World Heritage 44 COM

WHC/21/44.COM/8B.Add Paris, 21 June 2021 Original: English / French

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE

Extended forty-fourth session

Fuzhou (China) / Online meeting 16 – 31 July 2021

Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8B. Nominations to the World Heritage List

SUMMARY

This Addendum is divided into four sections:

I. Examination of nominations referred back by previous sessions of the World Heritage Committee II. Examination of nominations of natural, mixed and cultural sites to the World Heritage List submitted for examination in 2021 for which the evaluation missions took place late because of the sanitary situation III. Examination of minor boundary modifications of natural, mixed and cultural properties already inscribed on the World Heritage List submitted for examination in 2021 IV. Statements of Outstanding Universal Value of properties inscribed at previous sessions and not adopted by the World Heritage Committee

Decisions required:

The Committee is requested to examine the Draft Decisions presented in this Document, and, in accordance with paragraphs 153, 161 and 162 of the Operational Guidelines, take its Decisions concerning inscription on the World Heritage List in the following four categories:

(a) properties which it inscribes on the World Heritage List; (b) properties which it decides not to inscribe on the World Heritage List; (c) properties whose consideration is referred; (d) properties whose consideration is deferred.

In the presentation below, ICOMOS Recommendations a) Develop a new nomination, presenting a fully and IUCN Recommendations are presented in the form updated analysis of the current conservation of Draft Decisions and are extracted from status, integrity and protection and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add (ICOMOS) and management of the nominated property relating WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B2.Add (IUCN). to its revised boundaries, and justifying potential Outstanding Universal Value under criterion (x), Though Draft Decisions were taken from IUCN and ICOMOS evaluation books, in some cases, a few b) Fully resolve concerns regarding rights, in line modifications were required to adapt them to this with paragraph 123 of the Operational document. Guidelines, and Decisions 39 COM 8B.5, 40 COM 8B.11 and 43 COM 8B.5, Disclaimer demonstrating that consensus of support for the The Nomination files produced by the States Parties are nomination of the property has been obtained published by the World Heritage Centre at its website from all affected indigenous peoples and local and/or in working documents in order to ensure communities, fully consistent with the principle transparency, access to information and to facilitate the of free, prior and informed consent, preparations of comparative analysis by other c) Work closely, and in full consultation, with the nominating States Parties. affected indigenous peoples and local The sole responsibility for the content of each communities, and with the Special Procedures Nomination file lies with the State Party concerned. The Branch of the Office of the United Nations High publication of the Nomination file does not imply the Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR) expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World in order to fully and satisfactorily resolve issues Heritage Committee or of the Secretariat of UNESCO raised by the Special Rapporteur on the rights concerning the history or legal status of any country, of indigenous peoples; the Working Group on territory, city or area or of its boundaries. Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances; the Special Rapporteur on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable I. EXAMINATION OF NOMINATIONS environment; and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, REFERRED BACK BY PREVIOUS SESSIONS OF THE WORLD HERITAGE d) Assess and provide the results of actions COMMITTEE related to community engagement including completion of land ownership surveys, mapping of new “management boundaries for Property Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex conservation” and providing security of land ID No. 1461 Rev tenure and livelihoods as provided for under State Party Thailand amendments to the National Park Act and Criteria proposed (x) Wildlife Conservation and Protection Act, by State Party e) Improve representation of local communities in See IUCN Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 31. Protected Area Committees, consistent with the outcomes of consultation and independent Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.7 arbitration processes concerning the rights of affected indigenous peoples and local The World Heritage Committee, communities; 5. Recommends the State Party to establish an 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ independent, third-party, arbitration process, in 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B2.Add, consultation with UNESCO, and working closely 2. Recalling Decisions 39 COM 8B.5, 40 COM 8B.11 with the Special Rapporteurs, via the Special and 43 COM 8B.5 adopted at its 39th (Bonn, 2015), Procedures Branch Office of the United Nations 40th (Istanbul/UNESCO Headquarters, 2016) and High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR), 43rd (Baku, 2019) sessions respectively, to address equitably the continued concerns of local communities in relation to the nominated property, 3. Taking note that the nomination was referred three and to respond effectively to the eventual times, that the only evaluation mission for the recommendations of that process, prior to nominated site took place in 2014, and that the proceeding further with the nomination; maximum time foreseen for a referral procedure is three years, and also taking note that the 6. Encourages the State Party to continue enhancing boundaries proposed for the nominated property collaboration with the State Party of Myanmar in have been significantly modified throughout this transboundary conservation and management of the period, including the removal of a buffer zone, highly significant nature conservation values of the region, with a view to improving the integrity of the 4. Defers the nomination of Kaeng Krachan Forest nominated property, and considering the Complex, Thailand, under criterion (x), in order to opportunities for extending the nominated property allow the State Party to: and a future possible transboundary nomination.

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II. EXAMINATION OF NOMINATIONS OF • Havešová Primeval Forest (Slovakia), as a NATURAL, MIXED AND CULTURAL SITES boundary modification of the existing component TO THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST part of the same name; SUBMITTED FOR EXAMINATION IN 2021 • Rožok (Slovakia), as a boundary modification of the FOR WHICH THE EVALUATION existing component part of the same name; MISSIONS TOOK PLACE LATE BECAUSE • Udava (Slovakia) and Stužica - Bukovské Vrchy (Slovakia), as a boundary modification of the OF THE SANITARY SITUATION existing component part Stužica - Bukovské Vrchy (Slovakia); Property Ancient and Primeval Beech • Cozzo Ferriero (Italy), as a boundary modification of Forests of the Carpathians the existing component part of the same name; and Other Regions of Europe • Falascone (Italy), as a boundary modification of the [extension] existing component part Foresta Umbra (Italy); ID. N° 1133 Quater • Pavari-Sfilzi (Italy) [new component part]; States Parties Bosnia and Herzegovina / • Pollinello (Italy) [new component part]; Czechia / France / Italy / • Valle Infernale (Italy) [new component part]; Montenegro / North • Prašuma Janj (Bosnia and Herzegovina) [new Macedonia / Poland / Serbia / component part]; Slovakia / Switzerland • Forêt de la Bettlachstock (Switzerland) [new Criteria proposed by (ix) component part]; States Parties • Valli di Lodano, Busai and Soladino Forest See IUCN Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 3. Reserves (Switzerland) [new component part]; • Jizera Mountains (Czechia) [new component part]; Technical note • Chapitre (France) [new component part]; • Grand Ventron (France) [new component part]; Shall the Committee decide to approve the significant • Massane (France) [new component part]; boundary modification of the Ancient and Primeval • Dlaboka Reka (North Macedonia) [new component Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of part]; Europe property as proposed in the Draft Decision 44 • Polonina Wetlinska and Smerek (Poland) [new COM 8B.32, and therefore adopt the Statement of component part]; Outstanding Universal Value included in it, the • Border Ridge and Gorna Solinka valley (Poland) Secretariat shall amend the Draft Decision 44 COM [new component part]; 8B.67 (see page 17 of this document), regarding • Terebowiec stream valley (Poland) [new component Statements of Outstanding Universal Value of properties part]; inscribed at previous sessions and not adopted by the • Wolosatka stream valley (Poland) [new component World Heritage Committee, by removing this property part]; from the Draft Decision. 4. Adopts the following Statement of Outstanding Universal Value for the property as a whole, Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.32 including the modified and newly added components outlined above: The World Heritage Committee, Brief synthesis 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ The “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B2.Add, Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe” are a transnational serial property comprising 94 2. Recalling decisions 31 COM 8B.16, 35 COM 8B.13, component parts across 18 countries. They 41 COM 8B.7, 42 COM 7B.71 and 43 COM 7B.13 represent an outstanding example of relatively adopted at its 31st (Christchurch, 2007), 35th undisturbed, complex temperate forests and exhibit a (UNESCO Headquarters, 2011), 41st (Krakow, wide spectrum of comprehensive ecological patterns 2017), 42nd (Manama, 2018) and 43rd (Baku, 2019) and processes of pure and mixed stands of sessions respectively, European beech across a variety of environmental 3. Approves the significant boundary modification of conditions. During each glacial phase (ice ages) of the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the the last 1 million years, European beech (Fagus Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, sylvatica) survived the unfavourable climatic Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, conditions in refuge areas in the southern parts of Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, the European continent. These refuge areas have Spain and Ukraine, on the basis of criterion (ix), been documented by scientists through through the addition or modification of the following palaeoecological analysis and using the latest nominated component parts in Bosnia and techniques in genetic coding. After the last Ice Age, Herzegovina, Czechia, France, Italy, North around 11,000 years ago, beech started expanding Macedonia, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland: its range from these southern refuge areas to eventually cover large parts of the European • Vihorlat (Slovakia), as a boundary modification of continent. During this expansion process, which is the existing component part of the same name; still ongoing, beech formed different types of plant communities while occupying largely different environments. The interplay between a diversity of

