Riyadh City Map Pdf

Riyadh city map pdf

Continue Original name: Riyadh Geographical location: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Asia Geographical coordinates: 24° 38' 27 North, 46° 46' 22 Detailed map east of Riyadh and near welcome to Google Riyadh satellite map! This place is located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, its geographical coordinates are 24° 38' 27 north, 46° 46' 22 east and its original name (with diacritics) is Riyadh. See Riyadh pictures and images from a satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. A map of Riyadh hotels is available on the linked destination page above. You like this map? Link to it or recommend it! Sign up in Riyadh or add a new place sign for Riyadh.Get your personal map homepage and much more for free. Riyadh Book a hotel in Riyadh online and save money in Riyadh hotels: low rates, no booking fee, no cancellation fees. Maplandia.com with Booking.com offers highly competitive rates for all types of hotels in Riyadh, from affordable family hotels to the most luxurious hotels. 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Riyadh Google Map Text Link <a href= title=google satellite map of Riyadh>Riyadh Google map</a> Riyadh Google Map Image Map Link <a href= title=google satellite map of Riyadh><img src= 88 height=31 border=0 alt=Riyadh google map></a Map Search <div style=margin:0px;text-align:center;border:1px solid =gt;<img src= width=125 height=21 alt=google maps gazetteer border=0><br><input type=text name=h[2][1] value& ;סגנון =רקע:אף אחד = width:135px padding:8px 4px;background: #FFF;><form action= _top style=padding:0;margin:0; action= target=_top style=padding:0;margin:0;></form action= target=_top style=padding:0;margin:0; ></div>href;#111 הערה חשובה: יש להדביק את קוד תיבת החיפוש של המפה ישירות בדפי אינטרנט ללא שינוי. תורשה לשנות חלק אף חלק של קוד הקישור או לשנות את;size=16 style=width:125px;><br><input type=submit value= find map size=16 style=margin-top:4px;width:125px;><br><input type=hidden name=action[2] value=special> lt;/a> <iframe width=300 height=250 frameborder=0 scrolling=no marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 src= style=border:1px solid&מפת גוגל;lt;iframe width=260 height=200 frameborder=0 scrolling=no marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 src= style=border:1px solid #000;></iframe> <a href= title=google satellite map of Riyadh>& .הפריסה או את פילוח מכל סיבה שהיא אינה ממומנת על ידי או מזוהה עם גוגל. בירת ערב lt;/a> Maplandia.com&מפת גוגל ריאד;lt;/a> <iframe width=336 height=280 frameborder=0 scrolling=no marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 src= style=border:1px solid #000;> </iframe> <a href= title=google satellite map of Riyadh>&ריאד ריאד;gt;</iframe> <a href= title=google satellite map of Riyadh>&;#000 N 46°43′E / 24.633°N'אסיה)הצג מפה של אסיהוהוה: RiyadhRiyadh (24°38מיקום של ריאד בתוך ערב הסעודיתהצג מפה של ערב הסעודיתSealRiyadhاﻟﺮﻳﺎااااﻳﻴﺎااﻻﻻاﻻاﻻاﻻاﻻاﻻااﻻاااااااااﻻﻻاﻳﻴﻲ עיר הבירה / מטרופוליסריאד קו רקיעRiyadhהסעודית לא להתבלבל עם שם עצם ריאד הנכון בערבית או בית מרוקאי מסורתי, ריאד. לצורך שימושים אחרים, ראו ריאד (פירושונים). עיר בירה / מטרופוליס ערב הסעודית UTC+3אזור זמן(km2 (10,000/sq mi/המדינה ערב הסעודיתשכונותשכונותריאדהתערבות • ריאד פרינס מושל פייסל בן בנדר אל סעוד • ראש העיר פייסל בן עבדולעזיזאריאה • סהכ 1,973 קמר (762 קמר)גובה612 מ' (2,008 רגל)האוכלוסייה (2018)[2018)[2018)[אוכלוסייה 1] • סהכ 7,676,654 • צפיפותN 46°43′E / 24.633° N 46.717° E / 24.633; 46.7173,900הורדים: 46.717°E / 24.633; 46.71724°38′ The Municipality of Riyadh (; Riyāḍ 1999 riˈjaːdʕ 9) is the capital and largest city in the Arabian Peninsula rɪˈjɑːðʕ 1999. Located in the center of the a-Nafud Desert, in the eastern part of the Najd Heights, the city is about 600 meters above sea level and receives more than 16 million tourists eachהנציבות הגבוהה לפיתוח Websiteמיקוד(5 ספרות)אזור חיוג(ים)AST)966505651530+) year, making it the second most expensive city in the Arab world. In 2019, the country had a population of 7.6 million, making it Saudi Arabia's most populous city, the second largest in the Arab world (after Cairo) and asia's 38th largest. [1] The first mention of the city called Riyadh was in 1590, by an early Arab chronicler. In 1737, Dham Ibn Dawas, who was from neighboring Manpawa, settled and took over. Dham built a wall around the city, and the most well-known source known as Riyadh is from this period, which was thought to be the previous oasis towns that preceded the wall built by Ibn Dawas. [5] In 1744, Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Whab allied themsies with Amir Dia'aria, Mohammed bin Saud, and in 1774 they took Riyadh from Dham. However, their country, now known as the first Saudi state, collapsed in 1818. Turki Ibn Abdullah founded the second Saudi state in the early 1800s and made Riyadh its capital in 1825. However, his rule over the city was disrupted by a joint Ottoman-Rashid alliance. Finally, in the early 1900s, Abdelaziz ibn Saud, known in the West simply as The Stone of Saud, returned his ancestral kingdom to Najd in 1902 and usconsibly took power in 1926 with the last Saudi occupation of Hajaz. In September 1932, he named his kingdom Saudi Arabia with Riyadh as its capital. Riyadh is saudi Arabia's political and administrative center. The consultation assembly (also known as the Row or Row Council), saudi Arabia's Council of Ministers, the King and Saudi Arabia's העיר מארחת 112 שגרירויות זרות, שרובן ממוקמות ברובע א-ספראת או ברובע הדיפלומטי (בערבית: .Supreme Judicial Council are all in the city. Alongside these four bodies, which were the core of Saudi Arabia's legal system, the headquarters of large government bodies and other minors in Riyadh are also located כביש 65, הידוע בכינויו דרך המלך פאהד, עובר דרך כמה מהמרכזים .