DOCSLIB.ORG

Status and New Nesting Sites of Sea Turtles in Pakistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Status and New Nesting Sites of Sea Turtles in Pakistan NOTES AND FIELD REPORTS 119 2005; Khan and Ghalib 2006b; Iffat 2009). Hawkesbay and Sandspit, a complex of two adjacent beaches, are among the most important nesting areas of the Indian subcontinent (Seminoff 2002). Each year from 1981 to 1983, nearly 6000 green turtles and 200 olive ridley turtles nested on the beaches of Hawkesbay and Sandspit (Kabraji and Firdous 1984), and from October 1979 to December 1997, nearly 1.5 million eggs from 17,702 nests were transplanted to enclosures to offset preda- tion under the Sindh Wildlife Management Board project. This transplanting included 1.4 million eggs from green turtles and 78,014 eggs from olive ridley turtles (Asrar 1999). Throughout the Indian subcontinent, sea turtle populations have been affected by human exploitation for many decades (Groombridge and Luxmoore 1989). Coupled with exploitation of sea turtle meat for human consumption and fisheries-based bycatch mortality, the thorough and systematic exploitation of eggs in many parts of Southeast Asia has led to the decline of sea turtle populations throughout the region (Pilcher 1999). Nesting populations in Pakistan have also been subjected to Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 2010, 9(1): 119–123 g 2010 Chelonian Research Foundation degradation of nesting habitats, marine pollution, and lack of management (Hussain 2009). Status and New Nesting Sites of Sea Turtles Sea turtles in Pakistan are protected, either directly or indirectly, through a series of legal and regulatory in Pakistan provisions. All species have been declared legally 1 1 protected under the Sindh Wildlife Protection Ordinance M. ZAHEER KHAN ,SYED ALI GHALIB , AND (1972), the Balochistan Wildlife Protection Act (1974), 1 BABAR HUSSAIN and the Sindh Wildlife Protection Act (1993). Also, Clause 5 (Export Restriction) in the Pakistan Fish 1Department of Zoology–Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Inspection and Quality Act of 1997 sponsored by Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan [[email protected]; Pakistan’s Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock [email protected]; [email protected]] forbids the export and domestic consumption of aquatic turtles. However, although sea turtles are legally protect- ABSTRACT. – Nesting of Chelonia mydas and Lepido- chelys olivacea in Pakistan occurs at Hawkesbay and ed, their nesting sites do not have any ‘protected area’ Sandspit along Karachi Coast and at Ormara and status (Khan et al. 2005). Jiwani along Balochistan Coast. During the present Despite the legal protection of sea turtles in Pakistan, study, we surveyed all known and potential turtle few contemporary data are available on nesting distribu- nesting sites and identified 6 new nesting beaches, tion and abundance. Kabraji and Firdous (1984) suggested including Mubarak village (Karachi Coast), Gwadar that the Balochistan Coast hosted significant populations (West Bay), Pishukan, Ganz, Sonmiani, and Hingol of marine turtles. However, due to inaccessibility to the National Park (Balochistan Coast). During the study vast majority of beach sites, no field surveys were we observed that habitat degradation constitutes a undertaken. Similarly, Groombridge (1988) reported that major threat at coastal areas near Karachi and 95% of the Balochistan Coast—a stretch extending more Korangi creeks. than 640 km—appeared adequate for nesting activity but was largely inaccessible, thus preventing investigation of KEY WORDS. – sea turtles; nesting sites; status specific nesting sites. Today, much of the Balochistan coastline is accessible due to the construction of a coastal Five sea turtle species, including green turtles highway, thus providing an opportunity to expand upon (Chelonia mydas), olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys earlier survey efforts. olivacea), hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), The present study is the first effort in more than 2 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), and leatherback decades to record the nesting distribution and current turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) have been reported from status of marine turtles in Pakistan (Figs. 1, 2). The results the Pakistan Coast (Ghalib and Zaidi 1976; Groombridge will be helpful in developing a conservation plan by 1982, 1987a, 1987b; 1989; Firdous 1986, 1988; Kabraji numerous stakeholders, including