Rapport annuel 2006 Annual report 2006

Couverture : Cover: Mains, Accords de partenariat économique Hands, Economic Partnership Agreements Pesage du coton graine - Nord Cameroun Weithting of cotton - North Microfinance à Bangui, République centrafricaine - PNUD RCA Microfinance in Bangui, The - UNDP CAR Colloque - Sessions sur les APE Conference - EPAs sessions

3 Sommaire Summary

Innovating 06 Innover The FARM Foundation, FARM, une approche an innovative approach innovante pour to the agriculture les agricultures du Sud in the southern hemisphere

Building 10 Construire A foundation for expertise, Une fondation d’expertise, training and action de formation et d’action

Exchanging 14 Échanger A new way of looking at Un regard autre agricultural policy sur les politiques agricoles

Training 20 Former Training La formation of cotton growers des producteurs de coton

Proposing 28 Proposer Launching Lancement working groups des groupes de travail

Informing 30 Informer Facilitation of meeting Favoriser la rencontre

Perspectives 34 Perspectives Our perspectives 2007, nos perspectives

The staff 36 L’équipe

3

Foreword

he FARM Foundation (for World Agri- Along these lines, FARM is engaged on two priority culture and Rural Life), which was founded areas for action, one reflective and one operational. by the common will of several large compa- First of all, the conference “What future framework T nies to improve agriculture and agricultural for agricultural policy tomorrow in Europe and in industries in the least developed countries, herein developing countries?”, organized in conjunction publishes its first Annual Report. Founding firms – with Notre Europe and Pluriagri, focused on the Casino, Limagrain, Suez, Crédit Agricole, S.A., the critical question of the effects of the proposed French Development Agency, Air , the GNIS Economic Partnership Agreements on agriculture (the national inter-professional organization for in ACP countries. The conference helped foster a seeds and planting materials), and Sofiprotéol – convergence of interests of farmers in the North decided to pool their skills, experience and resour- and in the South. ces in an effort to combat hunger by helping small farmers earn a decent living. On another front, FARM is working on a proposed university, in fact a full-fledged With the groundwork laid by a precursor not- business school, devoted to the African cotton for-profit organization established in December growing industry, largely as a response to 2004, FARM was officially recognized as “an demand by the African Cotton Producers’ organization of common public interest” on Association, AProCA. Supported by FARM, this February 20, 2006. On April 25, 2006 the Board project also includes the renowned business of Directors held its first meeting. school HEC- as a partner. It has also recently received the support of European Its first months of activity have confirmed the institutions, of French and African public initial analysis. A new generation of agricultural officials, and of several large companies. sector professionals in the South seeks to increase regional trade as well as the FARM in this and other ways keeps an open ear to competitiveness of Southern agriculture on Southern hemisphere agricultural professionals world markets. The approach this movement while working to solicit private initiatives and takes is entrepreneurial and focuses on training encourage public policies for implementing producers. This new generation looks to needed programs. By working along these lines, establish partnerships and reorganize farming modestly but with determination, FARM will be sectors as well as to increase its skill set by able to contribute to the rise of an agriculture that gaining access to the most useful know-how. is both efficient and environmentally sound, one that works effectively against famine, poverty and At the same time, international actors are underdevelopment. This is the vision FARM invites refocusing their attention on agricultural issues. potential partners and members to share. The World Bank has consecrated its 2008 Development Report to agricultural René Carron development. Negotiations between the Chairman of the Board European Union on the one hand and the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) on the other hand give primary emphasis to Bernard Bachelier agricultural specificities. Director

4

Innovating

The FARM Foundation, an innovative approach to the agriculture in the southern hemisphere

he founding of FARM has brought some creative responses to the problems T of agriculture in the South.

CHALLENGES FACING AGRICULTURE IN THE SOUTH

Hunger afflicts more than 800 million individuals worldwide. In 500 million people have no other source of revenue than agriculture and no access to trade except agricultural markets. And 70% of those in poverty live in Asking for a loan of a peasant organization at the Credit Agricole office - rural areas. One of the surest means to improve the lot of poor rural populations is professional organizations as a GOALS to improve agriculture, which is way to help structure rural also a key factor in the health and societies. The aim of these orga- The challenges and opportunities growth of the economy overall. nizations is to develop economic of Southern agriculture call for a Nevertheless many States have not impact through partnerships and clear and concerted response by yet embarked upon a course of activities in line with the mandate actors in the North. Accordingly, agriculture modernization. At the given them by their membership, the companies Casino, Credit same time, the primary sector no while also becoming known to Agricole S.A., Suez, Air France, longer captures the attention of public authorities and funding and Limagrain, together with the national and international funding institutions for their effective French Development Agency institutions. action. (AFD), the National Interpro- fessional Association of French Professional organizations have Plant and Seed Producers (GNIS), THE RISE OF PROFESSIONAL therefore become essential and with the encouragement PRODUCERS' partners for developing and of the French government, foun- ORGANIZATIONS implementing new approaches to ded FARM, the Foundation for IN THE SOUTH rural and agricultural policy that World Agriculture and Rural Life. would increase producer incomes (The company Sofiprotéol is a These challenges have spurred and improve the competitivity of friend of the Foundation.) Their growers and other professionals agricultural sectors across the objective is to put their experience, to come together to form Southern hemisphere. knowledge, know-how, and capacity