(SABB) בנק אלימה והבנק הבריטי של ערב הסעודית ,(NCB) יש גם משמעות כלכלית רבה, מכך שהיא מארחת את המטה של בנקים וחברות גדולות רבות, כגון הבנק המסחרי הלאומי RIyadh-اﻟﺴﺴﺎرااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا ל ,ااررااا :Of the world's largest financial districts, central Faisalliy and the center of the kingdom. Riyadh is one of the world's fastest growing cities in the population and is home to many expats. Riyadh has been declared a global city. The city is divided into 15 urban districts, supervised by the Municipality of Riyadh (Arabic , החשובים האלה בעיר, כולל הרובע הפיננסי המלך עבדאללה Romanized: Amanat ar-Riyad, illuminated. and the Royal Commission into Riyadh headed by the provincial governor, Faisal bin Bender Al Saud. As of July 2020, the mayor is Faisal bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Ayef al-Mukarin. Most of the population in Riyadh province is concentrated around Riyadh, Manu, with few small towns connected by small roads of two to four lanes. and was reportedly founded by the Bano Haniyafa tribe. Hajar served as the capital of al-Yamaha province, whose governors were responsible for much of central and eastern Arabia during the Omiyad and ,(رر :Such as Wadi Ad-Dwasser. History See also: Riyadh's timeline of early history in pre-Islamic times The city on the site of modern Riyadh was called Hajer (Arabic Abbasid periods. Al-Yamama fled the Abbas empire in 866, and the surrounding area fell under the rule of the Uks, who moved the capital from Hajar to nearby al-Kharaj. The city then entered a long period of decline. In the 14th century, North African traveler Ibn Betota wrote about his visit to Hajer, describing it as al-Yamama's main city, meza Hajer. Ibn Betota goes on to describe it as a city of canals and trees with most of its inhabitants belonging to Bunny Hanifa, and reports that he continued with their leader to Mecca to carry out Hajj. Hajj later separated into several separate settlements and property. The most prominent were Migrin (or Mokrin) and Mikkel, although the name Hajar continued to perform in local folk song. The earliest known reference to an area called Riyadh comes from a 17th-century historian reporting on an event since 1590. In 1737, Dham Ibn Dawes, a refugee from neighboring Manpawa, took over Riyadh. Ibn Dawas built one wall to bound the various oasis towns in the area, effectively making them one city. The name Riyadh, meaning gardens refers to the previous oasis towns. [5] Map of Riyadh's first Saudi state in 1922, Mohammed Ibn Abdul Wahab allied himself with Mohammed Ibn Saud, ruler of the nearby town of Diriyah. Ibn Saud then set out to occupy the surrounding area in order to bring it under the rule of one Islamic state. Ibn Dawas of Riyadh led the most determined resistance, allied with forces from Al Kharaj, al-Ahsa and the Bano Sea tribe in Najran. However, Ibn Dawas escaped and Riyadh The Saudis in 1774, which ended long years of wars and led to the declaration of the first Saudi state, with Diriyah as its capital. [4] The first Saudi state was destroyed by forces sent by Muhammad Ali of Egypt, acting on behalf of the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman forces destroyed the Saudi capital of Diriyah in 1818. [4] They held a garrison in Najd. This marked the deterioration of the House of Saud briefly. Turki bin Abdullah bin Mohammed became the first emir of the second Saudi state; Saud bin Saud's cousin ruled for 19 years until 1834, leading to the consolidation of the region, even though they were under the control of Muhammad Ali, viceroy of Egypt. In 1823, Turki Ibn Abdullah chose Riyadh as the new beer. After the assassination of Torquay in 1834, his eldest son Faisal killed the assassin and took over, refusing to be ruled by the Viceroy of Egypt. Najd was then invaded and Pisasal was taken prisoner and held in Cairo. However, when Egypt became independent in the Ottoman Empire, Faisal fled after five years in prison, returned to Najd and continued his rule, ruling until 1865 and pinning the rule of the House of Saud. [12] After Faisal's death, there was a rivalry between his sons that was exploited by Mohammed bin Rashid who took most of Najd, signed an agreement with the Ottomans, and also captured Hassa in 1871. In 1889, Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, Faisal's third son, again took over from Najd and Shetlat until 1891, after which control was regained by Mohammed bin Rashid. [12] Struggles between Turki's grandchildren led to the fall of the second Saudi state in 1891 by the rival Al Rashid tribe, which ruled from the northern city of Hull. Al-Masmak Fortress dates