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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Monograph

The birds of Kurdistan Province, western Iran

Fatah Zarei, Seyed Naseh Hosseini, Ridha Hassan Hussein, Jalal Pezeshk, Mariwan Rahim & Loghman Maleki

11 December 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 14 | Pages: 12859–12906 10.11609/jot.4235.10.14.12859-12906

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906

The birds of Kurdistan Province, western Iran Monograph

Fatah Zarei 1 , Seyed Naseh Hosseini 2 , Ridha Hassan Hussein 3 , Jalal Pezeshk 4 , 5 6 Mariwan Rahim & Loghman Maleki ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Zoology Secton, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran 2,4 Zarivar Bird Records Group Bureau, Chya Green Associaton, Marivan 6671915640, Iran 2 Kurdistan Provincial Representatves, Iran Bird Records Commitee (IBRC), Tehran, Iran OPEN ACCESS 3 Department of Biology, School of Science, University of Sulaimani, As Sulaymaniyah, P.O.Box 334 Sulaimani, Iraq 5 Sulaimani Directorate of Environment, As Sulaymaniyah, Iraq 6 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected], 5 [email protected], 6 [email protected]

Abstract: A checklist of the birds of Kurdistan Province, western Iran, is presented based on records of avian species whose presence was confrmed in the area as a result of feld surveys conducted from 2010 to 2018, literature review, and personal communicatons from researchers. This editon of the checklist includes 310 species of 23 orders and 59 families. Accepted English names, scientfc names, authority, remarks on taxonomy, status, habitat, vernacular names in Kurdish, and conservaton status pertaining to the birds of this region are given. Our work comprises the frst ornithological document to cover all the bird species recorded to date in this province.

Keywords: Avifauna, checklist, conservaton, habitat, status, taxonomy.

Kurdish abstract: puxte: lîst pêdaçuneweyi ballindekanî nawçeyi kurdistanî rojawayi êran leserbinemayi tomarî ew core ballindaneyi ke le nawçekeda çespênrawe xiraweterrû, em tomaraneş le encamî rupêwî kêllgeyî le nêwan sallanî 2010-2018 kokrawetewe, kokrdineweyi zaniyarî le billawkrawekan û herweha ew peywendiye kesiyaneyi ke legell twêjerekanda hebuwe. lem çapeda 310 corballinde keser be 23 pol û 59 xêzanin xiraweterrû. le polênikrdinekeda; nawî înglîzî, nawî zanist, nawî danerekan, bariyan, nşîngeyan, nawekaniyan be zimanî dayk (kurdî) û herweha barî parêzirawyan ke bestrawetewe bew ballindaneyi ke lem nawçeyedaye baskrawe. karekeyi ême yekemîn bellgenameyi ballindenasîye, hemû ew core ballindane degrêtewe ke ta emirro le nawçekeda tomarkrawn.

klîlewşe: ballindekanî nawçeyek, lîst pêdaçunewe, parêziraw, nşînge, bar, polêninasî.

DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4235.10.14.12859-12906 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:80949A3C-2352-4295-98F8-D2020124BE4A

Editor: Reuven Yosef, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel. Date of publicaton: 11 December 2018 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # 4235 | Received 04 May 2018 | Final received 14 October 2018 | Finally accepted 29 October 2018

Citaton: Zarei, F., S.N. Hosseini, R.H. Hussein, J. Pezeshk, M. Rahim & L. Maleki (2018). The birds of Kurdistan Province, western Iran. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(14): 12859–12906; htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4235.10.14.12859-12906

Copyright: © Zarei et al. 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Chya Green Associaton.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Author Details: Fatah Zarei is currently a PhD student of Systematc Zoology at Shiraz University. He has completed his MSc in Molecular Systematcs at Shahid Behesht University of Tehran. The general area of his interest is Molecular Ecology and Phylogeography, but he has been studying the diversity and distributon of birds of Kurdistan for several years. Seyed Naseh Hosseini is a professional birdwatcher at Chya Green Associaton and the provincial representatve of Kurdistan at Iran Bird Records Commitee (IBRC). Dr. Ridha Hassan Hussein is an Assistant Professor of Zoology at University of Sulaimani, and currently, the president of university. Jalal Pezeshk is a local birdwatcher and wildlife photographer at Chya Green Associaton. Mariwan Rahim received his MSc degree in Applied Ecology and Conservaton from University of East Anglia, UK. Currently, he is an ecologist and wildlife expert at Sulaimani Directorate of Environment. Dr. Loghman Maleki is an Assistant Professor of Systematc Zoology at University of Kurdistan.

Author Contributon: FZ conceived and designed the work. FZ, SNH, JP, MR and LM conducted feld surveys and data collecton. FZ led the writng of the manuscript with inputs from RHH, MR and LM. All the authors equally contributed in refning the manuscript drafs and approved the fnal version.

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Heidar Veisi from Kurdistan Provincial Ofce of the Department of the Environment for providing facilites for sampling and accessibility to the study area. We would also like to thank Sherko Kanisanani and Namegh Khodayar for their help during the feldwork.

12859 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

INTRODUCTION Abdolrazaq, Bijar, and Badr & Parishan; Fig. 1) and one wildlife refuge (Zarivar Wildlife Refuge; Image 5). Zarivar Many internatonal and Iranian ornithologists Lake (or Zarivar Wetland; 35.900N & 46.200E), located investgated the avifauna of Iran over the past two in the west of the province, is an important bird area centuries (Khaleghizadeh 2007; Roselaar & Aliabadian (IBA; Evans 1994) and a wetland with internatonal 2007). As a result, a total of 551 bird species from importance in the Middle East (Scot 1995). 26 orders and 84 families was recorded from Iran (Khaleghizadeh et al. 2017b). While the avifauna Study method of the southern Caspian region and northwestern, In the present paper, only those species whose northeastern, and southern regions of Iran was well presence was confrmed in Kurdistan Province via feld covered in these studies, that of some provinces in the surveys in the western half of the province from 2010 west was scantly covered ( Roselaar & Aliabadian 2007; to 2018, literature review (Scot et al. 1975; Mansoori Khaleghizadeh et al. 2011). 2013; Kaboli et al. 2016; Khaleghizadeh et al. 2017a,b; Situated in western Iran, Kurdistan Province supports Zarei et al. 2017, 2018, in press; IBRC 2018), mid-winter a signifcant number of bird species, especially some waterbirds census data (DOE MWWC Data 2018), and globally threatened species. While the herpetofauna personal communicatons with local ornithologists are (Rastegar-Pouyani et al. 2009; Rastegar-Pouyani 2011; listed. Bahmani et al. 2012, 2014) and ichthyofauna (Esmaeili The birds were observed through a Swarovski ATX/ et al. 2011, 2017; Imanpour-Namin et al. 2015; Zarei STX spotng scope and a Beileshi 10×50 396FT/1000YDS & Rajabi-Maham 2017; Sadeghi et al. in press) of this sports military optcs binoculars. Images were taken province were well studied, no comprehensive survey using a Canon EOS 70D camera equipped with a Canon of its avifauna was published yet. The great habitat 100–400 mm f/4.5–5.6 L IS lens. diversity of this province highlights the need for The classifcaton followed here was based on the ornithological studies. Herein we present a revised and IOC World Bird List 2017. In our taxonomic list, we up-to-date checklist of its bird species with notes on frst menton orders and families, then species. For their taxonomy, status, habitat, and conservaton. each species, we present the scientfc name, authority, English name, Kurdish name, status, habitat, IUCN and CITES categories, and the status of each species under MATERIALS AND METHODS Iran’s Environmental Laws (Parliamentary Afairs 2000). In remarks, whatever informaton available on the Study area confrmed and hypothetcal subspecies pertaining to the Kurdistan Province is located on the western edge birds of Kurdistan Province and nearby regions are given of the Iranian plateau (total area 28,203km2, between (extracted from Kaboli et al. 2016; Khaleghizadeh et al. 34.73–36.50 0N and 45.51–48.26 0E), sharing its northern 2017a). border with the Western Azerbaijan Province, the southern border with Kermanshah Province, the western Habitat type border with Iraqi Kurdistan region, and the eastern The bird species occupied 15 habitat types in border with Zanjan and Hamedan provinces (Fig. 1). Kurdistan Province and were used in this checklist The alttude ranges from 900m to 3,390m. The annual following habitat types represented by Kaboli et al. precipitaton ranges from 400mm in the eastern and (2016): central highlands (Images 1 & 2) to more than 800mm (1) sparsely wooded meadows, (2) steppes, (3) dense in the western mountainous areas (Image 3; Ghasriani forests and woodlands, (4) mountain brooks and rivers, 1998). It maintains a rich fora (2,110 species in 113 (5) short bush and thorn scrub, (6) forest and woodland families and 629 genera or about 25% of plant species fringes, (7) dense bushlands, (8) wetlands, (9) boulder- recorded throughout the country; Marouf 2012). It is strewn mountains, (10) semi-deserts, (11) human placed in the middle of the Irano-Anatolia biodiversity setlements (cites & villages), (12) open landscapes hotspot and includes a variety of mountainous habitats (meadows, plains & moorlands), (13) mountains, (14) with Persian Oak Quercus branti forests (Image 3), lakes and rivers, and (15) sparse woodlands. numerous artfcial and natural water bodies (Images 4 & 5), and meadows with cold Mediterranean climate. It possesses four protected areas (namely, Shahu-Kusalan,

12860 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

Figure 1. Map of Kurdistan Province, western Iran: 1 - Zarivar Wildlife Refuge, 2 - Shahu-Kusalan Protected Area, 3 - Abdolrazaq Protected Area, 4 - Bijar Protected Area, 5 - Badr & Parishan Protected Area

Image 1. East of Kurdistan Province, © Y. Bakhshi western Iran.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12861 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

Image 2. Central highlands of Kurdistan © F. Zarei Province, western Iran.

Image 3. Oak forests in the west of © G. Sayyadzadeh Kurdistan Province, western Iran.

Status populaton are sedentary, i.e., remain in or reasonably Status includes individuals or various populatons close to their breeding areas throughout the year. existng in diferent regions of the province as residents, Summer visitor and breeder (S): Migratory birds that summer visitors, winter visitors, passage migrants, or occur in their breeding areas only during the breeding vagrants that were extracted from Kaboli et al. (2016) season, typically arriving in spring (March or April) and and Khaleghizadeh et al. (2017a) and also based on our departng in autumn (August or September). Summer observatons and personal communicatons: non-breeder status is denoted by ‘s’. Resident (R): Most, if not all, individuals in a Winter visitor (W): Migratory birds that arrive

12862 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

Image 4. A river in the west of © F. Zarei Kurdistan Province, western Iran.

Image 5. Zarivar Wildlife Refuge in the west of Kurdistan Province, western Iran. © F. Zarei

in the region in autumn, remain throughout winter Conservaton (December–February), and depart in spring. The internatonal and natonal conservaton statuses Passage migrant (P): Migratory birds that occur in the for each bird species are provided in this secton: region only on passage during the spring and/or autumn The level of conservaton determined by migraton seasons (typically March to May and late July Internatonal Union for Conservaton of Nature (IUCN): to early November); they neither breed in the region nor Critcally Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable occur there in winter. (VU), Near Threatened (NT), Data Defcient (DD), Least Vagrant (V): A bird well outside its normal range and Concern (LC), or not recognized (NR). presumably lost; the occurrence of vagrants is rare and The appendix in which a species is listed in the unpredictable. Conventon on Interactonal Trade in Endangered Species (CITES): I, II, or III.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12863 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