6 Innovating

for action to use to help develop the G Professional organizations and AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH agricultural sectors of the poorest the profession of farming. countries in the South. Taken together, FARM's program In order to concentrate its action and priorities mean that the on responding to the most pressing MEANS Foundation is: needs, FARM, although it covers OF ACTION G A ground for organizing conferences the whole of the developing world, and seminars for the purpose of: is particularly focused on the Action and reflection come situation in the least developed together at FARM, the latter being - Contributing to knowledge acqui- countries of Africa the Carribean an essential step in any activity sition by Southern hemisphere and the Pacific (ACP). aiming to respond effectively to farmers; the needs of actors in the field. - Helping agricultural professio- The two are carried out in a spirit nals and economic actors in the PRIORITY AREAS of partnership and openness. South get the training they need; - Promoting knowledge exchange FARM has identified certain This method is intended to among agricultural organizations. thematic areas for focused action, generate proposals for action based on the experiences of its likely to have a positive effect on G A center for initiating, coordinating, members and the expectations of on-the-ground reality and to do so and disseminating the results of on- its partners. These include: in along three main lines. the-ground projects and actions, by:

G Competitivity of agricultural sec- First of all participating in the - Responding to needs expressed tors, such as the cotton-growing debate on what agricultural by and working with agricultural industry; policies and strategies to pursue professionals; in the least developed countries - Undertaking experimental pro- G International trade rules, and bi- (LDCs). jects with other actors; and multi-lateral agreements; - Increasing the coherence between Next, training and informing pro- French and European-level G Food sovereignty; fessionals and economic actors in actions. the sectors concerned. G Financing for agriculture (micro- G A place for exchange, reflection credit, banking services, risk And finally disseminating skills, and influence through: management, insurance, etc.); know-how and technologies through partnering in innovative - Shared analyses of the current G Agricultural environment and the projects. realities, technical progress, and essentials of rural life (water, energy); specific economic traits of agri- In addition, FARM has a role to cultural trade; G Innovation and technical progress; play informing public opinion to - Collective elaboration of action increase awareness of the stakes proposals; G Market access, outlets, logistics, involved and to encourage public - Participation in international marketing of agricultural products; officials in their priorities. debate.

8

Building

A foundation for expertise, training and action BEGINNINGS AS A NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATION

or the first year of its life, FARM was a not-for-profit Composition of the board of directors organization, which allo- FOUNDERS F wed it to pursue the for- René Carron, Chairman of Crédit Agricole S.A., chairman malities necessary to become a Jean-Louis Blanc, Director of Sales and Marketing for France of Suez, foundation under French law. treasurer FARM now enjoys the status of Jean-Yves Grosclaude, Director of rural development, environment and "organization of common public natural ressources of the French Development Agency (AFD) interest", a French legal status for Jean-Claude Guillon, Director of Corporate Strategy and qualifying not-for-profit organi- Communication for Limagrain zations and enabling it to receive Thierry Bourgeron, Director of Human Resources for the Casino Group charitable contributions. The first (replaced Benoît Cornu) year was also a chance for FARM to assemble a staff and launch its first FRIENDS OF THE FOUNDATION initiatives. Erik Orsenna, Member of the French Academy, Member of the Council of State, vice-president Christian de Boissieu, President of the Economic Analysis Council FARM'S BOARD (CAE), President of the Ministry of Agriculture Council for European and International Food and Agriculture Forecasting (COPEIAA) OF DIRECTORS Xavier Beulin, President of Sofiprotéol

The Board of FARM is composed EMINENT PERSONS of individuals of wide geographical Jean-Paul Betbèze, Chaired Professor of the French University origin and professional back- and Chief Economist, Crédit Agricole S.A, secretary ground who bring to FARM a rich Michel Camdessus, former Governor of the Bank of France and former set of experience. The fifteen Director of the International Monetary Fund members of the Board include five Ndiobo Diène, Permanent Secretary of the Forum du Dakar Agricole founders (the "founders college"), Françoise Foning, President of the World Association of Women three "friends of the foundation", Entrepreneurs – FECM and seven other Eminent Persons. Hervé Lejeune, Inspector General for Agriculture In addition, a government com- Jean-Michel Lemétayer, cattle farmer, President of the National missioner is named by the Federation of Farm workers’ Unions (FNSEA), President of the Ministry of the Interior. Agricultural Producers’ Show of the Carrefour Européen (SPACE) During 2006 the Board met twice, in April and November, in order to GOVERNMENT COMMISSIONER Christian Ligeard, Chief of the international relations bureau set out the main avenues of of the Department of International Economic Policy of the French FARM's endeavors, as described Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (DGPEI). in the current document.

