Revolutionary China

Professor Daniel Burton-Rose HI 471/571 North Carolina State University Spring 2018 MW 10:15 am-11:30 am Classroom: 01202 Burlington Nuclear Labs [email protected] Office: Withers Hall 464 Office Hours: MW 9-10 am Campus Phone: (919) 513-2213

Version of January 9, 2018

Course Description Perpetually dynamic and influential beyond its borders, in the last century China responded to and has driven the acceleration that characterizes the present age. In this course we explore the myriad forms of revolution experienced in China during the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. These include political ideologies such as nationalism, anarchism, communism, and feminism, as well as technological innovations such as printing and industrialization, and socio-economic transformations such as urbanization. Integral to these revolutions was the rending of the social and economic fabrics upon which pre-modern life were predicated. In rushing headlong into futures both utopian and dystopian, what, we will ask, was the experience of the present at each historical moment?

Prerequisites The only prerequisite is the completion of a lower-level History course. Completion of either HIST 263 (pre-modern Asia) or 264 (Modern Asia) is desirable but not required.

Global Knowledge Requirement This course satisfies the Global Knowledge co-requisite. The Global Knowledge learning objectives are: 1. Identify and examine distinguishing characteristics, including ideas, values, images, cultural artifacts, economic structures, technological or scientific developments, and/or attitudes of people in a society or culture outside the United States; 2. Compare these distinguishing characteristics between the non-U.S. society and at least one other society; 3. Explain how these distinguishing characteristics relate to their cultural and/or historical contexts in the non-U.S. society; 4. Explain how these distinguishing characteristics change in response to internal and external pressures on the non-U.S. society.

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Required Textbooks: Each of the required textbooks will be placed on two-hour reserve at D.H. Hill Library. They are also available for purchase at the NC State Bookstore in the Tally Student Center, which makes an effort to provide competitive prices through the price comparison tool available in the MyPack Portal. The textbooks are also available from online booksellers. If not using the University Bookstore, please be attentive to edition purchased: only those provide below are acceptable. The prices provided below are the publishers’ list prices; used and rental books will be significantly cheaper.

Campanella, Thomas J. The Concrete Dragon: China’s Urban Revolution and What It Means for the World. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2008. $35.00 Cook, Alexander C. ed. Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Paperback ISBN 9781107665644 Liao, Yiwu. The Corpse Walker: Real Life Stories, China from the Bottom Up. Translated by Wen Huang. New York: Anchor Books, 2009. $16.95 Spence, Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. Third Edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2013. $63.75 (Second edition also acceptable)

On Reserve: Two valuable primary source anthologies are available on reserve. Both complement our secondary sources and can provide inspiration for Final Paper topics. de Bary, Wm. Theodore and Irene Bloom, eds. Sources of Chinese Tradition. Volume Two: From 1600 through the Twentieth Century. Second ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. Chen, Janet Y., Pei-kai Cheng, Michael Elliot Lestz, Jonathan D. Spence, and Jonathan D. Spence, eds. The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection. Third edition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2014.

Supplemental Readings Readings supplementing the required textbooks will be available to students as PDFs or URLs. Please see the full bibliography of supplemental readings following the course schedule.

Course Objectives This course is designed to enable students to achieve the following learning outcomes:

-Analyzing Modern Chinese History in a multidisciplinary framework; -Grasping the tensions between continuity and change in Chinese society; -Developing one’s ideas in writing with clarity and concision and expounding upon them orally; -Completing a medium-sized research project.

Requirements and Grading The course grade will be determined by:

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Class Attendance 20% Participation 20% Presentation of a Course Reading 10% Response Papers (2) 20% (10% each) Final Paper 30%

Class Attendance …is mandatory. There are no “freebie” absences. The first three unexcused absences will be deducted from the Class Attendance grade (10% of the total), amounting to a little over .3% each of the overall grade. After three unexcused absences, each additional absence will result in the deduction of 3% of the overall grade (i.e., “A” to “A-” and so on). A reasonable number of excused absences will be permitted provided that the student provides documentation within a week of the absence. For the university’s definition of excused absences, see: https://policies.ncsu.edu/regulation/reg-02-20-03.