The natonal level of conservaton, defned and 24. Alectoris chukar kurdestanica Meinertzhagen, implemented by the Iranian Department of Environment 1923 occurs in northwestern Iran east to Alborz and (DOE), for each species is presented here: endangered Kurdistan (Vaurie 1965). (End.), protected (Prot.), unprotected (no leter), and 26. Perdix perdix canescens Buturlin, 1906 occurs in pest species (Pest). northwestern Iran, Zagros to Lorestan and perhaps in the south Caspian region. 27. Coturnix coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758) is the RESULTS only form likely to occur in Iran. 29. Podiceps cristatus cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) is The avifauna of Kurdistan Province comprises 310 the only form likely to occur in Iran. species of 23 orders and 59 families (Table 1). 30. Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis Brehm, 1831 is the This checklist presented 22 bird species for Kurdistan only form likely to occur in Iran. Province that were considered as rare for Iran by 33. Ciconia ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758) is the several authors (Scot 2008; Roselaar & Aliabadian form that breeds commonly in northern and western 2009; Khaleghizadeh et al. 2011) and Iran’s Bird Records Iran and winters in southwestern Iran. Commitee (IBRC). Rare species are marked by an 35. Platalea leucorodia leucorodia Linnaeus, 1758 is asterisk (*) symbol in Table 1. the only form likely to occur in Iran. The most diverse order is Passeriformes with 138 36. Botaurus stellaris stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758) is the species (44.5%) of avifauna, followed by Charadriiformes only form likely to occur in Iran. (53 species, 17.1%), Accipitriformes and Anseriformes 37. Ixobrychus minutus minutus (Linnaeus, 1766) is (each with 23 species, 7.4%), and Pelecaniformes (15 the only form likely to occur in Iran. species, 4.8%) (Fig. 2). 38. Nyctcorax nyctcorax nyctcorax (Linnaeus, 1758) The most diverse families are Scolopacidae with is the only form likely to occur in Iran. 25 species (8%) of avifauna, followed by Anatdae and 41. Ardea cinerea cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 is the only Muscicapidae (23 species each, 7.4%), Accipitridae (22 form likely to occur in Iran. species, 7.1%), Laridae (15 species, 4.8%), Fringillidae 42. Ardea purpurea purpurea (Linnaeus, 1766) is the (12 species, 3.9%), and Sturnidae (10 species, 3.2%). only form likely to occur in Iran. Twenty-one families have only one species each (Fig. 3). 43. Ardea alba alba Linnaeus, 1758 is a common Among the reported species, 279 species (90%) are passage migrant and winter visitor occurring in wetlands LC, three NR (1%), eight VU (2.6%), four EN (1.3%), and throughout Iran. 16 NT (5.2%) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 44. Egreta garzeta garzeta (Linnaeus, 1766) is the (IUCN 2018). Six species are listed in Appendix I and only form likely to occur in Iran. 37 species in Appendix II of the CITES. In additon, 14 48. Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Staunton, 1796) is species are endangered (End.), 55 are protected (Prot.), the only form likely to occur in Iran. 232 are unprotected, and nine are pests based on 49. Pandion haliaetus haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) is defnitons of the Iranian DOE (Fig. 4). the only form likely to occur in Iran. 50. Gypaetus barbatus barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758) is Remarks the only form likely to occur in Iran. 1. Anser anser rubrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 is the only 51. Neophron percnopterus percnopterus (Linnaeus, form likely to occur in Iran. 1758) is the only form likely to occur in Iran. 2. Anser albifrons albifrons (Scopoli, 1769) is the only 52. Gyps fulvus fulvus (Hablizl, 1783) is the only form form likely to occur in Iran. likely to occur in Iran. 5. Cygnus columbianus bewickii Yarrel, 1830 is the 58. Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cabanis, 1854 is the only form likely to occur in Iran. only form likely to occur in Iran. 9. The nominate form is common in Iran. 60. Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri Severtzov, 1888 is 11. Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos Linnaeus, the only form likely to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1965; Erard 1758 is the only form likely to occur in Iran. & Etchécopar 1970; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). 13. Anas crecca crecca Linnaeus, 1758 is the only 62. Accipiter nisus nisus (Linnaeus, 1758) was form likely to occur in Iran. recorded in northern and western Iran (Vaurie 1965). 22. Mergus merganser merganser Linnaeus, 1758 is 63. Accipiter gentlis marginatus (Piller & the only form likely to occur in Iran. Miterpacher, 1783) is the form likely to occur in Iran.

12864 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

Figure 2. Diversity of avian orders in Kurdistan Province, western Iran

64. Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Birds from Sistan, the southern Caspian, Turkey, and is the only form likely to occur in Iran. (formerly) Syria are all similar in size and distnctly larger 68. Milvus migrans migrans (Boddaert, 1783) occurs than birds from southwestern Iran (Khuzestan). Birds in Iran, except in the southwestern and southern regions. from Khuzestan and Iraq are inseparable, being similar Milvus migrans lineatus (Gray, 1831) occurs in southern in size and colour to Pakistan/Indian birds and are thus and southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar P. p. poliocephalus. 1970). 78. Gallinula chloropus chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) is 69. Haliaeetus albicilla albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758) is the form widely known from Iran (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & the only form likely to occur in Iran. Etchécopar 1970). 70. Buteo rufnus rufnus (Cretzschmar, 1829) is the 79. Fulica atra atra Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form only form likely to occur in Iran. likely to occur in Iran. 71. Buteo buteo vulpinus (Gloger, 1833) is a fairly 80. The form that breeds in northwestern Iran, common passage migrant throughout northern, northeastern Khorasan, Fars, and Sistan and the that western, and southwestern Iran, with small numbers occurs on passage in the northeastern Caspian are remaining throughout the winter (Kaboli et al. 2016). believed to be Grus grus lilfordi Sharpe, 1894 (Vaurie 72. Ots tarda tarda Linnaeus, 1758 is the only form 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). likely to occur in Iran. 81. Burhinus oedicnemus oedicnemus (Linnaeus, 73. Rallus aquatcus aquatcus Linnaeus, 1758 occurs 1758) occurs in northwestern Iran and the region of in northern Iran while R. a. korejewi Zarudny, 1905 Anzali west to southwestern Caspian (Vaurie 1965; Hüe occurs in eastern and southern Iran in the Zagros from & Etchécopar 1970) while B. o. saharae (Reichenow, Lorestan to Kerman (Vaurie 1965). 1894) occurs in southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1963a, 1965; 77. Two subspecies occur in Iran, Porphyrio Message & Taylor 2005). poliocephalus seistanicus and P. p. poliocephalus. 82. Most forms that occur in Iran are assumed to be

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12865 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

Figure 3. Diversity of avian families in Kurdistan Province, western Iran

12866 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

Figure 4. Conservaton status of birds of Kurdistan Province, western Iran

Haematopus ostralegus longipes Buturlin, 1910 but it is and the Zagros were assigned to Tringa tetanus totanus possible that two other forms, H. o. ostralegus and H. o. (Linnaeus, 1758) by Vaurie (1965). According to Delany buturlini, occur on passage and in winter. et al. (2009), the birds that occur as passage migrants 87. Vanellus indicus aigneri (Laubmann, 1913) is the and winter visitors at wetlands throughout Iran belong only form likely to occur in Iran. to the populaton of T. t. ussuriensis Buturlin, 1934. 89. Charadrius hiatcula tundrae (Lowe, 1915) is the 108. The form that occurs in Iran is the nominate only form likely to occur in Iran. (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). 90. Charadrius dubius curonicus Gmelin, 1789 is the 109. Calidris alba alba (Pallas, 1764) is the only form form known to occur widely in Iran (Vaurie 1965). likely to occur in Iran. 91. Charadrius alexandrines alexandrinus Linnaeus, 113. Calidris alpine centralis (Buturlin, 1932) is likely 1758 is the form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1965; to be much the commonest form that occurs in Iran. Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). 114. Calidris falcinellus falcinellus (Pontoppidan, 92. Charadrius leschenaulta scythicus Carlos 1763) is the only form known to occur in Iran (Delany Roselaar & Voisin, 2012 is the commonest form that et al. 2009). occurs on passage in the southern Caspian region and in 118. Glareola pratncola pratncola (Linnaeus, 1766) winter in the Persian Gulf. is the only form likely to occur in Iran. 96. The form that occurs in Iran is the nominate 123. Larus canus heinei Homeyer, 1853 is the only (Vaurie 1965). form known to occur in Iran. The nominate form could 97. Limosa limosa limosa (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only occur as a vagrant or rare winter visitor. form likely to occur in Iran. 127. Gelochelidon nilotca nilotca (Gmelin, 1789) is 98. The forms that occur in Iran were previously the only form likely to occur in Iran. included within the nominate form (Løppenthin 1951; 129. Sternula albifrons albifrons (Pallas, 1764) is the Schüz 1959; Vaurie 1965; Erard & Etchécopar 1970; Hüe only form that occurs in Iran (Vaurie 1965). & Etchécopar 1970) but is now treated as a separate 130. Sterna hirundo hirundo Linnaeus, 1758 is the subspecies Limosa lapponica taymyrensis Engelmoer & only form likely to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1965). There is a Roselaar 1998 (Engelmoer & Roselaar 1998; Delany et al. possibility that S. h. longipennis could occur as a vagrant. 2009; Dickinson & Remsen 2013). 133. Chlidonias niger niger (Linnaeus, 1758) is the 99. Numenius arquata orientalis Brehm, 1831 would only subspecies likely to occur in Iran. seem to be the commonest form that occurs in Iran but 134. Pterocles orientalis orientalis (Linnaeus, 1758) many birds show intermediate characteristcs between occurs in western Iran reaching Firuz-Kuh in the north N. a. arquata and N. a. orientalis (Delany et al. 2009). (Paludan 1940) and Shiraz in the south (Paludan 1938). 101. The subspecies that occurs in Iran needs 135. Columba livia gaddi Zarudny & Loudon, verifcaton. The birds that breed in northwestern Iran 1906 occurs throughout Iran except in the extreme

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12867 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. southeastern region where it grades into C. l. neglecta is the only form likely to occur in Iran. Hume, 1873 (Vaurie 1965). 149. Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus Linnaeus, 136. Columba oenas oenas Linnaeus, 1758 is the only 1758 is known to migrate through Iran (Vaurie 1965) form likely to occur in Iran. and C. e. meridionalis Hartert, 1896 is known to occur 137. Columba palumbus iranica (Zarudny, 1910) is in northwestern Iran (Roselaar 1995). Caprimulgus the form that occurs in northern Iran from Kurdistan europaeus unwini Hume, 1871 breeds throughout Iran east to northeastern Khorasan and in southern Iran from except in the northwestern regions, where it is replaced Khuzestan east to Shiraz (Vaurie 1965). by C. e. meridionalis. 138. Streptopelia turtur turtur (Linnaeus, 1758) 150. Tachymarpts melba tunet (Tschusi, 1904) breeds in northern Iran from Azerbaijan, Ardabil, occurs in Iran except in the northwestern and northern and Hamadan east through Gilan and Mazandaran regions (Vaurie 1965). to Firuzkuh (Tehran). Streptopelia turtur arenicola 151. Apus apus pekinensis (Swinhoe, 1870) is the (Hartert, 1894) occurs in central, southern, and eastern form that breeds throughout Iran (Vaurie 1965) and A. Iran from Lorestan and Khuzestan east to Baluchestan, a. apus (Linnaeus, 1758) occurs on migraton in Iran. in east, north to Golestan and Khorasan, grading into the 152. Apus afnis galilejensis (Antnori, 1855) is the nominate turtur on the southern slopes of Elburz (Vaurie only form likely to occur in Iran. 1961, 1965). 153. Coracias garrulous garrulus Linnaeus, 1758 is 139. Streptopelia decaocto decaocto (Frivaldszky, the form that breeds in northwestern Iran and northern 1838) is the only form likely to occur in Iran. Iran (Vaurie 1965), while C. g. semenowi Loudon & 140. Spilopelia senegalensis cambayensis (Gmelin, Tschusi, 1902 is the form that breeds throughout much 1789) is the widespread form in Iran, except perhaps in of Iran except the northwestern and northern regions, the northeastern regions. the southern Persian Gulf coast, and the southern 142. Cuculus canorus canorus Linnaeus, 1758 occurs Persian Baluchestan. in northwestern and northern Iran (Vaurie 1965) while 154. Halcyon smyrnensis smyrnensis Linnaeus, 1758 C. c. subtelephonus Zarudny, 1914 occurs in Iran, except is the only form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1965). in the northwestern regions (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & 155. Alcedo athis athis (Linnaeus, 1758) is the Etchécopar 1970). only form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & 143. Otus scops turanicus (Loudon, 1905) is the Etchécopar 1970). widespread breeding form in Iran, occurring from the 156. Old records of Ceryle rudis rudisnow refer to northwestern region of the country east through the the recently described subspecies C. r. syriacus Roselaar, southern region and Alborz to northern Khorasan and 1995. Ceryle rudis syriacus Roselaar, 1995 was recently southeast through the Zagros to Kerman (Vaurie 1965; described from specimens taken from many localites Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). Otus scops pulchellus (Pallas, from Turkey southeast to southwestern Iran and south 1771) migrates on its way to and from wintering areas to Israel and Jordan (Roselaar 1995). in southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa (Vaurie 157. Merops persicus persicus Pallas, 1773 is the only 1965). form likely to occur in Iran. 144. Bubo bubo interpositus Rothschild & Hartert, 159. Upupa epops epops Linnaeus, 1758 is the only 1910 occurs in northwestern and northern Iran (Vaurie form likely to occur in Iran. 1960, 1963b). Bubo bubo nikolskii Zarudny, 1905 occurs 160. Jynx torquilla torquilla (Linnaeus, 1758) is the in Khorasan south to Sistan, west to Kerman, and in the only form known to occur in Iran, although J. t. sarudnyi Zagros west at least as far as Lorestan (Vaurie 1965). could occur on passage. 145. Strix aluco sanctnicolai (Zarudny, 1905) occurs 161. Dendrocopos minor morgani Zarudny & Loudon, in the Zagros from Kurdistan to Fars, and probably also 1904 is the form that occurs in western and southwestern in southwestern Azarbaijan (Vaurie 1965; Kaboli et al. Iran in the Zagros mountains (Vaurie 1965). 2016). 162. Dendrocopos medius sanctjohannis (Blanford, 146. Athene noctua bactriana Blyth, 1847 is the only 1873) is the form that occurs in the oak forests of Zagros form recorded in Iran (Vaurie 1965; Porter & Aspinall mountains. 2010). 163. Vaurie (1965) and Hüe & Etchécopar (1970) 147. Asio otus otus (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only form consider this species to be monotypic, but Dickinson & likely to occur in Iran. Remsen (2013) believe that there are three subspecies 148. Asio fammeus fammeus (Pontoppidan, 1763) in Iran. Dendrocopos syriacus syriacus (Hemprich &