10

Building

THE ADVISORY COUNCIL

FARM's Advisory Council is comprised of around fifteen individuals chosen for their pro- minence in a wide range of scientific fields on four continents, who have consented to contribute in Members of the Advisory Council this capacity. The Council met for the first time on September 27, Michel Petit, Agronomist and economist, Professor at the 2006 at which time it formulated its Mediterranean Agronomy Institute of Montpellier (IAMM), advice on the action program of the president Foundation. The Council continues Jean-Christophe Debar, Director of Agri US, vice-president to fulfill its role in future planning, Jean-Paul Azam, Economist, the Center for Industrial strategic development, and evalua- Economics of Toulouse tion of actions undertaken by the Foundation. Henri Carsalade, President of Agropolis Alain Choppin de Janvry, Professor of Agricultural Economics The Council offers valuable help at the University of California at Berkeley - (US) to the Foundation in accurately Lionel Fontagné, Professor of Economics at the University situating its program in the inter- of Paris I national context, while contributing Alia Gana, Professor of Rural Sociology at the University to the originality and specificity of of Tunis - (Tunisia) the FARM program. For example, the Council was instrumental in Suresh Gokhalé, Veterinary, Vice-President of the Bharatiya refining the objectives of the Agro Industries Foundation (BAIF), Urulikanchan Pune - (India) training program for cotton sector Marcos Jank, President of the Institute for International Trade professionals better to respond Negotiations (ICONE) - () to production constraints and Thiendou Niang, Director of the Network of Agricultural the international trade context. Policy Experts (REPA) - (Senegal) Additionally, the Council has helped Martin Nissen, Councillor for "consumer protection FARM ground its proposals on and agriculture" at the Germany Embassy in Paris - (Germany) scholarly research and on a variety of analyses. Marie-Andrée Tall, President of Association Afrique AgroEXport - (Senegal) Eugene Robert Terry, Director of African Agricultural FUNDING Technology Foundation (AATF), President of the World Agroforestry Center in Nairobi - (Kenya) The founding endowment of FARM, as required for a Foundation, was constituted by the donations of the founders, each of whom has pledged to contribute a million euros over a period of five years. In addition, other members have made contributions and the French government contributed 2.45 million euros. The Foundation's budget amounted to approximately one million euros for the fiscal year 2006.

12

Exchanging

A new way of looking at agricultural policy

ARM represents a concer- ted effort to look at agri- cultural questions diffe- F rently, by taking into account the perspective of Southern hemisphere farmers, an approach that resulted in its' orga- 2 nizing a broad international confe- 1 rence on the current state of affairs in agriculture both in Europe and in developing countries.

A STIMULATING CONFERENCE THAT WAS USEFUL 3 4 AND PERTINENT

The conference "What Future Framework for Agricultural Policy Conference: in Europe and Developing 1- EPAs sessions Countries?" was held in Paris on 2- Ibrahim Mayaki November 27-29, organized 3- Edgard Pisani jointly by Notre Europe, Pluriagri, 4- René Carron and Bernard Petit 5 and FARM. The goal of the 5- Auditorium conference was to bring face-to- face varying analyses of the changes occurring in world will have an impact on farmers at in the light of both the state of agriculture, while emphasizing everywhere and on the future of technology and the productive the European Union and the ACP the sector: WTO Doha Round capacities of various regions countries. The conference brought talks; EU CAP reform for 2013 around the world. together agricultural professionals, preceded by a mid-course report experts especially in economics, in 2008; Economic Partnership The lively participation by some 400 and policymakers from the Agreements (EPA) negotiations individuals over three days, with European Union, Africa and the between the EU and ACP average session attendance of 180, Americas. countries. At the same time, combined with the density of the new demand for biofuels, or debate between speakers and the Useful analytic work was for health and environmental audience, proved the importance of accomplished. Agriculture inter- considerations in food consumption looking at these questions together. nationally is facing decisions that and production need to be looked Speakers at the conference

