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Stanley P. Schweinfurth,1 Peter C. Mory 2 Robert B. Ross, Jr.,2 and Paul T

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Stanley P. Schweinfurth,1 Peter C. Mory 2 Robert B. Ross, Jr.,2 and Paul T DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP MF-1288-D UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE SIPSEY WILDERNESS AND ADDITIONS, LAWRENCE AND WINSTON COUNTIES, ALABAMA By Stanley P. Schweinfurth,1 Peter C. Mory 2 Robert B. Ross, Jr.,2 and Paul T. Behum2 1 U.S. Geological Survey 2 U.S. Bureau of Mines STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS Oil and (or) natural gas production may be possible if suitable structural traps exist in the subsurface. Small Under the provisions of the Wilderness Act (Public Law amounts of asphaltic sandstone and limestone, commonly 88-577, September 3, 1964) and the Joint Conference Report referred to as "tar sands", may also occur in the subsurface. on Senate Bill 4, 88th Congress, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines have been conducting mineral INTRODUCTION surveys of wilderness and primitive areas. Areas officially designated as "wilderness," "wild," or "canoe" when the act The Sipsey Wilderness and additions are accessible via was passed were incorporated into the National Wilderness State Route 33 from either Moulton, in Lawrence County, or Preservation System, and some of them are presently being Double Springs, in Winston County, or from Haleyville via studied. The act provided that areas under consideration for State Route 195 and Cranal Road. Altitudes of the plateau wilderness designation should be studied for suitability for surface in the study area range from about 1,050 ft along the incorporation into the Wilderness System. The mineral northern boundary to about 880 ft along Cranal Road, which surveys constitute one aspect of the suitability studies. The marks the southern boundary of the area. Topographic relief act directs that the results of such surveys are to be made averages approximately 400 ft throughout the study area. available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report discusses the results of a mineral Past Investigations survey of the Sipsey Wilderness and additions, William B. Bankhead National Forest, Lawrence and Winston Counties, The earliest geologic investigation of the study area Alabama. The Sipsey Wilderness was established by Public and vicinity largely pertained to coal. Historical information Law 93-622, January 3,1975. The Sipsey Addition (08068) and concerning coal mining and locations of mines, prospects, and Borden Creek (08208) roadless areas were classified as exposures is contained in two reports by McCalley (1886 and proposed wilderness areas, and the Thompson Creek (08206), 1891). Reconnaissance coal investigations in northern Hagood Creek (08207), Montgomery-Borden Creek (08209), Alabama were conducted by Vestal and Mellen (1936) for the Brushy Fork (08210), and Rabbittown Addition (08211) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). During this TVA study roadless areas were classified as further planning areas during coal mines on Penitentiary Mountain (1.5 mi north of the the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) study area) were examined, and an attempt was made to by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979 (fig. 1). locate other coal exposures reported by McCalley (1891), but with little success. Also examined and described were SUMMARY exposures of a coal bed called the Bear Creek bed, and four mines in this bed within 3 mi west and southwest of the study The combined Sipsey Wilderness and seven roadless area. areas, hereinafter called the study area, comprise 42,370 The Bear Creek bed in the Pottsville Formation and acres in the William B. Bankhead National Forest, Lawrence several other coal beds in the underlying Parkwood Formation and Winston Counties, Alabama. These tracts are about 14 mi of the Warrior coal field were briefly discussed by Culbertson south-southwest of Moulton, Ala., the county seat of (1964, p. B20-21). Lawrence County. The U.S. Government owns about 95 Summary information on the geology and mineral percent of the surface and mineral rights in the study area. resources of the Bee Branch Area, a designated scenic area The study area is in the Cumberland Plateau section of the that is now part of the Sipsey Wilderness, as well as a Appalachian Plateaus physiographic province and is near the geologic map at a scale of about 1:127,000, are contained in northern edge of the Warrior coal field. an administrative report by Smith (1971). Similar information The study area is deemed to have a low economic was provided in an administrative report by Bennett (1978) for potential for mineral resources. Limestone, shale, and the Sipsey River Corridor, which lies partly within the Sipsey sandstone are the principal mineral resources; no potential Wilderness. This report contains a geologic map at a scale of was found for metallic minerals. Limestone has been 1:24,000. quarried by the Forest Service for road metal and A gravity survey