back to that period. Abdul Rahman bin Faisal al-Saud sought refuge among a tribal community on the outskirts of Najd and then went to Kuwait with his family and remained in exile. However, his son Abdulaziz restored his ancestral kingdom of Najd in 1902 and made his rule until 1926, further expanding his kingdom to cover much of the Arabian Peninsula. In September 1932, he named his Saudi arabian kingdom of Saudi Arabia with Riyadh as its capital. [7] King Abdulaziz died in 1953 and his son Saud took control of the entire succession rule established from father to son since Mohammed bin Saud established the Rule of Saud in 1744. However, that line of succession was broken when King Saud was replaced by his brother King Faisal in 1964. Faisal was replaced by his brother King Khalid in 1975. In 1982, King Fahd took the reins from his brother. This new line of succession is between the sons of King Abdulaziz who has 35 sons; This large family of Ibn Saud holds all the key positions in the Great Kingdom. [6] Modern history of the 1940s, Riyadh Patria M. A narrow, spatially isolated town for a spacious metropolis. When King Saud came to power, he modernized Riyadh, and began developing Ansaria, the royal residential quarter, in 1950. Following the example of American cities, new settlements and entire neighborhoods have been created in network programs, connected by high-capacity major roads to the inner regions. The network pattern in the city was introduced in 1953. Population growth in the city between 1974 and 1992 averaged 8.2% a year. The mayor is Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz. Ben Abdulaziz was appointed in 2019 by royal decree [15] and replaces Tariq bin Abdulaziz al-Faris. Riyadh is now the director, and to a large extent the kingdom's commercial center. According to the Saudi real estate partner, most of the country's largest companies are setting up a single headquarters or large office in the city. For this reason, there will be significant growth in high-rise developments in all areas of the city. The most prominent among these is King Abdullah Financial District which is fast becoming the city's main business centre. Riyadh also has the largest university in the world, Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University. According to the World Financial Centers Index, Riyadh was ranked 77th in 2016-2017. Although the rating has soared to 69 in 2018, diversification in the capital's economy is needed to avoid what the World Bank has called an oncoming poverty crisis as a result of ongoing oil prices and rich state benefits. [19] Since 2017, Riyadh has been a target of missiles from Yemen. In March 2018, one person was killed as a result of a missile attack. [21] The number of missiles targeting Riyadh is a fraction of the dozens fired from Yemen at Saudi Arabia due to the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen. [22] In April 2018, heavy gunfire was heard in Hozama; [23] This led to rumors of an attempted coup. [24] Panoramic views of Riyadh from the centre of the Kingdom geography climate Riyadh have a warm desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), with long, very hot short summers, very mild winters. The average high temperature in August is 43.6 °C (110.5 °F). The city experiences very little precipitation, especially in summer, but receives a fair amount of rain in March and April. It is also known to have dust storms during which the dust can be so thick that visibility is below 10 feet (33 feet). On April 1 and 2, 2015, a massive dust storm hit Riyadh, suspending schools in many area schools and cancelling hundreds of flights, both domestic and international. Climate data for Riyadh (1985-2010) January April May July July July October October Record of °C (°F) 31.5(88.7) 34.8(94.6) 38.8(8) 38.8() 94.6) 38.8 47.2(117.0) 47.0(118.4) 47.2(117.0) 48.0(118.4) 45.0(113.0) 41.0(105.8) 38.0(100.4) 31.0(87.8) 48.0(118.4) Average high °C (°F) 20.2(68.4) 23.4(74.1) 27.7(81.9) 33.4(92.1) 39.4(102.9) 42.5(108.5) 43.5(110.3) 43.6(110.5) 40.4(104.7) 35.3(95.5) 27.8(82.0) 22.2(72.0) 33.3(91.9) Daily mean °C (°F) 14.4(57.9) 17.3(63.1) 21.4(70.5) 26.9(80.4) 32.9(91.2) 35.7(96.3) 36.8(98.2) 36.7(98.1) 33.5(92.3) 28.4(83.1) 21.5(70.7) 16.3(61.3) 26.8(80.3) Average low °C (°F) 9.0(48.2) 11.2(52.2) 15.2(59.4) 20.4(68.7) 25.9(78.6) 28.0(82.4) 29.3(84.7) 29.2(84.6) 25.9(78.6) 21.2(70.2) 15.5(59.9) 10.6(51.1) 20.1(68.2) Record low °C (°F) −2.2(28.0) 0.5(32.9) 4.5(40.1) 11.0(51.8) 18.0(64.4) 21.1(70.0) 23.6(74.5) 22.7(72.9) 16.1(61.0) 14.0(57.2) 7.0(44.6) 1.4(34.5) −2.2(28.0) Average rainfall mm (inches) 11.9(0.47) 6.4(0.25) 21.0(0.83) 23.8(0.94) 4.9(0.19) 0.0(0.0) 0.0(0.0) 0.4(0.02) 0.0(0.0) 0.8(0.03) 8.7(0.34) 14.6(0.57) 92.5(3.64) 4.3 4.3 11.