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environments, climatic gradients and different be noted that one of the attributes of the Outstanding species gene pools has and continues to shape this Universal Value of the property is its demonstration high diversity of beech forest communities. These of the ability of beech to adapt to different ecological forests contain an invaluable population of old trees and climatic regimes throughout its range. Therefore, and a genetic reservoir of beech and many other potential future changes need to be monitored and species, which are associated with and dependent documented in order to better understand these on these old-growth forest habitats. processes. Criterion (ix): The property is indispensable for the The above-mentioned threats may affect the integrity understanding of the history and evolution of the of the component parts to a different extent and in genus Fagus which, given its wide distribution in the different ways, for example through the reduction of Northern Hemisphere and its ecological importance, structural diversity, fragmentation, loss of is globally significant. These largely undisturbed, connectivity, biomass loss and changed complex temperate forests exhibit comprehensive microclimate, which reduce ecosystem functionality ecological patterns and processes of pure and mixed and adaptive capacity as a whole. To cope with stands of European beech across a variety of these threats, buffer zones are established and are environmental gradients, including climatic and managed accordingly by the responsible geological conditions, spanning almost all European management bodies. Beech Forest Regions. Forests are included from all altitudinal zones from coastal areas to the treeline Protection and management requirements and, include the best remaining examples from the A strict non-intervention management is essential for range limits of the European beech forest. Beech is the conservation of the OUV of this serial property one of the most important features in the Temperate across all its component parts. The majority of the 94 Broadleaf Forest Biome and represents an component parts are protected by law as strict forest outstanding example of the re-colonization and reserves, wilderness areas, core areas of biosphere development of terrestrial ecosystems and reserves or national parks (IUCN category I or II). communities since the last Ice Age. The continuing Some of the component parts are protected and northern and westward expansion of beech from its managed by Forest Management Plans (with original glacial refuge areas in the eastern and regulations ensuring no logging in old-growth southern parts of Europe can be tracked along forests). As it is of uppermost importance to natural corridors and stepping stones spanning the guarantee strong protection status in the long term, continent. The dominance of beech across extensive the protection status will be improved where needed. areas of Europe is a living testimony of the tree’s To ensure the viability of the four component parts genetic adaptability, a process which is still ongoing. smaller than the established minimum size of 50 ha, Integrity an enlargement of the component parts with further The selected component parts represent the non-intervention management will be considered by diversity of ancient and primeval beech forests found the States Parties. Additionally, an effective across Europe in terms of different climatic and management of buffer zones to protect the property geological conditions and altitudinal zones. The from external threats and to safeguard its integrity is property includes component parts, which convey its of uppermost importance. Outstanding Universal Value (OUV), and represent The integrity of each component part is the the variability of European beech forest ecosystems. responsibility of the State Party and is ensured by Together these component parts contribute to the the relevant local management units. For the integrity of the property as a whole. Additionally, coherent protection and management of the each component part needs to demonstrate integrity property, as well as to coordinate activities between at the local level by representing the full suite of the management units and the 18 States Parties, a natural forest development processes in its particular functional organisational structure should be geographical and ecological setting within the series. established. To ensure this aspect, an Integrated Most of the component parts are of sufficient size to Management System was developed during the maintain such natural processes necessary for their nomination process and will be maintained to allow long-term ecological viability. effective and coordinated management and The most significant threats to the property are protection of the property as a whole. The Joint logging and habitat fragmentation. Logging activities Management Committee, comprising representatives in the vicinity of component parts can cause of all States Parties, formulated a Joint Declaration microclimatic changes and nutrient mobilising of Intent. This Declaration regulates and structures effects, with negative impacts on the integrity of the the cooperation between all the States Parties property. Land use change in the surrounding whose territory is included in the property and landscapes can lead to increased habitat ensures the commitment to protect and strengthen fragmentation, which would be of particular concern the Outstanding Universal Value of the property. The for smaller component parts. Infrastructure position of a coordinator will be established and development is a potential threat only in the maintained to support the Joint Management surroundings of a few component parts. Committee and the States Parties in their work. Climate change already poses a risk to some The Integrated Management System and the component parts and further impacts can be management plans of the component parts will anticipated, including changes in species ensure a non-intervention management approach for composition and habitat shifting. However, it should the component parts while the buffer zones will be

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managed to avoid negative impacts on the the property’s Outstanding Universal Value, Outstanding Universal Value of the property with a together with a plan to minimize logging in the specific focus on ensuring integrity remains intact. To entirety of the defined buffer zones, harmonise the management approach across the 94 component parts, the States Parties will develop b) The State Party of Slovakia to expand the buffer common objectives and coordinated activities which zone of the nominated Kyjovský prales will cover property and buffer zone management, component part and to connect this buffer zone monitoring and research, education and awareness to the buffer zone of the existing Vihorlat raising, visitor management and tourism as well as component part, financial and human capacity building. It is proposed c) The State Party of France, with the support of to establish a coherent monitoring system based on the World Heritage Centre and IUCN if selected ecological (proxy) indicators of integrity requested, to significantly revise the nominated within all component parts to compare long-term component parts of Aigoual, Sainte-Baume and development. It is imperative that each State Party Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre to enhance their integrity provides clear and committed long-term funding and to re-design and enlarge their buffer zones, arrangements, to support consistent national site management as well as coordinated management. d) The State Party of Montenegro, with the support of the World Heritage Centre and IUCN if Special attention is required to ensure the requested, to merge the nominated component configuration of the property such that each parts Biogradska Gora 1 and Biogradska Gora component part retains ongoing viability to evolve 2, and to align the zonation of the Biogradska with unimpeded ecological and biological processes Gora National Park in light of this and to revise and without the need for substantial interventions. current regulations, especially the Special This includes the integration of surrounding forest Purpose Spatial Plan for Biogradska Gora ecosystems to provide sufficient protection and National Park in order to align them with the connectivity, especially for small component parts. protection of the nominated property’s All component parts have buffer zones of various Outstanding Universal Value. It is further configurations including surrounding protected areas recommended to develop an appropriate (national parks, nature parks, biosphere reserves tourism management plan for the resulting area; and others). These buffer zones will be regularly monitored to ensure protection under changing 7. Also takes note of the following nominated environmental conditions such as climate change. component parts which are not recommended for The boundaries of buffer zones should, where inclusion in the serial property: possible, be aligned with existing protected area • Chizé Component 1 North-West (France); boundaries and should be expanded to connect • Chizé Component 2 South (France); component parts where they are in close proximity. • Fontainebleau (France); Finally, where appropriate, special ongoing emphasis is needed to ensure effective ecological 8. Notes that the Fontainebleau nominated component connectivity between beech forests and the part could potentially be considered in relation to the surrounding complementary habitats to allow natural possible extension of the existing World Heritage development and adaptation of the forest to the property: Palace and Park of Fontainebleau, environmental change. France; 5. Takes note of the following component parts in the 9. Reiterates its requests to all States Parties involved present nomination, which are not recommended for in this transnational serial property, to ensure that inclusion in the serial property at the present time: buffer zone management supports undisturbed natural processes with special emphasis on dead • Fruška gora – Papratski do (Serbia); and decaying wood, including ongoing monitoring of • Fruška gora – Ravne (Serbia); threats and risks, in line with Decision • Kopaonik – Kozje stene (Serbia); 41 COM 8B.7, with a clear, strict and consistent • Tara – Rača (Serbia); approach to buffer zone design and management, in • Tara – Zvezda (Serbia); line with Decision 42 COM 7B.71, as the only • Kyjovský prales (Slovakia); feasible way to protect the integrity of the small • Aigoual (France); forest remnants included in this property, in line with • Sainte-Baume (France); Decision 43 COM 7B.13; • Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre (France); 10. Also requests all States Parties involved in this • Biogradska Gora 1 (Montenegro); transnational serial property to undertake a review • Biogradska Gora 2 (Montenegro); of the consistency of component part design and 6. Recommends before considering potential buffer zone configurations across the entire resubmission of these component parts in any transnational serial property, allowing for the future nomination: expansion of undisturbed natural processes into the surrounding areas, so as to ensure the natural a) The State Party of Serbia to provide more evolution and continued recovery of Beech Forests detailed information on the type, scale, within the component parts and towards the frequency and extent of any logging and surrounding areas, and to consider the proposals to forestry operations that may be implemented in strengthen the property accordingly; the buffer zones of the nominated component parts in Serbia and their potential impacts on

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11. Further requests the States Parties to submit to the traditions, demonstrated by a lack of physical World Heritage Centre, by 1 December 2023, a segregation between them. These traditions of joint report on the state of conservation of the hospitality are understood to reflect a fusion of local property as a whole, and the implementation and cultures and the incoming bourgeois traders during the review of boundary and buffer zone consistency, the ‘Golden Age’ of As-Salt’s development, and for examination by the World Heritage Committee at include the social welfare system known as Takaful its 47th session; Ijtimai’ and the provision of hospitality in Madafas (guest houses, known locally as Dawaween). 12. Welcomes the enhanced cooperation between a large number of European States Parties to The cultures of tolerance, hospitality, and social preserve primeval, ancient and old-growth Beech welfare practiced by the Bedouin peoples of the Forests across the continent. region were common throughout the area and have contributed to the construction of a modern Trans- Jordanian identity. Property As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance Criterion (ii): The historic centre of As-Salt and Urban Hospitality demonstrates distinctive intercultural exchanges that ID. N° 689 Rev resulted in transformations of the Levant in the late State Party Jordan Ottoman period. These included flows of culture, Criteria proposed by (ii)(iii) people, skills, traditions and wealth within and State Party between the cities of the region and beyond, and See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 1. between diverse cultural and religious groups that comprised the urban population from the city’s Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.34 ‘Golden Age’ to the present. These cultural exchanges involved the local Bedouin peoples, The World Heritage Committee, incoming merchants, craftspeople and traders, Ottoman officials and Christian missionaries. 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ Together, the city’s architectural forms and building 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, techniques, urban morphology, shared traditions and uses of public spaces, and the development of the 2. Inscribes As-Salt – The Place of Tolerance and places and practices of urban hospitality and mutual Urban Hospitality, Jordan, on the World Heritage welfare demonstrate these intercultural exchanges. List on the basis of criteria (ii) and (iii); These are understood to represent a combination of local customs and new urban social norms. 3. Adopts the following Statement of Outstanding Universal Value: Criterion (iii): As-Salt’s historic urban core is an exceptional example of the urban form and cultural Brief synthesis traditions associated with the city’s ‘Golden Age’ The city of As-Salt became the capital of Transjordan period (1860s to 1920s). The city thrived and and a thriving trade centre during the late Ottoman transformed as a result of the Ottoman Tanzimat period, experiencing a ‘Golden Age’ between the reforms, demonstrated by the relatively intact urban 1860s and the 1920s. The effects of the Ottoman fabric, stairways, and public spaces, as well as the ‘Tanzimat’ reforms brought enhanced security, large public buildings and private residences administrative structures and trade. As-Salt became characterised by a central hallway and three bays, central to trade networks between the eastern desert constructed of yellow stone. The urban form reflects and the west, and grew in wealth through the arrival and supports the traditions of joint habitation of and settlement of merchants from Nablus, Syria, and Christian and Muslim communities, and specific Lebanon who made their fortunes on trade, banking, forms of urban hospitality, many of which are and farming. This prosperity attracted skilled continuing. As-Salt is distinctive in terms of its craftsmen and As-Salt was transformed from a cultural practices of cooperation across religions and modest rural settlement into a thriving town with a the absence of segregated neighbourhoods. distinctive townscape and architecture. Although these traits are not unique within the The city features large public buildings and private Levant, As-Salt is exceptional because of the residences characterised by a central hallway and intensity of these manifestations and the close three bays, constructed of yellow limestone. These connections between the cultural traditions and the demonstrate a mix of vernacular and modern urban fabric and forms. The particular urban tradition architectural influences, and skillful craftsmanship. of providing Madafas (guest houses, also known as Adapted to the steep folded topography, the urban Dawaween) is an example of these characteristics, morphology of the historic urban core is combining tangible and intangible attributes. characterised by network of interlinked stairways, Integrity alleyways, public squares and spaces, and streets. As-Salt demonstrates integrity in relation to the The result is a dense urban fabric connecting the continuity of the historic urban fabric, including the city’s resident neighbourhoods with public spaces historic buildings, landscape setting, the network and and streets. These tangible characteristics have hierarchy of stairways that organise the vertical shaped the urban cultures of the city, including movement between lower and upper levels, the distinctive cultural traditions of tolerance between presence of open spaces that support a multi-faith people of different cultural groups and religions. society, and the residential and religious buildings. Muslim and Christian communities share many The property is of adequate size, and its boundary