of Winston County (Clements and construction material. Possible uses for shale include Sandy, 1970) includes the southern parts of the Sipsey structural products and expanded lightweight aggregate. The Wilderness and the Sipsey Addition, and all of the Rabbittown sandstone may be suitable for silica, construction sand, and Addition (fig. 1). In 1972 the Geological Survey of Alabama dimension stone. published a summary report on the mineral, water, and energy A small amount of coal has been identified in thin, resources of Winston County (Smith, 1972). nonpersistent beds. Several beds have been mined locally for domestic and blacksmithing use, but present economic Present Investigations potential for coal in the study area is considered to be very low. Resources are estimated to total about 727,000 short U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigations were tons. However, none of this coal exceeds 28 in. in thickness, conducted by Stanley P. Schweinfurth, Virgil A. Trent, and and therefore does not constitute a resource from which a Edward D. Helton in the fall of 1978 and the spring of 1979. reserve base can be estimated for the study area. Stratigraphic sections and coal beds were measured, altitudes Reserve base includes beds of bituminous coal 28 in. or more thick that occur at depths to 1,000 ft (U.S. Bureau of Mines and U.S. Geological Survey, 1976). The reserve base includes coal from only the measured and indicated categories of reliability. 87° 08'30' r I s \ _S 87° 08'30" \ 34° \ I X \ 87° 30' \ \ ALABAMA \ LAWRENCE COUNTY 34° 30' Moulton r l 40 80 Miles L. S-208 ________J EXPLAHATION / \ WILDERNESS AREA -068 \ NF-077 Sipsey Wilderness Cranal s^ Road (3J) PROPOSED WILDERNESS AREAS 8-068 Sipsey Addition 8-208 Borden Creek WINSTON COUNTY Double Springs., FURTHER PLANNING AREAS 8-206 Thompson Creek 8-207 Hagood Creek ^ 10 Miles 8-209 Montgomery-Borden Creek 10 Kilometers 8-210 Brushy Fork 8-211 Rabbittown Addition [22 Excluded from Further l Planning Area 8-206 Figure 1.- Index map showing the Sipsey Wilderness and additions. Individual tracts are designated by their Forest Service numbers. of individual stratigraphic units, mines, and prospects were limestone assigned to the Bangor Limestone of Late determined with an altimeter, and mappable units and Mississippian age. This unit crops out principally in stream geologic structure were delineated in and adjacent to the valleys in the east-central part of the study area. The Bangor study area (Schweinfurth and others, 1981). Andrew E. Grosz, Limestone is also exposed in the headwaters of streams assisted by P. G. Schruben, R. M. Turner, and W. H. Wright, draining the western part of the area. Overlying rocks of the Jr., conducted geochemical investigations in November 1978 Parkwood and Pottsville Formations of late Early and April 1979. A total of 53 representative rock samples and Pennsylvanian age consist of interbedded, coarse- to fine­ 271 bulk stream-sediment samples were collected. These grained, clastic continental and marine sedimentary rocks. samples were analyzed for as many as 36 elements, including The Parkwood Formation crops out along valley walls of the the common metals having the greatest economic importance area and the Pottsville Formation forms the upland (Grosz, 1981; Siems and others, 1981). Boyd R. Haley throughout the study area. Unmapped deposits of locally performed an evaluation of the oil, natural gas, and "tar sand" derived colluvium mantle much of the valley walls. Alluvium, potential of the study area in September 1981 (Haley, 1981). consisting of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, gravel, and large U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) field reconnaissance was boulders, lies along the valley floors. conducted by Peter C. Mory, Robert B. Ross, Jr., and Paul T. The Bangor Limestone is separated from the overlying Behum, with the assistance of Bruce E. Potoka and Thomas Parkwood Formation by an erosional unconformity, which M. Crandall, in the fall of 1978 and the spring and summer of may be angular in the eastern third of the study area. The 1979. Forty-five channel, chip, and grab samples of rock and Parkwood in turn is separated from the overlying Pottsville eight samples of coal were collected in and near the study Formation by an erosional unconformity that is angular in the area. Rock samples were analyzed spectrographically for 40 eastern third of the area (Schweinfurth and others, 1981). The elements by the USBM, Reno Research Center, Reno, Nev. Parkwood contains a few thin, nonpersistent coal beds. Atomic-absorption, radiometric, chemical, and petrographic The strata of the western part of the study area dip to analyses were also performed on selected samples. Clay and the south at an average rate of about 55 ft per mi. The shale samples were evaluated for ceramic and bloating structural configuration of the eastern part of the area is properties by the USBM, Tuscaloosa Research Center, dominated by a low-relief, southward-plunging structural Tuscaloosa, Ala. Road-abrasion and polish tests were nose.
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