14

Exchanging

included Dominique Bussereau, participating in the EPAs. On one Soumaïla Cissé, Erik Orsenna, hand the agreements call for the Conference Henri Nallet, Bernard Petit, Edgard development of real regional sessions Pisani, Mamadou Cissokho, markets that would give a boost to Ibrahim Mayaki, Christian de local agricultures seeking to Boissieu and Xavier Beulin. increase and improve their 1. Mid-term markets perspec- tives products, but on the other it The first two sessions focused would expose these products to 2. World agriculture supply and debate on the impact that biofuel competition from EU products that demand : possible changes and demand is having and is likely to would be difficult to survive. their consequences for European have on markets and prices for agriculture ? cereals, oleaginous crops, and In order to overcome these sugar, in light of both recent and obstacles, the ACP countries would 3. Agriculture and European societies in the 21st century near-future technologies. be allowed to protect sensitive products, especially fresh goods, 4. Economic partnership agree- The third session was devoted to a through the use of currently ments (EPAs) : what are options survey of societal demands and existing tariff barriers. In addition, facing developing nations? expectations of agriculture in these countries would have the various European countries with possibility of implementing activist 5. EPAs : non-tariff market regu- special attention on new EU public policies to accompany the lations member States. implementation of free trade, with 6. EPAs : what are the expecta- appropriate mechanisms and lead tions for the results of negotia- The last three sessions, organized times. Finally, the necessary macro- tions ? by FARM, tackled an important economic policies at the regional and pressing subject for ACP level are foreseen by the agree- countries: the likely effects of the ments. proposed EPAs (Economic Part- nership Agreements) on their Despite these precautions, EPA agricultural sectors. While it is talks have revealed a low degree of true that since 1975 the ACP coherence between national and countries have enjoyed very regional agricultural policies. favorable trade terms for its Moreover, regional agricultural primary goods on European policies are rarely mentioned, but markets, the beneficial effects of without which the risk of missing these terms have not been felt as the opportunity presented by these expected on local economies. agreements is high. The situation Moreover, they are no longer is aggravated by a lack of realistic compatible with WTO rules, and so models of agricultural develop- the EU along with the six trade ment; often ACP policymakers zones constituting the ACP oppose family farming to modern launched negotiations slated to agriculture, thus rendering impos- conclude by January 1, 2008. These sible an approach built around negotiations ought to result in new modern, innovative family farming. terms of trade based on free trade It is urgent therefore to reinforce and applicable to ACP countries. now the level of ACP knowledge in The latter would have the option of this area.

16

Exchanging

A HISTORIC STAGE FOR THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ACP COUNTRIES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

Trade relations between the European Union and ACP countries are governed by a system of non-reciprocal preferences progressively put into place first the Lomé Agreements.

Since 1975 ACP countries benefit from preferential access to European markets; their exports are subject to more favorable duties and tariffs than those imposed by the EU on goods from other countries outside the Union. These preferences are non-reciprocal in that ACP countries are not bound to offering the same favorable terms for access to their local markets by EU goods.

Agricultural goods are subject to preferences often limited in scope. While tropical products having no competitor among European products enjoy duty-free access to EU markets, other products are subject to varying restrictions in the form of quotas, customs duties, or seasonal restrictions tied to European growing seasons.

Banana, rum and beef imports, for example, are governed by specific "protocols" limiting either the amount that can be imported, as in the case of bananas and rum, or the amount that can be sold at the EU market price (higher than world prices), as in the case of beef or sugar. These quantities also benefit from steep reductions in customs duties.

Despite these commercial advantages, ACP share in world trade has dropped steadily for the 77 ACP nations taken as a whole, among which are 39 countries considered as LDCs, with annual per capita income of less than 900 USD.

Currently under negotiation, the EPAs are destined to be reciprocal but asymmetrical free-trade agreements between the EU on one hand and each one of the six ACP regions on the other. European goods would have free access to ACP markets and vice versa. The agree- ments would be bilateral trade agreements freeing up "substantially all" trade, as stipulated by article XXIV of the GATT, which does not specify in exact terms how much of total trade should be liberalized.

According to the EU interpretation this means about 90% of all trade, and that this figure should be the per-partner average overall. And this average can include a greater share of EU imports liberalized than those of ACP countries; the EPAs are therefore asymmetrical.

18

Training

Training of cotton growers

he dire situation of African cotton and the ties FARM enjoys with T producers' organizations have dictated a large part of FARM's activity during 2006.

Cotton growing is an agricultural success story throughout West and Central Africa. Cotton production and export is a vital element in the economic welfare of more than ten million persons. Cotton transport - Senegal Falling world prices therefore spell disaster for the entire sector. If solutions are not implemen- Producers (AProCA) and now are A vital but unresolved issue" ted, severe consequences in in a position to be better heard. identified the consequences for economic, social and political African cotton industries of the terms, including widespread suspension of WTO talks. impoverishment and rural exodus CONTRIBUTING are to be expected. As illustrated THE AFRICAN COTTON- G A second and larger publishing by the recent book by Erik GROWING INDUSTRY of "Le livre blanc sur le coton" (by Orsenna, ”Voyage aux pays du TO BE KNOWN Maisonneuve & Larose) in conjunc- coton”, the problem is a global tion with the NGO Environnement one and the need to take To increase general under- et Développement du Tiers Monde. measures to ensure the compe- standing of the cotton question, This work analyzes the situation in titiveness of African cotton FARM has issued a number of which cotton producing countries growing is unavoidable, whatever publications. find themselves and the resistance the outcomes of trade talks in mounted by four African countries international circles. G In November 2005, a first FARM in the context of the WTO. Briefing entitled "Cotton: The Faced with this situation, African Stakes for Africa" revealed the G FARM also ordered a study by a producers cannot afford to remain importance of this successful researcher at the University of silent. Yet too often their voice is African product both in economic Toulouse on the social and inaudible, misunderstood or terms as well as in the fight economic effects of cotton sector overlooked. To counter this against poverty on the African reform in Burkina Faso. This problem, producers from 13 West continent. study, carried out in close and Central African countries collaboration with the staff of banded together to form the G In April 2006, a Briefing on FARM, has been available on line Association of African Cotton "African Cotton after Hong Kong: since January 2007.

