herbert Wells, Oswald Spengler, Pitirim Sorokin, Christopher Dawson, Lewis Mumford and William H. McNeil Friedman, Isaiah. Arnold Toynbee: pro-Arab or pro-zionist? Israel Research, Spring 1999, Volume 4'1, p. 73-95 Hutton, Alexander. A belated return for Christ?: Arnold J. Toynbee's Study of History in British Context, 1934-1961. European History Review 21.3 (2014): 405-424. Lang, Michael. Globalization and Global History in Toynbee, World History Magazine 22'4 December 2011 p. 747-783 in the project MUSE McIntire, C. T. and Marvin Perry, eds. Toynbee: Reappraisals (1989) 254pp McNeil, William H. Arnold J. Toynbee: Life (Oxford UP, 1989). A standard scientific biography. Martel, Gordon. Origins of World History: Arnold Toynbee before World War I, Australian Journal of Politics and History, September 2004, Volume 50 Issue 3, p. 343-356 Montague, Ashley M. F., Ed. Toynbee and History: Critical Essays and Reviews (1956) Online Edition of Paquette, Gabriel B. Influence of the 1917 Russian Revolutions on the Historical Thought of Arnold J. Toynbee, 1917-34, Revolutionary Russia, June 2000, Vol. 13'1, page 55-80 Perry, Marvin. Arnold Toynbee and Western Tradition (1996) Toynbee, Arnold J. Exploring history an abbreviated edition of D.K. Somerwell (2 vol 1947); 617pp online edition vol 1, covering vols 1-6 original; Exploring the history of the online edition of the External References works by Arnold Toynbee on the Gutenberg Project works or about Arnold J. Toynbee's Online Archive Toynbee bibliography by Klaus-Gunter Wesseling (1998). Kircher, Athanasius. In Bautza, Traugott. Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (In German). 13. Herzberg: Bautz. Cols. 382-392. ISBN 3-88309-072-7. great bibliography of secondary literature Site analysis of excerpts in the work of Toynbee Arnold Toynbee, Challenge Hypothesis (1934) Newspaper clippings about Arnold J. Toynbee's 20th Century Press Archives by BW Arnold J. Toynbee on finding a grave extracted from arnold toynbee books pdf. arnold j. toynbee books. arnold j toynbee books pdf. which of the following books is written by arnold toynbee. arnold toynbee best books. arnold joseph toynbee books

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