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 3.3 6.3 44.8 Average relative humidity (%) 287.7 28 226.6 219.6 219.8 219.8 242.3 287.7 328.2 332.1 219.8 242.3 328.2 326.1 219.8 287.7 328.2 332.1 219.8 219.8 287.7 328.2 332.1 219.8 219.8 2 87.7 328.2 332.1 219.8 219.8 287.7 328.2 332.1 219.8 219.8 242.3 2 271.6 3 11.4 269.2 214.3 3,224.8 per cent possible sunlight 63 71 59 63 70 80 80 77 74 87 82 65 72 Source: Jeddah Regional Climate Center Southwest Asia. [25] Satellite image of Riyadh King Fahd Rd Riyadh divided into 14 branch municipalities, in addition to the diplomatic quarter. Each branch municipality consists of several districts, totaling more than 130 in total, although some districts are divided between more than one branch municipality. The branch's municipalities are al-Shamisi, Irkaa, al-Mammarhar, al-Ullahiya, al-'Aziya, al-Malaz, al-Salai, Neymar, Al-Nuss, al-Shiifeh, al-Urayja, al-Beta, al-Ir, al-Radha, and al-Shil (the north). Olaya District is the commercial heart of the city, with accommodation, entertainment, food and shopping options. Central Kingdom, al-Pislea and al-Taliye Street are the region's most prominent landmarks. The city centre, al-Batha and al-Dhiye, is also the oldest part of it. Some of Riyadh's main provinces are: Al-Beth al-Dehdha (Old Riyadh) Mikael Manpoha Mpoha al-Jadida Mansura al-Margab Salam Jara al-Yamaha Utayega al-Ulayyah and Sulaimaniyah[29] Al-Ulayah al-Sulaimaniyah al-Izdhar King Fahd Al-Mas ااررراااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا اااااااا) District [28] Neymar Dharat Namar Toyak Hazem Dyrav Irakah[26] Diplomatic Quarter Irka al-Khazma Assessors Si Alisha Sia al-Nasriyeh um Salim al-Mather Um al-Hamam (East) al-Makhar[31] Al-Uliya al-Nakel King King Saud on the main campus of Um al-Hamam University (East) Um al-Hamam (West) al-Mather al-Shamali (North Mathhar) al-Rahmaniya al-Mohammadiya al- Ra'ad al-Ir. 26] Al-Khair al-Gharmiyeh 'Aurida al-'Aziziya[32] to Dar al-Gharnamiyeh Taybeh al-Mansuria al-Malaz[33] Al-Malaz al-Raveh al-Rayan Jarir al-Murabah al-Qashifa[34] Al-Masani al-Mayfa al-Mansuriyah al-Marwa al-'Oria[35] Al-'Urayya al-Raija al-Shija al-Man Oraija al-Westa (Mid-Orajah) al-'Auriyah (west) Isra Daharat Toben Hijarat bin a-Sawidi a-Sawidi (west) al- Badiya Darat al-Badiyah Sultana al-Shamal[36] Almaga al-Saha The main campus of al-Kirwan al-'Ahik al-'Ajadyk al-'Ajdir al-Nafil Imam Muhammad ibn Saud on the main campus of al-Kirwan al-Aikik al-'Ayed University Al-Nasim al-Nasim (east) al-Nasim (west) al-Salam al-Manar al-Rimaya al-Nadim al-Rab al-Rudha al-Qadisiya al-Mizlya al-Nahdha 1'Renata (Granada) Cortova ( Cordoba) al-Andalusia al-Qaeda al-Qaeda al-Salay[38] Al-Salay to Difa al-Iskan Kham al-Saada al-Fahd al-Manak King Abdullah King Abdullah Historical PopulationYearpop.±%1918 18,000— 1924 30,000+6 6.7%1944 50,000+66.7%1952 80,000+60.0%1960 150,000+87.5%1972 500,000+233.3%1978 76 0,000+52.0%1987 1,387 1,38 9,000+82.8%1992 2,776,000+99.9%1997 3,100,000+11.7%2009 4,873,723+57.2%2013 5,899,5 28+21.0%2016 6,506,700+10.3%2017 7,676,654+18.0%Source Census data in the city had a population of 40,000 in 1935 and 83,000 in 1949. The city experienced a very high rate of population growth, from 150,000 in the 1960s to more than seven million, according to the latest sources. As of 2017, Riyadh has a population of 64.19% Saudis, while non-Saudis make up 35.81% of the population. Indians are the largest minority population with 13.7%, followed by Pakistanis with 12.4%. [40] Ancient Riyadh landmarks and architecture The old city of Riyadh within the city walls did not exceed 1 kemer area, so very few significant architectural relics of the original walled oasis town of Riyadh exist today. The most prominent of these is the Masmack Fortress and some parts of the original wall structure with its hair restored and restored. There are also a number of traditional mud brick houses within these old borders, but they are mostly dilapidated. Expansion outside the city walls was slow to begin with, though there were some smaller oases and settlements around Riyadh. The first major construction beyond the walls was King Abdulaziz's Muraba Palace. Built in 1936, it was completed in 1938, and a household of 800 people moved in in 1938. The palace is now part of a larger complex called the King Abdulaziz Historical Center. The area around traditional Riyadh has other traditional villages and towns, where urban sprawl has reached and includes. These include Diriyah, Manpoa and Wadi Ben. Unlike in the early days of development in Riyadh, during which buildings were demolished in the ground without consideration, there is a new appreciation for traditional architecture. The Saudi Commission on Tourism and National Heritage is making efforts to revive historic architecture in Riyadh and other parts of the kingdom. The Ein Hit Cave cave has an underground lake (150 meters deep) located opposite al-Ju bale mountain in Wadi Es Soleil in a small village called Hit in Riyadh. Between Riyadh and Al Kharaj Road, it is one of the easily accessible caves in the Riyadh area. Archaeological Sites The archaeological sites in Riyadh of historical significance involving riyadh municipality are the five old gates on riyadh's old walls. These are the eastern gate of Toomira, the northern gate of al-Sawaylan, the southern gate of Dokana, the western gate of al-Madaba and the southwest gate of Shumasi. There are also four historic palaces: Mossmak Palace, Murabba Palace (King Abdulaziz Palace), Attica Palace (belongs to Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman) and Al Shamsiya Palace (belongs to Sad al-Tomb). [42] Turaif District The Turaif District is