20 Training

A MAJOR PROJECT: PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING

A PILOT PROGRAM THE UNIVERSITY OF technicians and their employers, FOR TRAINING FIRM COTTON PROJECT: such as cotton companies or MANAGERS: A FIRST AN INITIATIVE public agencies. The programs RESPONSE TO THE NEEDS BY AFRICAN PRODUCERS will give first priority to OF AFRICAN GROWERS management skills to help industry The University of Cotton repre- professionals gain effectiveness At the request of the leaders of the sents an initiative by AProCA for a and be able to adapt to changes. African cotton sector, FARM way to furnish management Training programs will also organized a trial training program training to African professionals involve other elements such in firm management for African so that they can make their firms as research, dissemination of cotton industry actors, held from more profitable and become innovative techniques and social September 12 to 20, 2006 in competitive on international aspects. Similarly, programs will Sèvres, near Paris. Participants markets. be conceived to take into account included a score of managers the overall domestic and inter- from AProCA as well as from FARM and AProCA turned to national policy environment. The national growers unions in Benin, Paris' renowned business school development of the University Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Ivory HEC (Ecole des Hautes Etudes will draw on structures in Coast, , Senegal, Chad and Commerciales) for a study of the the industry already, namely Togo. feasibility of the University. producers' organizations and their Besides the workshop described partners. The workshop identified the above, the study involved field actions and tools needed for missions to several African If it is to succeed, the University of producers to manage more countries to meet with Cotton ought to be closely tied to effectively their national profes- professionals and other direct the activities of AProCA. A sional unions so that the actors in the industry, and to founders committee comprising latter become more powerful listen to their needs and their members of AProCA, FARM and negotiators in the industry. It also expectations. The study resulted HEC will have the responsibility of addressed the question of setting in the development of a working getting it off the ground. up inter-professional organi- project. zations. Results were positive; This project is sufficiently organizations of African cotton The University of Cotton will advanced that already certain professionals were able to forge contribute to the growth and conclusions can be drawn from it. ties with French producers competitiveness of the industry First of all, a University of Cotton in particular in oleaginous indus- and to the improvement of responds to a demand by African tries, thus stimulating a new growers' revenues thanks to a professional organizations. The dynamic between these groups. long term investment in latter have participated closely in knowledge and innovation the project's decisional process The workshop also resulted in resulting in better performances and are fully behind it. defining a permanent program of on regional and world markets. management training and training The educational program will For another thing, it is clear that the in lobbying for managers and include a specialized Master's University will help professionalize officials in the cotton growing degree offered to young graduates African producers' associations. industry. The event was followed or managers already working. Another conclusion that can be by the first meeting of a steering Continuing education will include made is that the participation of a committee for the establishment programs aimed at professionals, renowned business school with of a University of Cotton. elected officials and agricultural its pedagogical experience and

22

Training

THE UNIVERSITY OF COTTON EARNED THE SUPPORT OF HEADS OF STATE AND OF GOVERNMENTS, AS WELL AS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The heads of State of Africa and France, meeting for their XXIVth conference in Cannes on February 15-16, 2007, expressed their wish for the "implementation of innovative mechanisms to counter the ill effects of world price volatility", as well as for the "modernization of industries" and "actions for professional training", while stating that Weighting of cotton - North Cameroon "the establishment of a University of Cotton, supported by France and the European Union will contribute to these goals".

THE UNIVERSITY OF COTTON: THE APPEAL OF FRANÇOIS TRAORÉ

The Association of African Cotton Producers (AProCA) was founded in December 2004, and it is composed of producers' unions from Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, the , Mali, Senegal, and Togo. It's President, François Traoré, seized the occasion of the Africa-France Summit to launch an appeal: It is my desire that this project quickly takes concrete form and thereby distinguishes itself from the many initiatives whose noise is much greater than their results. I want to see small growers located in out-of-the-way areas feel direct positive results of this project in the next 2-3 years, in their day-to-day life. The biggest success this school can have in either the medium or the long term is an increase in the earnings of cotton growers. I launch this appeal to African leaders, to the leaders of panAfrican institutions (CEDEAO, UEMOA), and to all partners of good will to accompany us in the realization of this hope.

26

Proposing

Launching working groups

ARM has set up working groups comprising technicians, experts and men and women from the field to take a hands-on look at a particular F issue of current concern to agriculture.

