The Psychoanalysis of the Homicide

報名類別:英文寫作

篇名: 變態犯罪心理學分析 The Psychoanalysis of the Homicide

作者:

吳彩鈺。台北市立士林高級商業職業學校。二年十一班

宋淑慧。台北市立士林高級商業職業學校。二年十一班

李欣蓉。台北市立士林高級商業職業學校。二年十一班

指導老師: 惠風

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Content

I. Introduction………………………………… 2 II.Thesis……………………………………..2~4 The introduction of criminal psychology III.Famous Crime Cases Analysis 1. South Korea murderer-Lin Yung-Chul...5~6 2. The terrifying abnormal killer in . 6~ 8 IV.Conclusion………………………………8~ 9 V Bibliography…………………………………9

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I. Introduction

The crime is one of the major crime types. The Pai Hsiao-yen homicide case took place in 1997. It was one of the most significant crime cases in Taiwan at that time. The are Chen Chin-hsing, Lin Chun-sheng, and Kao Tien-min. They not only cut the left little finger on hostage but also took pictures of the victim’s snaked body with menace. In the end, they killed the hostage. Furthermore, they even committed more crime cases during their escape course. This crime case assaulted the caring and friendly relationship in Taiwan society, causing the multitude's shock and panic. Civil group therefore originated a parade to claim women and children's personal safety.

Lombroso.C, who was called “Father of Criminal Experiment”,thought that the criminal is mostly related to the stage of the development at early age. The criminals are degenerating humanity, resulting from atavistic. He even published an argument named “born criminal”. Besides, his “Characteristic theory” advocates that each criminal was unique physiology and psychology feature. It doesn’t attach much weight to definition in the law but think highly of humanity behaviors such as assailment, violence, and impulse. Not only is the characteristic able to create the criminality but also the integration with environment will have a great influence.

We want to confer what factors cause such ghastly and ruthless ideas for them to kill people. Did their family give them wrong education in their childhood? Did they suffer something? Why don’t they think they are doing wrong? Why were their crime techniques crueler than before? We will consult history, and technical literature or Internet information. Studying criminal psychology and somewhat of society cases ,we’ll make a deep discussion by analyzing some famous murders.

Ⅱ.Thesis

A. The introduction of criminal psychology 1. The disputes In the past, the criminal psychologists thought that the perpetrators were governed with the vicious power or by devil. Afterward, the disease of heart and the insanity were thought from heredity rather than the vicious power.

a. Henry Maudsley Speaking about criminal psychology, we are going to introduce Maudsley , Henry

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(1835-1918) ,who is a specialized psychiatrist. He conceived “the notion of insanity”. In the notion, he resolutely believed the crime has closely relation to insanity. The poor genes damaged their state of psyche. But nowadays, most of the psychologists do not identify with it. In fact, the segment of crime study is originated from Psychoanalytic Perspective or Psychodynamic Perspective. Some of them consider that a crime is affected by mature environment. However, there are still some people applying Cognitive Theory to explain crimes. Eventually, the key point to the criminals is to understand their values and the morality of human.

b. Cesare Lombroso Addressed as “Father of Criminology” respectfully, Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), was born in 1835. His well-known fame was credited to a book, called "The Criminal Man". In the book, he quoted from Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)'s theory, believing that offenders are different from the other general normal people. They were thought close to the original human. Lombroso called this phenomenon is atavism. His life on the main points of criminology could be divided into three categories. First, he has been insisted on using statistical methods with anthropology, psychology and economics, researching to that offender immediately. Second, Ferri, Enrico (1852-1929) assumed that human behaviors and traits had the basis of biology. Finally, he passed through long-term research, contacted with critics, and then amended his theory.

c. Ferri Enrico Ferri Enrico was Lombroso's student. He published the book, called "The Theory of Imputability and the Denial of Free Will" in 1878. Later he published“The Homicide and Criminal Sociology”, and classified offenders. Before that, he was originally thought that the offenders resulted from many kinds of different reasons, including the physical, anthropological, and social backgrounds.

d. Raffele Garofalo Raffele Garofalo (1852-1934), different from Lombroso's Criminal anthropology, emphasized on the psychological aspect. He explained crime with psychic or moral abnormity concept. In his book, The Law of Adaptation, he brought up three methods to classify offenders like death penalty, partial elimination and enforced reparation. Cesare Lombroso, Ferri Enrico and Raffele Garofalo were, called the holy three of criminology by offspring.