Participation Students are expected to complete all assigned readings prior to class and arrive on time to each class session, prepared to contribute to class discussion. Students should consult the Electronic Resources of a given week before class. Additionally, students are required to post a question to the group by 6 pm the evening before the first class of each week. The question should be approximately one paragraph in length and probe issues relating to the author’s claims, the evidence with which they support their claims, and further areas of inquiry inspired by the readings. The students’ questions are expected to reflect the knowledge they accumulate over the semester. In addition to demonstrating familiarity with the readings, students’ classroom participation should reflect attentiveness to other students’ views and ideas. In terms of grading, half of the participation grade (10% of the final grade) is based on students’ discussion posts, the other half on the quality of students’ contribution to classroom discussion. Please note that there are no make-ups for missed postings; if the circumstances permit even a student with an excused absence should post a discussion question for the week before the class meeting time.

Presentation of a Course Reading At the beginning of the semester each student will pick a reading to present to the rest of the class; the presentations will be distributed evenly over the course of the semester. The presentations are a way for students to be exposed to a broader range of scholarship than reflected in the required textbooks, and to gain expertise in an area of particular interest. The presentation should summarize the main points of the readings and raise any points students found unclear or dubious (10 minutes). The student will then pose one or two questions to the other participants and facilitate the ensuing discussion (5 minutes). PowerPoint presentations are welcome but not necessary.

Response Papers

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Students will write two short (4 pages, double spaced) response papers to films. The films will be viewed outside of class. The films are Warriors of the Rainbow and Platform.1 (A third film, A Touch of Sin, is assigned for viewing but no response paper is due.) The papers should analyze the films in light of course readings and discussions. A hardcopy of the student’s paper is due at the beginning of class on the deadline specified in the course schedule below.

Final Paper The final paper is a work of original research of at least 15 pages, and with a bibliography of at least 10 sources. The topic is to be chosen in consultation with the professor. The professor is receptive to proposals for non-traditional research formats such as an iMovie (of approximately 5 minutes) or introduced and annotated oral history interview. All such projects much receive the professor’s approval at the outset.

Contacting the Professor Please feel free to come to the posted office hours for any class-related purpose: you can use them to get ahead, as well as to catch-up. At the mid-point in the semester I will require each student to meet with me individually in order to discuss the topic of their final paper. I respond to emails promptly during the week: do not expect immediate replies on weekends or holidays. Although the preferred method of contact is email, I will respond to voicemails within twenty-four hours.

Academic Integrity On both response papers and the final paper you are expected to observe the University policy on academic integrity. Please be careful about proper citation and the dangers of plagiarism. When quoting from the films for the response papers please provide the time on the film in parentheses. For the final paper observe Chicago Manual of Style citation conventions (we will discuss these in class and in a special session with a research librarian at the library). Remember that plagiarism, or copying without attribution, and submitting work as your own work that you have not yourself produced, are violations of the student honor code and of the University’s policy on academic integrity. Note, in particular, the following:

It is perfectly legitimate to exchange ideas with a classmate, even to read and comment on each other’s papers, but it is a violation for two students to collaborate on a single paper unless specifically authorized by a faculty member. Moreover, for two or more students to present modified versions of the same paper as their own work absolutely violates the Code. Papers ordered from or downloaded from paper services on the Internet are not your own work. You may use materials from the Web, but they must be properly cited by providing the full web address of the pages cited and the date on which you accessed the material.

1 Warriors of the Rainbow is about a revolt by headhunting Taiwanese aborigines against the colonial Japanese government. It is a violent film. I am happy to provide non-violent film options to interested students.