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Ehrenberg, 1833) occurs in open woodlands and orchards possible that the form Corvus frugilegus tschusii is valid. from western Iran southeast through the Zagros oak Corvus frugilegus frugilegus Linnaeus, 1758 is the only forests to the Kerman highlands and Hormozgan (Kaboli form likely to occur in Iran, unless C. f. tschusii is found et al. 2016). to be valid. 164. Picus viridis innominatus (Zarudny & Loudon, 187. Corvus cornix sharpie Oates, 1889 is a common 1905) occurs in the oak forests of western Zagros and and widespread resident in Iran, absent only from the Kurdistan to central Fars (Kaboli et al. 2016). central deserts, southwestern and southern lowlands, 166. Falco tnnunculus tnnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 is and Sistan & Baluchestan (Kaboli et al. 2016). the only form likely to occur in Iran. 188. Corvus corax laurencei Hume, 1873 is the form 168. Falco subbuteo subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758 is the that occurs in western Iran along the Zagros to Fars only form likely to occur in Iran. and Khuzestan and in eastern Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & 169. Falco cherrug cherrug Gray, 1834 was recorded Etchécopar 1970). in northwestern Iran (Vaurie 1965; Hüe & Etchécopar 189. Poecile lugubris anatoliae (Hartert, 1905) 1970). Paludan (1938) mentoned a record of F. c. is thought to be the form that occurs in the Kalibar saceroides from Kermanshah. Northeastern Iran is mountains in northern Azarbaijan (Roselaar 1995; Kaboli somewhat close to its global range but any specimen et al. 2016). Poecile lugubris anatoliae probably grades from western Iran is well outside the known global range into P. l. dubius in eastern Kurdistan or northwestern of this form. Zagros (Vaurie 1959). Poecile lugubris dubius (Hellmayr, 171. According to Vaurie (1965) and Hüe & Etchécopar 1901) is a common resident in the Zagros from (1970), Falco pelegrinoides pelegrinoides Temminck, Kermanshah to Fars (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et al. 2016). 1829 probably occurs in northwestern Iran and perhaps 190. Parus major blanfordi Prazak, 1894 occurs from in the Zagros in southwestern Iran. Dickinson (2003) and Kurdistan and Zanjan throughout the Zagros along the Gill & Donsker (2017) include southwestern Iran within southern slopes of Alborz and in the eastern Alborz from the global range of this subspecies. Gorgan to the Dasht area near the Golestan/Khorasan 172. According to Hue & Etchécopar (1970), border, extending in the south to Kerman and Fars Psitacula krameri borealis (Neumann, 1915) is the form (Kaboli et al. 2016). that was introduced in Tehran and also in Iraq. Its natural 191. Cyanistes caeruleus satunini Zarudny, 1908 range extends as far west as southeastern Baluchestan occurs in northwestern Iran from Azerbaijan south to in Pakistan. eastern Kurdistan and Hamadan (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & 173. Lanius collurio kobylini (Buturlin, 1906) is the Etchécopar 1970), grading into C. c. persicus (Blanford, form known to breed in Iran and to occur commonly 1873) in Hamadan (Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). Cyanistes on migraton. The nominate form also could occur on caeruleus persicus is the form that occurs from western migraton. Kurdistan and Kermanshah southeast through Zagros to 174. Lanius isabellinus isabellinus Hemprich & central Fars (Kaboli et al. 2016). Ehrenberg, 1833 is the only form likely to occur in Iran. 192. Remiz pendulinus menzbieri (Zarudny, 1913) is 178. Lanius senator nilotcus (Bonaparte, 1853) is the a rather common breeding bird in northwestern Iran, only form likely to occur in Iran. occurring southeast through Zagros possibly as far as 181. Garrulus glandarius anatoliae Seebohm, 1883 Fars, and a winter visitor throughout southern Iran from occurs in western and southwestern Iran in the Zagros. Khuzestan to southern Baluchestan (Kaboli et al. 2016). 182. Pica pica bactriana Bonaparte, 1850 is the only 193. Panurus biarmicus russicus (Brehm, 1831) is form that occurs in Iran. known from the southern Caspian region, northern 183. Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax docilis (Gmelin, 1774) Khorasan in the Atrak basin, and Sistan & Baluchestan is the only form likely to occur in Iran. (Vaurie 1959). 184. Pyrrhocorax graculus digitatus Hemprich & 194. Lullula arborea pallidae Zarudny, 1902 is the Ehrenberg, 1833 is known from the western Zagros only form likely to occur in Iran. (Vaurie 1959) and presumably the form occurring 195. Alauda arvensis cantarella Bonaparte, 1850 is throughout the Zagros east to Fars. known from northwestern and northern Iran south to 185. Coloeus monedula soemmerringii (Fischer von Khuzestan and Kerman (Vaurie 1959). This may be the Waldheim, 1811) is the only form likely to occur in Iran. commonest form occurring on passage and in winter in 186. Iranian birds have bills that are markedly more northwestern and western Iran south to Khuzestan and slender than bills of the nominate form and it is therefore the Persian Gulf coast.

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196. Galerida cristata subtaurica (Kollibay, 1912) probably occurs in Iran only as a passage migrant moving occurs in northern Iran east to Tehran and western Iran between breeding areas in western Siberia and winter south to Khuzestan and Lorestan (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & quarters in Africa. Following IOC, D. u. meridionale Etchécopar 1970). Galerida cristata iwanowi Loudon & (Hartert, 1910) is presumably the form breeding in Zarudny, 1903 is said to occur throughout Iran except in mountainous regions almost throughout Iran. the southwestern, northwestern, and northern regions 206. Cecropis daurica rufula (Temminck, 1835) is the (AERC TAC 2003). only form likely to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et 197. Eremophila alpestris penicillata (Gould, al. 2016). 1838) is the form that breeds in northern Iran east to 207. Ceta cet orientalis Tristram, 1867 is the form northwestern Khorasan and in western Iran southeast that breeds commonly in northern Iran from Azerbaijan through the Zagros to Fars (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & to Lorestan eastward to Tehran and Mazandarn (Vaurie Etchécopar 1970). 1959; Roselaar 1995). Ceta cet albiventris Severtzov, 198. Calandrella brachydactyla artemisiana 1873 is the form that breeds in southern Iran from the Banjkowski, 1913 is the form that breeds throughout western Zagros in Kermanshah and Lorestan east to Fars, much of Iran except in the eastern regions (Vaurie 1959). Khorasan, the Kerman highlands, and the mountains of 199. Melanocorypha bimaculata bimaculata northern Baluchestan (Vaurie 1959; Desfayes & Praz (Menetries, 1832) is the form that breeds in western 1978’ Kaboli et al. 2016). and southern Iran from Azerbaijan through the Zagros to 208. Aegithalos caudatus passekii (Zarudny, 1904) is central Fars and Kerman (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar the form that occurs from the forested hills in southern 1970). Azerbaijan south to Kermanshah (Qasr-e Shirin) and east 200. Vaurie (1959) gives the range of Melanocorypha in the oak forests on the western slopes of Zagros to calandra calandra (Linnaeus, 1766) in Iran as the Shiraz area in central Fars (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et al. northwestern Iran and western Zagros to Lorestan; IOC 2016). gives the range simply as northwestern Iran. Vaurie 209. Phylloscopus trochilus acredla (Linnaeus, 1758) (1959) gives the breeding range of M. c. psammochroa is the commonest form that occurs in Iran. Phylloscopus Hartert, 1904 in Iran as Zagros east from Lorestan, trochilus yakutensis Ticehurst, 1935 is likely to be a southern Iran, and Khorasan; however, IOC gives the regular passage migrant through Iran. range as southern Iran, while Dickinson (2003) restricts 210. Phylloscopus collybita abietnus (Nilsson, 1819) the breeding range of this form in Iran to northeastern probably is the commonest form on migraton and in Iran and does not include Iraq within its global breeding winter in most parts of Iran (Vaurie 1959). range. 214. Acrocephalus arundinaceus arundinaceus 201. Alaudala rufescens heinei (Homeyer, 1873) is a (Linnaeus, 1758) breeds in northwestern Iran east to winter visitor to Iran that occurs in northern, western, the Sefd-Rud and is probably the form that breeds in and eastern Iran (Vaurie 1959). western Iran and south to Kermanshah. Acrocephalus 202. Riparia riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758) is arundinaceus zarudnyi Hartert, 1907 occurs in Iran on the only form that breeds in Iran and probably much migraton (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). the commonest form on migraton. Riparia riparia 215. Acrocephalus stentoreus brunnescens (Jerdon, innominata Zarudny, 1916 is probably a regular passage 1839) is the only form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie migrant in Iran. 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). 203. Hirundo rustca rustca (Linnaeus, 1758) is the 216. Acrocephalus melanopogon mimicus (Madarasz, only form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & 1903) is the only form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie Etchécopar 1970). 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970; Porter & Aspinall 2010). 205. Many authors, including Vaurie (1959) and Hüe 217. Acrocephalus agricola septmus (Gavrilenko, & Etchécopar (1970), assign all populatons in western 1954), which breeds from eastern Europe to western Eurasia to the nominate form. The southern populatons, Kazakhstan and winters in India, probably occurs as a including the birds that breed in Iran, however, are migrant in Iran. distnctly smaller than those from Delichon urbicum 219. Acrocephalus scirpaceus fuscus (Hemprich & urbicum type locality in Sweden and are sometmes Ehrenberg, 1833) is the only form known to occur in Iran separated as D. u. meridionale. This is the treatment (Vaurie 1959). The nominate form breeds as close to adopted by IOC and followed here. Delichon urbicum Iran as central Turkey and could occur as a vagrant. urbicum (Linnaeus, 1758), as now recognized by IOC , 220. Iduna pallida elaeica (Lindermayer, 1843) is the

12870 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. only form likely to occur in Iran. (Vaurie 1959). Hüe & Etchécopar (1970) included this 222. Locustella naevia straminea Seebohm, 1881 form within T. t. hyrcanus Zarudny & Loudon, 1905. occurs in the southern Caspian region, Khorasan, the 234. Sita europaea persica Witherby, 1903 is a fairly Zagros, and Kerman and L. n. obscurior Buturlin, 1929 common resident in the oak forests of Zagros from is known from the Zagros in southwestern Iran in winter Kurdistan southeast to central Fars (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). et al. 2016). 223. Sylvia atricapilla atricapilla (Linnaeus, 1758) 235. Sita neumayer rupicola Blanford, 1873 is a is known to occur on migraton in Iran, while S. a. common resident in the mountains of Azarbaijan and dammholzi Stresemann, 1928 is the form that breeds in Alborz east to northwestern Khorasan and in western northern Iran (Vaurie 1959). Zagros in Kurdistan. Sita neumayer tschitscherini 224. Sylvia borin woodwardi (Sharpe, 1877) is the Zarudny, 1904 is a common resident in the Zagros, from only form known to occur on migraton in Iran (Vaurie Nosoud and Qasr-e Shirin (Kermanshah) east to Esfahan 1959). and Fars (Vaurie 1959; Roselaar & Aliabadian 2007; 226. The nominate Sylvia curruca curruca (Linnaeus, Kaboli et al. 2016). 1758) is a rather common summer visitor to forests in 236. Sita tephronota dresseri Zarudny & Buturlin, northern Azarbaijan and is a passage migrant in northern 1906 occurs in northwestern, western, and southwestern and western Iran, east to Golestan, Fars, and Hormozgan Iran (Vaurie 1959; Roselaar & Aliabadian 2007; Kaboli et (Kaboli et al. 2016). al. 2016). 227. Dickinson (2003) does not menton Sylvia 237. Tichodroma muraria muraria (Linnaeus, 1766) althaea zagrossiensis, notng that he follows Cramp occurs in northwestern, northern, and western Iran & Brooks (1992). This suggests that zagrossiensis was (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et al. 2016). subsumed in althaea for some tme, but the name may 238. Acridotheres trists trists (Linnaeus, 1766) is the have persisted in other publicatons by oversight. Vaurie only form likely to occur in Iran. (1954) believes that zagrossiensis is a valid race but 240. Sturnus vulgaris caucasicus Lorenz, 1887 is the indicated it with (o) [=poor subspecies] in Vaurie (1959). widespread form that breeds in Iran, occurring from The validity of zagrossiensis or, in fact, the occurrence Azarbaijan east through northern Iran to Gorgan and of S. althaea in the Zagros was questoned, but the south through western Iran and the Zagros to Central Fars specimens collected by Koelz (1954) confrm that this and Kerman. Sturnus vulgaris poltaratskyi Finsch, 1878 species breeds in this region. Clements et al. (2010) is a common wintering bird in Iran (Hue & Etchécopa checklist gives S. althaea as a monotypic species. 1970; Kaboli et al. 2016), while S. v. purpurascens Gould, 228. Aymí & Gargallo (2006) and IOC believe that 1868 is probably only a winter visitor to Iran. Sylvia crassirostris crassirostris Cretzschmar, 1830 occurs 241. Turdus torquatus amicorum Hartert, 1923 is the in northwestern Iran. The range map given by Shirihai et only form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & al. (2001) depicted an approximate boundary between Etchécopar 1970). S. c. crassirostris and S. c. balchanica in northwestern 242. Turdus merula syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, Iran. According to Vaurie (1959) and Hüe & Etchécopar 1833 is the form that breeds in western and southern (1970), S. c. balchanica Zarudny & Bilkevitch, 1918 is the Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970; Kaboli et al. form that breeds throughout much of Iran except in the 2016), while T. m. intermedius (Richmond, 1896) is a southeastern region. winter visitor to Iran. 230. Sylvia communis communis Latham, 1787 245. Turdus iliacus iliacus Linnaeus, 1758 is the only is probably only a vagrant in Iran. Sylvia communis form likely to occur in Iran. volgensis Domaniewski, 1915 is probably a common 246. Turdus philomelos philomelos Brehm, 1831 migrant through Iran (Zarudny 1901). Sylvia communis is the only form known with certainty to occur in Iran. icterops Ménétries, 1832 is the form that breeds in Iran Turdus philomelos nataliae probably occurs as a winter (Vaurie 1959) and most of the Middle East (Porter & visitor and was mentoned for Iran by Vaurie (1959) and Aspinall 2010). Hüe & Etchécopar (1970). 231. Sylvia mystacea rubescens Blanford, 1874 is 247. Turdus viscivorus viscivorus Linnaeus, 1758 is the form that breeds in western Iran (Porter & Aspinall the form that breeds in northern Iran east to Golestan 2010). (Vaurie 1959). 233. Troglodytes troglodytes zāgrossiensis Zarudny 248. Cercotrichas galactotes familiaris (Ménétries, & Loudon, 1908 is known from the Zagros mountains 1832) is the only form likely to occur in Iran.

