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NORTH CAROLINA REPORTS VOLUME 360 SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA 7 OCTOBER 2005 17 NOVEMBER 2006 RALEIGH 2007 CITE THIS VOLUME 360 N.C. This volume is printed on permanent, acid-free paper in compliance with the North Carolina General Statutes. TABLE OF CONTENTS Judges of the Supreme Court . vi Superior Court Judges . vii District Court Judges . xi Attorney General . xviii District Attorneys . xx Public Defenders . xxi Table of Cases Reported . xxii Orders of the Court . xxv Petitions for Discretionary Review . xxvi Petitions to Rehear . xxxiv General Statutes Cited . xxxv Constitution of United States Cited . xxxvi Constitution of North Carolina Cited . xxxvi Rules of Evidence Cited . xxxvi Rules of Civil Procedure Cited . xxxvi Rules of Appellate Procedure Cited . xxxvi Licensed Attorneys . xxxvii Opinions of the Supreme Court . 1-655 Order Adopting Amendments to the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure . 661 Supreme Court Historian and Chief of Protocol . 665 The Chief Justice’s Actual Innocence Commission . 667 Chief Justice Special Order Concerning Judge Evelyn Hill . 669 Equal Access to Justice Commission . 670 Rural Courts Commission . 674 Order Adopting Amendments to the North Carolina Code of Judicial Conduct . 676 Order Adopting Amendments to the Standards of Professional Conduct for Mediators . 687 iii Order Adopting Amendments to the Rules of the North Carolina Supreme Court Implementing Settlement Procedures In Equitable Distribution and Other Family Financial Cases . 694 Order Adopting Rules Implementing Mediated Settlement Conferences in Territorial Disputes Between Certain Electric Suppliers . 725 Order Adopting Amendments to the Rules of the North Carolina Supreme Court For The Dispute Resolution Commission . 736 Order Adopting Rules Implementing Mediation In Matters Before The Clerk of Superior Court . 763 Order Adopting Rules Implementing Statewide Mediated Settlement Conferences in Superior Court Civil Actions . 778 Order Adopting Amendments to the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure . 820 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Rules of Professional Conduct . 823 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning Legal Specialization . 829 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Certification of Paralegals . 834 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Continuing Legal Education Program . 838 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning Discipline and Disability of Attorneys . 840 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning Continuing Paralegal Education . 842 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Continuing Legal Education Program . 844 iv Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning Attorneys Appearing Pro Hac Vice . 846 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Administrative Committee . 847 Order Adopting Amendments to the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure . 852 Client Security Fund . 856 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning Discipline and Disability of Attorneys . 857 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Continuing Legal Education Program . 