the provincial govern- and Firdous 1984; Groombridge et al. 1988; Khan et al. ments of Pakistan, the National Council for Conservation 120 CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY, Volume 9, Number 1 – 2010 Figure 1. Map of the Balochistan coastal area of Pakistan, a stretch extending more than 850 km. Today, much of the Balochistan coastline is accessible due to the construction of a coastal highway. of Wildlife, and national and international nongovern- during which all the tracks encountered over the beach mental organizations such as World Wildlife Fund- were counted, and the number of turtles from all beach Pakistan and the International Union for the Conservation sections pooled to arrive at the total nesting activity for of Nature. Our findings will also create public awareness each month. Each person was posted at an interval of 1 km regarding the importance of conserving the marine turtles to count the emerging turtles during surveys. In addition, and their habitats. we conducted early morning beach surveys by foot or in a Methods. — This study was carried out along the vehicle, searching for crawls to further quantify nesting Balochistan and Sindh Coasts (Figs. 1 and 2, respective- activity. ly). Along the Karachi Coast, there are 2 primary beaches: Selected localities along the Balochistan Coast were Sandspit and Hawkesbay. Both beaches are 5 km in surveyed in January 2006. Five nights were spent at each length, with sand dunes starting at the high-water mark. site, and nesting activity was characterized through track The beach slopes at Sandspit and Hawkesbay are from counts, counts of nest pits, counts of nesting turtles, and 40u to 60u and 20u to 40u, respectively, from the high- interviews with local residents. Turtles and turtle tracks water mark to the subtidal zone (Hussain 2009). The were identified according to Minton (1966) and Pritchard beaches are separated by a small rocky outcrop, known as et al. (1983). Kakapir, within the intertidal area. The rocky ledges Results and Discussion. — The results of our surveys gently slope and extend to the neap low-water mark. are summarized in Table 1. Along the Karachi Coast, a There are sabellarian reefs along the edges of the rocky new green turtle nesting site was discovered near ledge near the neap low-water zone. Mubarak Village, an area of difficult access approximate- Surveys occurred from September 2004 through ly 25 km from Hawkesbay (Fig. 1). Nocturnal surveys December 2007, with efforts occurring primarily during and interviews suggest that 20–50 nests are deposited the peak of the nesting season (July to November). A 5- nightly during the peak of the season. Along the person team conducted nocturnal surveys along a 50-km Balochistan Coast, we visited 9 nesting sites, 5 of which stretch of the Karachi Coast nesting beach. Thus, had been previously reported by Groombridge (1987a, fortnightly surveys (i.e., every 15 days) were conducted, 1987b). Those not described by Groombridge (1987a, NOTES AND FIELD REPORTS 121 Figure 2. Map of the Sindh coastal area of Pakistan. This portion of the Pakistani Coast hosts Hawkesbay and Sandspit, 2 of the most important nesting areas for marine turtles on the Indian subcontinent. 1987b) include Gwadar (West Bay), Pishukan, Ganz, green turtles were recorded at Sandspit/Hawkesbay Sonmiani, and Hingol National Park (Fig. 2). (Table 2). We documented hawksbill tracks at Cape Green turtles were the most commonly reported Monze (Mubarak Village) and also received reports of species. From September 2004 to December 2007, 5964 hawksbill at Astola Island, which is consistent with Table 1. Summary of results of surveys on nesting sites along Sindh and Balochistan Coasts of Pakistan. Location name Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Beach length Species Nesting season Hawkesbay/Sandspit 24u519/24u509 66u519/66u549 5 km/5 km C. mydas Year round, with peak L. olivacea in Jul–Dec Cape Monze/Mubarak Village 24u549 66u419 1.5 km C. myda Jun–Jul D. coriacea E. imbricata Ormara 25u169 64u569 24 km C. mydas Jun–Nov Pasni 25u229 63u529 2.5 km C. mydas Jul–Aug Gwadar (West Bay, Kapaase area) 25u089 62u199 10 km C. mydas Jan Pishukan 25u049 61u219 500 m C. mydas Feb D. coriacea Ganz 25u059 61u519 100 m C. mydas Jan–Feb Jiwani 25u029 61u499 5km C. mydas Jul–Jan for C. mydas L. olivacea and L. olivacea D. coriacea Astola Island 25u079 63u519 1.5 km C. mydas Jul–Dec E. imbricata Hingol National Park (Hingol river 25u229 65u199 5km C. mydas Aug–Sep estuary, Sapat, Lassikund, Kund Malir, Sohrab Bandar, Wadh Bandar, Durigaz, and Baddauk) Sonmiani 3 km C. mydas Nov–Dec 122 CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY, Volume 9, Number 1 – 2010 Two additional threats, although reported as serious Table 2. Counts of green turtle females encountered during surveys at nesting beaches on the Karachi Coast of Pakistan. issues in Pakistan, are perhaps less threatening to sea turtle populations than once believed. These include Year of survey marine pollution and direct harvest of turtles and eggs. Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 With respect to pollution, although it may be major problem near the coastal city of Karachi, the confined Jan 25 78 81 Feb 07 77 36 ocean circulation patterns near this coastal metropolis Mar 04 80 11 prevent widespread impacts
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Bank Document
    Irrigation Department Public Disclosure Authorized Government of Balochistan Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Executive Summary Public Disclosure Authorized Reviewed Draft for Disclosure January 2016 Contents 1 Executive Summary......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project description .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Environmental Baseline ............................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 Nari River Basin 2 1.2.2 Porali River Basin 2 1.3 Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures ............................................................... 4 1.4 Cumulative Impact Assessment ................................................................................ 4 1.5 Climate Change Impacts and Risks .......................................................................... 5 1.6 Environmental Management Plan ............................................................................. 5 1.7 Environmental Monitoring ....................................................................................... 23 1.8 Capacity Building and Training................................................................................ 25 1.9 Cost of EMP ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum
    Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION • WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 125 1968 Number 3666 Stomatopod Crustacea from West Pakistan By Nasima M. Tirmizi and Raymond B. Manning * Introduction As part of a broad program of studies on the larger Crustacea of West Pakistan and the Ai'abian Sea, one of us (N.T.) initiated a survey of the Stomatopoda occurring off the coast of West Pakistan. Analysis of preliminary collections indicated that the stomatopod fauna of this area is richer in numbers of species than is evident from the literature. Through correspondence in 1966, we decided to collaborate on a review of the Pakistani stomatopods; this report is the result of that collaboration. This paper is based prhnarily on collections made by and housed in the Zoology Department, University of Karachi. Specimens in the collections of the Central Fisheries Department, Karachi, and the Zoology Department, University of Sind, were also studied. Unfortu- nately, only a few specimens from the more extensive stomatopod collections of the Zoological Survey Department, Karachi, were available for study. Material from Pakistan in the collection of the Division of Crustacea, Smithsonian Institution (USNM), material from two stations made off Pakistan by the International Indian 1 Tirmizi: Reader, Zoology Department, University of Karachi, Pakistan; Manning, Chairman, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institu- tion. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 125 Ocean Expedition (IIOE), and a few specimens in the collections of the British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH), are also recorded. Some species of stomatopods are edible and are relished in various parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Collaborative Management of Protected Areas First Asia Parks Congress, Sendai, Japan, 13-17 November, 2012