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and buffer zone are appropriately delineated. The twenty-two of the city’s historic buildings as a basis spirit and feeling of the place reside in both the for their conservation or adaptive reuse. Many of the tangible (buildings, houses, churches, mosques, essential management strategies and tools are yet to Madafas, urban nodes, steps) and intangible be developed, and the incorporation of provisions for attributes (close habitation of different cultural and the intangible cultural heritage aspects require religious groups, shared uses of public spaces, greater attention. Visitor management and traditions of social welfare between neighbours). The interpretation are the subject of new and continuing integrity is vulnerable to development pressures, and projects. The development of the nomination and the has been affected by intrusive buildings and empty ongoing management of the property have involved plots within the urban fabric that affect the property’s the city’s communities. visual and intangible qualities. 4. Recommends that the State Party give Authenticity consideration to the following: The historic urban centre of As-Salt meets the a) Deepening the documentation of the intangible conditions of authenticity through the continuity of attributes, including the traditions shared by the different elements of the city’s architecture and Muslim and Christian communities, and the urban morphology, and in the continuing aspects of Madafas and other social and financial systems the traditions of hospitality. The authenticity of the of support within the communities, structure, materials, form, and design of the historic buildings and urban fabric is satisfactory despite b) Conducting an assessment of significant views development and adaptive reuse projects. The within the property and buffer zone with the distinctive yellow stone distinguishes many historic intention of ensuring that these are adequately buildings within the larger urban core, and the incorporated into the planning of all new authenticity is supported by the retention of the development proposals, networks of public spaces, alleyways, and stairways. c) Completing the survey of the physical condition The strong visual and topological contribution of the of historic buildings and other tangible attributes setting and the continuity of use of many of the within the property and the buffer zone, public buildings and spaces are important aspects of the authenticity of the property. d) Completing the production of measured drawings for the historic buildings in the Management and protection requirements property so that there is a strong baseline Two national laws provide protection for the property. documentation available for management and The Law of Architectural and Urban Protection (N° 5, conservation decisions, including setting 2005) is the primary national law for the protection of priorities for conservation works and cultural heritage in Jordan; the Cities, Villages and expenditures, Buildings Planning Law (N° 79, 1966) provides for the establishment of planning authorities and e) Advancing as a priority the implementation of processes, including the regulation of construction. the Conservation Management Plan, including a Implementation of protection is provided through the timeline and indication of resources for its City Core Special Regulations which were endorsed implementation, by the Ministry of Municipalities and Rural Affairs, the f) Establishing Heritage Impact Assessment Higher City Planning Council of Jordan, and the As- processes in line with the ICOMOS HIA Salt Greater Municipality in September 2014. These guidance document that give priority to the provide regulations for urban spaces, designation Outstanding Universal Value of the property in and grading of historic buildings, guidelines for the assessment of development proposals, and conservation and new interventions, and guidelines ensuring these processes are fully integrated for the design and enhancement of public spaces. into the legal protection regime and There is a long-standing commitment to the management system of the property, conservation of the tangible and intangible attributes g) Developing further the risk management system of As-Salt through the efforts of the As-Salt Greater to manage seismic, flood, and fire risks, Municipality. The management system has been including evacuation plans as well as capacity established, led by the As-Salt City Development building to ensure the effectiveness of the Projects Unit, established in 2005 by the system, Municipality. The main mission of this office is to coordinate efforts for the safeguarding, conservation, h) Developing a new policy and associated and management of the historic city. strategies and actions within the Conservation Management Plan for the intangible cultural The Municipality is continuing a programme to fully heritage of the property, document the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value, and record their state of conservation. The i) Developing as a priority implementation plans Conservation Management Plan is a satisfactory for the strategies oriented to the maintenance beginning, and the establishment of regulations and and repair of the tangible elements of the guidance for change, alteration and conservation property, works are under preparation. Important conservation j) Continuing to develop partnerships with private and adaptive reuse projects have been completed, owners to ensure that buildings are maintained and others are underway and/or planned. Site- and repaired, specific conservation plans are being completed for

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k) Developing a detailed interpretation strategy for consists of a fortified Castle with attached fortified the property, with clear timeframes and priorities Bailey and Ceremonial Ground, and a fortified Middle for implementation, Town and a Lower Town. A series of reservoirs are found to the east and south of the Citadel. The great l) Developing detailed plans for mobility, majority of the burials in the Cemetery are memorial accessibility, and transportation that take into in nature. account the visual qualities of the city and the constraints of the stairways and public spaces, The configuration of the city of Dholavira, during its heyday, is an outstanding example of planned city m) Working with communities and local authorities with planned and segregated urban residential areas to develop strategies, tools, and incentives to based on possibly differential occupational activities, maintain the cultural practices of the city and and a stratified society. Technological advancements avoid the possible gentrification of the historic in water harnessing systems, water drainage urban core, systems as well architecturally and technologically n) Fully implementing the proposed monitoring developed features are reflected in the design, system after augmenting it to include monitoring execution, and effective harnessing of local the proposed intangible attributes by means of materials. Unlike other Harappan antecedent towns key indicators, normally located near to rivers and perennial sources of water, the location of Dholavira in the island of o) Applying the approaches of the UNESCO Khadir was strategic to harness different mineral and Recommendation on the Historic Urban raw material sources (copper, shell, agate-carnelian, Landscape (2011) when further developing the steatite, lead, banded limestone, among others) and management system, plans, strategies, and to facilitate internal as well as external trade to the actions. Magan (modern Oman peninsula) and Mesopotamian regions. Property Dholavira: A Harappan City Criterion (iii): Dholavira is an exceptional example ID. N° 1645 of a proto-historic Bronze Age urban settlement pertaining to the Harappan Civilization (early, mature State Party India and late Harappan phases) and bears evidence of a Criteria proposed by (ii)(iii)(iv) multi-cultural and stratified society during the 3rd and State Party 2nd millennia BCE. The earliest evidence can be See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 13. traced back to 3000 BCE during the early Harappan phase of the Harappan Civilization. This city Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.35 flourished for nearly 1,500 years, representing a long continuous habitation. The excavated remains The World Heritage Committee, clearly indicate the origin of the settlement, its growth, zenith and the subsequent decline in the 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ form of continuous changes in the configuration of 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, the city, architectural elements and various other attributes. 2. Inscribes Dholavira: a Harappan City, India, on the World Heritage List on the basis of criteria (iii) Criterion (iv): Dholavira is an outstanding example and (iv); of Harappan urban planning, with its preconceived city planning, multi-layered fortifications, 3. Adopts the following Statement of Outstanding sophisticated water reservoirs and drainage system, Universal Value: and the extensive use of stone as a building Brief synthesis material. These characteristics reflect the unique position Dholavira held in the entire gamut of Dholavira: a Harappan city, is one of the very few Harappan Civilization. well preserved urban settlements in South Asia dating from the 3rd to mid-2nd millennium BCE. Integrity Being the 6th largest of more than 1,000 Harappan The ancient Harappan city of Dholavira was sites discovered so far, and occupied for over 1,500 discovered in 1968 and excavated for 13 field years, Dholavira not only witnesses the entire seasons between 1989 and 2005. The unearthed trajectory of the rise and fall of this early civilization excavations were simultaneously preserved and of humankind, but also demonstrates its multifaceted conserved, and display all physical attributes achievements in terms of urban planning, contributing to the Outstanding Universal Value of construction techniques, water management, social the property, that is to say the proto-historic systems governance and development, art, manufacturing, of urban planning, water management systems, trading, and belief system. With extremely rich architectural elements and design, traditional artefacts, the well preserved urban settlement of knowledge of art and technology preserved in situ. Dholavira depicts a vivid picture of a regional centre All the attributes that convey the Outstanding with its distinct characteristics, that also contributes Universal Value of the property are located in the significantly to the existing knowledge of Harappan property area. Physical evidence of the entire 1,500 Civilization as a whole. years of inhabitation are spanning from pre- The property comprises two parts: a walled city and Harappan to post-Harappan stages. The excavated a cemetery to the west of the city. The walled city remains at Dholavira, to a large extent, illustrate attributes associated with industrial activities (e.g.

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bead manufacturing) and are indicative of the prohibition and regulation in the respect prohibited sophisticated life and exploitation of natural and regulated areas as per provisions of the Ancient resources for nearly 1,500 years, trade, interregional Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains relations and exchanges, the physical manifestations Rules 2011. The buffer zone covers the entire west of these are largely found in situ. Conservation strip of the Khadir Island, which ensures the measures and consolidation of few areas have been protection of the wider setting of the property. The carried out to prevent deterioration and have also buffer zone, of which parts cover thee Prohibited and been stabilized for ensuring preservation of its Regulated Areas, overlaps with Kachchh (Kutch) physical attributes. Guidelines for development and Desert Wildlife Sanctuary which is protected by conservation need should be developed in the Forest Act (Wildlife Protection Act 1972). The extended buffer zone. Government of India is in the process of listing the ancient quarry sites in the buffer zone as of national Authenticity importance. The archaeological remains of the city of Dholavira include fortifications, gateways, water reservoirs, The property area and buffer zone are managed by ceremonial ground, residential units, workshop the Regional Apex Committee and Local Level areas, and cemetery complex, all clearly Committee, with major stakeholders as the member. representing the Harappan culture and its various This participatory mechanism ensures the dialogue manifestations. The urban planning is evident from among different interest groups. The Site the in situ remains of the city that demonstrate Management Plan has been approved and systematic planning. The authenticity of the implemented by the Archaeological Survey of India. archaeological site is preserved through minimum 4. Recommends that the State Party give interventions and scientific conservation principles consideration to the following: and methods and in maintaining the exposed structures in their original configurations and in situ a) Submitting a set of maps that follow the conditions and no additions or alterations have been standard specified in Paragraph 132 and Annex made to the structural remains. 5 of the Operational Guidelines showing the expanded buffer zone. These maps should The excavated remains bear testimony to the style of clarify that the 10-acre plot of land allocated by construction, contextual evidence for architectural the State Government of Gujarat to the elements, and layout of a bead manufacturing Archaeological Survey of India for constructing workshop, that have been retained in situ to preserve the museum and tourism amenities is not a part their authenticity. The evidence of the configuration of the World Heritage property, of the city, which has been well documented and preserved during excavation works, also bears b) Declaring the ancient quarry sites in the buffer testimony of the extensive planning, understanding zone as of national importance, of ratios and proportions and principles, alignment of c) Extending the Regulated Area, or granting a the entire city in relation to cardinal directions, water new legal provision, to the extended buffer zone harvesting, storm water drains, craftsmanship. These for the protection of the archaeological remains features are preserved extensively due to their and settings in this area, construction in stone masonry with mud brick cores, and architectural features are in a good state of d) Developing guidelines for development and conservation. conservation needs in the extended buffer zone, Management and protection requirements e) Developing a long-term research strategy for The archaeological site of Dholavira is protected and the property and its buffer zone in order to managed by the Archaeological Survey of India, an better understand the values of the known attached office and organization under the Ministry of archaeological sites in the extended buffer zone Culture, Government of India. The property is and to identify further areas of archaeological protected by national level laws that is to say the potential, Ancient Monument and Archaeological Sites and f) Incorporating Heritage Impact Assessment Remains Act 1958 (AMASR), amended therein in mechanism into the decision-making process of 2010; Ancient Monument and Archaeological Sites the management system, and Remains Rules of 1959; Ancient Monument and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules of 2011 g) Installing an instrumental monitoring system for and The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act 1972 and a more robust monitoring, Rules 1973. Decisions pertaining to its conservation, h) Undertaking capacity building for site staff on maintenance and management are governed by the conservation techniques and monitoring skills, National Conservation Policy for Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains 2014. Being i) Establishing carrying capacity for the entire site, designated as an “ancient monument” of national as well as for sensitive areas of the site, importance, the ancient site of Dholavira is protected by a Prohibited Area measuring 100 meters in all j) Developing visitor number control policies and directions from the limits of the protected monument, measures based on the established carrying and further beyond it, a Regulated Area of 200 capacity for anticipated increased visitation, meters in all directions, from the limits of the k) Undertaking capacity building for local residents Prohibited Area. All activities in the areas adjacent to so that they can have the necessary skills to the ancient site of Dholavira remain subject to