859 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Standing Committees of the Council . 862 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Administrative Committee . 864 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Lawyer Assistance Program . 867 Amendments to the Rules and Regulations of the North Carolina State Bar Concerning the Plan of Legal Specialization . 869 Amendments to the North Carolina State Bar Rules of Professional Conduct . 872 Headnote Index . 885 Word and Phrase Index . 911 v THE SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA Chief Justice SARAH PARKER1 Associate Justices MARK D. MARTIN EDWARD THOMAS BRADY GEORGE L. WAINWRIGHT, JR. PAUL MARTIN NEWBY ROBERT H. EDMUNDS, JR. PATRICIA TIMMONS-GOODSON2 Former Chief Justices RHODA B. BILLINGS JAMES G. EXUM, JR. BURLEY B. MITCHELL, JR. HENRY E. FRYE I. BEVERLY LAKE, JR.3 Former Justices DAVID M. BRITT WILLIS P. WHICHARD ROBERT R. BROWNING JAMES A. WYNN, JR. J. PHIL CARLTON FRANKLIN E. FREEMAN, JR. FRANCIS I. PARKER G. K. BUTTERFIELD, JR. HARRY C. MARTIN ROBERT F. ORR JOHN WEBB Clerk CHRISTIE SPEIR CAMERON Librarian THOMAS P. D AVIS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE COURTS Director RALPH A. WALKER, JR. Assistant Director DAVID F. H OKE APPELLATE DIVISION REPORTER RALPH A. WHITE, JR. ASSISTANT APPELLATE DIVISION REPORTERS H. JAMES HUTCHESON KIMBERLY WOODELL SIEREDZKI 1. Appointed by Governor Michael F. Easley as Chief Justice and sworn in 1 February 2006. 2. Appointed by Governor Michael F. Easley and sworn in 1 February 2006. 3. Retired 31 January 2006. vi TRIAL JUDGES OF THE GENERAL COURT OF JUSTICE SUPERIOR COURT DIVISION DISTRICT JUDGES ADDRESS First Division 1 J. RICHARD PARKER Manteo JERRY R. TILLETT Manteo 2 WILLIAM C. GRIFFIN, JR. Williamston 3A W. RUSSELL DUKE, JR. Greenville CLIFTON W. EVERETT, JR. Greenville 6A ALMA L. HINTON Halifax 6B CY A. GRANT, SR. Windsor 7A QUENTIN T. SUMNER Rocky Mount 7B MILTON F. (TOBY) FITCH, JR. Wilson 7BC FRANK R. BROWN Tarboro Second Division 3B BENJAMIN G. ALFORD New Bern KENNETH F. C ROW New Bern JOHN E. NOBLES, JR. Greenville 4A RUSSELL J. LANIER, JR. Kenansville 4B CHARLES H. HENRY Jacksonville 5W. ALLEN COBB, JR. Wilmington JAY D. HOCKENBURY Wilmington PHYLLIS M. GORHAM1 Wilmington 8A PAUL L. JONES Kinston 8B JERRY BRASWELL Goldsboro Third Division 9 ROBERT H. HOBGOOD Louisburg HENRY W. HIGHT, JR. Henderson 9A W. OSMOND SMITH III Yanceyville 10 DONALD W. STEPHENS Raleigh ABRAHAM P. J ONES Raleigh HOWARD E. MANNING, JR. Raleigh MICHAEL R. MORGAN Raleigh PAUL C. GESSNER2 Raleigh PAUL C. RIDGEWAY3 Raleigh 14 ORLANDO F. H UDSON, JR. Durham A. LEON STANBACK, JR. Durham RONALD L. STEPHENS Durham KENNETH C. TITUS Durham 15A J. B. ALLEN, JR. Burlington JAMES CLIFFORD SPENCER, JR. Burlington 15B CARL FOX Chapel Hill R. ALLEN BADDOUR Chapel Hill vii DISTRICT JUDGES ADDRESS Fourth Division 11A FRANKLIN F. L ANIER Buies Creek 11B THOMAS H. LOCK4 Smithfield 12 E. LYNN JOHNSON Fayetteville GREGORY A. WEEKS Fayetteville JACK A. THOMPSON Fayetteville JAMES F. A MMONS, JR. Fayetteville 13 WILLIAM C. GORE, JR. Whiteville OLA M. LEWIS Southport 16A RICHARD T. BROWN5 Laurinburg 16B ROBERT F. F LOYD, JR. Lumberton GARY L. LOCKLEAR Pembroke Fifth Division 17A EDWIN GRAVES WILSON, JR. Eden RICHARD W. STONE Wentworth 17B A. MOSES MASSEY Mt. Airy ANDY