    Islamic Republic of Pakistan Collaborative Management of Protected Areas First Asia Parks Congress, Sendai, Japan, 13-17 November, 2012 By: Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan Assistant Secretary (Wildlife) Forestry Wing, Climate Change Division, (Cabinet Secretariat) Government of Pakistan, Islamabad Email: samar [email protected] [email protected] K2 About 1,000 miles Arabian Sea Pakistan is an oblong stretch of land between the Arabian sea and Karakoram mountains. Lying diagonally 24˚ N and 37˚ N latitudes and 61˚ E and 75˚ E longitudes, and covering an area of 87.98 million hectares. Topographically, the country has a continuous massive mountainous tract in the north, the west and south-west and large fertile plain, the Indus plain. The northern mountain system, comprising the Karakoram, the Himalays, and the Hindu-Kush, has enormous mass of snow and glaciers and 100 peaks of over 5400m in elevation. From Arabian Sea to the second highest peak in the world, K-2 (8,563m), it is the greatest change in elevation within any sovereign state on earth. More than 80% of the country is arid or semiarid. Due to this extensive aridity, the natural forest area is very small (about 5% of the total area) Pakistan’s Ecological Zones WWF- Global 200 Ecoregions Pakistan has five diverse and representative ecoregions included in Global 200 Ecoregions, identified by WWF. That are: The North Arabian Sea The Indus Ecoregion Rann of Kutch Tibetan plateau Western Himalayan Temperate Forests BIODIVERSITY OF PAKISTAN Biodiversity of Pakistan is blend of Palaearctic, Indo-Malayan and Ethiopian forms. Species belonging to Palaearctic realm occur in the Himalayan and Balochistan uplands; those belonging to Indo-Malayan realm occur in the Indus plains including Thar Desert and the Himalayan foothills.
    [Show full text]
  • Sindh Coast: a Marvel of Nature
    Disclaimer: This ‘Sindh Coast: A marvel of nature – An Ecotourism Guidebook’ was made possible with support from the American people delivered through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of IUCN Pakistan and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of USAID or the U.S. Government. Published by IUCN Pakistan Copyright © 2017 International Union for Conservation of Nature. Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or translation of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan. Author Nadir Ali Shah Co-Author and Technical Review Naveed Ali Soomro Review and Editing Ruxshin Dinshaw, IUCN Pakistan Danish Rashdi, IUCN Pakistan Photographs IUCN, Zahoor Salmi Naveed Ali Soomro, IUCN Pakistan Designe Azhar Saeed, IUCN Pakistan Printed VM Printer (Pvt.) Ltd. Table of Contents Chapter-1: Overview of Ecotourism and Chapter-4: Ecotourism at Cape Monze ....... 18 Sindh Coast .................................................... 02 4.1 Overview of Cape Monze ........................ 18 1.1 Understanding ecotourism...................... 02 4.2 Accessibility and key ecotourism 1.2 Key principles of ecotourism................... 03 destinations ............................................. 18 1.3 Main concepts in ecotourism .................
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status of the Mammals of Balochistan Author(S)
    Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 39(2), pp. 117-122, 2007. Current Status of the Mammals of Balochistan SYED ALI GHALIB, ABDUL JABBAR, ABDUR RAZZAQ KHAN AND AFSHEEN ZEHRA Department of Zoology (Wildlife and Fisheries),University of Karachi, Karachi (SAG, AZ), Forest and Wildlife Department, Government of Balochistan, Uthal (AJ) and Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd, Karachi (ARK) Abstract.- Ninety species of mammals of Balochistan have been recorded so far belonging to 9 orders and 27 families; of these, 2lspecies are threatened,4species are endemic to Balochistan, 14 species are of special conservation interest,8 sites are important for mammals. Special efforts are being made to conserve the important mammals particularly in the protected areas specially in Chiltan Hazarganji National Park and the Hingol National Park. Key words: Biodiversity, threatened species, Balochistan, protected areas. INTRODUCTION 0030-9923/2007/0002-0117 $ 8.00/0 Copyright 2007 Zoological Society of Pakistan. al. (2002), Shafiq and Barkati (2002), Khan et al. (2004), Javed and Azam (2005), Khan and Siddiqui Balochistan is the largest province of (2005), Roberts (2005) and Roberts (2005a). Pakistan extending over an area of 350,000 sq.km As many as 2 National Parks, 14 Wildlife and the smallest number of inhabitants about 0.7 Sanctuaries and 8 Game Reserves have been million only. The province lies between 24°32’N established in the Province (Table I).At present, and 60°70’E.The-coast line is about 770 km long. detailed baseline studies on the biodiversity of The east-central and northern part of the province Hingol National Park are being undertaken under has high mountains of which considerable parts the GEF funded project on the Management of reach an elevation of above 2,300 m (7000feet) and Hingol National Park w.e.f.