another important archaeological site listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 31, 2010. [43] It was founded in the 15th century in the architectural style of Najdy. [45] There are several historic palaces and monuments in the al-Turaief district that include: Salva Palace, Saad bin Saud Palace, The Guest House and a-Turaief Mosque, and Imam Mohammed bin Saud Mosque. [46] Masmak Fortress Masmak Main Article: Masmak Fortress This fortress was built around 1865 under Mohammed Ibn Abdullah Ibn Rashid (1289-1315 AH), ruler of the Eyal to the north, who ruled the city from the rival tribe of Al Saud. In January 1902, Ibn Saud, who lived in exile in Kuwait, managed to capture the Masmak fortress from the Rashid garrison. The event, which regained Saudi control of Riyadh, has acquired an almost myth mythy status in Saudi Arabia's history. The story of the event is often told, and has as its central theme the bravery and bravery of King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud. Masmak Fortress is now a museum and is in close proximity to Clock Tower Square, also known to English-speaking residents as Chop Chop Square, with regard to the death penalty that takes place there. Contemporary Architecture Center Kingdom Main Value: Kingdom Centre was designed by the team of Elerbee Beckett and Omrania, the tower is built on 94,230 square feet of land. The kingdom's center is owned by a group of companies, including Kingdom Holding Company, headed by Al-Waleed bin Talal, prince of the Saudi royal family, and is the headquarters of the holding company. The project cost 2 billion Saudi riyals and the contract was carried out by al-Sayyaf. Central Kingdom is the winner of the 2002 Emporis Skyscraper Award, chosen as the best new skyscraper of Change to formatting and functionality. A three-level shopping centre, which has also won a major design award, fills the east wing. The large opening is illuminated at night in ever-changing colors. The shopping centre has a separate floor for women only to buy where men are not allowed in. The Kingdom Tower has 99 floors and is the third tallest building in the country (behind the Macca Royale Clock Tower Hotel in Mecca Burj Raphael in Riyadh), costing 300m. A special aspect of the tower is that it is divided into two parts in the final third of its height and is linked by a sea bridge, which provides stunning views of Riyadh. Burj Rafal Hotel Kempinski is riyadh's tallest skyscraper at an altitude of 307.9 metres. The tower was designed and engineered by P&T Group. is the third tallest skyscraper built in Saudi Arabia (ررر اااررر :Construction began in 2010 and was completed in 2014. The project is considered a success, with 70% of the housing units already sold by the time 20% of the sky units have been sold. The tower consists of 474 residential units and the 349-room Kempinski Hotel. Burj Al Faisaliyah Center Al Faisaliyah Center (Arabic and is the third tallest building in Riyadh after the Burj Raphael and central Realm. The golden ball found on top of the tower is said to be inspired by a ballpoint pen, and contains a restaurant; Immediately below this is an outdoor viewing deck. There is a shopping centre with large global brands on the ground floor. The centre of El Piselia also features a hotel on both sides of the tower, while the main building is populated by an office. El Faisalliy Tower has 44 floors. It was designed by Foster & Co. Riyadh TV Tower Main Article: Riyadh TV Tower TV Tower Riyadh is a 170 meter high TV tower located within the territory of the Saudi Ministry of Information. It is a vertical cantilever structure built between 1978 and 1981. The first film made in 1983 by the Television Tower Group and named 1,000 nights and night was Mohammed Abdo and Talal Meda as the main characters. During this period, there were no women on television because of religious restrictions. Three years later, Abdul Khalek al-Gahman produced a television series called Tash Ma Tash, which received a good response from audiences in Arab countries in the Persian Gulf. This series created a media revolution in the 1980s. [49] Museums and collections in 1999, a new central museum was built in Riyadh, on the eastern side of the Abdulaziz historical center. Saudi Arabia's National Museum has combined several collections and works that have so far been scattered across several institutions and elsewhere in Riyadh and the kingdom. For example, the meteorite fragment known as A hump, recovered in 1966 from the Webber site, was exhibited at King Saud University in Riyadh and became the new entry pin of Saudi Arabia's National Museum. The Royal Saudi Air Force Museum, or Al Jazeera Survey, is located on Riyadh's eastern ring road between exits 10 and 11. It contains a collection of aircraft and aviation-related items used by the Royal Saudi Air Force and Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia Airlines). King Fahd Sport International Football Stadium is the most popular sport in Saudi Arabia. The city hosts four major football clubs, Al Hilal was established in 1957 and won 15 championships in the Saudi Professional League. Al-Nasr is another major league team that has many supporters across the