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Cheating on papers is not tolerated. Students must familiarize themselves with the Code of Student Conduct policy (NCSU POL11.35.1) and Pack Pledge.

Make Up Examinations and Late Papers Papers are due in class on the assigned dates, as specified in the Course Schedule. There are no excuses for late papers. Papers will be accepted for grading up to one week beyond the due date, but they will be marked down 10 points, the equivalent of one full letter grade. No papers will be accepted more than one week after the due date.

Statement on Online Exchange Students may be required to disclose personally identifiable information to other students in the course, via electronic tools like email or web-postings, where relevant to the course. Examples include online discussions of class topics, and posting of student coursework. All students are expected to respect the privacy of each other by not sharing or using such information outside the course.

Policy on Internet-capable Devices in the Classroom There are legitimate classroom uses for computers and tablets, but unfortunately use of Internet-capable devices in the classroom also hampers crucial elements of the classroom experience. Most importantly, regardless of the purpose to which the student may be using them (i.e., either for legitimate instructional purpose or for inappropriate ones) they covey a sense of disinterest in the course content and classroom discussion. The professor’s strong preference is that students bring print outs of the readings, take notes by hand, and only open computers when requested to for a specific exercise.

Class Evaluations Online class evaluations will be available for students to complete at the end of the semester. Please take the time to provide this valuable feedback. Students will receive an email message directing them to a website where they can login using their Unity ID and complete evaluations. All evaluations are confidential; instructors will not know how any one student responded to any question, and students will not know the ratings for any instructors. For further information please see the evaluation website: http://go.ncsu.edu/cesurvey

The following course schedule is subject to change.

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Course Schedule:

Week 1 Ruptures and Continuities in the Creation of the Modern

Jan. 8 (M) Jan. 10 (W) Course Introduction Hart, “The Peking Legations” Lu Xun, “A Madman’s Diary”

Week 2 Late Qing Anomie and Revival Jan. 15 (M) Jan. 17 (W) No Class (Martin Luther King, Jr. Day) Goossaert, “1898” Judge, “The Factional Function of Print” Widmer, “Foreign Travel through a Woman’s Eyes” Note: There will be no course meeting on this day, but discussion posts are still due (by 6 pm on Jan. 16 (T)

Presentation:

Week 3 The Republic: Anarchists, Communists, Nationalists… and Warlords Jan. 22 (M) Jan. 24 (W) Search for Modern China, chaps. 10-12 Billingsley, “From ‘Bandit Kingdoms’ to Idema and Grant, “The Beheaded Feminist: ‘Bandits’ World’” Qiu Jin” Crossley, “Nationality and Difference in China” Zarrow, “He Zhen and Anarcho- Feminism” Electronic Resource: Dower, “Throwing Off Asia”

Presentation:

Week 4 May 4th Movement Jan. 29 (M) Jan. 31 (W) Search for Modern China, chaps. 13-14 Smith, Resisting Manchukuo, Chaps. 1, 2 Assignment: View Warriors of the Rainbow: Response Paper #1 due

Presentation: Mackinnon, “Toward a History of the Chinese Press in the Republican Period”

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Week 5 Microcosm Shanghai vs. Shanghai Modern Feb. 5 (M) Feb. 7 (W) Ba Jin, “Dog” Judge, “Chinese Women’s History” Fogel, “Shanghai-Japan” Reed, “‘Sooty Sons of Vulcan’” Lee and Nathan, “The Beginnings of Mass Bickers and Wasserstrom, “Shanghai’s Culture” ‘Dogs and Chinese Not Admitted’ Sign” Electronic Resource: Wasserstrom and Nedostup, “Shanghai’s Lens on the News (1)”

Presentation:

Week 6 The Nationalists and the Communists Feb. 12 (M) Feb. 14 (W) Search for Modern China, chaps. 15-16 Martin, “The Green Gang and the Guomindang State” Waldron, “The Warlord”