2. Nowadays Explanation.

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Abnormal mind is also named as pathological mind. Its concept indicates that the criminal mind is different from the normal psychological state and leads to exceptional behaviors. The cause of abnormal mind can be attributed to the biology , psychology, and even the environment. The abnormal mind can be classified into three major types.

a. Personality disorder It is the most common type of crime. The personality structures apparently diverge from the normal in the development process. It isn’t a disease, but it has morals, such as intellectual , emotional and lack of character. Most of such people can’t be premeditated when they may commit. As erratic and stubborn personality, they often proceed with continuous commitment.

b. Psychosexual disorder It is also called sexual deviation. People violate the prevailing social customs to obtain sexual gratification. Their sex and sexual object is different from the general people. The and fetishism etc were classified within this. Incidentally, the homosexuality was classified as psychosexual disorder early. However, in 1973, the American Psychological Association, the American spirit of the Medical Association, removed the homosexuality from the disease classification system.

c. the disturbance of intelligence The process of committing the crime is very superficial, childish.Psychology is an academic and applied discipline which involves the scientific study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors. In the field of psychology, a professional researcher or practitioner is called a psychologist. In addition or opposition to employing scientific methods, psychologists often rely upon symbolic interpretation and critical analysis, albeit less frequently than other social scientists such as sociologists.

Psychologists study such phenomena as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, personality, behavior and interpersonal relationships. Some, especially depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior.

III. Famous Crime Cases Analysis

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1. South Korea murderer-Lin Yung-Chul

In southwest of Seoul ,there appeared continuous murders in 2004. The first murder took place at daybreak on April 22. The female college student was attacked by an stranger in front of her house. She was stabbed to death by seven times on the bosom. The second murder happened at daybreak on May 9. The female college student died with ten knives on her way home. After four days also at daybreak, a middle-aged woman died with four knifes in front of the restaurant. The next murder happened on June 17, a 19-year-old female high school student was found dead inside her apartment. Coincidentally, six cases took place in southwest area in the radius within five kilometers. From then on, there is much horrible hearsay full in South Korea. Some people said that the murderer specially aimed at the woman who wore white clothes, others said that the murderer always killed women because of the failure in love so that he hated all women. Furthermore, some even said that the murderer was a metamorphosis rapist and left Seoul residents alarmed and panicky.

The killer was a thirty-year-old man called Liu Yung-Chul. He was born in a poor family in Seoul. When he was fourteen years old, his father was dead for epilepsy ictus. When his brother died of the same disease, he took his death soon for granted. After he was arrested, he told judge that he also got epilepsy. When his age rose, the disease showed effect very massive. Finally, he was sentenced death. Because of the huge pressure, he was sent to hospital to heal his mental disease once.

In addition to health, his private life is also tragic. From 18 years old to 33 years old, he committed a total of 14 cases, a total of 11 imprisonments. When he was twenty-one years old, he got married with a masseuse. He also had a son. However, marriage and family didn’t promise him to live a normal live. Finally, his wife and son left him. On the contrary, he was in prison eleven years in a row for stealing and menace, and he learned many malevolent methods from others famous robbers.

When Lin Yung-Chul received the investigation from the police, he said that he hated Korea’s rich people and women, which resulted in his violent behaviors. He expressed when he was sent to prison for stealing, his wife put divorce to him. He considered why his wife broke a marriage with him was due to his incompetent, and his family had been economically disadvantaged since he was young.

After he was released, he chose the old men from the rich level as his criminal target. However, after he contacted The Jin masseuse, he had transient trust to society. But

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the Jin was informed of he has criminal records and got epilepsy. Because of the Jin’s rebel, he turned his target into female masseuse. Police said that he prepared to kill his ex-wife, but he considered his son so that he gave up this plan. He took women whose job was as same as his ex-wife and ex-girlfriend as the victims.

Analysis There are a lot of factors which influence personality in one’s early life. Therefore, we’ll try to analyze the possible factors according to different reports. According to “criminal psychology”、“antisocial personality disorder” is an important statement and theory. The main reason for the formation of the crime is early mourning parents, congenital physical anomaly, poor family environment, the unreasonable social system, etc. Generally speaking, people used to blame others and the external environment when they are in trouble. The psychologists apply “fundamental attribution theory” to explain the behavior. Born in poor family, Liu produce aversion to the rich. He blamed others for his misfortunes and unfair social structures radically. And then he became typical “Antisocial Personality Disorder”, leading greater tragedy to happen easily. The social discontent and accusations eventually cause Liu to commit unpardonable crimes.

Liu Yung-Chul he was born in poverty-stricken family, and his father and brother were dead of congenital epilepsy. Clinical psychologists also found that the antisocial personality disorder has formed in his childhood, such as theft, willful, cutting class and the resistance to all acts of authority. According to the report disclosed, Liu Yung-Chul began to have a criminal act of theft in high school, which further proved that he was classified bad. The serial crimes were mostly caused because of the abnormal personality and circumstances of the offenders. Liu Yung-Chul was regarded as the in South Korea, with both serial killings and cruel killings. Those murders can’t control their emotions. They are irresponsible and they can’t be trusted, they always lie. They might act differently but all these problems are confused by their families and social environment.