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contribute to the conservation of the site, and to Property Settlement and Artificial benefit more from the site development. Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the

Arica and Parinacota Region Property Grobiņa archaeological ID. N° 1634 ensemble State Party Chile ID. N° 1637 Criteria proposed by (iii)(v) State Party Latvia State Party Criteria proposed by (iii) See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 68. State Party See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 25. Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.48

Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.42 The World Heritage Committee,

The World Heritage Committee, 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ 2. Refers the nomination of Settlement and Artificial 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, Mummification of the Chinchorro Culture in the 2. Decides not to inscribe Grobiņa archaeological Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile, back to the ensemble, Latvia, on the World Heritage List. State Party in order to allow it to: a) Provide a more complete and detailed understanding of how the settlement and Property Gdańsk Shipyard – the adaptation aspects of the Chinchorro culture are birthplace of “Solidarity” and expressed through the attributes of the the symbol of the Fall of the nominated serial property, in support of criterion Iron Curtain in Europe (v), ID. N° 1629 State Party Poland b) Ensure that the highest available level of legal Criteria proposed by (iv)(vi) protection is in place for each of the nominated State Party component parts, See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 37. c) Confirm that the new Regulatory Plan of the city of Arica provides protection to the Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.43 archaeological remains that might be discovered in the urban area, and that the land The World Heritage Committee, uses permitted in the zones within the nominated property and its buffer zones are 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ compatible with the proposed Outstanding 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, Universal Value of the nominated property, 2. Bearing in mind article 12 of the World Heritage d) Provide more information on the foreseen Convention, which states that “The fact that a changes to the current cultural heritage property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage legislation (Law No. 17,288 of National has not been included in either of the two lists Monuments), mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 shall e) Finalize an agreement and timetable to relocate in no way be construed to mean that it does not the illegal settlement in the Desembocadura de have an outstanding universal value for purposes Camarones component part outside the buffer other than those resulting from inclusion in these zone, lists”, f) Further address the integrity of the nominated 3. Decides not to inscribe Gdańsk Shipyard – the serial property by providing more information on birthplace of “Solidarity” and the symbol of the the extent, distribution, and interrelationships of Fall of the Iron Curtain in Europe, Poland, on the the different types of archaeological sites World Heritage List. (settlements, burials, shell middens, etc.), finds, and areas of archaeological potential, particularly by means of topographical maps of the nominated property, buffer zones, and surrounding areas, g) Extend the boundary of the Faldeo Norte del Morro de Arica component part to include all of what is now designated as “Zone 5 Damping”, h) Extend the boundary of the Desembocadura de Camarones component part in order to include all of the Archaeological Restriction Zones,

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i) Extend the buffer zone of the Desembocadura Property Franciscan Ensemble of the de Camarones component part to include the Monastery and Cathedral of entire extent of the Restriction Area due to Our Lady of the Assumption glissade hazard (ARRD) zone, and resolve the of Tlaxcala [extension of problem of the lack of a buffer zone between “Earliest 16th-Century the nominated property and the industrial Monasteries on the Slopes of poultry farm. This is especially important in view Popocatepetl”] of the proposed relocation of the illegal ID. N° 702 Bis settlement now located in an area adjacent to State Party Mexico the agro-industrial complex, Criteria proposed by (ii)(iv) j) Finalize, approve, and make operational the State Party Management Plan and management system; See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 81.

3. Recommends that the State Party give Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.49 consideration to the following: a) Completing basic installations such as fences to The World Heritage Committee, further assure the safety of visitors and the protection of the nominated property, 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, b) Resolving the legal disputes in the Desembocadura de Camarones component 2. Approves the significant boundary modification of part and its buffer zone, Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl, Mexico, to include the c) Undertaking the systematic documentation and Franciscan Ensemble of the Monastery and inventorying of the archaeological information Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption of already collected, as well as the documentation Tlaxcala, on the basis of criteria (ii) and (iv); of the areas of potential interest for future investigation through systematic surface 3. Adopts the following Statement of Outstanding surveys, geophysical investigation, etc., Universal Value: d) Completing and making operational the Brief synthesis projected monitoring system, including for the The Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the mummified bodies and artefacts preserved in Slopes of Popocatepetl is a serial property with 15 the different museums, and identifying component parts located in the states of Morelos, indicators that are linked to all the attributes that Puebla and Tlaxcala in Mexico, built as part of the support the proposed Outstanding Universal evangelisation and colonisation of the northern Value as well as to the identified threats, territories of Mexico. The monasteries are: e) Undertaking at the earliest possible opportunity Atlatlahucan, Cuernavaca, Tetela del Volcan, conservation measures focused on general Yautepec, Ocuituco, Tepoztlan, Tlayacapan, maintenance and on the identification and Totolapan, Yecapixtla, Hueyapan and Zacualpan de rescue of unprotected archaeological remains Amilpas in Morelos; Calpan, Huetotzingo and on the surface, Tochimilco in Puebla; and San Francisco in Tlaxcala. These monasteries are considered to represent f) Addressing the ethical issues regarding the good examples of the architectural style adopted by excavation, curation, and exhibition of human the first missionaries – Franciscans, Dominicans and remains, Augustinians – with spatial solutions and the g) Adhering to the principles of good governance architectural expressions that materialised the fusion by maintaining an open mind concerning the and synthesis of heterogeneous elements. A inclusion of stakeholders not yet participating in considerable number of these buildings have an the protection and management of the explicit military aspect, and compositional elements nominated property, in line with paragraphs 40 with definite Mudejar and Renaissance origins. The and 117 of the Operational Guidelines, expression of the native culture is also present, from the open spaces used for worship to the work h) Developing a Heritage Impact Assessment expressed in the decorations and the wall paintings. process within the frameworks for legal protection and management of the nominated The monasteries also represent an example of a property, new architectural concept in which open spaces are of renewed importance. The influence of this style is i) Assessing and mitigating any impacts the felt throughout the Mexican territory and even industrial poultry farm located in the Camarones beyond its borders. The distinctive characteristic of River valley may have on the proposed these monasteries resides in the relationship Outstanding Universal Value and integrity of the between built and open spaces and, above all, in the nominated property. emphasis placed on the wide forecourt or atrium with its individual posa and open chapels that offered a variety of solutions. The monasteries were founded in areas of dense indigenous settlement, with the object of providing focal points for urban settlements, a role which has survived to the present day.

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The 15 monasteries all conform to an architectural proximity. In the case of the latter, there could be model which spread rapidly over the region and total or partial loss of the monasteries. contains certain basic elements common to this new type of monastic house: atrium (usually rectangular), Protection and management requirements church (usually simple in plan but of imposing size, The legal protection of the Earliest 16th-Century with a single nave), and monastic buildings, usually Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl involves located to the south of the church and disposed three different levels of the government: federal, around a small courtyard or patio, designated as the state and local. The legal instruments that ensure the cloister. protection of the property include the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States; the The great atria, which are open spaces, surround the General Law of Human Settlements and the 1972 entire perimeter of the church (in some cases most Federal Law on Historic, Archaeological and Artistic of it). They are delimited by Resting Chapels in the Monuments and Zones. atrium’s internal perimeter, called the processional path, and the walls have small niches for the The management of the property is the co- Viacrucis. Another important element is the Open responsibility of heritage authorities at the federal chapel. The hydraulic structures also are elements of and state level and associated representatives from the exterior composition that conducted water from civil groups. Management and conservation centres the upper part of the mountain for community use. aim at ensuring the stability of the monasteries and their elements through the implementation of Criterion (ii): The considerable influence exercised conservation, maintenance and awareness-raising by the architectural model of the Earliest 16th- activities. Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl, which spread over a very wide area, is incontestable. The efforts towards developing an overall They operated not only in the second half of the 16th management framework for the whole property, century in the centre and south-east of Mexico, but which should include a common risk management continued with the expansion of colonisation and plan, a monitoring system, and interpretation, evangelisation of the lands to the north in the 18th communication and tourism strategies, should be century, reaching the present-day United States of pursued and a dedicated management unit to America from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts, in the coordinate its implementation should be set up. form of a large number of smaller establishments 4. Recommends that the State Party give known as “missions” rather than monasteries. consideration to the following: Criterion (iv): The Earliest 16th-Century a) Submitting a minor boundary modification Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl is a reflecting the below mentioned adjustments to group of monasteries selected as being the boundaries of the component part and its representative of a large total. They bear buffer zone, within a two-year period of the characteristic witness to a certain type of structure, approval of the extension: architectural as well as urban, which served as the centre of new human establishments for the i) Adjusting the boundary of the component part reorganization of an enormous territory and for the to include the areas occupied by the former introduction of new social and cultural elements. lower atrium and at least parts of the orchard, to protect the archaeological evidence of Integrity those spaces, even if this requires including Since each of the monasteries has preserved all of areas now occupied by more recent the original elements of its architectural complex, constructions as the bullring space, they are a complete representation of an actual 16th century Monastery. In general, they are in a good ii) If necessary, adjusting the delimitation of the state of conservation and physical integrity has been buffer zone based on the modifications to be maintained. Decay processes have been controlled made to the boundaries of the component by the yearly implementation of conservation part, but also to better maintain the prominent projects. There are important challenges to be role that the monastery has in the townscape addressed regarding the physical setting of these of the historic centre, monasteries, particularly in terms of controlling urban b) Strengthening the urban planning regulations sprawl at diverse locations. that allow protection of the viewsheds from and Authenticity to the monastery, The level of authenticity in design and materials at c) Completing the replacement of the electrical the monasteries is high. After the Council of Trent system as soon as possible and installing an many of the monastic buildings were converted to effective fire prevention system, other uses and in the course of the 19th century new public buildings, such as schools and clinics, were d) Strengthening the governance arrangements for built in the monastery precincts. However, the the Franciscan Ensemble to facilitate churches have all retained their original function and collaboration between different actors involved as a result have preserved the greater part of their in its management, original form and furnishings. The conditions of e) Continuing its efforts towards developing an authenticity might be threatened by unpredictable overall management framework for the whole natural phenomena, such as earthquakes and/or property (which should include a common risk eruption of the Popocatepetl volcano, because of its

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management plan, a monitoring system and interpretation, communication and tourism strategies) and setting up a dedicated management unit to coordinate its implementation.