Week 7 War of Resistance Against Japan

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Feb. 19 (M) Feb. 21 (W) Search for Modern China, chap. 17 Fujiwara, “The Nanking Atrocity” Sen, “Taixu’s Goodwill Mission to India” Brook, “Chinese Collaboration in Nanking”

Week 8 Winning the War and Losing the Peace Feb. 26 (M) Feb. 28 (W) Search for Modern China, chaps. 18-19 Corpse Walker, 3-12, 28-49, 61-72, 111- 192, 277-302 Hershatter, “The Gender of Memory” Presentation: Esherick, “Ten Theses on the Chinese Revolution”

Week 9 No Class (Spring Break)

Week 10 The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution March 12 (M) March 14 (W) For this class only we will meet in ITTC Search for Modern China, chaps. 20-22 Lab 1 in the D.H. Hill library for a library Sutton, “Consuming Counterrevolution” resources workshop with Cynthia Levine ([email protected]) Electronic Resource: Everyday Life in Mao’s China

Week 11 Global Maoisms March 19 (M) March 21 (W) Mullen, “By the Book” Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History Johnson, “From Peace to the Panthers” All: Conclusion and Epilogue Kelley and Esche, “Black Like Mao” Group A: chaps. 2-5 Group B: chaps. 6-10 Group C: chaps. 11-14 Guest Participant: Professor Stephen Ferguson (Department of Philosophy and Assignment: View Platform; Response Religious Studies, NCSU) Paper #2 due

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Week 12 Taking the Capitalist Road March 26 (M) March 28 (W) Corpse Walker, 20-27, 73-92, 193-202 Corpse Walker, 13-19, 50-60, 93-110, 203- 76, 308-18

Presentation: Wang Hui, “Contemporary Chinese Thought”

Week 13 Urbanization April 2 (M) April 4 (W) Search for Modern China, chaps. 23-25 Concrete Dragon, intro and chaps. 1-5

Presentation: Chung, “Moguls of the Chinese Cinema”

Week 14 Destroying the Social Fabric, Trivializing the Past April 9 (M) April 11 (W) Concrete Dragon, A Touch of Sin (view outside of class) Chaps. 6-9 and epilogue

Presentation:

Week 15 Ecological Collapse and the Great Firewall April 16 (M) April 18 (W) Su and Link, “A Collapsing Natural Rowen, “Inside Taiwan’s Sunflower

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Environment?” Movement” Yan, “Food Safety and Social Risk” Wacker, “Resistance is Futile”

Week 16 April 23 (M) April 25 (W) Student Presentations (In-Class) Student Presentations (In-Class)

Final Paper Due Monday May 7 by 1 PM; please turn in a hardcopy at my office.