    [Show full text]
  • D.T. Potts (Sydney) Introduction Although None of the Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions Listing the Satrapies (Junge 1942; Lecoq
    THE ISLANDS OF THE XIVTH SATRAPY D.T. Potts (Sydney) Introduction Although none of the Achaemenid royal inscriptions listing the satrapies (Junge 1942; Lecoq 1997) under Darius (DB §6; DNa §3; DNe, DPe §2; Dse §3; DSm §2; DSaa §4; the incomplete DSv §2), Xerxes (XPh §3) or Artaxerxes II (A2Pa) refer to them, the islands of the Erythraean Sea appear in two important Greek sources. 1. In Book 3, where the famous ‘Steuerliste’, believed by many to reflect Darius I’s satrapal reforms (Hist. 3.89), appears, Herodotus says: ‘The fourteenth province consisted of the Sagartians, Sarangians, Thamanaeans, Utians, Mycians and the inhabitants of the islands in the Erythraean Sea where the Persian king settles the people known as the dispossessed, who together contributed 600 talents’ (Hist. 3.93). 2. In Book 4 Herodotus writes, ‘Persians live all the way south as far as the sea which is called the Erythraean Sea’ (Hist. 4.37). 3. In Book 7 Herodotus describes the infantry contingents which fought for Xerxes at Doriscus. He says: ‘The tribes who had come from the islands in the Erythraean Sea to take part in the expedition - the islands where the Persian king settles the peoples known as the ‘dispossessed’ - closely resembled the Medes in respect of both clothing and weaponry. These islanders were commanded by Mardontes the son of Bagaeus1, who was one of the Persian commanders a year later at the battle of Mycale, where he died’(Hist. 7.80). 4. Finally, in Arrian’s (Anab. Alex. 3.8.5) description of the forces of Darius III at Issus, we read, ‘The tribes bordering on the Erythraean Sea were directed by Orontobates, Ariobarzanes and Orxines’.
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Red List of Pakistan's Mammals
    SSttaattuuss aanndd RReedd LLiisstt ooff PPaakkiissttaann’’ss MMaammmmaallss based on the Pakistan Mammal Conservation Assessment & Management Plan Workshop 18-22 August 2003 Authors, Participants of the C.A.M.P. Workshop Edited and Compiled by, Kashif M. Sheikh PhD and Sanjay Molur 1 Published by: IUCN- Pakistan Copyright: © IUCN Pakistan’s Biodiversity Programme This publication can be reproduced for educational and non-commercial purposes without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior permission (in writing) of the copyright holder. Citation: Sheikh, K. M. & Molur, S. 2004. (Eds.) Status and Red List of Pakistan’s Mammals. Based on the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. 312pp. IUCN Pakistan Photo Credits: Z.B. Mirza, Kashif M. Sheikh, Arnab Roy, IUCN-MACP, WWF-Pakistan and www.wildlife.com Illustrations: Arnab Roy Official Correspondence Address: Biodiversity Programme IUCN- The World Conservation Union Pakistan 38, Street 86, G-6⁄3, Islamabad Pakistan Tel: 0092-51-2270686 Fax: 0092-51-2270688 Email: [email protected] URL: www.biodiversity.iucnp.org or http://202.38.53.58/biodiversity/redlist/mammals/index.htm 2 Status and Red List of Pakistan Mammals CONTENTS Contributors 05 Host, Organizers, Collaborators and Sponsors 06 List of Pakistan Mammals CAMP Participants 07 List of Contributors (with inputs on Biological Information Sheets only) 09 Participating Institutions
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Sixth Inter-Governmental Meeting of Ministers of South Asian Seas Programme
    SOUTH ASIA CO-OPERATIVE ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME SOUTH ASIAN SEAS PROGRAMME SOUTH ASIAN SEAS PROGRAMME 6th Inter-governmental Meeting of Ministers Dhaka, Bangladesh 5 – 6 November 2019 REPORT OF THE SIXTH INTER-GOVERNMENTAL MEETING OF MINISTERS OF SOUTH ASIAN SEAS PROGRAMME Report of the 6th Inter-governmental Meeting of Ministers South Asian Seas Programme 5 – 6 November 2019, Dhaka, Bangladesh South Asia Co-operative Environlll.ent Progralll.lIl.e South Asian Seas Progralll.lIl.e No . 