Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 44: 37–48 (2008)

Lichens from and – Frederikshåb, South West

Eric Steen Hansen Botanical Museum, Natural History Museum of , University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: A total of 263 taxa of lichens are reported from two localities in South West Greenland. Peltigera britannica and Porpidia thomsonii are reported as new to West Greenland. 4 lichens are new to South West Greenland, viz. Bacidia bagliettoana, Baeomyces carneus, Caloplaca psoricida and Rhizocarpon subareolatum. A new taxon, Lecanora swartzii ssp. soralifera, is described. Geology, climate and vegetation of the localities are briefly treated. Kokkuvõte: Arsuki ja Paamiuti (Edela-Gröönimaa) samblikud. Teatatakse 263 samblikutaksoni leidmisest Edela-Gröönimaalt. Peltigera britannica ja Porpidia thomsonii on uued läänepoolsele Gröönimale. Bacidia bagliettoana, Baeomyces carneus, Caloplaca psoricida ja Rhizocarpon subareolatum on uued Edela-Gröönimaale. Kirjeldatakse uus alamliik Lecanora swartzii ssp. soralifera. Lühidalt tutvustatakse leiukohtade geoloogiat, kliimat ja taimestikku.

INTRODUCTION Owing to comprehensive contributions from 1888; Branth, 1892). M. S. Christiansen col- many botanists, in particular during the latest lected some epiphytic lichens at Grønnedal in 60 years, knowledge of the occurrence and dis- 1946 (Alstrup, 1982). E. Dahl (1950) and K. tribution of the lichens in South West Greenland Hansen (1971) carried out many collections of has increased considerably. However, precise macrolichens in these areas in 1937 and 1965, information about the composition of the local respectively. Surveys of the previous investiga- lichen floras is often lacking. Repeated investiga- tions of the lichen flora of the southernmost tions of specific localities with focus on a part part of South West Greenland have been given of the flora, for example a particular taxonomic by the two last-mentioned authors and Hansen group, might well indicate a possible influence & Lund (2003) and Hansen (2006b). of environmental changes, but they do not allow more thorough comparative studies of, for exam- Localities and geology ple, the different effects on the ongoing climatic The following two localities were investigated by changes. Investigations of this type are already the author (Fig. 1). carried out at Zackenberg in North East Green- 1. Arsuk. 61°11'N, 48°28'W. Alt. 0–150 m. 8–20 land (Hansen, 2006a) and will be commenced in July 1993. Archaean gneiss with amphibo- South West Greenland in the summer of 2008. lite horizons and scattered occurrences of The purpose of the present study of the lichen dolerite (Escher & Stuartt Watt, 1976). – The flora of Arsuk and Paamiut is, together with settlement, Arsuk, has c. 350 inhabitants. previous similar studies, to establish a basis It is located in a small valley at the south for investigations of floristic changes caused side of Arsuk Fjord a few kilometres from by different environmental, especially climatic, the outer coast and just south of the 1418 changes. Before the present study the avail- m high mountain, Kuungnaat. The basal able lichen material in the herbarium C from part of the mountain facing Arsuk and the these areas consisted of about 100 collections coastal lowland strip around the mountain of more or less common species. The mineralo- (Fig. 2) were studied by the author. gists, F. R. Johnstrup and A. N. Kornerup, and 2. Paamiut/Frederikshåb. 62°00'N, 49°41'W. the botanists, N. Hartz, L. K. Rosenvinge and J. Alt. 0–300 m. 22–29 July 1993. Archaean Vahl, collected lichens near Arsuk and Paamiut gneiss with layers of amphibolite. The gneis- in the eighteenth century (Branth & Grønlund, sic rocks are intersected by dykes composed 38 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

of dolerite. – The town, Paamiut, has 2300 light microscopes. Selected specimens of Stereo- inhabitants and is situated in an inlet just caulon and Lepraria were identified by means of north of the entrance to Kvanefjord. Like HPTLC. The material is deposited at the Botani- Arsuk the town is located close to the outer cal Museum, University of Copenhagen (C). coast. The distance between Paamiut and Arsuk is 134 km. The author studied the surroundings of Paamiut including the low RESULTS AND DISCUSSION mountains, “De rådne Fjelde”(max. alt. 210 Presence of willow copses is an important pa- m) south of the town. rameter in the subdivision of South and South West Greenland in vegetational zones (Feilberg, 1984; Hansen, 2006b). The climate in the hy- per-oceanic, low arctic zone, in which Paamiut is located, does not allow development of willow scrubs and accordingly is very poor in lichen epiphytes. Willow copses occur, however, more or less abundantly in the oceanic, low arctic zone, where Arsuk is situated. Although the epiphytic lichen flora of Arsuk consists of com- paratively many species, this group of lichens is still better represented in the subcontinental, subarctic inland zone characterized by extensive birch- and willow scrubs (Dahl, 1950; Hansen, 1978; Alstrup, 1982). The lichen flora of Arsuk is also similar to that of the subarctic region in its rich occurrences of lichens restricted to neutral and slightly alkaline soil such as, for example, Catapyrenium daedaleum, Diploschistes mus- corum, Lecanora geophila, Placidium lachneum and Psora decipiens (Hansen, 2000, 2001). A few lichens, viz. Cladonia floerkeana, C. pyxidata, Miriquidica atrofulva, Porpidia flavocaerulescens, Fig. 1. Location of the two investigation areas in Rhizocarpon copelandii, R. inarense and R. jemt- South West Greenland. 1 – Arsuk. 2 – Paamiut/ landicum, were collected on a boat trip to the Frederiksdal. naval station, Grønnedal (61°14'N, 48°05'W), near Ivigtut in Arsuk Fjord. – Mostly rare species of particular interest reported from the present Climate investigation areas, but not during the trip in The Paamiut area has a low arctic and hyper- 1993, are listed together with the references in oceanic climate. The mean temperature of the the following. warmest month, July, is 5°C at Paamiut, while Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. the mean temperature of the coldest month, (Alstrup, 1982) February, is -6°C according to measurements Caloplaca borealis (Vain.) Poelt (Hansen et al., made by Asiaq/Grønlands Forundersøgelser. 1987) The annual precipitation is c. 875mm (1996). Cladonia decorticata (Flörke) Spreng. (Dahl, The climatic conditions at Arsuk are presumably 1950) comparable with those of Paamiut, although the C. scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl. (Dahl, 1950; Thom- annual precipitation is somewhat smaller. son, 1984) C. turgida Hoffm. (Dahl, 1950) MATERIAL AND METHODS Lecidea lithophila (Ach.) Ach. (Branth, 1892) Lichens were collected at numerous sample L. praenubila Nyl. (Branth & Grønlund, 1888) plots at the two localities situated in South West Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl. (Dahl, 1950) Greenland. The collected material, a total of 690 Nephroma expallidum (Nyl.) Nyl. (K. Hansen, specimens of lichens, was studied with Zeiss 1971) 39