kingdom. It was founded in 1955 and has been awarded the title of 7[51] times. [52] [53] Another well-known club, Al-Shabaab, was established in 1947 and holds six championships. There is also the Al-Riyadh Club, established in 1954, as well as many other smaller clubs. The city also has a number of large stadiums such as the King Fahd International Stadium with a seating capacity of 70,000. The stadium hosted the Fifa Confederations Cup three times, in 1992, 1995 and 1997. It also hosted the 1989 Fifa World Cup and the Prince Faisal bin Fahd Stadium (Al-Melz Stadium) which is mainly used for football matches. The stadium can accommodate 22,500 people. The city's GPYW indoor stadium served as the host arena for the 1997 Asian Basketball Championship, where Saudi Arabia's national basketball team arrived at the Final Four. On February 29, 2020, the world's richest thoroughbred race will be held at The King Abdulaziz Racecourse in Riyadh. The Saudi Cup is a new race for four-year-old thoroughbreds and ups, which will be run in weight terms for ages over 1800m (9f). The prize money is £20m with a prize of £10m for the winner and a prize money up to 10th place. The Saudi Cup is perfectly placed between the Pegasus World Cup and the Dubai World Cup to attract the best horses from around the world to compete for the richest horse racing prize. Putting the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on the international horse racing map, the Saudi Cup will also hold an undercard of international races both on dirt and on the new turf track. On April 26, 2020, Saudi Arabia entered the bidding process for the 2030 Asian Games, where the main rival for this event is Doha, Qatar. Saudi Arabia's ERJ-170 Airport in Riyadh King Khalid International Airport And Riyadh Air Air King Khalid International Airport (KKIA), located 35 km north of the city centre, is the city's main airport, serving over 17 million passengers a year. [55] Plans to expand the airport to accommodate 35 million passengers, given that the airport was built for only 12 million passengers A new airport is possible on the table. It is one of the largest airports in the world by land area. City roads are served by a modern main road system. The main eastern ring road connects the south and north of the city, while the northern ring road connects the east and west of the city. The King Fahd Road passes through the city centre from north to south, parallel to the eastern ring road. Mecca Road, which travels from east to west in the city centre, connects eastern parts of the city with the city's CBD and diplomatic quarters. Railways & Metro The Saudi Railways Organization operates two separate passenger and cargo lines between Riyadh and Thamam, which pass through the bent and anxious. Two future rail projects connecting Riyadh with Jeddah and Mecham in the western region connect Riyadh with Borida, Hash-Il and northern Saudi Arabia are underway. There is also a metro station, with six lines under construction with an opening scheduled in 2020. [58] Metro system buses will be combined with a network of 85 km (53 miles), a network of three bus rapid transit (BRT) lines. The kingdom's main bus company, known as the Saudi Public Transport Company (SAPTCO), offers trips to both within the kingdom and its neighboring countries, including Egypt (via ferries from Sapga or Nueibe) and Arab countries in the Persian Gulf. [60] Media should be updated in this section. Please update this article to reflect recent events or new available information. (August 2020) The 170-meter-high Riyadh TELEVISION Tower was built between 1978 and 1981. Saudi National TV Channels TV1, Saudi TV2, Saudi Sports TV, Al-Ekhbariya, network art channels are operating from here. [61] Television broadcasts are mainly in Arabic, although some radio broadcasts are in English or French. Arabic is the main language used in television and radio, but radio broadcasts are also produced in different languages such as Urdu, French or English. Riyadh has four Arabic newspapers; Ashrak Al-Awsat (owned by the city's governor), Al Riyadh, Al Jazeera and al-Wooten, two English-language newspapers; Saudi Gazette and Arabic News, and one Malayalam-language newspaper, Madayam Bay. In 2019, King Salman launched a plan to implement 1281[62] development projects in Riyadh. The project is scheduled to cost about $22 billion. The main goal of the plan is to improve infrastructure, transport, the environment and other facilities in Riyadh and the environment. As part of Saudi Vision 2030, the plan will deal with the construction of 15 residential units, the construction of a huge museum, the establishment of an environmental project, sports areas, medical cities, educational institutions and more. [63] This includes the construction of 14 electricity projects,[64] 20 sewage 10 housing areas, 66 commercial and industrial areas, several lakes spanning 315,000 bitter and advanced sports citys. Alongside the development project and to improve the city's artistic movement, 1,000 works of art are planned to be displayed in the city by the end of 2030. As part of Riyadh's development projects, a sum of $604 million was awarded for the development and construction