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III. EXAMINATION OF MINOR BOUNDARY MODIFICATIONS OF NATURAL, MIXED AND CULTURAL PROPERTIES ALREADY INSCRIBED ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST SUBMITTED FOR EXAMINATION IN 2021

Alphabetical Summary Table and Index of Recommendations by ICOMOS and IUCN to the extended 44th session of the World Heritage Committee (16 - 31 July 2021)

State Party World Heritage property ID No. Recommendation

CULTURAL PROPERTIES Bolivia (Plurinational City of Potosí 420 Bis R State of) Czechia Landscape for Breeding and Training of Ceremonial Carriage Horses at 1589 Bis OK Kladruby nad Labem France Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley 85 Bis R France Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France 868 Bis R Italy Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata 829 Bis R Italy Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) 826 Bis OK

KEY

R Referral OK Approval Recommended NA Approval Not recommended

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Property Routes of Santiago de Compostela in A. CULTURAL PROPERTIES France ID No. 868 Bis A.1. EUROPE - NORTH AMERICA State Party France

Property Landscape for Breeding and See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 57. Training of Ceremonial Carriage Horses at Kladruby nad Labem Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.63 ID No. 1589 Bis State Party Czechia The World Heritage Committee, See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 53. 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.61 2. Refers the proposed buffer zones for Routes of The World Heritage Committee, Santiago de Compostela in France, France, back to the State Party in order to allow it to: 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ a) Revise the buffer zone boundary of component 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, part 017, Pons, 2. Approves the proposed buffer zone for the b) Ensure that all buffer zones of the property are Landscape for Breeding and Training of covered by appropriate protection mechanisms, Ceremonial Carriage Horses at Kladruby nad so that the entirety of each buffer zone is Labem, Czechia; protected by the protection systems in place, in 3. Recommends that the State Party considers setting particular for the following component parts: up as matter of urgency appropriate Heritage 010, L’Epine; 011, Compiègne; 013, Folleville; Impact Assessment mechanisms able to assess 016, Aulnay; 020, Buisson-de-Cadouin; 023, whether any type of project, within the property, its Bazas; 027 et 028, La Sauve; 044 et 045, buffer zone and wider setting, can result in negative Conques; 048, Saint-Chely; 055, Auch; 056, impact on the attributes supporting the Outstanding Beaumont / Larressingle; 057, La Romieu; 062, Universal Value of the property. Figeac; 067, Jézeau, c) Provide, for the monumental component parts and the built ensembles, the schedule for the Property Prehistoric Sites and Decorated municipal approvals of the buffer zones and their Caves of the Vézère Valley protective measures, ID No. 85 Bis d) Ensure, for the sections of the route State Party France (component parts 072 to 078), that all buffer See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 55. zones of the property are covered by appropriate protection mechanisms, so that the Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.62 entirety of each buffer zone is protected by the protection systems in place, and specify the The World Heritage Committee, regional and local protections in force, e) Indicate, for the route sections (component parts 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ 072 to 078), the means of controlling and 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, regulating possible development projects with a 2. Refers the proposed buffer zone for Prehistoric strong distant visual impact; Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley, 3. Recommends that the State Party give France, back to the State Party in order to allow it consideration to the following points: to: a) Submitting the property’s management plan, a) Provide a timeframe for the municipal and/or once finalised, to the World Heritage Centre for inter-municipal approvals of the regulatory examination, measures associated with the proposed buffer zone, and their incorporation in local town b) Updating the mapping so that the protected planning documents, in order to render them zones and the boundaries of the proposed operational, buffer zones are shown on the same map for the sake of clarity and legibility. b) Provide a timeframe for the finalisation, adoption and implementation of the management plan for the property, especially with regards to tourism management and facilities.

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Property Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Property Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Herculaneum and Torre Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) Annunziata ID No. 826 Bis ID No. 829 Bis State Party Italy State Party Italy See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 61. See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 63. Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.65 Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.64 The World Heritage Committee, The World Heritage Committee, 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, 2. Approves the proposed buffer zone for 2. Refers the proposed buffer zones for Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto), Italy; and Torre Annunziata, Italy, back to the State 3. Recommends that the State Party gives Party in order to allow it to: consideration to the following: a) Explain the methodology used to delineate the a) Finalising and implementing the management boundaries of the proposed buffer zones, and plan of Cinque Terre National Park, which clarify how the areas of cultural interest, should consider within its aims, the historical spaces of significance, and other maintenance of the property’s Outstanding elements of the historic urban landscape Universal Value with adequate provisions included in the proposed buffer zones are reflecting this aim, functionally important as a support to the property and its protection, to be able to b) Including the perimeter of the buffer zone in all establish whether their inclusion/exclusion of existing instruments and programs at the the proposed buffer zones may affect the national, regional and local levels, including the integrity of the historic urban landscape of the Regional Territorial Plan, property, c) Ensuring with the relevant authorities that the b) Clarify the reasons why some of the fragments limitation of the navigation of large-scale of the original buffer zone were left outside the vessels be extended to the whole buffer zone, proposed revised buffer zones, d) Ensuring that synergies in the protection of c) Provide further information on legal protection natural and cultural values of the property with in place within the areas of the buffer zones particular attention to the Outstanding that neither are considered landscape assets Universal Value are pursued though all plans nor are protected as cultural heritage, and the and programs regarding the World Heritage existing agreements between private owners of property, the land, e) Submitting a report to the World Heritage d) Describe in details the management Centre on the progress made on the arrangements with timelines for the proposed implementation of these recommendations buffer zones, especially with regard to urban including on the preparation and approval of development and socio-economic revitalisation the Regional Territorial Plan. in the area, in relation to the existing

agreements, and clarify how the management of the buffer zones as historic urban landscapes, and within the premise of A.2. LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN sustainable development, will be aligned with and complement the existing management plan Property City of Potosí of the inscribed property, ID No. 420 Bis State Party Bolivia (Plurinational State of) e) Submit revised maps of an appropriate scale in line with the Operational Guidelines (Annex 5 See ICOMOS Additional Evaluation Book, 2021, page 91. and 11), showing the boundaries of the proposed buffer zones, and with clearly marked Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.66 elements of the historic urban landscape of which the submitted proposal speaks, in order The World Heritage Committee, to demonstrate their relationship to the inscribed property and allow assessing 1. Having examined Documents WHC/21/44.COM/ potential impacts of future developments in the 8B.Add and WHC/21/44.COM/INF.8B1.Add, area of the proposed buffer zones on the inscribed archaeological areas. 2. Refers the proposed buffer zone of the City of Potosí, Plurinational State of Bolivia, back to the State Party in order to allow it to:

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a) Elaborate a clear description of the limits of the buffer zone and clarify the rationale for the delineation of these boundaries, by taking into account the protection of the visually sensitive areas around the property, as mentioned in the Decision 38 COM 7B.38 (Doha, 2014), b) Provide clear information on the legal and management aspects, such as land use regulations, that are applied in the regulation of the newly defined buffer zone, in order to understand how the buffer zone will provide an added layer of protection to the property, in compliance with paragraphs 104 and 105 of the Operational Guidelines, c) Explain the scope of the different regulations in place in the buffer zone, especially regarding the overlapping of the different protection mechanisms.

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IV. STATEMENTS OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE OF PROPERTIES INSCRIBED AT PREVIOUS SESSIONS AND NOT ADOPTED BY THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE

component parts across 12 countries and 41 Draft Decision: 44 COM 8B.67 protected areas. They represent an outstanding example of relatively undisturbed, complex The World Heritage Committee, temperate forests and exhibit a wide spectrum of comprehensive ecological patterns and 1. Having examined Document processes of pure and mixed stands of WHC/21/44.COM/8B.Add, European beech across a variety of environmental conditions. During each glacial 2. Adopts the Statements of Outstanding phase (ice ages) of the last 1 million years, Universal Value for the following World European beech (Fagus sylvatica) survived the Heritage properties inscribed at previous unfavourable climatic conditions in refuge areas sessions of the World Heritage Committee: in the southern parts of the European continent. • Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, These refuge areas have been documented by Croatia, Germany, Italy, Romania, scientists through palaeoecological analysis and Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, Ancient using the latest techniques in genetic coding. After the last Ice Age, around 11,000 years ago, and Primeval Beech Forests of the beech started expanding its range from these Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe; southern refuge areas to eventually cover large • Azerbaijan, Historic Centre of Sheki with parts of the European continent. During this the Khan’s Palace; expansion process, which is still ongoing, beech • Cambodia, Temple Zone of Sambor Prei formed different types of plant communities while occupying largely different environments. Kuk, Archaeological Site of Ancient The interplay between a diversity of Ishanapura; environments, climatic gradients and different • China, Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along species gene pools has and continues to shape the Coast of Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf of this high diversity of beech forest communities. China (Phase I); These forests contain an invaluable population • Czechia, Landscape for Breeding and of old trees and a genetic reservoir of beech and many other species, which are associated with Training of Ceremonial Carriage Horses at and dependent on these old growth forest Kladruby nad Labem; habitats. • India, Jaipur City, Rajasthan; Criterion (ix): The property is indispensable for • Poland, Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint the understanding of the history and evolution of Mining Region; the genus Fagus which, given its wide • Portugal, Royal Building of Mafra – Palace, distribution in the Northern Hemisphere and its Basilica, Convent, Cerco Garden and ecological importance, is globally significant. Hunting Park (Tapada); These largely undisturbed, complex temperate • Portugal, Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do forests exhibit comprehensive ecological patterns and processes of pure and mixed Monte in Braga; stands of European beech across a variety of • Russian Federation, Central Sikhote-Alin; environmental gradients, including climatic and • Saudi Arabia, Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving geological conditions, spanning almost all Cultural Landscape; European Beech Forest Regions. Forests are • South Africa, Barberton Makhonjwa included from all altitudinal zones from coastal Mountains. areas to the treeline and include the best remaining examples from the range limits of the