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249. Muscicapa striata neumanni Poche, 1904 is Dickinson 2003). the form that breeds in northwestern, northern, and 267. Oenanthe hispanica melanoleuca (Guldenstadt, southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1959). 1775) is the only form likely to occur in Iran. 250. Erithacus rubecula rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) 268. Oenanthe desert atrogularis (Blyth, 1847) is the probably is a scarce winter visitor to Iran. Erithacus commonest form in Iran, breeding widely in the eastern rubecula caucasicus Buturlin, 1907 is recorded as a half of the country west to Central Fars and wintering winter visitor to northwestern Iran. Erithacus rubecula in southwestern and southern Iran (Vaurie 1949; Vaurie hyrcanus Blanford, 1874 is the form that breeds in the 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). forests of northwestern Iran and the southern Caspian 269. Oenanthe lugens persica (Seebohm, 1881) is the region; it is also recorded as a winter visitor in western only form known to breed in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & and southern Iran east to Fars. Erithacus rubecula Etchécopar 1970). tataricus Grote, 1928 is a winter visitor to northwestern 270. Oenanthe fnschii fnschii (Heuglin, 1869) is the and southwestern Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar form that breeds in southwestern and southern Iran 1970). from Kurdistan and Kermanshah east through the Zagros 251. Given the wide breeding range of Luscinia svecica to Fars and perhaps Kerman. svecica (Linnaeus, 1758) at high lattudes in Europe and 271. Cinclus cinclus persicus Witherby, 1906 is the Asia, it is likely that many birds migrate through Iran to form that occurs in the Zagros mountains east to Fars and from their wintering grounds in southern Asia. Province (Vaurie 1959). 253. Luscinia megarhynchos africana (Fischer & 272. Passer domestcus biblicus Hartert, 1904 is Reichenow, 1884) is the most widespread form breeding the form that occurs in northwestern and western Iran in Iran, occurring from Azarbaijan and the southern south to northern Kurdistan (Vaurie 1959; Roselaar & Caspian region south through western Iran to Khuzestan, Aliabadian 2007). Fars, and Kerman (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970; 273. Passer hispaniolensis transcaspicus Tschusi, Kaboli et al. 2016). Luscinia megarhynchos golzii Cabanis, 1902 is the only form likely to occur in Iran. 1873 is also known to occur on migraton through Iran 274. Passer montanus transcaucasicus Buturlin, 1906 (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). is a rather common resident in woodlands, orchards, and 257. Phoenicurus ochruros ochruros (Gmelin, 1774) cultvaton lands in northern Azarbaijan, in the south breeds in northwestern Iran and the Alborz mountains Caspian lowlands east to Gorgan, and on the southern east to Golestan and winters in southwestern Iran slopes of Alborz east to Tehran (Kaboli et al. 2016). (Vaurie 1959; Kaboli et al. 2016). 276. Petronia petronia exigua (Hellmayr, 1902) is 258. Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus the form that breeds in northwestern and northern Iran (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common and widespread passage east to the region of Gorgan; it also occurs in winter migrant in spring and autumn. Phoenicurus phoenicurus in southwestern and southern Iran. Petronia petronia samamisicus (Hablizl, 1783) is a common summer visitor intermedia Hartert, 1901 is the form that breeds in the to the Caspian Forest and oak forests in Zagros (Kaboli Zagros mountains, the Kerman highlands, and Khorasan et al. 2016). (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). 260. Montcola solitaries longirostris (Blyth, 1847) is 277. Gymnoris xanthocollis transfuga Hartert, 1904 the only form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe is the only form likely to occur in Iran. & Etchécopar 1970). 278. Montfringilla nivalis gaddi Zarudny & Loudon, 262. Saxicola rubicola rubicola (Linnaeus, 1766) is 1904 is the form that occurs in the Zagros. possibly a winter visitor to western Iran. 280. Prunella modularis obscura (Hablizl, 1783) is the 263. Saxicola maurus variegatus (Gmelin, 1774) is form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1959). the form that breeds in northwestern Iran, the southern 281. Motacilla fava lutea (Gmelin, 1774), M. f. Caspian region, and western Iran south to Central Fars. beema (Sykes, 1832), and M. f. thunbergi Billberg, 1828 Saxicola maurus hemprichii Ehrenberg, 1833 is a passage are common and widespread passage migrants in Iran. migrant and winter visitor in western Iran (Kaboli et al. Motacilla fava feldegg Michahelles, 1830 is a common 2016). summer visitor to wetlands throughout northern and 265. Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758) western Iran south to Khuzestan, Bushehr, central Fars, is probably a common and widespread passage migrant and Sistan and a common and widespread passage in Iran, while O. o. libanotca (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, migrant (Vaurie 1959; Diesselhorst 1962; Porter & 1833) is the form that breeds in Iran (Roselaar 1995; Aspinall 2010; Kaboli et al. 2016).

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282. Motacilla citreola citreola Pallas, 1776 and M. c. southeastern Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). werae (Buturlin, 1907) are known to occur on migraton Emberiza schoeniclus caspia Ménétries, 1832 is a scarce in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). and localized breeding bird in the wetlands in southern 283. Motacilla cinerea cinerea Tunstall, 1771 is the Caspian lowlands and Uromiyeh basin in Azarbaijan only form likely to occur in Iran. (Kaboli et al. 2016); according to Vaurie (1959), birds 284. Separaton of the subspecies has long been a breeding in the Zagros south to Fars are of this form. subject of debate and there is stll no consensus. 289. Anthus spinoleta coutellii Audouin, 1826 is the form that breeds in Iran and the only form known to DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION occur on passage and in winter. 290. Fringilla coelebs coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 is a We conclude that the avifauna in Kurdistan Province, common winter visitor to Iran. western Iran, is rich and taxonomically diverse when 292. Coccothraustes coccothraustes nigricans compared to the country’s total bird fauna (a total Buturlin, 1908 is the form that breeds in Iran and of 551 bird species from 26 orders and 84 families; probably the commoner of the two forms in winter. Khaleghizadeh et al. 2017b) and recorded bird species 294. Carpodacus erythrinus kubanensis Laubmann, in its neighboring provinces in western Iran, namely, 1915 is the form that breeds in northern Iran; it was also Kermanshah (215 species), Hamedan (218 species), recorded on migraton in the Zagros (Vaurie 1959). Zanjan (164 species), and western Azerbaijan (285 295. Chloris chloris bilkevitchi (Zarudny, 1911) is the species) (Khaleghizadeh et al. 2017b; IBRC 2018). This only form now recognized as occurring in Iran. Vaurie editon of the checklist presents 310 bird species in (1959) and Hüe & Etchécopar (1970) list the birds that 23 orders and 59 families for Kurdistan Province, a occur in Iran under the name C. c. turkestanica. number which is equivalent to about 56.3% of all bird 297. Linaria cannabina bella (Brehm, 1845) is the species recorded throughout Iran (551 species) and only form known to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Hüe & approximately 25% of the total bird species recorded in Etchécopar 1970). the Middle East, Caucasus, and central Asia (i.e., OSME 298. Carduelis carduelis niediecki Reichenow, 1907 region, 1,153 confrmed and 87 unproven species (OSME is the form that breeds in the Zagros from southern Region List 2018). These results refer to the signifcant Azarbaijan and Kurdistan southeast to Central Fars. growth of feld ornithology in this province in recent Carduelis carduelis brevirostris Zarudny, 1889 is the form years. that breeds in northwestern and northern Iran (Vaurie The bird fauna in the world faces several common 1959; Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). threats mainly due to anthropogenic actvites/ human- 302. Emberiza calandra buturlini Johansen, 1907 induced disturbances. Drought, land-use change and is the form that occurs throughout Iran, except in habitat destructon, agricultural and livestock actvites, Azarbaijan and the Caspian lowlands. breaking environmental laws, lack of public awareness 303. Emberiza citrinella erythrogenys Brehm, 1855 is and strict management, illegal huntng, overfshing, and the only form likely to occur in Iran. noise polluton in aquatc habitats (natural and artfcial) 304. Emberiza leucocephalos leucocephalos Gmelin, are the main threats afectng birds in Kurdistan (see 1771 is the only form likely to occur in Iran (Vaurie 1959; Zarei et al. 2017, in press). Although some forms of legal Hüe & Etchécopar 1970). protecton, educaton of local people by the Iranian DOE 305. Emberiza cia prageri Laubmann, 1915 is the and nongovernmental organizatons (e.g., creatng a form that occurs in southwestern and northern Iran, i.e., birdwatching site in the ZWR by Chya Green Associaton; in the Zagros, in the mountains of Azarbaijan, and in the Zarei et al. 2017), and media initatves were insttuted, Alborz east to Golestan (IOC; Dickinson 2003). we think that habitat monitoring is urgent. Growth of 306. Emberiza buchanani cerruti de Filippi, 1863 is birdwatching actvity as the main branch of ecotourism the form that breeds in Iran (Vaurie 1959). has a high potental to provide fnancial supports for 307. Emberiza cineracea semenowi Zarudny, 1904 is local communites in order to beter conserve natural the only form likely to occur in Iran. resources (Sekercioglu 2002). 310. Emberiza schoeniclus passerina Pallas, 1771 is a winter visitor, recorded in northern, western, and southern Iran. Emberiza schoeniclus pallidior Hartert, 1904 is a winter visitor recorded in northwestern and

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Review of rare birds in Iran, Sanandaj, Iran, 88pp. 1860s–1960s. Podoces 4(1): 1–27.

12874 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. EN EN EN DOE Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. I II CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC EN NT VU VU VU IUCN 13 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 Habitat Habitat 2; 9; 12; 8; 12; 14 8; 12; 14 8; 12; 14 8; 12; 14 8; 12; 14 S P R R W W W W W W W W W W W W, S W, P, W P, W, P W, W, P W, W, P W, W, P W, W, P W, Status W, P, S P, W, R, W, S R, W, 7 8 6 9 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei 1995 Scot Scot 1995 & 2007 Scot Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Shil-Amaysh 2011 Shil-Amaysh al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei 2011 Shil-Amaysh Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Scot 1995 Scot Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei 2007 Scot î serspî î gewrh ‌ ‌ kanûn kanûn mirawî serspî mirawî qh şan sunh surh qang qûn reş quwî biçûk quwî gewrh helh tanc sî qeşanî biçûk quwî bîdeng sî qeşanî gewrh xash sî xash kew Kurdish name Kurdish xlixl rû kurh mirawî spîlkh mirawî currh ser sûrî beḧdî ser sûr lût pan mirawî xeneyî mirawî cẍedar mirawî Temminck, 1820 Temminck, Leach, 1820 1821 Horsfeld, (Scopoli, 1769) (Scopoli, Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Pallas, 1764) (Pallas, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ord, 1815) (Ord, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gmelin, 1789) (Scopoli, 1769) (Scopoli, (Linnaeus, 1758) 1830) (Gray, Authority 1831 Wagler, (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Menetries, 1832) (Menetries, Linnaeus, 1758 (Pallas, 1773) (Pallas, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Güldenstädt, 1770) (Güldenstädt, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) * * Mergus merganser leucocephala Oxyura M. penelope Anas platyrhynchos T. ferruginea T. strepera Mareca C. columbianus C. cygnus tadorna Tadorna A. erythropus * Cygnus olor A. albifrons Anser anser chukar Alectoris Species name A. querquedula A. acuta Marmaroneta Marmaroneta angustrostris A. crecca Neta rufna Neta ferina Aythya A. clypeata A. nyroca A. fuligula Mergellus albellus Common Merganser Duck White-headed II. Order Galliformes II. Order Eurasian Wigeon Wigeon Eurasian Mallard Ruddy Shelduck Gadwall Tundra Swan Tundra Whooper Swan Common Shelduck Lesser White-fronted Lesser White-fronted Goose Swan Mute Greater White-fronted White-fronted Greater Goose Greylag Goose Greylag Partridge Chukar English name Anatdae 1. Family Phasianidae 2. Family Garganey Garganey Northern Pintail Northern Pintail I. Order Anseriformes I. Order Marbled Duck Eurasian Teal Teal Eurasian Red-crested Pochard Pochard Red-crested Common Pochard Northern Shoveler Northern Shoveler Ferruginous Duck Ferruginous Duck Tufed Smew 22 23 10 11 8 9 5 6 7 3 4 2 1 24 15 12 16 13 17 18 14 19 20 21 Table 1. A checklist of birds of Kurdistan Province, western Iran western Province, of Kurdistan of birds 1. A checklist Table