Phaeocalicium compressulum (Nyl. Ex Vain.) A. the rocks composed of amphibolite they are Schmidt (Alstrup, 1982; Thomson, 1997) more resistant than the surrounding gneiss. Schaereria fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauzade & Roux Saxicolous lichens such as Dimelaena oreina, (Branth & Grønlund, 1888) Hypogymnia austerodes, Lecanora argopholis, Solorina octospora Arnold (Dahl, 1950) Lobaria scrobiculata, Nephroma parile, Umbilicaria Staurothele fuscocuprea (Nyl.) Zschacke (Branth polyphylla, Xanthoparmelia conspersa and & Grønlund, 1888) Xanthoria elegans have a distinct preference Thelignya lignyota (Wahlenb.) P. M Jørg. & Hens- for such protruding, south-facing rocks, which sen (Dahl, 1950) are often influenced by guano from ravens and other bird species. The scattered boulders General remarks on the lichen vegetation around Arsuk and blocks in screes also hold a The most striking feature as regards the terricolous nitrophilous lichen flora composed of species lichen flora of Arsuk is its rich contents of such as Acarospora peliscypha, Candelariella eutrophic species, i. e. lichens restricted to neutral vitellina, Physcia dubia, Protoparmelia badia, or slightly alkaline soil. Catapyrenium daedaleum, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma, Umbilicaria arctica Cladonia pocillum, Diploschistes muscorum, and Xanthoria candelaria. Brodoa oroarctica, Peltigera venosa, Physconia muscigena, Placidium Ochrolechia tartarea, Parmelia saxatilis, P. sulcata, lachneum, Psora decipiens, P. globifera, Solorina Platismatia glauca, Pseudephebe pubescens, bispora, Toninia sedifolia and T. squalida all belong Sphaerophorus fragilis and Umbilicaria hyperborea to this group of lichens (Gelting, 1955; Hansen, are additional lichens on boulders in the screes. 1978). They grow on mineral soil originating from Caloplaca alcarum, C. scopularis, C. verruculifera, weathered basaltic rocks and among mosses Lecanora contractula and L. straminea occur on a thin layer of soil on such rocks, which cut just above the Verrucaria ceuthocarpa-zone on through Kuungnaat as almost black dykes. Like gneissic seashore rocks manured by different sea

Fig. 2. The western part of Kuungnaat, “Vestre Bjergryg” and to the left the bay, “Paatussoq”and the lowland area with rare plants, for example, the small saprophytic orchid, Corallorhiza trifida. The rocks are rich in epilithic lichens. 40 Folia Cryptog. Estonica birds. Rust-stained lichens such as, for example, nivalis. Typical fell-field lichens such asAlectoria Miriquidica atrofulva, Porpidia flavocaerulescens, sarmentosa ssp. vexillifera, Bryocaulon divergens, P. melinodes and Tremolecia atrata grow more or Bryoria chalybeiformis, Cladonia amaurocraea, less abundantly on somewhat moist, north-facing Hypogymnia physodes and Thamnolia vermicularis basaltic and gneissic rocks near Arsuk. Species occur on gravely soil on the top of hills and on such as Amygdalaria panaeola, Caloplaca nivalis, plains exposed to winds. Miriquidica nigroleprosa, Rhizocarpon bolanderi “Bella Vista” is the name of a small mountain and Vestergrenopsis isidiata also prefer this type top in Paamiut. It holds a very characteristic of habitat. saxicolous vegetation of the following nitrophilous Mixed dwarf shrub heaths dominated by lichen species: Caloplaca alcarum, Candelariella Betula glandulosa, Empetrum hermaphroditum arctica, Lecanora straminea, Physcia caesia, P. and species of Ledum occur in somewhat dubia, Polysporina simplex, Rhizocarpon grande protected places among rocks around Arsuk. and Xanthoria candelaria. A somewhat richer This community is rich in macrolichens such as nitrophilous community with Candelariella Cladonia mitis, C. stellaris, C. stygia, Nephroma vitellina, Dimelaena oreina, Melanelia disjuncta, arcticum, Stereocaulon alpinum and S. paschale. M. infumata, Parmelia saxatilis, P, sulcata, Ochrolechia frigida and O. lapuënsis are the Phaephyscia endococcina, P. orbicularis, P. dominant microlichens in these heaths. Alectoria sciastra, Physcia tenella (var. marina), Physconia nigricans, A. ochroleuca, Bryoria chalybeiformis, detersa, Placynthium asperellum, Rhizocarpon Flavocetraria cucullata, F. nivalis, Hypogymnia geminatum, Sporastatia testudinea and the physodes, Sphaerophorus globosus and other three Xanthoria species listed below occurs on fell-field lichens are restricted to places exposed the uppermost part of “De rådne Fjelde”, which to strong winds such as the top of hills. apparently is influenced both by guano from sea Epiphytic lichens such as Lecanora boligera, birds and sea salt. “De rådne fjelde” are a number L. fuscescens, Nephroma parile, Parmeliopsis of comparatively low and strongly weathered ambigua, P. hyperopta, Pertusaria carneopallida, mountains just southeast of the town. The widely Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla and Varicellaria distributed saxicolous community dominated by rhodocarpa occur more or less abundantly on lichens with a black or brown thallus, for example, twigs of, for example, Salix glauca and Juniperus Allantoparmelia alpicola, Brodoa oroarctica, communis. The fairly rich occurrence of epiphytic Melanelia hepatizon, Orphniospora moriopsis, lichens is the most pronounced difference from Pseudephebe minuscula, Umbilicaria havaasii, the lichen flora of Paamiut. U. hyperborea, U. proboscidea and U. torrefacta Empetrum heaths with Cladonia bellidiflora, covers the lover parts of “De rådne Fjelde” and C.crispata, C. cyanipes, C. mitis, C. stygia, C. is just as common here as on the gneissic rocks subfurcata, C. squamosa, C. uncialis, Nephroma at