European beech forest. Beech is one of the most important features in the Temperate Property Ancient and Primeval Beech Broadleaf Forest Biome and represents an Forests of the Carpathians and outstanding example of the re-colonization and Other Regions of Europe development of terrestrial ecosystems and States Parties Albania, Austria, Belgium, communities since the last Ice Age. The Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, continuing northern and westward expansion of Italy, Romania, Slovakia, beech from its original glacial refuge areas in the Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine eastern and southern parts of Europe can be ID No. 1133 Ter tracked along natural corridors and stepping Date of inscription 2007, 2011, 2017 stones spanning the continent. The dominance of beech across extensive areas of Europe is a Brief synthesis living testimony of the tree’s genetic adaptability, The “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the a process which is still ongoing. Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe” are a transnational serial property comprising 78

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Integrity status necessary to ensure non-intervention The selected component parts represent the management. As it is of uppermost importance diversity of ancient and primeval beech forests to guarantee strong protection status in the long found across Europe in terms of different term, the protection status will be improved climatic and geological conditions and altitudinal where needed. zones. The property includes component parts, To ensure the viability of the four component which convey its Outstanding Universal Value parts smaller than the established minimum size (OUV), and represent the variability of European of 50 ha, an enlargement of the component beech forest ecosystems. Together these parts with further non-intervention management components contribute to the integrity of the will be considered by the States Parties. property as a whole. Additionally, each Additionally, an effective management of buffer component part needs to demonstrate integrity zones to protect the property from external at the local level by representing the full suite of threats and to safeguard its integrity is of natural forest development processes in its uppermost importance. particular geographical and ecological setting within the series. Most of the component parts The integrity of each component part is the are of sufficient size to maintain such natural responsibility of the State Party and is ensured processes necessary for their long-term by the relevant local management units. For the ecological viability. coherent protection and management of the property, as well as to coordinate activities The most significant threats to the property are between the 41 management units and the 12 logging and habitat fragmentation. Logging States Parties, a functional organisational activities in the vicinity of component parts can structure should be established. To ensure this cause microclimatic changes and nutrient aspect, an Integrated Management System was mobilising effects, with negative impacts on the developed during the nomination process and integrity of the property. Land use change in the will be maintained to allow effective and surrounding landscapes can lead to increased coordinated management and protection of the habitat fragmentation, which would be of property as a whole. The Joint Management particular concern for smaller component parts. Committee, comprising representatives of all Infrastructure development is a potential threat States Parties, formulated a Joint Declaration of only in the surroundings of a few component Intent. This Declaration regulates and structures parts. Climate change already poses a risk to the cooperation between all the States Parties some component parts and further impacts can whose territory is included in the property and be anticipated, including changes in species ensures the commitment to protect and composition and habitat shifting. However, it strengthen the Outstanding Universal Value of should be noted that one of the attributes of the the property. The position of a coordinator will Outstanding Universal Value of the property is be established and maintained to support the its demonstration of the ability of beech to adapt Joint Management Committee and the States to different ecological and climatic regimes Parties in their work. throughout its range. Therefore, potential future changes need to be monitored and documented The Integrated Management System and the in order to better understand these processes. management plans of the component parts will ensure a non-intervention management The above-mentioned threats may affect the approach for the component parts while the integrity of the component parts to a different buffer zones will be managed to avoid negative extent and in different ways, for example impacts on the Outstanding Universal Value of through the reduction of structural diversity, the property with a specific focus on ensuring fragmentation, loss of connectivity, biomass loss integrity remains intact. To harmonise the and changed microclimate, which reduce management approach across the 78 ecosystem functionality and adaptive capacity component parts, the States Parties will develop as a whole. To cope with these threats, buffer common objectives and coordinated activities zones are established and are managed which will cover property and buffer zone accordingly by the responsible management management, monitoring and research, bodies. education and awareness raising, visitor Protection and management requirements management and tourism as well as financial and human capacity building. It is proposed to A strict non-intervention management is establish a coherent monitoring system based essential for the conservation of the OUV of this on selected ecological (proxy) indicators of serial property across all its component parts. 69 integrity within all component parts to compare out of 78 component parts are protected by law long-term development. It is imperative that as strict forest reserves, wilderness areas, core each State Party provides clear and committed areas of biosphere reserves or national parks long-term funding arrangements, to support (IUCN category I or II). Five component parts consistent national site management as well as are protected and managed by Forest coordinated management. Management Plans (with regulations ensuring no logging in old-growth forests) however in four Special attention is required to ensure the component parts the full area inscribed is not configuration of the property such that each fully covered with the highest legal protection component part retains ongoing viability to

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evolve with unimpeded ecological and biological (shabaka) etc. The fortress, the Khan Palace, processes and without the need for substantial and the caravanserais, reflect the important interventions. This includes the integration of administrative and commercial role of the city. surrounding forest ecosystems to provide sufficient protection and connectivity, especially As a trading centre, in contact with Asia and for small component parts. All component parts Europe, and also as a part of Silk Road route, have buffer zones of various configurations the principal economy of Sheki, from the ancient including surrounding protected areas (national times, has been based on silkworm breeding, parks, nature parks, biosphere reserves and the trading of cocoons and raw silk, and the others). These buffer zones will be regularly development of various crafts, which continue in monitored to ensure protection under changing the region. These activities were favoured due environmental conditions such as climate to its particularly suitable climatic conditions. At change. The boundaries of buffer zones should, the same time, the morphology of the urban where possible, be aligned with existing fabric and its growth patterns were a direct protected area boundaries and should be result of the topography of the site, and the expanded to connect components where they economic developments and the activities are in close proximity. Finally, where related to the silk trade. Houses were built with appropriate, special ongoing emphasis is high-pitched roofs for breeding the silkworms in needed to ensure effective ecological the airy spacious attics. Extensive commercial connectivity between beech forests and the relations with other regions that mainly included surrounding complementary habitats to allow trades of silk products, triggered the building of natural development and adaptation of the new caravanserais, shops, public fountains, forest to the environmental change. mosques, public baths, and storage buildings in a very short period of time after 1772. One caravanserai and some shops are still used by Property Historic Centre of Sheki with the local people for various trade purposes. Khan’s Palace The urban pattern of the city of Sheki is State Party Azerbaijan determined by the water harvesting and ID No. 1549 Rev management. The city is in the catchment area of the Kish river in a space drained by streams Date of inscription 2019 that have been intercepted and transformed into Brief synthesis a network of channels over time. Added to this water supply are the waters from mountain The historic city of Sheki, lying in a forested glaciers and meteoric glaciers. The hydraulic valley of the eastern Caucasian mountains, has network is diversified, distinguishing the fresh ancient origins, dating back to the 6th century and less potable waters according to the BCE. The current historic centre results from its different origins: spring, rainwater and torrent. reconstruction, after a mud flood in 1772, on An elaborate distribution system manages the higher ground in a mountain valley east of the water network up to the residential houses and previous site. Due to the natural limitations of productive gardens, structuring the urban plot the valley, the historic area has retained its and the division into neighbouring areas. The overall urban form, but has expanded within the cultivated plots, each with a house on one side, original building lots, following traditional are a distinctive character of the city of Sheki. typological patterns. The traditional buildings with their typical high saddle roofs, deep The gardens partly comprised of mulberry trees verandas and gardens are the key combined with their residential houses characteristics of the historic urban landscape, constituted a production system based on the within the spectacular setting of the forested series of operations related to the feeding and mountain slopes. breeding of the silkworm and its processing. Thus, a type of ‘garden city’ was created in Being in contact with important trade routes, the which the elements of aesthetic and symbolic region of Sheki has been subject to a variety of value were integrated with functional and cultural influences. Christianity was here utilitarian characters. introduced as early as the 1st century CE, and Islam in the 7th century. During its recent Criterion (ii): As the major cultural and history, it has been under various realms, commercial centre in the region, the Historic including the Safavids, Ottomans and Qajars Centre of Sheki exhibits an important until the 18th century. In 1743, Sheki was interchange of multiple cultural influences, which established as the first and the most powerful of have their origin in its history over two millennia, a series of Khanates in Caucasus, representing but developed particularly under the Safavid, a new administrative system in the region. This Ottoman and Qajar influences, and the later was followed by Russian rule in the 19th impact of Russian rule. Sheki in turn influenced century. These different cultures have also a wider territory of Caucasus and beyond. The influenced the features of architecture, of which current urban form, which dates back to the new the Khan´s Palace is an outstanding example, construction after the flood of 1772, continued also reflected in many of the interiors of wealthy earlier building traditions responding to the local merchant houses such as fireplaces (bukharas), climatic conditions, and the requirements of the decorations, and a vernacular type of windows traditional economy and crafts activities. In