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12875 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. DOE Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. II II CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC IUCN 14 13 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 7; 12 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 2; 7; 12 1; 8; 12 Habitat Habitat 1; 8; 12; 2; 6; 12; 8; 12; 15 8; 11; 12 S S S P P R R W W P, S P, S, P P, W P, W, P W, W, P W, W, P W, R, W P, S, s P, S, s, P Status 14 10 13 12 15 11 16 17 18 19 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Shabanian & Barat Shabanian & Barat 2009 Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei IBRC Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei î biçûk ‌ î şewî ‌ îr ‌ ḧll waq şawh waq pê bih qûnh surh qurîng qh rh naz waq Kurdish name Kurdish ḧacî leg şawh zerdekh şawh pê bih qûneyi serbih pê bih qûneyi kllaw dinduk bîlh hh wîrdh susîkh zirh kew şawh rîxinh şawh pê bih qûneyi mil reş pê bih qûneyi şawh sultanî şawh şawh mil drîj şawh şawh spîlkhşawh Bonaparte, 1831 Bonaparte, 1831 Bonaparte 1840 Gray, Richmond, 1917 Sharpe, 1891 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pallas, 1764) (Pallas, 1811 Pallas, 1854 Bonaparte, (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1766 Leach, 1820 (Linnaeus, 1758) Authority 1888 Fürbringer, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scopoli, 1769) (Scopoli, (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) Brandt, 1843 Brandt, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Brehm, 1831 Brehm, 1888 Fürbringer, Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1766) Linnaeus, 1758 Nyctcorax nyctcorax Nyctcorax Ixobrychus minutus Ixobrychus Tachybaptus rufcollis Tachybaptus roseus Phoenicopterus nigra Ciconia Plegadis falcinellus stellaris Botaurus Species name Ciconia ciconia Ciconia Ardeola ralloides Podiceps cristatus Podiceps Platalea leucorodia Platalea Coturnix coturnix Ammoperdix griseogularis perdix * Perdix Bubulcus ibis P. nigricollis P. Ardea cinerea A. purpurea A. alba Black-crowned Night Night Black-crowned Heron Litle Bitern Litle Bitern Litle Grebe Litle Grebe Flamingo Greater Black Stork Ibis Glossy Bitern Eurasian English name Podicipedidae 3. Family 4. Family Phoenicopteridae Ciconiidae 5. Family 6. Family Threskiornithidae White Stork Stork White VI. Order Pelecaniformes VI. Order Squacco Heron Heron Squacco Great Crested Grebe Grebe Crested Great V. Order Ciconiiformes Order V. Ardeidae 7. Family Eurasian Spoonbill Eurasian Common Quail III. Order III. Order Podicipediformes See-see Partridge See-see Partridge Partridge Grey Western Catle Egret Egret Catle Western Black-necked Grebe Grebe Black-necked Grey Heron Heron Grey IV. Order Order IV. Phoenicopteriformes Purple Heron Purple Heron Great Egret Egret Great 38 37 28 31 32 34 36 33 39 29 35 27 25 26 40 30 41 42 43

12876 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. EN EN EN EN EN EN DOE Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT NT NT EN NT EN VU VU IUCN 8 14 15 12 3; 6 5; 8 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 12 8; 14 2; 12 5; 15 5; 15 1; 6; 15 Habitat Habitat 6; 8; 14; 2; 5; 10; 2; 6; 7; 9 1; 3; 6; 8 9; 12; 13 2; 12; 13 2; 12; 13 9; 12; 13 2; 5; 9; 12 1; 2; 8; 15 S S S P P P P P P R R R R W W W W W W P, S P, R, S P, W P, W, P W, Status P, W, S W, P, 21 22 20 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2018 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Shil-Amaysh 2011 Shil-Amaysh Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei DOE MWWC Data DOE MWWC Evans 1994 Evans al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Shil-Amaysh 2011 Shil-Amaysh IBRC gr ‌ ‌ î mîsirî helwî masî sîsark şmqarî zelan baz kelkî spî kelkî bur kelkî biçûk qel mirawî pîruzih Kurdish name Kurdish şmqarî bûr reşh dal reşh helwî pencih kurt şanh kûrh qel mirawî gewrh qel mirawî şawh spîlkeyi biçûk spîlkeyi şawh şmqarî spî helwî xalixalî şmqarî genman helwî zelan helwî laq tûkin helwî biyabanî waşeyi gewrh waşeyi waşh per kûr helu Vieillot, 1816 Sharpe, 1891 1850 Reichenbach, Sclater & Salvin, 1873 Sclater (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Vieillot, 1816 Bruch, 1832 (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 1773) (Pallas, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Authority (Linnaeus, 1766) (Linnaeus, 1766) (Gmelin, 1788) (Hablizl, 1783) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1766) 1815 Rafnesque, Gmelin, 1770 Brehm, 1831 Brehm, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pallas, 1811) (Pallas, (Gmelin, 1788) (Hodgson, 1833) (Severtzov, 1850) (Severtzov, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Savigny, 1809 Savigny, * * Circus aeruginosus P. crispus P. Neophron percnopterus Pelecanus onocrotalus Pelecanus pygmeus Microcarbo haliaetus Pandion barbatus Gypaetus Species name C. cyaneus Aegypius monachus gallicus Circaetus Gyps fulvus Gyps Phalacrocorax carbo Phalacrocorax Egreta garzeta Egreta C. macrourus Clanga pomarina C. pygargus C. clanga Hieraaetus pennatus Hieraaetus Aquila nipalensis A. gentlis * brevipes Accipiter A. nisus A. chrysaetos A. heliaca Western Marsh Harrier Marsh Western 11. Family Accipitridae 11. Family 9. Family 9. Family Phalacrocoracidae VII. Oeder Suliformes Dalmatan Pelican Pelican Dalmatan Vulture Egyptan Great White Pelican Pelican White Great Cormorant Pygmy Osprey Western Vulture Bearded English name Pandionidae 10. Family Northern Harrier Cinereous Vulture Vulture Cinereous Eagle Snake Short-toed Grifon Vulture Vulture Grifon Great Cormorant Cormorant Great VIII. Order VIII. Order Accipitriformes Litle Egret Litle Egret Pallid Harrier Pallid Lesser Spoted Eagle Eagle Lesser Spoted 8. Family Pelecanidae 8. Family Montagu's Harrier Montagu's Greater Spoted Eagle Eagle Spoted Greater Booted Eagle Eagle Booted Eagle Steppe Northern Goshawk Northern Goshawk Levant Sparrowhawk Sparrowhawk Levant Sparrowhawk Eurasian Golden Eagle Golden Eagle Eastern Imperial Eagle Imperial Eagle Eastern 64 46 51 45 47 49 50 65 53 54 52 48 44 66 55 67 56 57 58 63 61 62 60 59

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12877 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. EN EN DOE Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. I II II II II II CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT NT NR VU IUCN 8 8 8 14 8; 14 8; 14 5; 12 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 1; 12 6; 15 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 2; 5; 9 2; 5; 12 1; 8; 12 1; 8; 12 1; 8; 12 Habitat Habitat 8; 12; 14 8; 12; 14 S S S S P P P P R W W S, P S, P S, P S, P R, P W, P W, R, W Status S, W, P S, W, W, S, P W, R, W, P R, W, R, W, S, P R, W, 23 26 27 28 29 24 25 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Shil-Amaysh 2011 Shil-Amaysh Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei

nikînh çirg mirîşkawîlh şînh qurîng şalûr dindûk sûr çekmh sûr zîqawh Kurdish name Kurdish zîqaweyi sîng reş zîqaweyi başuwî laq drîj helwî deryayî klk spî helwî deryayî kûlareyi reş kûlareyi rew reweyi mil bexalî mil bexalî reweyi rew gewrh zîqaweyi klk spî zîqaweyi mirîşkawîleyi xeneyî mirîşkawîleyi deydumk başû mirîşkawîleyi biçûk mirîşkawîleyi mirîşkawîleyi sûrbelek mirîşkawîleyi tawsh beşh dindûk sûr reş reş beşh reş Leach, 1820 Bonaparte, 1854 Bonaparte, 1867 Huxley, Rafnesque, 1815 Rafnesque, 1815 Rafnesque, 1912 Mathews, Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) 1854 Bonaparte, Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Authority (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cretzschmar, 1829) (Cretzschmar, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Boddaert, 1783) Linnaeus, 1758 (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Lichtenstein, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Boddaert, 1783) (Linnaeus, 1758) 1830 Wagler, (Scopoli, 1769) (Scopoli, (Linnaeus, 1766) 1801) (Latham, (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 Vigors, 1825 Vigors, Recurvirostra avoseta Recurvirostra * Ots tarda Rallus aquatcus Grus grus Burhinus oedicnemus ostralegus Haematopus vanellus Vanellus Himantopus himantopus Himantopus Species name V. spinosus V. Buteo rufnus Buteo Haliaeetus albicilla Haliaeetus Milvus migrans Charadrius hiatcula V. leucurus V. Crex crex Crex indicus V. B. buteo Porzana parva Porzana P. porzana P. poliocephalus Porphyrio Gallinula chloropus Fulica atra Fulica 17. Family Charadriidae 17. Family Pied Avocet Pied Avocet Great Bustard Great Rail Water Common Crane Stone-curlew Eurasian Oystercatcher Eurasian Northern Lapwing Black-winged Stlt Black-winged X. Order Gruiformes X. Order Charadriiformes XI. Order English name Otdidae 12. Family Rallidae 13. Family Burhinidae 15. Family Spur-winged Lapwing Spur-winged 16. Family 16. Family Recurvirostridae Long-legged Buzzard Long-legged Buzzard White-tailed Eagle Eagle White-tailed Black Kite Black Kite Common Ringed Plover Plover Common Ringed White-tailed Lapwing Lapwing White-tailed Corn Crake Lapwing Red-watled Common Buzzard Common Buzzard Litle Crake Litle Crake IX. Order Otdiformes IX. Order Spoted Crake Crake Spoted Swamphen Grey-headed Common Moorhen Eurasian Coot Eurasian 14. Family Gruidae 14. Family 84 72 73 80 81 82 85 83 86 70 69 68 89 88 74 87 71 75 76 77 78 79

12878 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. DOE CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT NT NT NT NT IUCN 8 8 8 8 14 8; 12 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 12 8; 14 8; 12 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 12 8; 14 8; 12 8; 14 12; 14 12; 14 Habitat Habitat 1; 8; 12; 8; 12; 14 8; 12; 14 1; 3; 8; 12 S P P P P P P P P P P P P P P W W S, P S, P P, W P, W P, P, W P, P, W P, P, W P, W, P W, P, W P, P, W P, Status W, S, P W, 32 31 39 30 33 34 35 36 37 38 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei î şî ‌ ḧmed rawkerî bal spî ḧmed rawkerî xeney ḧmed rawkerî ḧmed rawker ‌ ‌ ‌ qur awîlkeyi gewrh qur awîlkeyi ih‎ ih‎ ih‎ clût mirh larh biçûk qur awîlkeyi qur awîlkey şîllaqeyi şngh şîllaqeyi dindûk pan Kurdish name Kurdish şîllaqeyi reş baw şîllaqeyi reş clût rew reweyi mil bexalî mil bexalî reweyi rew biçûk şîllaqeyi laq sûr şîllaqeyi biçûk mil xîzî reweyi rew gewrh şîllaqeyi şamî şîllaqeyi laq kesk şîllaqeyi çliyawan şîllaqeyi xalixal şîllaqeyi dindûk qt şîllaqh 'eslh berd gîrh berd şîllaqeyi spî şîllaqeyi biçûk şîllaqeyi klk spî şîllaqeyi şî reng şîllaqeyi bersk reş şîllaqeyi bersk Brehm, 1831 Brehm, (Latham, 1787) (Latham, Linnaeus, 1758 (Brunnich, 1764) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pontoppidan, 1763) (Pontoppidan, Authority (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) 1764) (Pallas, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Scopoli, 1786 Scopoli, (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Lesson, 1826) 1815 Rafnesque, (Bechstein, 1803) (Bechstein, (Gunnerus, 1767) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Güldenstädt, 1775) (Güldenstädt, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pallas, 1764) (Pallas, (Leisler, 1812) (Leisler, (Leisler, 1812) (Leisler, (Pontoppidan, 1763) (Pontoppidan, (Linnaeus, 1758) * * Scolopax rustcola Scolopax minimus Lymnocryptes Gallinago media G. gallinago C. pugnax C. falcinellus Species name L. lapponica Numenius arquata erythropus Tringa Limosa limosa P. fulicarius P. Phalaropus lobatus C. dubius T. totanus T. C. alexandrinus C. leschenaulti T. stagnatlis T. T. nebularia T. T. ochropus T. T. glareola T. Xenus cinereus Xenus Actts hypoleucos Arenaria interpres Calidris alba C. minuta C. temminckii C. ferruginea C. alpina 19. Family Glareolidae 19. Family Eurasian Woodcock Woodcock Eurasian Jack Snipe Snipe Great Common Snipe Ruf Broad-billed Sandpiper Broad-billed English name Bar-tailed Godwit Bar-tailed Curlew Eurasian Redshank Spoted Black-tailed Godwit Black-tailed Red Phalarope Phalarope Red Red-necked Phalarope Phalarope Red-necked Litle Ringed Plover Plover Litle Ringed Common Redshank Common Redshank Kentsh Plover Plover Kentsh Sand Plover Greater Marsh Sandpiper Marsh 18. Family Scolopacidae 18. Family Common Greenshank Common Greenshank Green Sandpiper Green Wood Sandpiper Wood Terek Sandpiper Terek Common Sandpiper Ruddy Turnstone Ruddy Turnstone Sanderling Litle Stnt Litle Stnt Temminck's Stnt Stnt Temminck's Curlew Sandpiper Curlew Dunlin 93 94 95 96 115 114 98 99 100 97 117 116 90 101 91 92 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12879 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. DOE CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT VU IUCN 13 14 14 14 15 15 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 8; 14 1; 6; 12 2; 8; 12 Habitat Habitat 1; 7; 12; 1; 6; 11; 2; 10; 12 3; 10; 15 9; 11; 12; 1; 5; 7; 15 S S S P P P P R R R W W W W P, S P, S P, P, S P, S, P S, P S, P W, P W, W, P W, S, W Status 41 42 40 43 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei 2011 Shil-Amaysh al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Shabanian & Barat 2009 al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei This study Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei

masî xurkeyi reş masî xurkeyi kutrh nexşînh kutrh masîgreyi dindûk barîk masîgreyi bering reş kureyi kur şînh kutrh Kurdish name Kurdish kutrh gayh kutrh masîgreyi ser reşî ser reşî masîgreyi biçûk lfawh gur gey lfawh masî xurkeyi qeşanî masî xurkeyi masî xurkh gunaspî masî xurkeyi masî xurkeyi dindûk masî xurkeyi estur xezerî masî xurkeyi masîgreyi biçûk masîgreyi ser reşî masîgreyi gewrh masîgrh xezerî masîgreyi ziyun masîgreyi reşî pşit masîgreyi biçûk barîkh kutrh masî xurkeyi bal spî masî xurkeyi yakerîm qumirî Latham, 1790 Latham, Leach, 1820 (Linnaeus, 1758) 1868 Huxley, 1831 Bonaparte, Linnaeus, 1758 (Breme, 1839) (Breme, (Linnaeus, 1758) Gmelin, 1789 Authority Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1766) Rafnesque, 1815 Rafnesque, (Linnaeus, 1766) (Pallas, 1764) (Pallas, Linnaeus, 1758 1811) (Pallas, (Gmelin, 1789) 1770) (Pallas, (Pallas, 1776) (Pallas, 1773) (Pallas, Linnaeus, 1758 1811 Pallas, Buturlin, 1934 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Temminck, 1815) (Temminck, (Frivaldszky, 1838) (Frivaldszky, (Linnaeus, 1766) * C. niger C. oenas Chroicocephalus genei Chroicocephalus orientalis Pterocles Columba livia Species name C. palumbus C. ridibundus Glareola pratncola Sternula albifrons Sternula hirundo Sterna Chlidonias hybrida Gelochelidon nilotca Hydroprogne caspia Hydrocoloeus minutus Hydrocoloeus ichthyaetus Ichthyaetus Larus canus L. cachinnans L. armenicus L. fuscus turtur Streptopelia C. leucopterus S. decaocto Spilopelia senegalensis Stock Dove Dove Stock XIII. Order XIII. Order Columbiformes Slender-billed Gull Slender-billed Sandgrouse Black-bellied Dove Rock English name Columbidae 22. Family 21. Family Pteroclididae 21. Family XII. Order XII. Order Pteroclidiformes Common Wood Pigeon Pigeon Common Wood Black-headed Gull Black-headed Collared Pratncole Pratncole Collared Litle Tern Litle Tern Common Tern Tern Whiskered Gull-billed Tern Gull-billed Tern Caspian Tern Litle Gull Gull Pallas's Common Gull Caspian Gull Armenian Gull Gull Lesser Black-backed Dove Turtle European 20. Family Laridae 20. Family White-winged Tern Tern White-winged Eurasian Collared Dove Dove Collared Eurasian Laughing Dove Black Tern 136 119 134 135 137 120 118 129 130 131 127 128 121 122 123 124 125 126 138 132 139 140 133

12880 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. DOE Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. II II II II II II CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC IUCN 15 15 15 15 9; 13 8; 14 6; 15 8; 14 8; 14 8; 12 2; 9; 12 Habitat Habitat 1; 6; 12; 3; 9; 13; 1; 7; 12; 2; 12; 15 9; 12; 13 1; 12; 14; 1; 5; 6; 15 1; 3; 6; 15 2; 7; 9; 10 2; 3; 6; 15 S S S S S S S P R R R R W S, P S, P S, P Status S, P, W S, P, 44 48 49 50 45 46 47 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei Scot 2008 Scot al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei This study al. 2018 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei This study IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected This study al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei

çh wrûkh biçûk çh wrûkeyi qulh şînh kutrh pepwî xalixal pepwî kutrh pepu kutrh taq taq gayh kundh tnh xelh şwan alpî çh wrûkeyi şînikh kaselh sîng spî qulh şîneyi berçîlh hengh çîneyi sûr Kurdish name Kurdish kundh lîrewaran kundh belek qulh şîneyi kundh şexish kundh kundh pşîlh kundh kundh quth kundh Peters, 1940 Peters, 1884 Forbes, 1815 Rafnesque, Wagler, 1830 Wagler, Leach, 1820 Leach, 1820 1825 Vigors, 1897 Hartert, (Linnaeus, 1758) 1830) (Gray, 1817 Rafnesque, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 1773 Pallas, Wagler, 1830 Wagler, Authority Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) 1815 Rafnesque, (Scopoli, 1769) (Scopoli, (Linnaeus, 1758) 1881 Ridgway, (Pontoppidan, 1763) (Pontoppidan, * Apus apus A. afnis athis Alcedo Clamator glandarius Clamator Cuculus canorus Otus scops Bubo bubo Caprimulgus europaeus melba Tachymarpts Coracias garrulus Halcyon smyrnensis persicus Merops Species name Strix aluco Ceryle rudis Athene noctua Athene Asio otus A. fammeus Common Swif Common Swif Litle Swif Common Kingfsher 27. Family Coraciidae 27. Family XVII. Order Apodiformes XVII. Order Coraciiformes Order XVIII. Great Spoted Cuckoo Cuckoo Spoted Great Common Cuckoo Owl Scops Eurasian Eagle-Owl Eurasian Nightjar European Alpine Swif Roller European Kingfsher White-throated (Blue-cheeked) Persian Bee-eater XV. Order Strigiformes Order XV. English name Cuculidae 23. Family Strigidae 24. Family Caprimulgidae 25. Family Apodidae 26. Family 28. Family Alcedinidae 28. Family Tawny Owl Tawny Pied Kingfsher XIV. Order Cuculiformes Order XIV. 29. Family Meropidae 29. Family Litle Owl Long-eared Owl Long-eared XVI. Order XVI. Order Caprimulgiformes Short-eared Owl Short-eared 151 152 155 141 142 143 144 149 150 153 154 157 145 156 146 147 148

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12881 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. EN EN EN DOE Prot. Prot. Prot. Prot. I I II II II II II NC CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC EN IUCN 15 1; 7 8; 12 1; 5; 7 5; 7; 15 3; 6; 15 3; 6; 15 2; 9; 10 3; 6; 15 1; 7; 15 Habitat Habitat 1; 5; 12; 1; 5; 6; 7 5; 11; 12 5; 11; 12 6; 11; 15 2; 5; 9; 12 1; 5; 7; 15 2; 8; 9; 12 1; 6; 7; 15 S S P P P P P R R R R R R W P, S P, S, P S, P S, P Status 56 55 52 53 57 51 54 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei This study al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei DOE MWWC Data DOE MWWC 2011 Shil-Amaysh Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei ‌ îl le trumth hel kh smayi gewrh hel kh smayi pepu slîman xeneyî darh smeyi biçûk hel kh smayi tut sûr per bih lekî pşit Kurdish name Kurdish balh ban per bih lekî klk sûr per bih lekî burî biçûk darh smeyi xalixalî xalixalî darh smeyi biçûk hengh çînh sî kuj şehîn darh smeyi xalixalî xalixalî darh smeyi niyuncî darh smeyi suriyeay darh smeyi darh smeyi şîn darh smeyi Linnaeus, 1758 Leach, 1820 Leach, 1820 Leach, 1820 1811 Illiger, 1815 Rafnesque, Linnaeus, 1758 Meyer & Wolf, 1810 & Wolf, Meyer Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) 1818 Fleischer, 1769) (Scopoli, Linnaeus, 1758 Authority Gray, 1834 Gray, Linnaeus, 1758 Hemprich & Ehrenberg, Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 Gmelin, 1788 (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 1888 Fürbringer, Tunstall, 1771 Tunstall, 1829 Temminck, 1830 Wagler, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) Sharpe, 1874 Linnaeus, 1758 * F. columbarius F. F. tnnunculus F. Upupa epops torquilla Jynx naumanni Falco krameri Psitacula Lanius collurio Species name F. cherrug F. F. subbuteo F. L. isabellinus L. minor Dendrocopos minor Dendrocopos M. apiaster F. peregrinus F. pelegrinoides F. D. medius D. D. syriacus D. Picus viridis Merlin Common Kestrel Common Kestrel XXIII. Order XXIII. Order Passeriformes Eurasian Hoopoe Eurasian Wryneck Eurasian Lesser Kestrel Parakeet Rose-ringed Shrike Red-backed English name Upupidae 30. Family Picidae 31. Family Falconidae 32. Family Psitacoidea 33. Family Laniidae 34. Family Saker Falcon Falcon Saker Eurasian Hobby Hobby Eurasian Isabelline Shrike Isabelline Shrike Shrike Lesser Grey XX. Order Piciformes XX. Order Lesser Spoted Lesser Spoted Woodpecker European Bee-eater Bee-eater European Peregrine Falcon Falcon Peregrine Barbary Falcon Middle Spoted Middle Spoted Woodpecker XIX. Order XIX. Order Bucerotformes XXII. Order Psitaciformes XXII. Order Syrian Woodpecker Woodpecker Syrian European Green Green European Woodpecker XXI. Order Falconiformes XXI. Order 167 166 159 160 165 172 173 169 168 174 175 161 158 170 171 162 163 164

12882 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdista n Provi nce, Ira n Z a r ei et al. P est P est D O E CI T E S L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C L C N R V U I UC N 8 1 2 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 3 1 3 1 5 1 5 7; 7; 8 2; 2; 1 2 9; 9; 1 3 9; 1 3 1; 1 5 6; 6; 1 5 5; 5; 6; 1 5 1; 1; 2; 1 2 3; 3; 5; 1 5 1; 2; 1 2 H a bit at 2; 2; 5; 1 0; 1; 1; 9; 1 2; 1; 1; 1 2; 1 3 1; 1; 1 1; 1 2; 1; 1; 1 1; 1 2; 1; 1; 1 1; 1 2; 1; 1; 5; 7; 1 5 1; 1; 5; 7; 1 5 1; 5; 7; 1 5 S S S S S S R R R R R R R R R R W W W, R W, R, R, W Stat us 6 5 5 9 6 1 6 4 6 6 6 2 6 3 5 8 6 0 I mage Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 A hs a ni et al. 2 0 1 5 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Selecteliterat d ure Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 8 A hs a ni et al. 2 0 1 5 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 8 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Shil- A maysh 2011 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 Z ar ei et al. 2 0 1 7 g ur wîç n e s yi mîl d ar

ç ûr e yi p u pi n h kî s manî ge wrhآ he ncîr x ur h qj a k h gur wîçneyi bur g ur wîç n e yi pşit şî çûreyi daran çûreyi Kurdish na me gur wîçneyi ge wrh p er bil h e kî b urî b aş ûrî q aj u wî di n d û k z er d q el r h eş sirîl h ç ûreyi pe nci h kurt qş qer h q aj û m er h g ur wîç n e s yi er şî n p er bil h e kî b urî d eşi t p er bil h e s kî erşî q el h b el e k qel h g urg h q aj û p er bil h e kî q eş a n (Linnaeus, 1758) Leach, 1820 Vi g ors, 1 8 2 5 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Te m minck, 1820 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) Des Murs, 1860 A ut h ority Linnaeus, 1758 (Te m minck, 1820) Vi g ors, 1 8 2 5 (L eisl er, 1 8 1 4) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1766) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Ol p h e- G ar alli d, 1 8 9 Linnaeus, 1758 C assi n, 1 8 5 1 Vi g ors, 1 8 2 5 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) Lichtenstein, 1823 * G aleri d a crist at a Alauda arvensis Ori ol us ori ol us Garrulus glandarius P o ecill e u g u bris Re miz pendulinus Panurus biar micus L ull ul a ar b or e a Species na me Parus major L. L. m eri di o n alis Calandrella brachydactyla P. grP. ac ul us Coloeus monedula Cyanistes caeruleus Ere mophila alpestris Pic a pic a Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax L. seL. n at or L. L. p alli dir ostris C. cC. or a x C. cC. or nix Corvus frugilegus L. L. n u bic us Creste d Lark E urasia n Skylark E ur asi a n G ol d e n Ori ol e E urasia Jay n S o m br e Tit E ur asi a n P e n d uli n e Tit Bearded Reedling Wo o dlark 4 0. F a mil y Al a u di d a e 3 6. F a mil y C or vi d a e E n glis h n a m e Gr e at Tit 3 9. F a mil y P a n uri d a e Southern Grey Shrike Greater Sh ort-toed Lark Western Jackda w H or ne d Lark Al pi n e C h o u g h E ur asi a n Bl u e Tit R e d- e bill d C h o u g h Eurasian Magpie Woodchat Shrike Steppe Grey Shrike Northern Raven Hooded Cro w 3 7. F a mil y P ari d a e R o o k 3 8. F a mil y R e mizi d a e Maske d S hrike 3 5. F a mil y Ori oli d a e 1 9 6 1 9 5 1 8 0 1 8 1 1 8 9 1 9 2 1 9 3 1 9 4 1 9 0 1 7 6 1 9 8 1 8 5 1 9 7 1 8 4 1 9 1 1 8 3 1 8 2 1 7 8 1 7 7 1 8 8 1 8 7 1 8 6 1 7 9