Arsuk. Verrucaria degelii grows at sea level arcticum, Stereocaulon alpinum and S. paschale on such rocks. The basaltic dykes support a form a characteristic community in the coastal saxicolous flora of rust-stained lichens similar to area near Paamiut. An Empetrum-Salix herbacea that described from Arsuk, and in addition the community with Cetrariella delisei, Cladonia less conspicuous species, Acarospora sinopica ecmocyna, C. trassii and Pertusaria oculata is and A. smaragdula. common in this area. Arctoparmelia andrejevii, Cetrariella delisei and Cladonia trassii are also Annotated list of lichens typical components of the flora bordering the The following list of lichens is based on the marshes and fens. Snow-patches dominated author´s collections, which include totally by Salix herbacea and Solorina crocea occur 263 taxa. The list cannot be considered rep- preferably on north-facing slopes. Mixed dwarf resentative as regards a number of lecideoid shrub heaths dominated by Empetrum, Vaccinium and leprose, crustose lichens, which have been uliginosum, Betula glandulosa and Ledum neglected during the present investigation. No- groenlandicum replace the pure Empetrum menclature follows Santesson et al. (2004) with heaths at some distance from the coast. They some exceptions. Numbers 1 and 2 indicate the are in many ways comparable with the mixed two localities listed above. Annotations are given dwarf shrub heaths at Arsuk as regards their as regards the substrate of the lichens, the plant contents of lichens, although they are richer in, communities in which they occur and presence for example, Cladonia stellaris and Flavocetraria of apothecia (ap.) or perithecia (pe.); “st.” means 41 that the specimen is sterile. The frequency is heaths, together with Cetrariella delisei; st.; mentioned, where it was possible to estimate locally abundant. it. The following estimation classes are used: A. simmonsii (Krog) E.S. Hansen – 2. On moist rare, common, locally abundant. Collections soil in dwarf shrub heaths; st.; locally which have been distributed previously from the abundant. herbarium (C) as part of “Lichenes Groenlandici Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale – 1, 2. On Exsiccati” (LGE) are stated by their numbers. gneissic rocks; ap. These numbers can also be found in Index of A. incurva (Pers.) Hale – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks; Lichenes Groenlandici Exsiccati fascicle I–XXX st. (Hansen, 2006c). Selected references are cited. Arthrorhaphis citrinella (Ach.) Poelt – 1, 2. On mineral soil, together with Candelariella Acarospora badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr. – 1, 2. On placodizans; ap. gneissic rocks manured by birds, together Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold – 1. with, for example, Arctoparmelia centrifuga, On gneissic rocks manured by birds; ap. Candelariella arctica and Rhizocarpon A. cinerea (L.) Körb. – 1. On gneissic and other grande; ap. siliceous rocks; ap. A. molybdina (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. – 2. On gneis- A. mastoidea (Lynge) Thomson – 1, 2. On gneis- sic seashore rocks, together with Caloplaca sic rocks; ap. alcarum, Lecanora straminea, Physcia dubia A. mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. – 1. On gneis- and Xanthoria candelaria; ap. sic rocks manured by birds, together with A. peliscypha (Th. Fr.) Arn. – 1, 2. On gneissic Xanthoria elegans; ap. rocks manured by birds; ap. Bacidia bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta A. sinopica (Wahlenb.) Körb. – 2. On siliceous – 1. On mosses on soil; ap.; rare. New to rocks coated with limonite; ap.; rare. South West Greenland. Previously reported A. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. – 2. On from a few localities in Central West Green- basaltic rocks; ap. land and North East Greenland (Lynge, Alectoria nigricans (Ach.) Nyl. – 1, 2. On soil 1937, 1940). in dwarf shrub heaths and fell-fields; st.; Baeomyces carneus Flörke – 2. On mineral soil; common. st. New to South West Greenland. A. ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A. Massal. – 1, 2. On soil B. rufus (Huds.) Rebent. – 2. On clayey soil, in dwarf shrub heaths and fell-fields; st.; mosses and plant remains; st. common. Bellemerea cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & A. sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. ssp. Vexillifera (Nyl.) Cl. Roux – 1. On gneissic rocks; ap.; rare. D. Hawksw. – 1, 2. On soil in fell-fields, to- Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. – 2. On soil rich in hu- gether with, for example, Cetraria muricata, mus; ap. Flavocetraria nivalis and Sphaerophorus Brodoa oroarctica (Krog) Goward – 1, 2. On gneis­ globosus; st.; locally abundant. LGE 542. sic rocks manured by birds; ap. Allantoparmelia alpicola (Vain.) Essl. – 1, 2. On Bryocaulon divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks, together with, for example, soil in dwarf shrub heaths, together with Calvitimela armeniaca, Ochrolechia tartarea Alectoria ochroleuca and Sphaerophorus and Rhizocarpon inarense; ap. globosus; st. Amandinea cacumium (Th. Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & Bryoria chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Sheard – 1. On siliceous rocks manured by – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf shrub heaths, to- birds, together with Dimelaena oreina and gether with, for example, Cetraria muricata Xanthoria elegans; ap. and Sphaerophorus globosus; st. LGE 543. A. punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. – 1. Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd – 1. On mosses; On gneissic rocks, together with Lecanora ap. swartzii; ap. B. papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck. – 1. On dead twig Amygdalaria panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo – 1, of Salix, together with Lecanora fuscescens 2. On moist gneissic and basaltic rocks, to- and Rinodina archaea; ap. gether with, for example, Caloplaca nivalis, B. pulverulenta (Anzi) Jatta – 1, 2. On Physconia Miriquidica nigroleprosa and Rhizocarpon bolanderi; st. muscigena; ap. Caloplaca alcarum Poelt – 1, 2. On gneissic sea- Arctocetraria andrejevii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & A. Thell – 1, 2. On moist soil in dwarf shrub shore rocks manured by birds, together 42 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