MICROFINANCE

The objective of this group is to specify the role of microfinance in financing agriculture and to define the conditions for the success of microfinance networks. The first step is collecting information from successful projects, analysing it and developing models for new projects. Early examples, from , from West Africa, and from Ethiopia show the importance of partnerships between microfinance networks and agricultural organizations.

WATER Manual watering still remains usual - Burkina Faso This working group, composed of a dozen professionals and experts in the area of water in rural areas of developing countries, held its first meeting in October, 2006. It identified the most MARKETING pressing needs in its area, ones often neglected, and AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND set the main lines of its program. First of all the INNOVATION group intends to use a pluridisciplinary approach to send new light on the competition between drinking Since the beginning of 2007 FARM has been putting water and water for irrigation in Central and Western together working groups on innovation and on Africa, from now to 2050. Next, the group will work on marketing agricultural products, the former reflecting training for public and private sector water services the technological changes taking place in biology, managers in rural areas. Finally, the group is information and agricultural production, while the latter committed to identifying pilot projects in the use aims to respond to questions of outlets and the of light, small-scale techniques for the potabilization of increasing need for know-how in the marketing of used agricultural water in rural areas, drawing on primary products in the face of rapid change in both the innovative technologies. practices and the regulation of trade.

28 Informing

Facilitation of meeting

THE INTERNET SITE

The Internet site of FARM opened on March 21, 2006, in both French and English. The site makes available FARM publications and informs visitors about Foundation FARM’s activities as well as about events website in its sphere of action. Disseminating information, syn- theses, research results, and points of view is an important part of the work of the Foundation. The Internet site is a first step towards making publications widely available free of charge, throughout the world and especially for agricultural actors IFDC Representatives (International Center for Soil Fertility and Agricultural in the Southern hemisphere. The Development) with Denis Herbel and Jean-Paul Betbèze at SIA 2006 site is particularly aimed at decision-makers and potential also a good opportunity to invite round table discussion of this partners. The site is now indexed African cotton-growing industry question featuring Farba Senghor, with search engines, and soon a professionals to meet with their the Senegalese Minister of newsletter will be launched. French counterparts. Agriculture, Jacques Diouf, Director General of the FAO, Cotton producers and cotton Ndiobo Diène, Director of FARM AT PARIS' company officials defended their Research, Forecasting and INTERNATIONAL positions at FARM's exhibit space, Statistics for the Senegalese AGRICULTURE SHOW (SIA) with FARM organizing a workshop Ministry of Agriculture, Demba on "After Hong Kong, what next?" Kebe, Advisor to the Minister of FARM was an active participant at in conjunction with the French Agriculture of Mali, Pierre Jacquet, the Agriculture Show (February Development Agency (AFD) and Director of Strategy for the AFD, 25 to March 5, 2006), an important DAGRIS. and Xavier Beulin, President of date every year for both Sofiprotéol. FARM also initiated professionals and the general FARM also organized with the FAO a presentation on the theme public. The stand was the a presentation on the theme "After Hong Kong: The outlook for occasion for FARM to launch its "Can agricultural trade reduce farmers from both North and logo and its Internet site. It was poverty?". Also with the FAO, a South", with the participation of

30 Informing

François Vanier of French Farmers poverty which had aimed to improve STUDIES and International Development conditions for the 100 million poorest AND RESEARCH (AFDI), Gaël Grosmaire from in the world by the end of 2005. Young Farmers (JA) and Ndobo FARM's role in promoting appro- Diène. Lastly, a round table on the FARM contributed to: priate research began in earnest in question "What is the world 2006 with the production of several food outlook?" brought together G The Regional Forum held at studies and publications. FARM researchers from French and Bamako, Mali on January 16-18, 2007 pursued this vocation in part African agronomy institutes to and concerned with drawing by hosting young researchers share points of view. lessons from the experiences of commissioned to carry out specific small farmer organizations, and in projects. For example, Albert particular on the questions of Munyankundi, a doctoral student EVENTS market access and the marketing was an intern at FARM to prepare a of agricultural goods. report on the place of agriculture in FARM initiated or participated in decentralized aid to development. the following events: G The making of the film "Sugar In this way, FARM fosters the and Flowers in our Engines" production of research in its focus G The advance preview of the film directed by Jean-Michel Rodrigo, areas and the exploration of chosen "Sur les routes du coton", directed shown on French television on themes. by Joël Calmettes and written by October 23. This acclaimed docu- Erik Orsenna. The film inspired mentary looked at changes in the FARM also produced five synthetic from “Voyage aux pays du coton” sugar producing sector and the reports on subjects of current recounts travels along the various production of biofuel from sugar. concern to society. Two mentioned cotton routes and visits cotton above treated the subject of cotton, growing organizations and cotton FARM organized: and three others looked at: companies in Africa (Mali), the - "Will there be a new equilibrium Americas (US, Brazil), China, and A field mission to Senegal, for sugar?"; finally the Vosges in France. Burkina, and Mali on July 1-9, - "International trade and the 2006 to present a pilot program of banana: between evolution and G A conference on "Farmers training in firm management to revolution"; Against Poverty" held in Arnheim officials of agricultural profes- - "Mechanisms for Special and in the Netherlands on May 31 – sional organizations . Differentiated Treatment in June 1 and initiated by agricultural Agriculture". professional organizations and FARM supported: their offshoots, so-called agri- agencies. Questions addressed The lecture and debate on micro- included: How can the millenium credit by Professor Mohammad goals be attained? How to reduce Yunus, founder of the Grameen poverty and ensure food security? Bank, Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 2006, organized by Reporters for G On the occasion of the publication Hope on December 17, 2006 in Paris. of the book "Feeding the Planet" by Michel Griffon, a discussion was led by Bernard Bachelier on October 5, 2006 at the Centre National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM).