of roads in Riyadh. On July 3, 2020, Bloomberg reported that Saudi Arabia had allocated $20 billion on the tourism and cultural mega-project in Riyadh, namely The Deria Gate, dealing with a double economic crisis after an increase in coronavirus cases. [67] Jenadriyah Jenadriyah Events and Festivals is an annual festival held in Riyadh. It hosts a number of cultural and traditional events, such as camel racing, poetry reading and more. The Riyadh International Book Fair is one of the largest book fairs in the MENA region. It usually takes place between March and April and hosts a wide range of Saudi, Arab and international molods. Riyadh's season As part of the recent Saudi effort to promote tourism in the country, Riyadh's season took place as ااررررر program was launched ا015 ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ رررررر اin 2015, the 2015 015 ﻋﻠﻰ ,in 2015 ﻋﻠﻰ ,in 2007 ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ,part of the Saudi Seasons Initiative. The season took place in October 2019 and lasted until December 2019. It hosted a wide range of sports, musical, theatrical, fashion shows, circus and various other entertainment activities. [70] Referrals in 2009 -the Riyadh Development Authority. December 8, 2018. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2018, the 2018 edition of the 2018 edition took place. www.e ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .ااررااااااااااااااااااااااااااررررراااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااا 4, 2019 unwto.org 2018. Doi: 10.18111/9789284419876. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2013, Sybarievsky's 2013 gymnasmal program was held. In 1993, he resigned as CEO. In 1990, the company's theay program was held in 1990. In 1992, the company's theay program was held in 1992, in which the title of Casey was awarded. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, LibGuides: A Guide to Saudi Arabia's Politics: 1.The Government of Saudi Arabia. slulibrary.saintleo.edu July 25, 2020. In 2016, the GaWC was held in 2016, prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz was appointed mayor of Riyadh by royal decree. Arabic news. November 26, 2019. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2012 took place in 2012, p. 99. In 1990, the company's theay program was held in 1990. In 2008, Saudi Arabia's consultable program was implemented in 2008. Oxford Business Group. 2008 p. 208. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2008, in 2008, he resigned as ceo of the company. Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz was appointed mayor of Riyadh by royal decree. Arabic news. November 27, 2019. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. WILLIAMS, A.D. (April 4, 2016). Saudi Real Estate Companion: Essential real estate skills for the Arab market. Butango. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Interserve MENA Chief Hopes for Growth of Saudi FM | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Saudi Open World's Largest Women's University. January 17, 2012, January 17, 2012. Saudi Arabia stumbled in its efforts to build a global financial center. Cnbc. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Bernard, Anna (November 4, 2017). The Saudis intercept missiles fired from Yemen that approached Riyadh. The New York Times. United States. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ a Yemeni rebel ballistic missile targeting Riyadh was intercepted, Saudi forces say. CBS News. United States. Associated Press. April 11, 2018. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the mandate to assemble the government, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu resigned. Al Jazeera. Qatar. March 26, 2018. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after the company resigned as Saudi prime minister, resigned as the company's ceo. Fox News. United States. Associated Press. May 9, 2018. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Al Jazeera. April 21, 2018. On May 23, 2018, May 23, 2018, May 23, 2018, On May 23, 2018, Morris, Lawoodii (May 21, 2018). After a rare shooting in the Saudi capital, officials say they dropped cement of Hee. On May 23, 2018, May 23, 2018, May 23, 2018, May 23, 2018, May 23, 2018, in Kalin, Stephen (April 21, 2018). Saudi security fires a recreational drone near the Royal Palace. Reuters. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Mark, Michelle (April 22, 2018). Confusion erupts after a 'small man's-type' bone was apparently knocked down near the King's Palace in Saudi Arabia. Business Insider. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Saudi dismisses rumors of an attempted coup. The National. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Saudi says the Latte Tuthal drone was shot down in the capital Riyadh. The New York Times. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. PMS. On March 4, 2016, on March 4, 2016, he edited March 4, 2016. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Prize in Economics in the Economic East, a brief was limited. 2004 p. 4. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Prize by Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ After receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh's municipal government. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2008, in 2008, he resigned as ceo of the company. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Saudi Arabia - the Interior Ministry. At 5:27 p.m., 27, cell 19, 19. May 25, 2019, May 25, 2019, May 25, 2019. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. scta.gov.sa 1990, p. 22. The center, which has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A-Turaif Bad-Deria District. UNESCO World Heritage Center. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. www.sauditourism.sa^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Arabic news. December 11, 2018. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. www.worldheritagesite.org May 5, 2019. In 2011, Jordan's theoe program was held in 2011. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The center of the skyscraper. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Structurae.net on January 19, 2014. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Soccerway.com^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2015, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Ø§Ù.84 ^ Al-Nassr FC - Facts and Data Check |url = Value (Help). _. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. eyeofriyadh.com September 15, 2020. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Riyadh.com^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2008, after the company took place in 2008, was founded in 2008 and has cost $35 million. Arabic news. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2004, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In 2014, the Maccabi Medina railway took place. Arabic news. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. International Gazette Nobel Peace Prize. saptco.com.sa 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ Train. August 3, 2012. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Four concepts meet prerequisites for Riyadh's metro contract. The train gazette. In 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded Prize. Riyadh.com^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2015, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. english.alarabiya.net^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2015, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Arabic news. February 13, 2019. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2020, in 2020, he resigned as ceo of the company, after stepping down as ceo. Wiley - ISTE. (Energy series) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Arabic news. April 28, 2019. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the value of the contracts awarded increased to $SR48.9 billion in the first quarter of 2019. Saudi Gazette. May 24, 2019. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2006, after being named world champion, the company held about $20 billion. Bloomberg. In 2006, after winning the 2006 World Championship, he became CEO after stepping down as ceo. To Arabia. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ in 2019, the company has held more than 900 publishing houses in 2019. Ashrak al-Evest. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ on October 11, the Riyadh season took place. Saudi Gazette. July 13, 2019. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ bibliography also saw: A Bibliography of the History of riyadh madness, Joshua (2009). Kingdom: Saudi Arabia and the challenge of the 21st century. Hearst Press. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Capital cities around the world: an encyclopedia of geography, history and culture. ABCClao, the beginning of the ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ city: tradition, modernity and urban development. Rutledge, what are you doing here? ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 10^ Riyadh, Old City: from its origins to the 1950s. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Modernity and Tradition: The Saudi Equation. Rutledge, what are you doing here? In 2015, after ISBN 978-0-7103-0395-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Ham, Anthony (2004). Saudi Arabia. Lonely Planet. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Alan Noble; Frank Costa (February 1993). The impact of planning on growth and development in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 1970-1990. Journal. 29. Lamp, Pascal (2014). Ride in Riyadh: oil, urbanism and road rebellion. Cambridge University Press. Jordan, Craig (2011). Wandering Triathlete: A medium-adult man's journey to fitness. Writers' House. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^> Anderson, Sean K. (August 3, 2009). Historical dictionary of terrorism. Scarecov press. ISBN 978-0-8108- 6311-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) Sonbool, Amira (29 March 2012). Women in the Gulf (English. Bloomsbury Qatar Publishing Foundation. ISBN 978-99921-94-84-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) External wikimedia commons links have Media Related to Riyadh. Official Riyadh travel guide website from Wikiboj Saudi Arabia portal retrieved from

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