J o ur n al of Threatened Taxa | w w w.threatenedtaxa.org |11 Dece mber 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12883 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. DOE Prot. CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC IUCN 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 5; 8 2; 9 8; 12 3; 13 2; 12 1; 3; 6 1; 5; 15 1; 5; 12 1; 2; 12 1; 2; 12 Habitat Habitat 8; 12; 14 8; 12; 14 1; 5; 6; 15 1; 2; 5; 15 S S S S S S S S S S P P P P P R V P, S P, S, P S, P Status R, P, W R, P, 68 69 70 71 72 67 73 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei ‌ rî rî perçeyi çulekeyi zelan perh slîrkh perh slîrkeyi xîzelan perh slîrkeyi klk perçeyi çulekeyi pan gurwîçneyi maleyi binh klk drîj perçeyi çulekeyi lawînan çîfçaf perçeyi çulekeyi perçeyi çulekeyi zelan gewreyi Kurdish name Kurdish çulekeyi perçeyi zelan perçeyi çulekeyi perh slîrkeyi paşel spî perh slîrkeyi paşel sûr perh slîrkeyi perh slîrkeyi rewezan perh slîrkeyi çulekeyi perçeyi biçûk perçeyi çulekeyi perçeyi çulekeyi rujhelat sewzî perçeyi çulekeyi lawînan bih perçeyi çulekeyi ciyweciyu çûreyi gerdin bih xal gerdin çûreyi gelwazih çûreyi çulekeyi perçeyi perçeyi çulekeyi bru spî perçeyi çulekeyi çeltukan çûreyi pencih kurt pencih kurt çûreyi biçûk Reichenbach, 1850 Reichenbach, Alström et al., 2006 et Alström (Linnaeus, 1758) al. 2006 et Alström (Linnaeus, 1758) 1820) (Temminck, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Vieillot, 1817) (Linnaeus, 1758) Authority (Hermann, 1804) (Linnaeus, 1758) 1769) (Laxmann, (Scopoli, 1769) (Scopoli, Hume, 1870 (Blyth, 1843) Salvin, 1882 (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) (Brehm, 1855) (Brehm, (Menetries, 1832) (Menetries, (Linnaeus, 1766) (Temminck, 1823) (Temminck, (Jerdon, 1845) (Jerdon, (Vieillot, 1819) Rafnesque, 1815 Rafnesque, (Linnaeus, 1758) * * Hirundo rustca Riparia riparia cet Ceta Aegithalos caudatus trochilus Phylloscopus collybita P. Acrocephalus arundinaceus Species name A. scirpaceus Delichon urbicum Cecropis daurica Ptyonoprogne rupestris P. neglectus P. orientalis P. nitdus P. A. stentoreus Melanocorypha Melanocorypha bimaculata M. calandra A. melanopogon A. agricola Alaudala rufescens A. schoenobaenus Barn Swallow Barn Swallow 43. Family Aegithalidae 43. Family Sand Martn Warbler Cet's Tit Long-tailed Warbler Willow Common Chifchaf Warbler Reed Great English name Eurasian Reed Warbler Warbler Reed Eurasian Common House Martn Swallow Red-rumped 42. Family Cetidae 42. Family Eurasian Crag Martn Crag Eurasian 44. Family Phylloscopidae 44. Family Plain Leaf Warbler Warbler Plain Leaf Bonelli's Warbler Eastern Warbler Green Warbler Reed Clamorous Bimaculated Lark Bimaculated Lark Calandra 45. Family 45. Family Acrocephalidae Moustached Warbler Warbler Moustached Warbler Paddyfeld Lesser Short-toed Lark Lesser Short-toed Sedge Warbler Warbler Sedge 41. Family Hirundinidae 41. Family 203 202 207 208 209 210 214 219 205 206 204 211 212 213 215 199 200 216 217 201 218

12884 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. DOE Prot. Prot. CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC IUCN 3 7 15 15 15 13 5; 8 6; 7 9; 13 9; 13 9; 13 3; 15 1; 5; 6 2; 5; 10 6; 7; 15 1; 5; 12 2; 5; 15 Habitat Habitat 5; 7; 13; 1; 5; 12; 7; 12; 15 1; 11; 12 1; 11; 12; 2; 10; 12; 2; 5; 6; 15 1; 3; 7; 15 S S S S S P P P P P P P R R R R R R W W S, P Status 75 79 77 78 76 74 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei This study IBRC IBRC IBRC Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC IBRC Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei ‌ ‌ rî rî rî perçeyi çulekeyi rî perçeyi çulekeyi çulekeyi perçeyi perçeyi çulekeyi nîqabidar perçeyi çulekeyi nîqabidarî hiyum çawu perçeyi çulekeyi spî rujhelat perçeyi çulekeyi biyabanî sîrû xezayî çulekeyi perçeyi ser perçeyi çulekeyi reş zîrî tanc fsîqh cengelî qulteyi berdwan mîna Kurdish name Kurdish çulekeyi perçeyi bur perçeyi çulekeyi çulekeyi perçeyi mil spî perçeyi çulekeyi qulteyi gewrh qulteyi çulekeyi perçeyi baẍî perçeyi çulekeyi biçûk qulteyi çulekeyi perçeyi perçeyi çulekeyi daran zeytunî perçeyi çulekeyi daran gewreyi Leach, 1820 Rafnesque, 1815 Rafnesque, Swainson, 1832 Swainson, (Linnaeus, 1758) Hume, 1878 1830 Cretzschmar, (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) Swainson, 1827 Swainson, Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Boddaert, 1783) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1766) (Linnaeus, 1766) Lesson, 1828 Authority Ménétriès, 1832 Ménétriès, Latham, 1787 Latham, 1825 Vigors, (Bechstein, 1792) (Bechstein, Sharpe, 1872 (Boddaert, 1783) Michahelles, 1830 (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) Bonaparte, 1854 Bonaparte, * S. curruca S. althaea S. crassirostris S. nana Sturnus vulgaris Pastor roseus Pastor * naevia Locustella atricapilla Sylvia regulus Regulus troglodytes Troglodytes europaea Sita Tichodroma muraria Acridotheres trists Species name S. mystacea S. communis S. nisoria S. tephronota S. borin S. neumayer Iduna pallida Hippolais languida 47. Family Sylviidae 47. Family Lesser Whitethroat Lesser Whitethroat Hume's Whitethroat Orphean Warbler Eastern Asian Desert Warbler Common Starling Common Starling Rosy Starling Rosy 52. Family Sturnidae 52. Family Common Grasshopper Common Grasshopper Warbler Blackcap Eurasian Goldcrest Wren Eurasian Nuthatch Eurasian Wallcreeper Common Myna 49. Family Troglodytdae 49. Family English name Menetries's Warbler Warbler Menetries's Common Whitethroat Common Whitethroat 51. Family Tichodromidae 51. Family Barred Warbler Warbler Barred Nuthatch Rock Eastern Garden Warbler Warbler Garden Nuthatch Rock Western 50. Family Sitdae 50. Family Eastern Olivaceous Olivaceous Eastern Warbler Upcher's Warbler 48. Family Regulidae 48. Family 46. Family Locustellidae 46. Family 226 227 228 229 240 239 222 223 232 233 234 237 238 231 230 225 236 224 235 220 221

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12885 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. DOE Prot. CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT NR IUCN 6 9 15 15 15 15 3; 7 9; 13 2; 12 9; 13 3; 15 6; 15 9; 13 9; 13 1; 5; 7 1; 7; 12 1; 7; 12 1; 7; 12 1; 7; 12 1; 7; 12 2; 5; 10 3; 7; 12 1; 6; 15 Habitat Habitat 1; 6; 12; 1; 3; 12; 1; 3; 12; 1; 7; 12; 1; 3; 5; 6 1; 3; 5; 7 3; 12; 15 1; 2; 7; 10 1; 6; 7; 15 S S S S S S S S S S S S P P P P W W W W W W W W, P W, W, P W, S, W Status S, W, P S, W, P S, W, 81 87 88 89 82 80 90 83 84 85 86 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Ahsani et al. 2015 Ahsani et Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei This study Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei This study IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Evans 1994 Evans al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei al. 2018 et Zarei rî ‌ rî gabelekeyi zirh bulbul Kurdish name Kurdish gabelekeyi arupayî gabelekeyi kelekh treyi deşit treyi kelekh kurdî treyi kelekh qûlh cûqeyi xalixal qûlh cûqeyi rh şîşh rh şîşeyi mil bexal rh şîşeyi gabelekeyi sîbrî gabelekeyi trh kelekh gwî reş treyi kelekh bûkh sûr rh şîşeyi bal sûr rh şîşeyi baẍî rh şîşeyi gewrh rh şîşeyi rh şîşeyi mil reş rh şîşeyi şî pşit rh şîşeyi kelekh treyi biyabanî treyi kelekh gh rûşînh bulbulî xalixal bulbil qûlh cûqeyi mil bih xal qûlh cûqeyi şî klk sûrî pşit klk sûrî reş bûkh sûrî îranî klk sûr bu qjeyi kiywî bu qjeyi benewş bu qjeyi (Temminck, 1820) (Temminck, Authority (Linnaeus, 1766) (Temminck, 1829) (Temminck, (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) (Pallas, 1764) (Pallas, Fleming, 1822 Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 (Pallas, 1773) (Pallas, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 1831 Brehm, Linnaeus, 1758 Jarocki, 1819 Jarocki, Linnaeus, 1758 (Temminck, 1829) (Temminck, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brehm, 1831) (Brehm, (Homeyer, 1885) (Homeyer, 1841) (Eversmann, (Gmelin, 1774) (Guerin-Meneville, 1843) (Guerin-Meneville, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1766) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) * * Cercotrichas galactotes Cercotrichas Species name S. rubicola Oenanthe isabellina Oenanthe Muscicapa striata Muscicapa T. merula T. Turdus torquatus Turdus S. maurus oenanthe O. xanthoprymna O. hispanica O. Erithacus rubecula Erithacus T. iliacus T. philomelos T. viscivorus T. T. atrogularis T. pilaris T. O. desert O. Luscinia svecica L. luscinia L. megarhynchos Ficedula semitorquata Ficedula Phoenicurus erythronotus ochruros P. Irania guturalis P. phoenicurus P. Montcola saxatlis Montcola M. solitarius rubetra Saxicola Rufous-tailed Scrub Robin Scrub Robin Rufous-tailed English name European Stonechat Stonechat European Isabelline Wheatear Isabelline Wheatear Spoted Flycatcher Flycatcher Spoted Common Blackbird Common Blackbird Ring Ouzel Ring Ouzel Siberian Stonechat Siberian Stonechat Northern Wheatear Wheatear Kurdish Wheatear Black-eared European Robin Robin European Redwing Redwing Song Thrush Thrush Mistle 53. Family Muscicapidae 53. Family Black-throated Thrush Black-throated Fieldfare Desert Wheatear Desert Wheatear Bluethroat Bluethroat Thrush Nightngale Common Nightngale Common Nightngale Semicollared Flycatcher Flycatcher Semicollared Redstart Eversmann's Black Redstart White-throated Robin Robin White-throated Common Redstart Common Redstart Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush Rock Rufous-tailed Thrush Blue Rock Whinchat 248 262 264 249 242 241 263 265 266 267 250 245 246 247 243 244 268 251 252 253 255 256 257 254 258 259 260 261

12886 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. Pest Pest Pest Pest Pest Pest Pest DOE CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT IUCN 9 13 12 12 13 15 15 12 12 12 12 8; 12 1; 12 12; 13 5; 7; 15 7; 9; 10 1; 6; 15 7; 9; 13 2; 8; 12 4; 8; 14 Habitat Habitat 1; 6; 11; 1; 6; 11; 5; 9; 12; 3; 6; 12; 4; 8; 11; 2; 5; 7; 8 2; 5; 7; 9 4; 13; 14 7; 12; 15 S S S S S S S S P P P R R R W W W W W S, P W, S W, W, P W, S, W R, W Status 91 93 97 92 98 94 95 96 Image Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei al. 2018 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2018 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei

se'weyi lîrh waran se'weyi bih rlu wzewh çulekh sîng reş çulekeyi bruspî se'weyi zerd ber gawîleyi lîrewaran seyreyi Kurdish name Kurdish çulekeyi bur çulekeyi kiywî çulekeyi mil zerd çulekeyi çulekeyi daran çulekeyi paşel spî seyreyi dindûk gewrh seyreyi ber gawîleyi ser zerd ber gawîleyi kelekh treyi pşit spî pşit treyi kelekh kelekh treyi belekî treyi kelekh başûrî çulekeyi befrî çulekeyi ber gawîleyi bur ber gawîleyi ber gawîleyi belek ber gawîleyi barîkh barîkeyi mîrgan barîkeyi daran barîkeyi barîkeyi awî barîkeyi barîkeyi mil sur barîkeyi Rafnesque, 1815 Rafnesque, 1821 Horsfeld, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Temminck, 1820) (Temminck, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Radde, 1884) Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, 1758 Authority 1836 Sundevall, (Bonaparte, 1850) (Bonaparte, (Linnaeus, 1766) 1838) (Burton, Richmond, 1908 (Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pallas, 1776) (Pallas, (Heuglin, 1869) (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Lichtenstein, (Linnaeus, 1766) Tunstall, 1771 Tunstall, Linnaeus, 1758 (Linnaeus, 1758) Leach, 1820 (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pallas, 1811) (Pallas, P. modularis P. P. hispaniolensis P. Cinclus cinclus domestcus Passer Prunella ocularis fava Motacilla coelebs Fringilla Species name Carpospiza brachydactyla Carpospiza petronia Petronia xanthocollis Gymnoris P. montanus P. montfringilla F. Coccothraustes coccothraustes M. citreola O. fnschii O. O. lugens O. Montfringilla nivalis Montfringilla M. cinerea M. alba Anthus campestris Anthus A. pratensis A. trivialis A. spinoleta A. cervinus Dunnock 55. Family Passeridae 55. Family Motacillidae 57. Family Spanish Sparrow Spanish Sparrow White-throated Dipper White-throated House Sparrow Radde's Accentor Wagtail Yellow Western Common Chafnch English name Pale Rockfnch Rockfnch Pale Sparrow Rock Sparrow Yellow-throated Eurasian Tree Sparrow Tree Eurasian Brambling Hawfnch Citrine Wagtail Citrine Wagtail Finsch's Wheatear Finsch's Wheatear 54. Family Cinclidae 54. Family Mourning Wheatear Mourning Wheatear White-winged Snowfnch White-winged 56. Family Prunellidae 56. Family Grey Wagtail Wagtail Grey White Wagtail Wagtail White Tawny Pipit Tawny Meadow Pipit Meadow Pipit Tree Water Pipit Water 58. Family Fringillidae 58. Family Red-throated Pipit Red-throated 280 273 271 272 279 281 290 275 276 277 274 291 292 282 270 269 278 283 284 285 286 287 289 288