G The world microcredit summit took place on November 12-15, 2006 in Halifax, Canada and brought together 2000 delegates from 110 countries. The summit focused on evaluating progress Poster of lecture and debate made in the campaign to reduce by Mohammad Yunus

32

Perspectives

Our perspectives

ollowing the main lines set out by its founders, FARM sets its perspecti- F ves in function of both the main themes being discussed in North-South relations and field- level realities. In keeping with this approach, 2007 will be a year for deepening the work begun in the first two years, and in particular on the subjects of cotton and the EPA. Coming themes include first microfinance and then marketing Poster of Tech for food of agricultural products. Herd - Niger

Cotton will continue to be an agricultural sector. This theme essential focal point of FARM's was also the main thread of activity. Priority will be given to the FARM's presentation at the 2007 by product, and an analysis of the University of Cotton, so that Agriculture Show in Paris and will effects of free trade on on-site African cotton production will be taken up again at the transformation of agricultural have its own "business school". International Conference FARM is production. It will also look at the The Foundation will reinforce organizing in conjunction with marketing of products from the existing ties between AProCA and HEC and IGPDE on December standpoint of large-scale pro- HEC-Paris while bringing new 4-6, 2007, at the Pierre Mendès ductions like cereals, the role of the partners, sponsors, and funders France Conference Center. This State and of private firms, and the into the project. FARM will conference is entitled "What Role creation of virtuous circles on the continue to follow closely changes for Microfinance in Agriculture supply end, without neglecting taking place in the cotton sector in Developing Countries?" and questions relating to fair trade. in Africa, France and the world. will examine how best micro- It will invest in sectorial studies finance can serve the needs of Following up on the international such as those aimed at increasing agriculture. conference in November 2006, growers' revenues through FARM will pursue its work on the transformation of by-products of The working group on the topic of EPAs especially through original the cotton growing process. water will continue its work in analyses carried out from the light of the importance water point of view of the South. The A second priority area for 2007 management for an environ- Foundation will disseminate as will be microcredit. The working mentally sound and sustainable widely as possible its studies in the group on this subject includes agriculture in the South and in the aim of becoming a useful tool for Crédit Agricole S.A., the Crédit future, a major preoccupation of reflection at the service of ACP Agricole Consultants, the FARM that cuts across all of its countries. Institute for Public Management thematic areas. and Economic Development Lastly, FARM will continue to extend (IGPDE), HEC-Paris business The marketing of agricultural its partnerships with firms, with school, the AFD, the Committee products will become an essential institutions both public and private, for Exchange, Reflection and question at FARM in the next two with research institutes, universities Information on Savings and Loan years. The working group on this and with foundations. Nonetheless, Systems (CERISE), and PlaNet subject will focus on training relations with producer organi- Finance. Their task is to evaluate for marketing, on sustainable zations will continue to occupy a microfinance activity in the development of agricultural sectors special place at FARM.

34 The staff

At the end of 2006 FARM’s staff was composed of Fin 2006, l’équipe de FARM comportait onze person- 11 individuals from various backgrounds, reflecting nes venues d’horizons différents, reflétant une partie the varied partnerships that gave rise to FARM in the des partenariats qui ont facilité sa naissance. Ainsi, first place. Ten people - either full or part-time - 10 personnes sont mises à disposition - à temps plein have been placed at FARM's disposition by Crédit ou partiel - de la fondation par le Crédit Agricole S.A. Agricole S.A. (4), by The Center for International (4), le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche Cooperation in Agronomic Research for Development agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) (2), le (CIRAD) (2), by the Ministry of Agriculture and ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche (1), le ministère Fisheries (1), by the Ministry for National Education de l’Éducation nationale (1), le Conseil général de (1), by The General Council for Food, Agriculture and l’Agriculture, de l’Alimentation et des Espaces ruraux Rural Areas (1), and by Developement of Southern (1), Développement des Agro-industries du Sud agricultural industries (DAGRIS) (1). The Foundation's (DAGRIS) (1). La fondation a procédé au premier first recruitment was for an agronomic engineer, in recrutement direct d’une ingénieure agronome August 2006. fin août 2006.