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particular construction elements and details of existence of some inappropriate interventions Sheki’s domestic architecture, such as and use of modern materials that affect balconies, doors, arches, and fences, reflect authenticity, the Restoration Manual will set out oriental characteristics that later evolved under required standards and the use of traditional Russian influence. materials. Sheki is also an exceptional testimony to the The residential houses of Sheki have been feudal system of the Caucasian khanates, which gradually restored, many following traditional developed from 1743 to 1819, as expressed in typological patterns of growth, but not all the architecture of the Khan’s palaces, the interventions have respected the authenticity of interiors of wealthy merchant houses, and the traditional materials, processes and design. fortifications. 1,933 houses (71.6%) out of the 2,755 residential houses inside the property and its Criterion (v): Completely realized according to buffer zone maintain their authenticity having ancient rules, the Historic Centre of Sheki evolved over time according to functional represents an extraordinary example of a transformations that do not affect the planned productive ‘garden city’, as exemplified architectural typology or materials, or have in its hydraulic water system for driving mills and minor changes, such as extensions. All the irrigation, productive structures related to houses will be subject to preservation, guided sericulture, and the peculiar organization of the through a Conservation Plan and a Restoration houses aligned with their cultivated fields, all set Manual. within a forested landscape setting. Protection and management requirements Integrity The Historic Centre of Sheki and the Khan’s The Historic Centre of Sheki contains all the Palace (120.5 ha) has been protected since elements that justify its Outstanding Universal 1967 as part of the “Yukhari Bash” State Value. Together with its setting, the settlement Historical and Architectural Reserve (283 ha) forms a coherent ensemble that has also under the Law on the Protection of Historical retained its visual integrity intact. The and Cultural Monuments. It is also under strict boundaries of the property contain all the protection within the general urban master plan planned historical city with its productive garden of the city as a conservation area. houses, fortifications and monuments such as the fortress, the Khan Palace, and the The setting is protected at two levels, a buffer caravanserais, that together reflect the zone (146 ha) surrounds the property at up to residential, administrative and commercial role 200 meters, and beyond that there is a much of the city. The water system, repartition in larger zone for terrain control. The buffer zone is neighbourhoods (mehelle) and many traditional legally part of the “Yukhari Bash” architectural activities are mainly still intact and efficient. reserve, while the zone for terrain control These represent the complete range of the remains within the reserve’s buffer zone which is attributes of the property that reflect a planned also protected by the law. The forested setting productive ‘garden city’ capital of the Sheki of the property needs to be protected not just for Khanate and subsequent Russian rule. its environmental value but also for its visual and cultural value, as a support for the Outstanding The integrity of the property is though vulnerable Universal Value of the property. to new construction in the property and the lack of conservation of some historic buildings. Some The Historic Centre of Sheki is under the newly built houses, modified residential management of the State Tourism Agency and buildings, and buildings that are in a critical its newly created Reserves Management condition all require varying degrees of Centre, together with other relevant immediate intervention. The Conservation stakeholders. Strategy guided by Restoration Manual will address the current shortcomings in the near The Action Plan on Conservation and future. Rehabilitation of Historical Centre of Sheki and the Restoration Manual are both resource and Authenticity guidance documents, which will form the basis The Historic Centre of Sheki has retained its for the development of planning guidelines and historical authenticity in relation to the intactness stronger protection for individual buildings. This of its urban typology and overall form, and most process must be carried out by involving private private residences and some public buildings individuals and the population through still reflect their former traditional use and incentives for the restoration carried out functions. Sheki has also retained its traditional respecting the historical and architectural mechanisms for property maintenance and character of the place and the attributes of the community involvement through neighbourhood Outstanding Universal Value. An overall representatives and a council of elders. Conservation Master Plan also needs to be developed. The essential part of the monumental complexes are intact and are part of extensive A management plan drafted in English will be conservation and restoration programmes, adopted, implemented and translated, as carried out and in progress. Despite the envisaged in the Action Plan, and this will

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include strengthening the mandate and There are three main temple complexes of resources of the management team. Future Prasat Yeai (Southern Group), Prasat Tao management should strengthen the role of (Central Group), Prasat Sambor (Northern traditional governance structures, such as the Group, including the Prasat Sandan Group and Council of Elders, and the neighbourhood Prasat Bos Ream). Each has a central tower on representatives in decision-making and a raised platform surrounded by smaller towers management processes, and develop a tourism and other structures, and are enclosed by strategy to constrain the development of tourism square brick and/or laterite walls, two for the facilities. central and south groups but three for the Prasat Sambor complex with each outer wall extending There is also a need to develop a monitoring to 389 metres. These three groups contain 125 system focused both on the state of individual temples with 46 other temples and conservation of the property and the structures in the surrounding area including the implementation of the management plan. Prasat Trapeang Ropeak and Prasat Kuok As the property is in a zone of high seismic Troung groups. To the north, a satellite zone of activity, its lower level is at high risk of serious 16 temples in the Prasat Srei Krup Leak and floods, and its forested setting could be Prasat Robang Romeas groups display the vulnerable to forest fires, a comprehensive architectural transition from the earlier Zhenla approach to risk preparedness and mitigation (Chenla) architectural style to that of Sambor needs to be developed in an Emergency Plan. Prei Kuk. In this area extensive archaeology layers built upon each other remain to be uncovered. Property Temple Zone of Sambor Prei The temples are constructed in a variety of Kuk, Archaeological Site of shapes, configurations, and sizes, but of special Ancient Ishanapura note are 11 octagonal temples, designed in State Party Cambodia accordance with the general principles of the ID No. 1532 ancient Indian Manuals of Architecture, Date of inscription 2017 (although with no known Indian precedent). These are seen to represent the flying octagonal Brief synthesis palace of Indra or Vimana Trivishtapa, the Sambor Prei Kuk Temple Zone is part of the heaven of Indra and of 33 gods. The outside remains of ancient Ishanapura "the temple in the walls are decorated with Hindu iconography, lush forest", which was the capital of the Chenla and in six temples there are exquisite sculptural Empire that flourished over much of Southeast depictions of flying palaces. Asia in the late 6th and early 7th centuries AD, The extensive ensemble of religious buildings and whose architectural achievements laid the and their ancillary structures together with 102 foundations for those of the later Khmer Empire. hydraulic features display achievements in The extensive Temple Zone of 840 hectares lies planning, technical ingenuity, execution, and to the east of the remains of the moated city and resource management not previously seen in is linked to the river Stung Sen and a possible Southeast Asia. harbour of Ishanapura by three earthen causeways between 600 and 700 metres in Criterion (ii): The Sambor Prei Kuk length. architectural and artistic style of the Temple Zone of Ishanapura, as exemplified in the Within the Temple Zone, an outstanding layout, architectural forms and sculptured ensemble of 186 fired brick temples with reflects on 186 fired bricks temples with sandstone detailing reflects the introduction of sandstone detailing, presents a vivid technical and spiritual ideas of the Hindu convergence of spiritual and technical influences Hariharan and Sakabrahmana cults from India between Hindu cults predominantly from India and Persia respectively and the resulting and Persia and elements of animism and convergence of these with animist and Buddhist Buddhism, which became a model that spread elements that produced the unique Sambor Prei to other parts of the region and eventually led to Kuk artistic style, which later heralded the the crystallization of the unique Khmer style of Khmer style developed in Angkor. Inscriptions in the Angkorian period. Sanskrit and old Khmer on some of the temples reflect the adoption of a “God-King” in the Criterion (iii): The Temple Zone of Sambor Prei centralized state, while others record temple Kuk of Ancient Ishanapura, in terms of the scale activities, the names of kings and other and scope of its surviving buildings and individuals, details of religious and political life, watercourses, is an outstanding testimony to the and suggest the overall boundaries of the cultural traditions of the Chenla Kingdom, which empire. The temple reliefs are the first signs of flourished over much of Southeast Asia in the visual narratives in temple decoration which go late 6th and early 7th centuries AD, and whose beyond the earlier standard heraldic displays of architectural achievements laid the foundations deities in small medallions or small figures riding for those of the later Khmer civilization in the mythological animals. Angkorian period.

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Criterion (vi): The temple inscriptions in the Protection and management requirements Khmer language of the Temple Zone of Sambor The Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Prei Kuk reflect the concept of the God-King, archaeological site of ancient Ishanapura and which according to legends originated in Vat buffer zone is protected by the Royal Decree of Phou, was further developed during the Angkor 24 December 2014 and by the Law on the period, and then much later influenced Protection of Cultural Heritage (Royal decision Thailand’s four pillared administrative system in NS/RKM/0196/26 dated 25 January 1996). Ayutthaya. It remained a concept that was Within this framework, the National Authority for fundamental to the political and governance Sambor Prei Kuk (NASPK) is responsible for systems of Cambodia and Thailand until the the overall management of the property and its beginning of the 20th century. buffer zone, including conservation, protection, Integrity restoration, development activities in progress, as well as for the interpretation of its heritage The property covers the Temple Zone of values for visitors. Work is guided by a Sambor Prei Kuk and its entire surroundings Management Plan. Conservation activities are together with the wooded area that is the origin carried out in accordance with a fifteen-year of the site's current name. All the still-standing Conservation Plan, based on a detailed risk buildings, most of the known remains of the analysis of the temples, and in accordance with hydraulic elements, all causeways and all the a Conservation Manual that delineates currently known temples and areas identified as conservation approaches for the highly fragile holding further of archaeological remains of temples and their sensitive surroundings. temples are contained within the boundaries. NASPK is supported by a local NGO, "The The Temples zone has suffered from the Conservation and Development Community for ravages of time, vagaries of climate and recent Sambor Prei Kuk", established in 2004 with the historical events as well as forest encroachment, agreement of the Ministry of Culture and Fine all of which have led to the degradation of some Arts, which has played a crucial role in the monuments. Over time, parts of the monuments sustainable conservation of cultural heritage and and objects belonging to the temples have been in developing engagement with the local moved and/or looted. However, the main community. disaster was the international conflict that placed Cambodia in a war zone from the late 1960s to the early 1990s. Despite these tragic events, the major temples retain their original form and Property Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along materials, despite repairs and modifications the Coast of Yellow Sea-Bohai carried out from the 7th to the 11th century. Gulf of China (Phase I) Although a number of decorative elements, State Party China statues, and inscriptions remain in situ, most of ID No. 1606 the important sculptural masterpieces are in Date of inscription 2019 storage or exhibited in museums. Archaeological surveys have indicated that Brief synthesis many of the buried structures are in good The Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast condition. The system of dykes, canals, and of the Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf of China (Phase I) hydraulic features, numbering 102 sites, are is situated in the largest intertidal mudflat intact, with many still in use today. system in the world and protects globally Authenticity significant biological diversity. The serial property is an irreplaceable and indispensable Despite decay, the still-standing temples display hub for over 400 birds species, and critical for authenticity in form and design and demonstrate the over 50 million migratory birds moving along Indian cultural and architectural influence during the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, which the Chenla period in a unique Sambor Prei Kuk spans some 22 countries across two Style. In terms of materials, the remnant hemispheres from the Arctic to South-East Asia features retain their original substance because and Australasia. The global importance of the of sympathetic restoration to damaged wider coastal area is further evidenced by brickwork that continues traditional techniques several Ramsar sites, some of which fully or and the use of old bricks. This helps maintain partially overlap with the property. The property the authenticity of form, function, and visual is a promising beginning to identify, conserve qualities. In addition, and by comparison with and manage the most meaningful Angkor, there have been relatively fewer representations of a larger, globally significant, physical interventions and no hypothetical yet highly vulnerable, natural heritage system. reconstruction. Minor reconstruction activity has occurred in some temples, but mainly to ensure The two component parts of the property are structural stability and all restoration both located on the coast of the Yellow Sea in interventions are reversible. Many other temple Jiangsu Province. Jointly, the Migratory Bird remains are highly vulnerable and await Habitat in the South of Yancheng, Jiangsu and consolidation and conservation. the Migratory Bird Habitat in the North of Yancheng have a total area of 188,643 ha, along with two separate buffer zones totalling