2. The terrifying abnormal killer in Japan

Between 1988 to 1989 in Japan, Tsutomu Miyazaki, 26-year-old who was kidnapped and killed four infant children, ages four to seven. The most horrible behavior that he ate them hand and drank the blood of the victim also molested their corpses. The event was known as the /Saitama Serial Kidnapping Murders of Little Girls. On August 22, 1988, the girl who named Mari Konno and Masami

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Yoshizawa were missing neighboring their home. Although their parents reported to the police, but there is still no information about them. A few months later, the little girl named Erika Nanba also missing neighboring their home. Three days later, someone found Erika Nanba's naked body in the forest, the cause of death was be strangulated. In the middle of December, Erika Nanba's home received a nameless postcard...... In the beginning of next year, Mari Konno’s home received a cardboard box, which has bone ash inside. After the identification, ascertain that was the girl's remains. In the middle of the year in Tokyo, Ayako Nomoto missed in her neighborhood. The next day in the portal-potty, someone found her naked body with no head and pieces of corps. After a week, Miyazaki Kan was prosecuted for obscene crimes and was investigated for the crime. He brought up the confession; the police followed it to find out the remains of victim.

On July 23 in Tokyo, a man who was be under suspicion because he carried off a little girl by tricker, and carried her to the mountain area to take the pictures of her naked body, he don't know the girl's father was following him. Soon, He was being subdued and arrested by police. After a week, Miyazaki Kan was prosecuted of obscene crimes and he had been investigated for the crime. The police based on his statement, they found the victim's head in Tokyo. The cruel and ferocious cases at that time caused the medium very intense to report.

Tsutomu Miyazaki's family financial situation was very rich. His father works as businessman of printing and publishing local . His father controlled him seriously. Tsutomu Miyazaki loved his grandfather when he was young, achieving very good results. But he got grievous disease, which called congenital radius ulna imperfects. The disease couldn't let his arms hold high so he was laughed by people. When his grandfather passed away in 1988, he hopes that he ate girls' corpse to bring his grandfather back to life. At the same time he worried if he left grandfather's corpse, his grandfather would show two people. As a result he ate his grandfather's corpse. In 1994, his father felt humiliation from his behavior so he committed . His father's dead let he in high spirits, and he expressed, “I was so happy!”. Before he had been arrested, he masqueraded under a false name to post a declared crime letter to medium.

Analysis We invested a lot of time in exploring this murderer from the case. I get to know the news in hand, the murderer who has been diagnosed with confusion with other conditions of . Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by

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abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality, causing his fantasy, detaching from real life.

Another major reason is associated with social environment, because he born to suffer from “Congenital radial is not complete”, affecting that he was ridiculed by everyone, making him closed himself didn’t get along with outside world. He stayed at home straight watching adult movie, adult comic, didn’t go outside. That is Japanese said ‘Otaku”, it made him possess serious and abnormal fantasy, and caused him commit a serious abnormal killings.

IV.Conclusion

In order to thorough get the message of criminal psychology’s information. We search the information from Internet, literature and researches over the years. We also find criminal psychology embraces difference kinds of types. After we sought much kind of criminal cases, we wonder how the murdering ways to be so cruel. Therefore, we searched this type’s criminal cases, and we found this kind of case was classified in criminal psychology. According to the two cases, we could realize that the factories of their surroundings at their childhood and congenital disease formed these murders. The two factories were classified in split personality of abnormal criminal psychology.

Such serial murders are also known as “”. It is a homicide in which the offender searches for erotic satisfaction by killing someone. Commonly this type of crime is manifested either by murder during sexual intercourse or by mutilating the sexual organs or areas of the victim’s body. The mutilation of the victim may include evisceration or displacement of the genitalia. Most psychologists also believe that because of childhood injury, they do not trust the society and thus offend the social safety. Therefore, we should pay more attention to children’s mental and physical safety in the future. For example, First, The Government should actively promote family education, after all, each child who first contact was family. Therefore, we should strengthen this part to reduce the production of criminals.

Second, we should increase the psychological counseling for those who have the congenital disease, and can avoid their hearts would be harmed in their childhood.

Third, our country should set the law to avoid this type of criminal cases arising again and again. What's more, if we can do this side's research later on, we hope to focus on

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investigation of violent crimes, and search more effective ways to prevent and reduce the kind of cases.

Bibliography John Douglas& Mark Olshaker (2002)。鄧海平譯。開膛手與美國七大奇案。高雄：

復文圖書出版社。

世界新聞報(2004).South Korea’s killer kills 20 people in one year. Availe:

http://big5.chinabroadcast.cn/gate/big5/gb.cri.cn/2201/2004/12/20/[email protected]

Wikipedia (2010) Murder of Pai Hsiao-yen Availe:http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%9B%89%E7%87%95%E5% 91%BD%E6%A1%88

National Repository of Cultural Heritage –Pai Hsiao- yen Availe:http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/index.jsp

Wikipedia (2009).Antisocial personality disorder of Abnormal psychology.

Availe:http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%8F%8D%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5

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Wikipedia (2008). Tustomu Miyazaki.

availe:http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E5%8B%A4%E4

%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6

Format-A. Why do the Japanese fear of OTAKU

Availe: http://format-acg.org/anime/TOPIC-ANIME/otaku.html

Wikipedia (November. 2006) Lust murderer.

availe:http:zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82%E6%AE%BA%E4

%BA%BA

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