146j24A, Havelock Road, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka CERTIFICATE The Report of the Sixth Inter-governmental Meeting of Ministers of the South Asian Seas Programme held on 5 - 6 November 2019 in Dhaka, Bangladesh is herewith submitted to the members of the Inter­ governmental Meeting of Ministers and the Consultative Committee, in fulfliment of the fmancial and administrative procedures of SACEP and SASP. c::=w~~------~~;r~IT Director General 30th January 2020 (iii) Report of the 6/1' Illter-govenmlelltal Meetillg ofMillisters SOllth Asiml Seas Programme 5 - 6 November 2019, Dhaka, Ballgladesh Report of the 6th Inter-governmental Meeting of Ministers South Asian Seas Programme 5 – 6 November 2019, Dhaka, Bangladesh Report of the Sixth Inter-governmental Meeting of Ministers of South Asian Seas Programme (SASP) 5 – 6 November 2019 Dhaka, Bangladesh Report of the 6th Inter-governmental Meeting of Ministers South Asian Seas Programme 5 – 6 November 2019, Dhaka, Bangladesh Report of the 6th Inter-governmental Meeting of Ministers South Asian Seas Programme 5 – 6 November 2019, Dhaka, Bangladesh REPORT OF THE SIXTH INTER-GOVERNMENTAL MEETING OF MINISTERS OF THE SOUTH ASIAN SEAS PROGRAMME Para No.
    [Show full text]
  • Expanding Informality &Diminishing Wages 2011
    Labour Rights in Pakistan Expanding Informality &Diminishing Wages 2011 Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research 2 Labour Rights in Pakistan Advisor Karamat Ali Editor Zeenat Hisam Contributors Dr. Pervez Tahir Dr. Nadia Saleem Dr. Naheed Nabi Dr. Aly Ercelawn Yasmin Qureshi & Sameena Haidermota Altaf Hussain Nayyar Ahmed Siddiqui Design & Layout K.B. Abro First Published: December 2011 ISBN 978-969-9153-11-2 Printed at Print Vision Published by: Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research PILER Centre ST-001, Sector X, Sub-Sector V, Gulshan-e-Maymar Karachi 75340 Pakistan 3 Labour Rights in Pakistan Contents Foreword 5 Section One 1. Introduction 9 The Year of the Disaster War on Terror Legislative Changes Economic Overview Labour Force participation and Employment Structure Labour Force Indicators at a Glance 2. Labour Struggles 2010-22011 15 Informal Sector Ship Breaking Industry Fisheries Power Looms Formal (Public) Sector PTCL KESC Lady Health Workers Formal Private Sector Coca Cola Beverages Pakistan Ltd. 3. The Floods 2010: Impact on Vulnerable Lives and Livelihoods 23 Attribution and the Affected Government Response and the Gaps The Displaced Population Meagre Incomes, Poor Livelihoods Social Deprivation and Insecurity Section Two Special Articles 1. Economy and Labour Dr. Pervez Tahir 29 2. Emerging Shape of Labour Market and Women Dr. Nadia Saleem 39 3. Occupational Health and Safety in the Brick Kilns of Shahdadpur Dr. Naheed Nabi 57 4. Rural Workers and Residential Land Entitlement Altaf Hussain 65 5. Women in the Fisheries Yasmin Qureshi & Sameena H. 73 6. Minimum Wage: Deficit in Decent Wage A. Ercelawn 85 7. The Devolved Course: Constitutional Reforms and the Status of Implementation of Labour Provisions Zeenia Shaukat 91 4 Labour Rights in Pakistan 5 Labour Rights in Pakistan Foreword Inequitable processes are unjust, whether across groups or generations.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Documents • Project Appraisal Document • Aide-Memoires • Isrs • Quality Assurance Group Evaluation, 2006 • Audited Financial Reports
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00001457 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT (TF-28408) ON A Public Disclosure Authorized GRANT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 7.831 MILLION (US$ 10.08 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE GOVERNMENT OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN FOR A GEF-PROTECTED AREAS MANAGEMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized June 8, 2010 Environment, Water Resources, and Climate Change Sector Sustainable Development Department South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective February 28, 2001) Currency Unit = Pakistani Rupee (Rs.) US$ 1.00 = 57.58 FISCAL YEAR July 1 – June 30 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir CAS Country Assistance Strategy CBO Community based organization FMR Financial Monitoring Report FPA Fund Protected Area FY Fiscal Year GA Grant Agreement GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GEO Global Environmental Objective GOP Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ICR Implementation Completion Report IP Indigenous Peoples IPDP Indigenous Peoples Development Plan ISR Implementation Status Report LAC Local Advisory Committee MELGRD Ministry of Environment, Local Government and Rural Development M&E Monitoring and evaluation MOE Ministry of Environment (formerly MELGRD, Ministry of Environment, Local Government and Rural Development MTR Mid-term review NGO Non-government organization NWFP North West Frontier Province OD Operational Directive OP Operational Policy PA Protected Area PAMP Protected Areas Management Project PAD Project Appraisal Document PDO Project Development Objective VCC Village Conservation Committee WVCC Women’s Village Conservation Committee ii Vice President: Isabel M. Guerrero Country Director: John Wall Sector Manager: Gajanand Pathmanathan Project Team Leader: Malcolm A.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsunami Heights and Limits in 1945 Along the Makran Coast
    https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2021-53 Preprint. Discussion started: 5 March 2021 c Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Tsunami heights and limits in 1945 along the 2 Makran coast estimated from testimony 3 gathered seven decades later in Gwadar, Pasni 4 and Ormara 5 Hira Ashfaq Lodhi1, Shoaib Ahmed2, Haider Hasan2 6 1Department of Physics, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan 7 2 Department of Civil Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan 8 Correspondence to: Hira Ashfaq Lodhi ([email protected]) 9 Abstract. 10 The towns of Pasni and Ormara were the most severely affected by the 1945 Makran tsuami. The water inundated almost a 11 kilometer at Pasni, engulfing 80% huts of the town while at Ormara tsunami inundated two and a half kilometers washing 12 away 60% of the huts. The plate boundary between Arabian plate and Eurasian plate is marked by Makran Subduction Zone 13 (MSZ). This Makran subduction zone in November 1945 was the source of a great earthquake (8.1 Mw) and of an associated 14 tsunami. Estimated death tolls, waves arrival times, extent of inundation and runup remained vague. We summarize 15 observations of tsunami through newspaper items, eye witness accounts and archival documents. The information gathered is 16 reviewed and quantized where possible to get the inundation parameters in specific and impact in general along the Makran 17 coast. The quantization of runup and inundation extents is based on a field survey or on old maps. 18 1 Introduction 19 The recent tsunami events of 2004 Indian Ocean (Sumatra) tsunami, 2010 (Chile) and 2011 (Tohoku) Pacific Ocean tsunami 20 have highlighted the vulnerability of coastal areas and coastal communities to such events.
    [Show full text]
  • Boundary Delineation and Renotification of Hingol National Park
    Cover page design: GIS Laboratory, WWF – Pakistan Photo Credits: Irfan Ashraf and Hammad Gilani, WWF – Pakistan CONTENTS CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................................. I LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................................II LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................................................II LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................................................................................................................... IV SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................................1 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................3 1.1 BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................................3 1.2 STUDY AREA ..............................................................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]