36 L’équipe

Bernard BACHELIER Richard MARTINEZ Directeur Secrétaire général Director General secretary 00 33 (0)1 43 23 61 98 00 33 (0)1 57 72 09 78 [email protected] [email protected]

Cecilia BELLORA Philippe MANGÉ Chargée de mission Chargé de mission Project leader Project leader 00 33 (0)1 43 23 68 14 00 33 (0)1 43 23 74 33 [email protected] [email protected]

Jacques BILLOD Bruno MARTIN Gestionnaire Webmaster Administrative manager 00 33 (0)1 43 23 65 02 00 33 (0)1 43 23 32 13 [email protected] [email protected]

Reynald EVANGELISTA Solène MORVANT Chargé de mission Chargée de mission, Project leader Project leader 00 33 (0)1 43 23 00 10 00 33 (0)1 43 23 00 17 [email protected] [email protected]

Denis HERBEL François POINTEREAU Chargé de mission Chargé de mission Project leader Project leader 00 33 (0)1 57 72 05 28 00 33 (0)1 57 72 04 42 [email protected] [email protected]

Christine KAEHLIN Patricia RAFFIN Responsable des évènements Assistante du directeur Events coordinator Assistant of Director 00 33 (0)1 57 72 24 92 00 33 (0)1 57 72 07 19 [email protected] [email protected]

Sophie KAMECH Solange SALVA Documentaliste Chargée de gestion administrative, Librarian-documentalist Assistant 00 33 (0)1 43 23 44 24 00 33 (0)1 57 72 20 55 [email protected] [email protected]

37

Crédits photos : Page 26 : © FARM – HEC Pesage du coton graine, Nord Cameroun

Couverture : © FARM - HEC Page 27 : © Alfredo Salazar - François Traoré Pesage du coton graine, Nord Cameroun Page 28 : © IRD - Gérard Parent - Arrosage à la main Couverture : © Marlène Nzengou/PNUD RCA Microfinance à Bangui, République Centrafricaine Page 29 : © IRD, Aline Munier - Grenier à grains, Bénin

Couverture : © Alain Goulard Page 30 : © Alfredo Salazar - Délégation IFDC, Colloque, sessions sur les APE Denis Herbel et Jean-Paul Betbèze

Page 5 : © Hervé Thouroude - René Carron Page 31: © Alfredo Salazar - Jacques Diouf

Page 5 : © Alain Goulard - Bernard Bachelier Page 31 : © Alfredo Salazar - Jacques Chirac, René Carron et Hervé Lejeune Page 6 : © IRD Xavier Le Roy Organisation paysanne Page 32 : © Reporters d’Espoirs

Page 7 : © FARM - Formation pilote en management Page 33 : © Editions Fayard - Couverture du livre « Voyage aux pays du coton » Page 14 : © Alain Goulard - Colloque : sessions APE, Ibrahim Mayaki, Edgard Pisani, René Carron Page 33 : © Mécanos productions et Bernard Petit, auditorium « Du sucre des fleurs dans nos moteurs… »

Page 15 : © Alain Goulard - Colloque : Xavier Page 34 : © CNES - ROLEX, Eric Vandeville Beulin et Mamadou Cissokho, Erik Orsenna, Affiche du Forum Tech for Food Dominique Bussereau, auditorium, Soumaïla Cissé et René Carron Page 34 : © IRD, Edmond Bernus Troupeau au Niger Page 20 : © IRD Olivier Barrière - Transport du coton Page 35 : © IRD, Xavier Le Roy - Agriculture Page 21 : © FARM - irriguée au Sénégal Formation pilote pour l’Université du coton Page 35 : © FARM - Stand de FARM au SIA 2007 Page 21 : © FARM - HEC Déchargement du coton graine Page 36 : © Alain Goulard - L’équipe de FARM

Chef de projet : Richard Martinez Coordination : Sophie Kamech Traduction : Timothy Carlson Conception graphique : Valérie Ogé et Christine Lecomte Conseil en communication : Les Sophistes

38 FARM remercie :

Crédit Agricole S.A. Le ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche Le ministère de l’Education nationale Le Conseil général de l’Agriculture, de l’Alimentation et des Espaces ruraux Le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) Développement des Agro-industries du Sud (DAGRIS)

Pour leur soutien apporté au cours de l'année 2006.

Les membres fondateurs et amis de FARM :

39

Adresse postale/Postal address Fondation FARM c/o Crédit Agricole S.A. 91-93 boulevard Pasteur 75710 Paris cedex 15

Adresse physique/Office location 59-61 rue Pernéty 75014 Paris

Rendez-vous sur notre site internet More informations on our website www.fondation-farm.org Courriel /e-mail : [email protected]