with Lecanora contractula, L. straminea and C. islandica (L.) Ach. – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf Xanthoria elegans; ap. shrub heaths, together with, for example, C. cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr. – 1. On mosses; Cladonia mitis and Stereocaulon alpinum; ap. st.; common. C. fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier – 1, 2. On weath- C. muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt – 1, 2. On soil in ered gneissic rocks, together with Cande- dwarf shrub heaths and fell-fields, together lariella vitellina; ap. with Alectoria sarmentosa ssp. vexillifera, C. jungermanniae (Vahl) Th. Fr. – 1. On mosses Sphaerophorus globosus and Thamnolia and plant remains, together with Cladonia vermicularis; st.; common. pocillum; ap. C. nigricans Nyl. – 2. On soil rich in humus, to- C. nivalis (Körb.) Th. Fr. – 1, 2. On Andreaea; ap. gether with Sphaerophorus globosus; st. C. psoricida E.S. Hansen, Poelt & Søchting – 1. C. sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. – 1. On twigs of Juni- On Psora rubiformis on soil; ap.; rare. New perus, together with, for example, Parmelia to South West Greenland. Also known from septentrionalis, Parmeliopsis ambigua and Central and North West Greenland and Tuckermanopsis chlorophylla; ap.; rare. Central and North East Greenland (Hansen Cetrariella delisei (Bory ex Schaer.) Kärnefelt et al., 1987). & A. Thell – 1, 2. On soil in moist places in C. scopularis (Nyl.) Lettau – 1. On gneissic sea- dwarf shrub heaths, together with, for ex- shore rocks manured by birds, together with ample, Arctocetraria andrejevii and Cladonia Lecanora contractula and Xanthoria elegans; crispata; ap.; common. ap.; rare. Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell – 1. On peat; C. tetraspora (Nyl.) H. Olivier – 1. On mosses; ap.; rare. ap. Cladonia amaurocraea (Flörke) Schaer. – 1, 2. On C. tiroliensis Zahlbr. – 1, 2. On mosses and soil in dwarf shrub heaths; ap. plant remains, together with, for example, C. arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. – 2. On soil in dwarf Physconia muscigena; ap. shrub heaths and fell-fields; st.; rare. C. verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr. – 1. On gneissic C. bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaer. – 1, 2. On soil in seashore rocks manured by birds, together moist places in dwarf shrub heaths; ap. with Lecanora contractula and Verrucaria C. borealis S. Stenroos – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf ceuthocarpa; st.; rare. Probably neglected shrub heaths, together with, for example, in East Greenland, from where no reports Cladonia bellidiflora; ap. LGE 538. are available so far (Hansen et al., 1987; C. carneola (Fr.) Fr. – 1, 2. On soil rich in humus Thomson, 1997). in dwarf shrub heaths; ap. Calvitimela aglaea (Sommerf.) Hafellner – 1, 2. C. chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. – 1, On gneissic rocks; ap. 2. On soil in dwarf shrub heaths; ap. C. armeniaca (DC.) Hafellner – 1, 2. On gneissic C. cornuta (L.) Hoffm. – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf rocks, together with Orphniospora moriop- shrub heath, together with, for example, sis; ap. Cladonia carneola; ap. Candelariella arctica (Körb.) R. Sant. – 2. On C. crispata (Ach.) Flot. – 1, 2. On soil in moist gneissic rocks manured by birds, together dwarf shrub heaths; ap. with Acarospora badiofusca, Lecanora poly- C. cyanipes (Sommerf.) Nyl. – 1, 2. On soil rich tropa and Rhizocarpon grande; ap.; rare. in humus in dwarf shrub heaths, together C. dispersa (Räsänen) Hakul. – 1. On Placynthium with, for example, Cladonia cornuta; st. asperellum on gneissic rocks; st.; rare. C. deformis (L.) Hoffm. – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf C. placodizans (Nyl.) H. Magn. – 1, 2. On mineral shrub heaths; st.; rare. soil, together with Placidium lachneum; ap. C. ecmocyna Leight. – 1, 2. On soil in moist dwarf LGE 535. shrub heaths and near snow-patches; ap. C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. – 1, 2. On weath- LGE 540. ered rocks; ap. C. fimbriata (L.) Fr. – 1. On soil rich in humus in Catapyrenium daedaleum (Kremp.) Stein – 1. On dwarf shrub heaths; st.; rare. mineral soil, together with Placidium lach- C. floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke – 2. On soil rich in neum; pe. humus in dwarf shrub heaths, together Cetraria ericetorum Opiz – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf with Cladonia bellidiflora, C. borealis and shrub heaths; st. C. cornuta; ap.; rare. 43

C. gracilis (L.) Willd. – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf Ephebe hispidula (Ach.) Horw. – 1, 2. On moist shrub heaths; ap. gneissic rocks; st. C. luteoalba Wheldon & A. Wilson – 1, 2. On Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & A. soil rich in humus in dwarf shrub heaths; Thell – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf shrub heaths st.; rare. and fell-fields, together with, for example, C. macrophylla (Schaer.) Stenh. – 1, 2. On soil Alectoria nigricans, A. ochroleuca and Ce- rich in humus in dwarf shrub heaths; st. traria muricata; st. C. macrophyllodes Nyl. – 1, 2. On soil rich in F. nivalis (L.) Kärnefelt & A. Thell – 1, 2. On soil humus in dwarf shrub heaths; ap. in dwarf shrub heaths and fell-fields, to- C. mitis Sandst. – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf shrub gether with, for example, Cetraria islandica, heaths and fell-fields; st.; rare. Cladonia amaurocraea and Sphaerophorus C. phyllophora Hoffm. – 1, 2. On soil in moist globosus; ap. places in dwarf shrub heaths; st. Frutidella caesioatra (Schaer.) Kalb. – 1, 2. On C. pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. – 1, 2. On soil in mosses in snow-patches, together with Lep- moist places in dwarf shrub heaths, together raria frigida, Pertusaria oculata and Solorina with, for example, Cladonia bellidiflora; ap. crocea; ap. C. pocillum (Ach.) O.J. Rich. – 1, 2. On mineral Fuscopannaria praetermissa (Nyl.) P.M. Jørg. – 1. soil and mosses; st. On mosses and alkaline soil, together with C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. – 1, 2. On soil rich in Physconia muscigena; st. mosses; st. Gyalecta foveolaris (Ach.) Schaer. – 1. On alka- C. squamosa Hoffm. – 1, 2. On soil and plant line soil; ap.; rare. remains in moist