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Bibliography

Ba Jin. “Dog.” In Joseph S. M. Lau, and Howard Goldblatt, eds. The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature. 2nd ed. 110-115. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. Berge, Daria. “Consuming Secrets: China’s New Print Culture at the Turn of the Twenty- First Century.” In From Woodblocks to the Internet: Chinese Publishing and Print Culture in Transition, Circa 1800 to 2000, edited by Cynthia Brokaw and Christopher A. Reed, 315-32. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Bickers, Robert A., and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom. “Shanghai’s ‘Dogs and Chinese Not Admitted’ Sign: Legend, History and Contemporary Symbol.” The China Quarterly, 142 (1995): 444-66. Billingsley, Phil. “From ‘Bandit Kingdoms’ to ‘Bandits’ World’: The Growth of Banditry Under the Republic.” In Bandits in Republican China, 15-39. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988. Bourg, Julian. “Principally Contradiction: The Flourishing of French Maoism.” In Alexander C. Cook, ed. Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History, 225-44. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Brook, Timothy. “Chinese Collaboration in Nanking.” In The Nanking Atrocity, 1937-38: Complicating the Picture, ed. Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, 149-180. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2007. Chung, Stephanie Po-Yin. “Moguls of the Chinese Cinema: The Story of the Shaw Brothers in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Singapore, 1924-2002.” Modern Asian Studies 41.4 (2007): 665-82. Crossley, Pamela Kyle. “Nationality and Difference in China: The Post-Imperial Dilemma.” In Joshua A. Fogel, ed. The Teleology of the Modern Nation-State: Japan and China, 138-158. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. Esherick, Joseph W. “Ten Theses on the Chinese Revolution.” Modern China 21.1 (1995): 45-76. Fogel, Joshua A. “‘Shanghai-Japan’: The Japanese Residents’ Association of Shanghai.” Journal of Asian Studies 59.4 (2000): 927-50. Fujiwara, Akira. “The Nanking Atrocity: An Interpretive Overview.” In The Nanking Atrocity, 1937-38: Complicating the Picture, ed. Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, 29- 54. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2007. Goossaert, Vincent. “1898: The Beginning of the End for Chinese Religion?” Journal of Asian Studies 65.2 (2006): 307-36. Hart, Robert. “The Peking Legations: A National Uprising and International Episode.” Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, Limited, 1900. Hershatter, Gail. “The Gender of Memory: Rural Chinese Women and the 1950s.” Signs 28.1 (2002): 43-70. Hsiung Ping-chen. “Awash in Money and Searching for Excellence: The Restlessness of Chinese Universities.” In Restless China, edited by Perry Link, Richard P. Madsen, and Paul G. Pickowicz, 237-48. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2013.

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Idema, Wilt L., and Beata Grant. “The Beheaded Feminist: Qiu Jin.” In The Red Brush: Writing Women of Imperial China, 767-808. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2004. Johnson, Matthew D. “From Peace to the Panthers: PRC Engagement with African- American Transnational Networks, 1949-1979.” Past and Present 218 (2013): 233-57. Judge, Joan. “Chinese Women’s History: Global Circuits, Local Meanings.” Journal of Women’s History 25.4 (2013): 224-44. Judge, Joan. “The Factional Function of Print: Liang Qichao, Shibao, and Fissures in the Late Qing Reform Movement.” Late Imperial China 19.1 (1995): 120-140. Kelley, Robin D. G. and Betsy Esche. “Black Like Mao: Red China and Black Revolution.” Souls 1.4 (1999): 6-41. Lee, Leo Ou-fan, and Andrew J. Nathan. “The Beginnings of Mass Culture: Journalism and Fiction in the Late Ch’ing and Beyond.” In David G. Johnson, Andrew J. Nathan, and Evelyn S. Rawski, eds., Popular Culture in Late Imperial China, 360-98. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. Lu Xun. “A Madman’s Diary.” Originally published 1918. From Selected Stories of Lu Hsun. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1960. Acccess via Lu Xun Reference Archive: https://www.marxists.org/archive/lu-xun/1918/04/x01.htm Mackinnon, Stephen R. “The Peiyang Army, Yuan Shih-k’ai, and the Origins of Modern Chinese Warlordism.” Journal of Asian Studies 32.3 (1973): 405-23. Mackinnon, Stephen R. “Toward a History of the Chinese Press in the Republican Period.” Modern China 23.1 (1997): 3-32 Marks, Robert. “Controlling Nature in the People’s Republic of China, 1949-Present.” In China: An Environmental History. 2nd edition. Chapter 7 (307-91). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. Martin, Brian G. “The Green Gang and the Guomindang State: Du Yuesheng and the Politics of Shanghai, 1927-37.” Journal of Asian Studies 54.1 (1995): 64-92. Mullen, Bill V. “By the Book: Quotations from Chairman Mao and the Making of Afro- American Radicalism, 1966-1975.” In Alexander C. Cook, ed. Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History, 245-65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Reed, Christopher Alexander. “ ‘Sooty Sons of Vulcan’: Forging Shanghai’s Printing Machinery, 1895-1937.” In Gutenberg in Shanghai: Chinese Print Capitalism, 1876 – 1937, 128-160. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2004. Rowen, Ian. “Inside Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement: Twenty-Four Days in a Student- Occupied Parliament, and the Future of the Region.” The Journal of Asian Studies 74.1 (2015): 5-21. Shapiro, Judith. Mao’s War Against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Smith, Norman. Resisting Manchukuo: Chinese Women Writers and the Japanese Occupation, 3-40. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2007. Su Xiaokang and Perry Link. “A Collapsing Natural Environment?” In Restless China, edited by Perry Link, Richard P. Madsen, and Paul G. Pickowicz, 215-36. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2013.