CROMER King 18 CATHERINE C. EAGLES Greensboro HENRY E. FRYE, JR. Greensboro LINDSAY R. DAVIS, JR. Greensboro JOHN O. CRAIG III Greensboro R. STUART ALBRIGHT Greensboro 19B VANCE BRADFORD LONG Asheboro 21 JUDSON D. DERAMUS, JR. Winston-Salem WILLIAM Z. WOOD, JR. Winston-Salem L. TODD BURKE Winston-Salem RONALD E. SPIVEY Winston-Salem 23 EDGAR B. GREGORY6 North Wilkesboro Sixth Division 19A W. ERWIN SPAINHOUR Concord 19C JOHN L. HOLSHOUSER, JR.7 Salisbury 19D JAMES M. WEBB Whispering Pines 20A MICHAEL EARLE BEALE Wadesboro 20B SUSAN C. TAYLOR Monroe W. DAVID LEE Monroe 22 MARK E. KLASS Lexington KIMBERLY S. TAYLOR Hiddenite CHRISTOPHER COLLIER Mooresville Seventh Division 25A BEVERLY T. BEAL Lenoir ROBERT C. ERVIN Morganton 25B TIMOTHY S. KINCAID Hickory NATHANIEL J. POOVEY Hickory 26 ROBERT P. J OHNSTON Charlotte W. ROBERT BELL Charlotte RICHARD D. BONER Charlotte J. GENTRY CAUDILL Charlotte viii DISTRICT JUDGES ADDRESS DAVID S. CAYER Charlotte YVONNE EVANS Charlotte LINWOOD O. FOUST Charlotte 27A JESSE B. CALDWELL III Gastonia TIMOTHY L. PATTI Gastonia 27B FORREST DONALD BRIDGES Shelby JAMES W. MORGAN Shelby Eighth Division 24 JAMES L. BAKER, JR. Marshall CHARLES PHILLIP GINN Marshall 28 DENNIS JAY WINNER Asheville RONALD K. PAYNE Asheville 29A LAURA J. BRIDGES Marion 29B MARK E. POWELL8 Rutherfordton 30A JAMES U. DOWNS Franklin 30B JANET MARLENE HYATT Waynesville SPECIAL JUDGES KARL ADKINS Charlotte STEVE A. BALOG Burlington ALBERT DIAZ Charlotte RICHARD L. DOUGHTON Sparta THOMAS D. HAIGWOOD Greenville JAMES E. HARDIN, JR. Durham D. JACK HOOKS, JR. Whiteville JACK W. JENKINS Morehead City JOHN R. JOLLY, JR. Raleigh RIPLEY EAGLES RAND9 Raleigh JOHN W. SMITH Wilmington BEN F. TENNILLE Greensboro GARY E. TRAWICK, JR. Burgaw EMERGENCY JUDGES W. DOUGLAS ALBRIGHT Greensboro HENRY V. BARNETTE, JR. Raleigh ANTHONY M. BRANNON Durham STAFFORD G. BULLOCK Raleigh NARLEY L. CASHWELL10 Raleigh C. PRESTON CORNELIUS Mooresville B. CRAIG ELLIS11 Laurinburg LARRY G. FORD12 Salisbury ERNEST B. FULLWOOD13 Wilmington HOWARD R. GREESON, JR. High Point ZORO J. GUICE, JR.14 Rutherfordton MICHAEL E. HELMS15 North Wilkesboro CLARENCE E. HORTON, JR. Kannapolis ix DISTRICT JUDGES ADDRESS DONALD M. JACOBS Raleigh JOSEPH R. JOHN, SR. Raleigh CHARLES C. LAMM, JR. Boone JAMES E. LANNING Charlotte JOHN B. LEWIS, JR. Farmville JERRY CASH MARTIN King PETER M. MCHUGH16 Reidsville JAMES E. RAGAN III Oriental DONALD L. SMITH Raleigh GEORGE L. WAINWRIGHT17 Morehead City RUSSELL G. WALKER, JR.18 Asheboro RETIRED/RECALLED JUDGES GILES R. CLARK Elizabethtown JAMES C. DAVIS Concord MARVIN K. GRAY Charlotte KNOX V. JENKINS Smithfield ROBERT D. LEWIS Asheville F. F ETZER MILLS Wadesboro HERBERT O. PHILLIPS III Morehead City JULIUS ROUSSEAU, JR. North Wilkesboro THOMAS W. SEAY Spencer 11. Appointed and sworn in 17 May 2007 to replace Ernest B. Fullwood who retired 31 December 2006. 12. Elected and sworn in 1 January 2007 to replace Narley L. Cashwell who retired 31 December 2006. 13. Elected and sworn in 2 January 2007. 14. Elected and sworn in 2 January 2007 to replace Knox V. Jenkins, Jr. who retired 31 December 2006. 15. Appointed and sworn in 10 January 2007 to replace B. Criag Ellis who retired 31 December 2006. 16. Elected and sworn in 1 January 2007 to replace Michael E. Helms who retired 31 December 2006.