places in dwarf shrub Hypogymnia austerodes (Nyl.) Räsänen – 1. On soil heaths; ap. in dwarf shrub heaths; also on twig of Salix C. stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vĕzda – 1, 2. On glauca, together with Rinodina turfacea, and soil in dwarf shrub heaths, together with, on mosses on basaltic rock; st. for example, Cladonia mitis, C. stygia and H. physodes (L.) Nyl. – 1, 2. On soil in fell-fields, C. uncialis; st. together with, for example, Alectoria sarmen- C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss – 1, 2. On soil in moist dwarf tosa ssp. vexillifera, Cetraria muricata and shrub heaths; st.; locally abundant. Sphaerophorus globosus; st. C. subfurcata (Nyl.) Arnold – 2. On soil in moist H. subobscura (Vain.) Poelt – 1. On neutral to al- dwarf shrub heaths, together with, for exam- kaline soil in dwarf shrub heath; st.; rare. ple, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia phyllophora Ionaspis lacustris (With.) Lutzoni – 1. On moist and C. uncialis; ap.; rare. siliceous rock in depression in heath, to- C. sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. – 1, 2. On soil rich in gether with Rhizocarpon lavatum and Vest- humus, together with Ochrolechia frigida ergrenopsis isidiata; ap. and Pertusaria oculata; st. I. suaveolens (Fr.) Th. Fr. ex Stein – 1. On almost C. trassii Ahti – 1, 2. On soil in moist places pure quartz, together with Staurothele fissa, in dwarf shrub heaths, together with, for Tremolecia atrata and Vestergrenopsis isidi- example, Cladonia crispata; st. ata; ap. C. uncialis (L.) F.H. Wigg. – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf Lecanora argopholis (Ach.) Ach. – 1. On gneissic shrub heaths, together with Cladonia stel- rocks, together with Lecidea atrobrunnea; laris; st. LGE 534. ap. Collema bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. var. millegra­ L. atromarginata (H. Magn.) Hertel & Rambold num Degel. – 1, 2. On mosses on soil; st. – 1, 2. On different siliceous rocks, together Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann – 1. On with Rhizocarpon geminatum and Xanthoria moist siliceous rocks; pe.; rare. elegans; ap. Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman – 1, 2. On L. boligera (Norman ex Th. Fr.) Hedl. – 1. On bark gneissic rocks manured by birds, together of Salix glauca, together with Naetrocymbe with, for example, Candelariella vitellina, punctiformis and Parmeliopsis hyperopta; Melanelia disjuncta and Sporastatia testu- ap.; rare. dinea; ap. L. cenisia Ach. – 1. On basaltic rock, together Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. – 1. On with Rhizocarpon geographicum; ap. neutral to slightly alkaline soil in dwarf L. chloroleprosa (Vain.) H. Magn. – 1. On moist shrub heath; ap.; rare. gneissic rocks; ap. 44 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

L. contractula Nyl. – 1, 2. On gneissic seashore ample, Bellemerea cinereorufescens and rocks manured by birds, together with, for Rhizocarpon geographicum; ap. example, Xanthoria elegans; ap. L. tessellata Flörke – 1. On gneissic rocks; ap. L. fuscescens (Sommerf.) Nyl. – 1. On twigs of Lecidella euphorea (Flörke) Hertel – 2. On dead Juniperus communis, together with, for ex- twig of Salix glauca, together with Caloplaca ample, Parmeliopsis ambigua and Rinodina tiroliensis and Rinodina archaea; ap. archaea; ap. L. stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert – 1. On L. geophila (Th. Fr.) Poelt – 1. On mineral soil; strongly weathered siliceous rock, together st.; rare. with Candelariella vitellina and Lecanora L. intricata (Ach.) Ach. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks, polytropa; ap.; rare. together with, for example, Allantoparmelia Lecidoma demissum (Rutstr.) Gotth. Schneid. & alpicola and Rhizocarpon inarense; ap. Hertel – 1, 2. On mineral soil; ap. L. leptacina Sommerf. – 2. On soil; ap. Lepraria eburnea J.R. Laundon – 1, 2. On soil L. marginata (Schaer.) Hertel & Rambold – 1, 2. and mosses in snow-patches, together with, On gneissic rocks; ap. for example, Frutidella caesioatra and Per- L. polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh. – 1, 2. On tusaria oculata. gneissic rocks, together with, for example, L. neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen – 1, 2. On mosses and Lecanora straminea and Umbilicaria hyper- gneissic rocks. borea; ap.; common. L. vouauxii (Hue) R.C. Harris – 1, 2. On moss- L. straminea Wahlenb. ex Ach. – 1, 2. On gneissic es, together with, for example, Rinodina seashore rocks manured by birds, together mniaraea. Thallus contains pannaric acid with, for example, Lecanora contractula and and atranorin (HPTLC). Xanthoria candelaria; st. Leprocaulon subalbicans (I.M. Lamb) I.M. Lamb & L. swartzii (Ach.) Ach. ssp. swartzii – 1. On over- A.M. Ward – 1, 2. On mosses. LGE 544. hanging gneissic rock; ap.; rare. Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. – 1, 2. On soil L. swartzii ssp. soralifera E.S. Hansen subsp. and mosses; st. nov. Valde affinis L. swartzii ssp. swartzii , Lichenomphalia alpina (Britzelm.) Redhead, Lut­ sed sorediis crassis in soraliis plus minusve zoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys – 1, 2. On mineral confluentibus in facie thalli formantibus dif- soil and peat. fert. Soralia ejusdem coloris quam thallus sed L. hudsoniana (H.S. Jenn.) Redhead et al. – 1, 2. paulo clariora. – Lecanora swartzii ssp. soral- On mosses and peat. LGE 537. ifera is similar to L. swartzii ssp. swartzii, Lobaria scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. – 1, 2. On but has granulose soredia produced in more siliceous and basaltic rocks; st. The species or less confluent soralia on the surface of the belongs to the distinctly continental element thallus. The soredia have almost the same in the lichen flora of South West Greenland colour as the thallus, but is somewhat paler. (K. Hansen, 1971; Thomson, 1984). Holotype: S.W. Greenland, Arsuk, 61°11'N, Lopadium coralloideum (Nyl.) Lynge – 1. On soil; st. 48°28'W; overhanging gneissic rock; 10 July Massalongia carnosa (Dicks.) Körb. – 2. On 1993, E. S. Hansen ESH 93.434 (C; no.: C- mosses on soil, together with Leprocaulon L-19096; Mycobank: MB511984). – 1. On subalbicans; st. gneissic overhanging rock; st. Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth Lecidea atrobrunnea (Ramond ex Lam. & DC.) – 1. On plant remains; ap.; rare. Schaer. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks manured Melanelia commixta (Nyl.) A. Thell – 1, 2. On sili- by birds; ap. ceous rocks; ap. L. auriculata Th. Fr. – 1, 2. On strongly weathered M. disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. – 1, 2. On gneissic siliceous rocks, together with, for example, rocks, together with, for example, Dimelaena Lecanora polytropa and Umbilicaria torre- oreina, Rhizocarpon bolanderi and R. geo- facta; ap. graphicum; st. L. lapicida (Ach.) Ach. var. lapicida – 1, 2. On M. hepatizon (Ach.) A. Thell – 1, 2. On gneissic gneissic rocks, together with, for example, rocks, together with, for example, Brodoa Lecanora intricata and Umbilicaria hyper- oroarctica and Parmelia saxatilis; ap.; com- borea; ap. mon. L. lapicida (Ach.) Ach. var. pantherina Ach. – 1, M. infumata (Nyl.) Essl. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks 2. On gneissic rocks, together with, for ex- manured by birds, together with, for exam- 45

ple, Parmelia sulcata, Physcia dubia and Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach. – 1. On gneissic Xanthoria candelaria; st. rocks; st. M. septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. – 1. On twigs P. saxatilis (L.) Ach. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks; of Juniperus communis, together with, for rarely on twigs of Salix glauca; ap.; com- example, Tuckermanopsis chlorophylla; mon. ap.; rare. P. sulcata Taylor – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks ma­ M. sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti – 1. On gneis- nured by birds; st. sic rock, together with Aspicilia caesiocin- Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. – 1. On twigs erea and Rhizocarpon bolanderi; st.; rare. of Salix glauca and Juniperus communis; Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. – 2. On bark of Salix st.; rare. glauca; ap.; rare. P. hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold – 1. On branch of Salix Miriquidica atrofulva (Sommerf.) A.J. Schwab & glauca, together with Parmeliopsis ambigua; Rambold – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks rich in st.; rare. iron minerals, together with, for example, Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. – 2. On mosses in Porpidia flavocaerulescens; st. moist habitats; st. M. nigroleprosa (Vain.) Hertel & Rambold – 1, 2. P. britannica (Gyeln.) Holt.‑Hartw. & Tønsberg On gneissic and basaltic rocks; st. – 2. On mosses in moist habitats; st. New Myxobilimbia lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner – 1. to West Greenland. Previously reported from On mosses on soil; ap. North East Greenland and also known from, Naetrocymbe punctiformis (Pers.) R.C. Harris – 1. for example, Iceland and the Faeroe Islands On bark of Salix glauca; ap.; rare. The spe- (Alstrup et al., 1994, 2000; Orange, 1990; cies is so far known only from South West Vitikainen, 1994). Greenland, but should be searched for on P. canina (L.) Willd. – 1, 2. On mosses; st. LGE bark substrates in other parts of Greenland 545. (Branth & Grønlund, 1888; Alstrup, 1982; P. didactyla (With.) J.R. Laundon – 1, 2. On Thomson, 1997). mosses; st. Nephroma arcticum (L.) Torss. – 1, 2. On mosses P. kristinssonii Vitik. – 1. On mosses; ap. in dwarf shrub heaths; st. P. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln. – 1. On mosses in N. bellum (Spreng.) Tuck. – 1. On mosses; ap.; moist habitats; ap. rare. P. malacea (Ach.) Funck – 1, 2. On mosses in N. parile (Ach.) Ach. – 1. On mosses and twigs moist habitats; st. of Salix glauca, together with, for example, P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb. – 1. On soil; st. Pertusaria carneopallida; st. P. scabrosa Th. Fr. – 1, 2. On mosses; st. Ochrolechia frigida (Sw.) Lynge – 1, 2. On moss- P. venosa (L.) Baumg. – 1. On moist soil; ap.; es, soil and plant remains in dwarf shrub rare. heaths; ap.; common. Pertusaria bryontha (Ach.) Nyl. – 1. On Racomitri- O. grimmiae Lynge – 1, 2. On Racomitrium lanugi- um lanuginosum; ap.; rare. nosum; ap. P. carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi – 1. On twigs of Salix O. lapuënsis (Räsänen) Räsänen – 1, 2. On soil glauca, together with, for example, Neph- rich in humus and plant remains, together roma parile; ap.; rare. with, for example, Sphaerophorus globosus; P. coriacea (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. – 1. On soil in dwarf ap. shrub heath, together with Alectoria och- O. tartarea (L.) A. Massal. – 1, 2. On gneissic roleuca and Sphaerophorus globosus; ap. rocks; ap. LGE 500. LGE 539. O. upsaliensis (L.) A. Massal. – 1. On mosses, soil and P. dactylina (Ach.) Nyl. – 2. On plant remains, plant remains in dwarf shrub heaths; ap. together with Cetraria muricata and Rino- Ophioparma ventosa (L.) Norman – 1, 2. On gneis- dina turfacea; st. sic rocks, together with Brodoa oroarctica P. geminipara (Th. Fr.) C. Knight ex Brodo – 1, 2. and Ochrolechia tartarea; ap. On soil and mosses; st. Orphniospora moriopsis (A. Massal.) D. Hawksw. P. oculata (Dicks.) Th. Fr. – 1, 2. On soil and – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks; ap.; common. mosses in snow-patches; st. Pannaria hookeri (Borrer ex Sm.) Nyl. – 1, 2. On P. panyrga (Ach.) A. Massal. – 1, 2. On mosses; ap. moist siliceous rocks, together with, for ex- Phaeophyscia endococcina (Körb.) Moberg – 1, ample, Tremolecia atrata; ap.; rare. 2. On gneissic rocks manured by birds, 46 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