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Sutton, Donald S. “Consuming Counterrevolution: The Ritual and Culture of Cannibalism in Wuxuan, Guangxi, China, May to July 1968.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 37.1 (1995): 136-172. Wacker, Gudrun. “Resistance is Futile: Control and Censorship of the Internet in China.” In From Woodblocks to the Internet: Chinese Publishing and Print Culture in Transition, Circa 1800 to 2000, edited by Cynthia Brokaw and Christopher A. Reed, 353-81. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Waldron, Arthur. “The Warlord: Twentieth-Century Chinese Understandings of Violence, Militarism, and Imperialism.” American Historical Review 96.4 (1991): 1073- 1100. Wang Hui. “Contemporary Chinese Thought and the Question of Modernity.” Translated by Rebecca E. Karl. Social Text 55. Special Issue: Intellectual Politics in Post- Tiananmen China (1998): 9-44. Widmer, Ellen. “Foreign Travel through a Woman’s Eyes: Shan Shili’s Guimao lüxing ji in Local and Global Perspective,” Journal of Asian Studies 65.4 (2006): 763-91. Yan Yunxiang. “Food Safety and Social Risk in Contemporary China.” The Journal of Asian Studies 71.3 (2012): 705-29. Yang Guobin. “Mao Quotations in Factional Battles and Their Afterlives: Episodes from Chongqing.” In Alexander C. Cook, ed. Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History, 61-75. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Zarrow, Peter. “He Zhen and Anarcho-Feminism in China.” Journal of Asian Studies 47.4 (1988): 796-813.

Readings to Choose from for Presentations

Harrison, Henrietta. “The Qianlong Emperor’s Letter to George III and the Early- Twentieth-Century Origins of Ideas about Traditional China’s Foreign Relations.” American Historical Review 122.3 (2017): 680–701. Sen, Tansen. “Taixu’s Goodwill Mission to India: Reviving the Buddhist Links between China and India.” In Upinder Singh and Nayanjot Lahiri, eds. Buddhism in Asia: Revival and Reinvention, 293-322. New Dehli: Manohar, 2016.

Electronic Resources

Dower, John W. “Throwing Off Asia II: Woodblock Prints of the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95)” http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/throwing_off_asia_02/toa_essay02.html

Wasserstrom, Jeffrey, and Rebecca Nedostup. “Shanghai’s Lens on the News (1): Dianshizhai Pictorial (1884-98)” http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/dianshizhai/dsz_essay04.html

Everyday Life in Mao’s China https://everydaylifeinmaoschina.org/

Filmography Jia Zhangke, dir. A Touch of Sin (Tian zhu ding). 2013. 2 h. 13 min.

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Jia Zhangke, dir. Platform (Zhantai). 2000. 2 h. 34 min. Wei Te-Sheng, dir. Warriors of the Rainbow (Saideke balai). 2011. 2 h. 24 min

HI 571 Addendum

In the following five grading categories:

1) Class Attendance 2) Participation 3) Presentation of a Course Reading 4) Response Papers 5) Final Paper

Categories 1 and 2 are graded the same for MA students. Regarding 3), rather than presenting on an article, MA students will present on a book selected in consultation with the professor. As for 4), MA students must cite at least two scholarly articles in each response paper. Regarding 5), the final paper is to be 20-25 pages.

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