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12887 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al. DOE CITES LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC NT IUCN 3 15 13 15 12 15 15 1; 15 1; 8; 12 1; 7; 12 5; 9; 13 1; 7; 15 5; 7; 12 5; 7; 12 1; 6; 15 Habitat Habitat 1; 5; 12; 1; 5; 12; 1; 7; 12; 1; 2; 10; 1; 7; 13; 1; 5; 12; 1; 5; 6; 7 1; 5; 7; 12 5; 7; 9; 13 S S S S S P R R R V W W W W W W W, S W, S, W Status 99 101 102 100 Image Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Selected literature Selected Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC al. 2018 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei 2008 Scot al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei IBRC IBRC Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei al. 2017 et Zarei Scot 2008 Scot al. 2017 et Zarei Zarei et al. 2017 et Zarei

surreyi mîrgh surreyi Kurdish name Kurdish surreyi lîmwîy surreyi spî la cang surreyi kiywî surreyi bur surreyi zerd la cang surreyi ser zeytunî surreyi ser reş surreyi zelan surreyi seyreyi sûr seyreyi seyreyi bal sûr seyreyi seyreyi kesk seyreyi seyrh seyreyi bur seyreyi sîng sûr seyreyi seyreyi paşel zerd seyreyi zerd seyreyi seyreyi niyuçawan spî niyuçawan seyreyi (Linnaeus, 1758) Authority Linnaeus, 1758 Gmelin, 1771 (Linnaeus, 1766) Blyth, 1844 1855 Brehm, Linnaeus, 1758 1769 Scopoli, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pallas, 1770) (Pallas, (Gould, 1838) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Lichtenstein, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1766) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pallas, 1811) (Pallas, 1831 Vigors, * Emberiza calandra Emberiza Species name E. citrinella E. leucocephalos E. cia E. buchanani * E. cineracea E. hortulana E. melanocephala E. schoeniclus Carpodacus erythrinus Rhodopechys sanguineus Rhodopechys Chloris chloris Carduelis carduelis Rhodospiza obsoleta Rhodospiza Linaria cannabina S. serinus Spinus spinus Serinus pusillus Corn Buntng Corn Buntng English name Yellowhammer Yellowhammer Pine Buntng Buntng Rock Buntng Grey-necked Buntng Cinereous Buntng Ortolan Buntng Black-headed Buntng Common Reed Common Rosefnch Eurasian Crimson-winged Crimson-winged Eurasian Finch European Greenfnch Greenfnch European European Goldfnch European Desert Finch Common Linnet European Serin European Siskin Eurasian Red-fronted Serin Red-fronted 59. Family Emberizidae 59. Family 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 294 293 295 298 296 297 300 301 299 Habitat type: 1 - sparsely wooded meadows; 2 - steppes; 3 - dense forests and woodlands; 4 - mountain brooks and rivers; 5 - short bush and thorn scrub; 6 - forest and woodland fringes; 7 - dense bushlands; 8 - wetlands; 9 - boulder 7 - dense bushlands; 8 wetlands; fringes; and woodland 5 - short bush and thorn scrub; 6 forest and rivers; brooks 4 - mountain and woodlands; 3 - dense forests 2 - steppes; meadows; wooded type: 1 - sparsely Habitat woodlands. 15 - sparse and rivers; 14 - lakes plains & moorlands); 13 - mountains; (meadows, 12 - open landscapes (cites & villages); 10 - semi-deserts; 11 human setlements mountains; strewn species. * - rare V - vagrant; migrant; P - passage visitor; W - winter s – summer non-breeder; and breeder; S - summer visitor R - resident; Status: - Prot. I - Appendix I; II II; III III; End. endangered; Concern; NR - not recognized; - Least LC Defcient; DD - Data NT - Near Threatened; VU - Vulnerable; EN - Endangered; Endangered; CR - Critcally Conservaton: Commitee. Records Bird - Iran species. IBRC - pest Pest protected;

12888 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

Sadeghi, R., H.R. Esmaeili, F. Zarei, A. Esmaeili & K. Abbasi (2018). Vaurie, C. (1959). The Birds of the Palearctc Fauna: A Systematc The taxonomic status of an introduced freshwater goby of the genus Reference, Order Passeriformes. H.F. & G. Witherby, London, UK, Rhinogobius to Iran (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Zoology in the Middle 762pp. East: 1–8; htps://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2018.1540149 Vaurie, C. (1960). Systematc notes on Palearctc birds, No. 41. Schüz, E. (1959). Die Vogelwelt des Südkaspischen Tiefandes. E. Strigidae, the genus Bubo. American Museum Novitates 2000(1): Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stutgart, Germany, 1–31. 199pp. Vaurie, C. (1961). Systematc notes on Palearctc birds, No. 49. Scot, D.A. (1995). Islamic Republic of Iran, pp43–221. In: Evans, M.I. Columbidae: the genus Streptopelia. American Museum Novitates (ed.). A Directory of Wetlands in the Middle East. IUCN, Gland, 2058(1): 1–25. Switzerland, 560pp. Vaurie, C. (1963a). Systematc notes on Palearctc birds, No. 51. A Scot, D.A. (2008). Rare birds in Iran in the late 1960s and 1970s. review of Burhinus oedicnemus. American Museum Novitates Podoces 3(1/2): 1–30. 2131(1): 1–13. Scot, D.A., H.M. Hamadani & A.A. Mirhosseyni (1975). The Birds Vaurie, C. (1963b). Systematc notes on Palearctc birds, No. 52. of Iran (In Persian). Department of the Environment, Tehran, Iran, Supplementary notes on Bubo bubo. American Museum Novitates 410pp. 2132(1): 1–10. Sekercioglu, C.H. (2002). Impacts of birdwatching on human and avian Vaurie, C. (1965). The Birds of the Palearctc Fauna: A Systematc communites. Environmental Conservaton 29(3): 282–289. Reference, Non-Passeriformes. H.F. & G. Witherby, London, 763pp. Shabanian, N. & A. Barat (2009). Diversity and Abundance of Zarei, F., S.N. Hosseini, S.S. Amini, J. Pezeshk, L. Maleki & H. Rajabi- Waterfowl and Waders in Waterbodies of Kurdistan Province, Iran. Maham (2017). Proposing Zarivar Wildlife Refuge (western Iran) as Department of the Environment of Iran, Kurdistan Provincial Ofce, a Ramsar site based on avian diversity and conservaton criteria. Sanandaj, Iran, 109pp. Podoces 12(2): 27–42. Shil-Amaysh, Co. (2011). Avifaunal Studies of Waterbodies and Zarei, F., S. Hosseini, J. Pezeshk, L. Maleki & H.R. Esmaeili (2018). Wetlands in Kurdistan Province. Department of the Environment of On the birds of Marivan County, western Iran: an update. Journal Iran, Kurdistan Provincial Ofce, Sanandaj, Iran, 239pp. of Threatened Taxa 10(5): 11613–11617; htps://doi.org/10.11609/ Shirihai, H., G. Gargallo & A.J. Helbig (2001). Sylvia Warblers: jot.3848.10.5.11613-11617 Identfcaton, Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Genus Sylvia. Zarei, F., L. Maleki, H.R. Esmaeili, A. Gholamhosseini, S.N. Hosseini & Christopher Helm, London, 576pp. J. Pezeshk (in press). Man-made waterbodies in Kurdistan province, Vaurie, C. (1949). Notes on the bird genus Oenanthe in Persia, western Iran, as refugia for waterbirds. Sandgrouse 41(1): 1–14. Afghanistan, and India. Notes from the Walter Koelz Collectons 3. Zarei, F. & H. Rajabi-Maham (2017). First record of exotc Piaractus American Museum Novitates 1425(1): 1–47. brachypomus Cuvier, 1818 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from the Vaurie, C. (1954). Systematc notes on Palearctc birds, No. 11. Zarivar Lake, Western Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 33(4): Sylviinae, the genus Sylvia. American Museum Novitates 1692(1): 810–812. 1–17.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12889 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 6. Anas clypeata Image 7. Anas querquedula

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 8. Neta rufna Image 9. Aythya nyroca

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 10. Tachybaptus rufcollis Image 11. Podiceps cristatus

12890 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 12. Ciconia ciconia Image 13. Plegadis falcinellus

© J. Pezeshk Image 14. Nyctcorax nyctcorax

© J. Pezeshk

Image 15. Ardeola ralloides

© J. Pezeshk Image 16. Bubulcus ibis

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12891 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk

Image 17. Ardea cinerea Image 18. Ardea purpurea Image 19. Ardea alba

© J. Pezeshk

Image 20. Egreta garzeta

© J. Pezeshk Image 21. Microcarbo pygmeus

© J. Pezeshk

Image 22. Circaetus gallicus

12892 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk Image 24. Gallinula chloropus © J. Pezeshk Image 23. Rallus aquatcus

© J. Pezeshk Image 25. Fulica atra © J. Pezeshk Image 26. Burhinus oedicnemus

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 27. Vanellus vanellus Image 28. Vanellus spinosus

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12893 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 29. Vanellus leucurus Image 30. Charadrius dubius

© J. Pezeshk Image 32. Limosa limosa © J. Pezeshk

Image 31. Gallinago gallinago

© J. Pezeshk

Image 34. Tringa nebularia © J. Pezeshk

Image 33. Tringa tetanus

12894 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk Image 36. Actts hypoleucos

© J. Pezeshk Image 35. Tringa glareola

© J. Pezeshk Image 38. Calidris minuta

© J. Pezeshk

Image 37. Arenaria interpres

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 39. Phalaropus lobatus Image 40. Glareola pratncola

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12895 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 41. Chroicocephalus ridibundus Image 42. Columba palumbus

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 43. Streptopelia turtur Image 44. Bubo bubo

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 45. Strix aluco Image 46. Athene noctua

12896 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk

Image 48. Coracias garrulous

© S. Kanisanani Image 47. Asio otus

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 49. Alcedo athis Image 50. Merops persicus

© J. Pezeshk

Image 52. Upupa epops

© J. Pezeshk Image 51. Merops apiaster

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12897 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk

Image 53. Jynx torquilla © J. Pezeshk Image 54. Dendrocopos syriacus

© J. Pezeshk Image 55. Falco columbarius

© J. Pezeshk Image 56. Falco Subbuteo

© J. Pezeshk Image 57. Lanius collurio © J. Pezeshk

Image 58. Lanius senator

12898 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 59. Garrulus glandarius Image 60. Corvus frugilegus

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 61. Poecile lugubris Image 62. Parus major

© J. Pezeshk

Image 63. Cyanistes caeruleus © J. Pezeshk

Image 64. Remiz pendulinus

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12899 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk

© J. Pezeshk Image 66. Galerida cristata Image 65. Panurus biarmicus

© J. Pezeshk Image 67. Melanocorypha calandra

© J. Pezeshk Image 68. Hirundo rustca

© J. Pezeshk Image 69. Aegithalos caudatus

© J. Pezeshk

Image 70. Phylloscopus trochilus

12900 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk © J. Pezeshk Image 71. Acrocephalus arundinaceus Image 72. Acrocephalus stentoreus

© J. Pezeshk Image 73. Acrocephalus Agricola © J. Pezeshk

Image 74. Hippolais languida

© J. Pezeshk Image 76. Sylvia mystacea

© J. Pezeshk Image 75. Sylvia curruca

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12901 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk

Image 78. Sita europaea © J. Pezeshk Image 77. Troglodytes troglodytes

© J. Pezeshk Image 80. Turdus merula © J. Pezeshk Image 79. Pastor roseus

© J. Pezeshk

Image 81. Cercotrichas galactotes © J. Pezeshk Image 82. Muscicapa striata

12902 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk Image 84. Luscinia svecica © J. Pezeshk

Image 83. Erithacus rubecula

© J. Pezeshk

© J. Pezeshk Image 86. Phoenicurus phoenicurus Image 85. Luscinia megarhynchos

© J. Pezeshk

Image 87. Saxicola rubicola

© J. Pezeshk

Image 88. Oenanthe isabellina

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12903 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk Image 89. Oenanthe xanthoprymna © J. Pezeshk Image 90. Oenanthe hispanica

© J. Pezeshk Image 91. Passer hispaniolensis

© J. Pezeshk Image 92. Gymnoris xanthocollis

© J. Pezeshk Image 93. Motacilla fava

© J. Pezeshk Image 94. Motacilla cinerea

12904 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk

© J. Pezeshk Image 96. Anthus campestris Image 95. Motacilla alba

© J. Pezeshk Image 97. Fringilla coelebs

© J. Pezeshk Image 98. Coccothraustes coccothraustes

© J. Pezeshk Image 99. Chloris chloris

© J. Pezeshk Image 100. Spinus spinus

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org |11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906 12905 Birds of Kurdistan Province, Iran Zarei et al.

© J. Pezeshk Image 102. Emberiza buchanani © J. Pezeshk Image 101. Emberiza calandra

Threatened Taxa

12906 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 11 December 2018 | 10(14): 12859–12906

OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

December 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 14 | Pages: 12859–12906 Date of Publicaton: 11 December 2018 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2018.10.14.12859-12906

Monograph

The birds of Kurdistan Province, western Iran -- Fatah Zarei, Seyed Naseh Hosseini, Ridha Hassan Hussein, Jalal Pezeshk, Mariwan Rahim & Loghman Maleki, Pp. 12859–12906

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