together with, for example, Xanthoria el- P. melinodes (Körb.) Gowan & Ahti – 1. On gneis- egans; ap. sic and basaltic rocks, together with, for P. orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg – 2. On gneissic example, Porpidea flavocaerulescens; st. rocks manured by birds, together with, for P. thomsonii Gowan – 1. On gneissic rock; ap. example, Melanelia infumata, Physcia dubia New to West Greenland. and Xanthoria candelaria; st.; rare. Previ- Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) P.M. Jørg. & S. ously reported from a few localities in West Ekman – 1. On mosses, together with Per- Greenland (Moberg & Hansen, 1986). tusaria geminipara; ap. P. sciastra (Ach.) Moberg – 1. On gneissic rocks Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner – 1, 2. On manured by birds, together with Rhizocar- gneissic rocks manured by birds; ap. pon geminatum and Xanthoria elegans; st. Pseudephebe minuscula (Nyl. ex Arnold) Brodo & D. Phylliscum demangeonii (Moug. & Mont.) Nyl. – 1, Hawksw. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks, together 2. On gneissic rocks, together with, for ex- with, for example, Calvitimela armeniaca and ample, Calvitimela aglaea; ap. Orphniospora moriopsis; ap.; common. Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. – 1, 2. On gneissic P. pubescens (L.) M. Choisy – 1, 2. On gneissic and basaltic rocks manured by birds; st. rocks, together with, for example, Parmelia P. dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau – 1, 2. On gneissic omphalodes; ap. LGE 541. rocks manured by birds, together with, Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. – 1. On mineral for example, Xanthoria candelaria and X. soil, together with Catapyrenium daedaleum sorediata; st. and Placidium lachneum; ap.; rare. P. phaea (Tuck.) J.W. Thomson – 1. On gneis- P. globifera (Ach.) A. Massal. – 1. On mineral sic rocks manured by birds, together with soil; ap.; rare. Xanthoria elegans; ap.; rare. P. rubiformis (Ach.) Hook. – 1, 2. On mineral soil P. tenella (Scop.) DC. – 2. On gneissic rocks; st.; rare. and strongly weathered rock; ap. Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray – 1, 2. On mosses Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt – 2. On siliceous rock manured by birds; st.; rare. in dwarf shrub heaths; ap.; common. P. muscigena (Ach.) Poelt – 1, 2. On mosses, to- P. tenue Henssen var. boreale Henssen – 2. On gether with, for example, Caloplaca tirolien- soil in dwarf shrub heath, together with sis and Leptogium lichenoides; st. Cladonia bellidiflora; ap.; rare. Placidium lachneum (Ach.) de Lesd. – 1. On mineral Rhizocarpon bolanderi (Tuck.) Herre – 1, 2. On soil; pe.; rare. siliceous and basaltic rocks manured by Placopsis gelida (L.) Linds. – 1, 2. On basaltic rock birds; ap. and strongly weathered siliceous rocks; st. R. geminatum Körb. – 1, 2. On siliceous rocks Placynthium asperellum (Ach.) Trevis. – 1. On manured by birds; ap.; common. siliceous rocks manured by birds, together R. geographicum (L.) DC. – 1, 2. On different sili- with, for example, Lecanora argopholis and ceous rocks; ap.; common. L. intricata; st. R. grande (Flörke) Arnold – 1, 2. On siliceous P. pannariellum (Nyl.) H. Magn. – 1. On moist rocks manured by birds; ap. gneissic rocks, together with Rhizocarpon R. hochstetteri (Körb.) Vain. – 1. On siliceous lavatum; st. rock, together with Umbilicaria torrefacta; Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. – 1. ap.; rare. On soil in fell-fields and on gneissic rocks, R. inarense (Vain.) Vain. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks; together with, for example, Alectoria nigri- ap.; common. cans and Sphaerophorus fragilis; st.; rare. R. jemtlandicum (Malme) Malme – 2. On gneis- Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) Gray – 1. On plant sic and basaltic rocks with a thin layer of remains; ap. limonite, together with, for example, Miriq- Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vĕzda – 2. On gneis­ uidica nigroleprosa; ap. sic rock manured by birds, together with, R. lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl. – 1. On moist gneissic for example, Xanthoria elegans; ap. rock; ap. Porpidia flavocoerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel & R. macrosporum Räsänen – 1. On gneissic rock; A.J. Schwab – 1, 2. On gneissic and basaltic ap.; rare. Known so far only from a few locali- rocks with patches of limonite, together with, ties in South West and North East Greenland for example, Miriquidica atrofulva, Rhizocar- (Thomson, 1997). pon grande and R. polycarpum; ap. 47

R. polycarpum (Hepp) Th. Fr. – 2. On gneissic S. botryosum Ach. – 2. On gneissic rocks; st.; rocks, together with Lecanora polytropa, rare. Pseudephebe minuscula and Rhizocarpon S. glareosum (L.I. Savicz) H. Magn. – 1, 2. On geographicum; ap.; rare. mineral soil and gravel; st.; common. Thal- R. praebadium (Nyl.) Zahlbr. – 2. On gneissic and lus contains atranorin and lobaric acid basaltic rocks; ap. (HPTLC). R. rittokense (Hellb.) Th. Fr. – 1, 2. On gneissic S. paschale (L.) Hoffm. – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf rocks, together with, for example, Allan- shrub heaths; st.; common. toparmelia alpicola; ap. S. rivulorum H. Magn. – 1. On soil; st. Thallus R. subareolatum E.S. Hansen – 2. On Rhizocarpon contains atranorin (HPTLC). grande on gneissic rock; ap.; rare. New to S. vesuvianum Pers. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks; st.; South West Greenland. Recently described common. Thallus contains atranorin and from Ø in North West Greenland stictic acid (HPTLC). and Danmarks Ø in North East Greenland Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. var. subu­ (Hansen, 2007). liformis (Ehrh.) Schaer. – 1, 2. On soil and Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt mosses in dwarf shrub heaths and fell-fields; – 1. On siliceous rocks manured by birds; common. ap.; rare. Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal – 1. On mineral Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arnold – 1, 2. On twigs of soil, together with Placidium lachneum and Salix glauca and Juniperus communis; ap. Psora decipiens; ap. R. mniaraea (Ach.) Körb. – 1. On mosses, together T. squalida (Ach.) A. Massal. – 1. On mineral with Lepraria vouaxii; ap. soil, together with Polychidium muscicola; R. olivaceobrunnea C.W. Dodge & G.E. Baker – 2. ap.; rare. On Lobaria scrobiculata on gneissic rocks; Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch – 1. On ap.; rare. soil; ap. R. turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körb. – 1, 2. On plant re- Tremolecia atrata (Ach.) Hertel – 1, 2. On moist mains in dwarf shrub heaths, together with, gneissic rocks with patches of limonite; for example, Ochrolechia frigida; ap. ap. Solorina bispora Nyl. – 1. On mineral soil; ap.; Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale – 1. rare. On twigs of Juniperus communis; st.; rare. S. crocea (L.) Ach. – 1, 2. On soil near snow- Belongs to the group of continental lichens patches; ap.; common. in the lichen flora of South West Greenland Sphaerophorus fragilis (L.) Pers. – 1, 2. On gneis- (Alstrup, 1982; K. Hansen, 1971). sic rocks and on soil; ap.; common. Umbilicaria arctica (Ach.) Nyl. – 1, 2. On gneissic S. globosus (Huds.) Vain. – 1, 2. On soil in dwarf rocks manured by birds; ap.; common. shrub heaths and fell-fields; ap.; common. U. deusta (L.) Baumg. – 1. On moist gneissic LGE 536. rocks; st. Sporastatia polyspora (Nyl.) Grummann – 1. On U. havaasii Llano – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks; st. siliceous rocks, together with Rhizocarpon U. hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. – 1, 2. On gneissic geographicum and Umbilicaria torrefacta; rocks; ap.; common. ap. U. polyphylla (L.) Baumg. – 1. On gneissic rock; S. testudinea (Ach.) A. Massal. – 1, 2. On gneissic ap. rocks, together with, for example, Calviti- U. proboscidea (L.) Schrad. – 1, 2. On gneissic mela armeniaca and Dimelaena oreina; ap. rocks; ap.; common. Staurothele areolata (Ach.) Lettau – 1. On gneis­ U. rigida (Du Rietz) Frey – 1, 2. On gneissic sic rock; pe. rocks; ap. S. fissa (Taylor) Zwackh – 1. On moist gneissic U. torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrad. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks; pe. rocks; ap.; common. Stereocaulon alpinum Laurer – 1, 2. On soil in U. vellea (L.) Hoffm. – 1, 2. On moist gneissic dwarf shrub heaths and near snow-patches; rocks; st. st.; common. U. virginis Schaer. – 1, 2. On gneissic rocks; ap.; S. arenarium (L.I. Savicz) I.M. Lamb – 1, 2. On common. mineral soil; st. Thallus contains atranorin Varicellaria rhodocarpa (Körb.) Th. Fr. – 1. On and porphyrilic acid (HPTLC). twigs of Juniperus communis, together 48 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

with, for example, Lecanora fuscescens; Gelting, P. 1955. A West Greenland Dryas integrifolia st.; rare. community rich in lichens. Svensk Botanisk Tid- skrift 49 (1–2): 295–313. Verrucaria ceuthocarpa Wahlenb. – 1. On gneis- Hansen, E. S. 1978. A comparison between the sic seashore rocks, together with Lecanora lichen flora of coastal and inland areas in the contractula; pe.; common. Julianehåb District. Meddelelser om Grønland V. degelii R. Sant. – 1, 2. On gneissic seashore 204 (3): 1–31. rocks; pe.; common. Hansen, E. S. 2000. A contribution to the lichen flora Vestergrenopsis isidiata (Degel.) Å.E. Dahl – 1. On of the area, West Greenland. Cryp- siliceous rocks, together with, for example, togamie, Mycologie 21 (1): 53–59. Staurothele fissa and Tremolecia atrata; st. Hansen, E. S. 2001. Lichen-Rich Soil Crusts of Arctic Greenland. Ecological Studies 150: 57–65. Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale – 1. On Hansen, E. S. 2006a. 3.3 Lichens. – In: Klitgaard, A. gneissic rocks; st.; rare. B., Rasch, M. & Caning, K. (eds.). Zackenberg Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. – 1, 2. On gneissic Ecological Research Operations, 11 th Annual rocks manured by birds; ap.; common. Report 2005. Danish Polar Center & Ministry of X. elegans (Link) Th. Fr. – 1, 2. On siliceous rocks Science, Technology and Innovation, Copenha- manured by birds; ap.; common. gen: 44–53. Hansen, E. S. 2006b. Lichens from , X. sorediata (Vain.) Poelt – 1, 2. On vertical faces Aappilattoq, /Frederiksdal and of gneissic rocks manured by birds; st. Taserssuaq, South Greenland. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 42: 11–23. Hansen, E. S. 2006c. Index of Lichenes Groenlandici ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Exsiccati fascicle I–XXX with notes on distribution I wish to thank A. Jensen (Arsuk) and R. Le- of the taxa in Greenland. Mycotaxon 97: 35–48. onhardt (Paamiut) for their hospitality during Hansen, E. S. 2007. Lichens from Upernavik Island, NW Greenland. Willdenowia 37 (in press). my trip to South West Greenland. Thanks are Hansen, E. S. & Lund, P. M. 2003. The lichen flora and also due to S. Christensen for assistance with reindeer grazing in the Isortoq area, South West HPTLC, to P. Corfixen for technical assistance Greenland. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 40: 7–14. with the manuscript and to P. Wagner for mak- Hansen, E. S., Poelt, J. & Søchting, U. 1987. Die Flech- ing the Latin diagnosis. The investigation was tengattung Caloplaca in Grønland. Meddelelser financially supported by the Danish Natural om Grønland, Bioscience 25: 1–52. Hansen, K. 1971. Lichens in South Greenland, di- Science Research Council (SNF). stribution and ecology. Meddelelser om Grønland 178 (6): 1–84. Lynge, B. 1937. Lichens from West Greenland, col- REFERENCES lected chiefly by Th. M. Fries. Meddelelser om Alstrup, V. 1982. The epiphytic lichens of Greenland. Grønland 118 (8): 1–225. Bryologist 85: 64–73. Lynge, B. 1940. Lichens from North East Greenland Alstrup, V., Christensen, S. N., Hansen, E. S. & Svane, collected on Norwegian scientific expeditions in S. 1994. The lichens of the Faroes. Frodskaparrit 1929 and 1930. Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet 40: 61–121. 81: 1–143. Alstrup, V., Hansen, E. S. and Daniels, F. J. A. 2000. Moberg, R. & Hansen, E. S. 1986. The lichen genus Lichenized, lichenicolous and other fungi from Physcia and allied genera in Greenland. Medde- North and North-East Greenland. Folia Cryptog. lelser om Grønland, Bioscience 22: 1–32. Estonica 37: 1–20. Orange, A. 1990. New or interesting lichens and li- Branth, J. S. D. 1892. Tillæg til Grønlands Lichen- chenicolous fungi from Iceland. Acta Bot. Islandica Flora. Meddelelser om Grønland 3: 751–762. 10: 37–44. Branth, J. S. D. & Grønlund, C. 1888. Grønlands Santesson, R., Moberg, R., Nordin, A., Tønsberg, T. & Lichen-Flora. Meddelelser om Grønland 3: Vitikainen, O. 2004. Lichen-forming and licheni- 449–513. colous fungi of Fennoscandia. Museum of Evolu- tion, Uppsala University. Uppsala. 359 pp. Dahl, E. 1950. Studies in the macrolichen flora of Thomson, J. W. 1984. American Arctic Lichens. I. The South West Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland Macrolichens. Columbia University Press. New 150 (2): 1–176. York. 504 pp. Escher, A. & Stuart Watt, W. 1976. Geology of Green- Thomson, J. W. 1997. American Arctic Lichens. II. The land. The Geological Survey of Greenland. Copen- Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press. hagen. 603 pp. Wisconsin. 675 pp. Feilberg, J. 1984. A phytogeographical study of South Vitikainen, O. 1994. Taxonomic revision of Peltigera Greenland. Vascular Plants. Meddelelser om Grøn- (lichenized Ascomycotina) in Europe. Acta Bo- land, Bioscience 15: 1–70. tanica Fennica 152: 1–96.