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some 80,056 ha. The property’s two component long period. While human activity has parts are about 30 km apart, separated by the transformed vast tracts of the coast and tidal Dafeng Port, and represent Phase I of a much wetlands, encouraging policies (that promote a larger serial site nomination. more ecologically sustainable society) are emerging to halt the transformation of the Criterion (x): The property supports some 680 remaining natural areas and to even reverse species of vertebrates, including 415 species of trends by restoring key migratory bird habitats. birds, 26 species of mammals, 9 species of To add complexity, however, many of the amphibians, 14 species of reptiles, 216 species underlying factors of change, such as pollution, of fish, as well as 165 species of zoobenthos. marine traffic, the modification of major rivers Large aggregations of birds depend on the and their sediment loads, wind energy and coast as stop-over, moulting, staging, wintering, infrastructure on land and in the sea, stem from foraging and/or breeding grounds. The outside the property including the coast and property’s tidal flats are of exceptional near-shore waters. importance for the conservation of the world’s migratory birds, supporting globally significant Protection and management requirements numbers, including rare and threatened species. The two component parts are both state-owned The Phase I tidal flats offer critically important and fully protected by law. “Ecological Red seasonal habitats for more than 10% of the East Lines”, designated by the Government of China, Asian-Australasian Flyway populations, identify the natural coastline proposed for including two of the world’s rarest migratory retention within the overall system. Resource birds – the Spoon-billed Sandpiper and use and access in the coastal areas is severely Nordmann’s Greenshank. These remaining restricted. The two component parts have the natural habitats are vital for the very survival of protection status of National Nature Reserves these birds and a wide array of other threatened with the exception of the Tiaozini area. Some species including the Black-faced Spoonbill, fishing and harvesting rights are allocated to Oriental Stork, Red-crowned Crane and Great local resource users in shallow nearshore Knot. waters, including mudflats. All public facilities Integrity and infrastructure are state owned and the control of natural resources is publicly The property makes a significant contribution to administered. National and provincial laws and the viability of the East Asian-Australasian regulations protecting the property include: the Flyway, one of the world’s most important Constitution of the People's Republic of China, flyways and arguably the most at risk and Environmental Protection Law, Forest Law, fragile. The two component parts of the property Marine Environment Protection Law, the include clear boundaries for adequate protection Regulations on Nature Reserves and the of birds when they are on-site. It is, however, Regulations of Jiangsu Province on Wetland important to understand that the birds depend Protection and Tourism. The Tiaozini area is on wider coastal habitats such as reed beds and protected by the provincial wetland conservation groves and hence protection and restoration regulation of 2013 and its previous National efforts in these areas are equally important. The Nature Reserve status should be reinstated to property comprises large tracts of mudflats, fulfil the commitment to its protection made at beaches and other key stopover habitats for inscription. migrating birds. The intertidal mudflats, marshes and shallow waters are exceptionally productive Most tourism use is physically separated from and provide spawning and nursery habitat for the protected areas and limited to visitor many fish and crustacean species. In particular, centres. Future planning and management for the intertidal mudflats attract a high diversity and each of the component parts of the property enormous number of resident and migratory needs to ensure that there are no unacceptable birds. The main body of the marine deposition negative effects of development on biodiversity plain and mudflat was formed before 1855, and threatened species, including any negative when the Yellow River changed its course. This effects of tourism (which should be appropriately intertidal mudflat is still mainly in the process of scaled and low impact), wind turbines, pollution accumulation owing to marine hydrological (including noise pollution), land reclamation, and processes, which have shaped the crucial infrastructure development. Specific strategies habitat for migratory birds. Large rivers are required to be implemented to ensure (including the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Yalu conservation of areas above the tidal areas and River, Liao River, Luan River and Hai River) to restore degraded wider systems that are provide the crucial underpinnings of this system important to support the core habitat within the as they continuously discharge sediments into property. the Yellow Sea and Bohai Gulf, accumulating to form a series of different habitat types all critical In light of the enormous past transformation of, for various migratory birds. and profound impacts on the coastal and intertidal ecosystems and ongoing high The entire coastline lies within a densely pressures and threats, it is clear that a more populated and intensively used part of China ambitious spatial approach is required if the that has been subject to very substantial property is to remain viable in the longer term. It anthropogenic modification and impact over a is thus critical to follow-through on commitments

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by the State Party to extend the property as same time, intentionally and progressively Phase II by adding key areas along the Chinese designed as highly specialized ornamented farm part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Gulf. At the – ferme ornée –dedicated to the breeding and national level, there is a clear and needed training of ceremonial carriage horses and commitment to consolidate the serial property reflecting at the same time the Habsburg’s by adding suitable component parts along the aesthetic ambitions. The historical tripartite coastline of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Gulf. structure of this fluvial area is still clearly discernible, with its old meanders and oxbow Spanning beyond China’s borders, the intertidal lakes, which were turned into a late ‘romantic’ wetlands of the Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf support designed landscape, the ‘classical’ regular crucial habitats for birds migrating along the fenced and tree-delimited pastures, the straight East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Beyond the tree-lined avenues, the network of irrigation national level, there is further and related World canals, fed by the Kladrubský náhon, the forest Heritage potential, which deserves to be to the north, providing for a range of resources, considered as the involved countries intensify the different farmsteads, all serving distinct efforts towards a harmonized conservation and functions, the stud architecture and the management strategy of the most valuable dependent village. Kladruby nad Labem´s regional stepping stones of the East Asian- tangible landscape features, along with the local Australasian Flyway. Effective conservation and knowledge and way of life, exceptionally reflect management of the East Asian-Australasian the single function for which the landscape was Flyway will require international cooperation consistently modified and adapted: horse- involving all the States Parties along the flyway. breeding and training the special Kladruber The initial efforts of the three States Parties in horses which can be seen as living monuments. the central hub of the flyway are encouraging and should be continued and expanded, This property represents an exceptional including under the World Heritage Convention example of landscape reflecting the and other international initiatives. development of a specific equestrian culture in Europe, at the time when absolute monarchies were in ascendance. Property Landscape for Breeding and Criterion (iv): The Landscape for Breeding and Training of Ceremonial Carriage Training of Ceremonial Carriage Horses at Horses at Kladruby nad Labem Kladruby nad Labem is an exceptional example State Party Czechia of a landscape which has been consistently and ID No. 1589 intentionally modified through the centuries, Date of inscription 2019 utilizing the principles of Classicist and Romantic Landscaping, to create a suitable Brief synthesis environment for the purpose of horse-breeding The Landscape for Breeding and Training of and training of draft ceremonial horses, Ceremonial Carriage Horses at Kladruby nad exceptionally reflecting the development of the Labem is situated in the Polabská nížina (Elbe Habsburgs and their representational needs at a Lowland), in the Střední Polabí area. The time when absolute monarchies were in the property features a flat landscape, with sandy ascendance. The property also represents a soils and includes fields, meadows, fenced complete example tangibly reflecting the pastures, a landscaped park, a forested area as development of a specific equestrian culture in well as buildings and farmsteads, all designed Europe spanning over four centuries, focused with the main objective of breeding and training on breeding and training of ceremonial carriage the Kladruber horses, which were used in horses. ceremonies by the Habsburg imperial court. Criterion (v): The Landscape at Kladruby nad In 1563, the Emperor Maxmillian II of Habsburg Labem exceptionally reflects the use and founded a stud farm there and on 6 March 1579 purposeful adaptation of the geomorphological, his successor, Emperor Rudolph II of Habsburg pedological and hydrological features and granted it a charter as the Imperial Court Stud environmental resources of a fluvial area Farm. Since the early 17th century the stud throughout the centuries for horse–breeding and farm, in close interaction with the surrounding training. The current organisation of the landscape, has specialized in breeding landscape, with its still-evident tripartite ceremonial carriage horses of the gala structure, with old meanders and oxbow lakes carrossier type, solely to satisfy the demand of turned into a designed landscape, the fenced the Imperial Court. To date, the historic and tree-delimited pastures, the avenues, the farmsteads located within the property have network of irrigation canals, the stud architecture been in operation and they represent functional and the dependent villages, along with the local centre points of the unique landscape. knowledge and way of life dependent on stud operation and horse-breeding, represents an The Landscape at Kladruby nad Labem outstanding example of human interaction with represents an outstanding and complete the environment devoted to the breeding and example of a horse – centred cultural landscape training of the Kladruber horses. which has organically evolved and was, at the

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Integrity landscape, has been preserved in the same To date, the Landscape has been preserved, structure as it was in 1876. Traditional materials within its historical borders and area that in the are used for its maintenance. A similar approach past corresponded to the size of the herd is used for the maintenance of pasture fencing. needed to supply the required number of trained The historic urban structure of settlements has ceremonial carriage horses set by the Imperial not been compromised by the industrial Court. The utilitarian character of the landscape development of modern times, and the original is still fully manifested in the preserved links with countryside have been preserved. functional integrity of its composition and in its Protection and management requirements main attributes that consist of pastures of adequate size for the herd, grassland for hay The overall governance/management system production, arable land for production of grain for the property and its buffer zone relies on fodder, forests for timber production used as legal and planning instruments at the national, building material and fuel, sufficient water regional and local level. State and local entities supply, roads and drives necessary for training guarantee the implementation of measures carriage horses in hand; functionally diversified which they are responsible for and which sets of buildings, traditional knowledge contribute to the implementation of protection developed along the centuries on the horses and management. and their needs and on their environment. The property is included in the Kladrubské The Landscape still provides all the resources Polabí Conservation area, designated with necessary for successful breeding of these provision ref n. MK 72096/2015 pursuant Act n. horses and the environment for their training. 20/1987 as amended. It has been protected as Horse breeding is carried out in functionally a unique example of a landscape shaped for diversified historic stables and other horse breeding and training. The Stud Farm complementary structures. The sets of buildings itself is a National Heritage site as per at all farmsteads reflect the requirements for Government Decree 132/2001 and some parts carriage horse stabling that have been of the landscape are included in Natura 2000 developed over many years starting from the network as a Site of Community Importance as early 19th century and they have been recently per Government Decree n. 73/2016 amending restored. GD n. 318/2013. Other sites within the property are covered by heritage protection status. The The integrity of the formal composition of the Kladruber horse breed also enjoys legal Classicist part of the Landscape has been only protection since 2002 as a living monument. partially preserved e.g., in the roads lined with Formal designation of Kladrubský náhon as trees, watercourses, the grid of pasture units. cultural heritage reinforced the overall legal The integrity of the landscape composition of the protection of the property in 2019. romantic picturesque park at Mošnice has also been preserved – the carriage bridle way from The basic protection instrument for the property which fan-like vistas open at a rich assortment is the Heritage Act n. 20/1987, which stipulates of solitary trees and group plantings arranged obligations for the owner, user, public according to the compositional principles of administrations, juridical and physical persons perspective, the former river meanders oxbow with regard to protected heritage but it is also lakes and naturally regenerating alluvial covered by the provisions of Act No. 114/1992 vegetation in the relict of the flood plain forest. Coll., on Nature and Landscape Protection, as The integrity of the productive forests in the amended. northern part of the property is essentially Since 2017, the implementation of provisions of expressed by the network of straight clear-cut the Heritage Act for the Kladruby nad Labem strips and forest avenues used for horse are under the responsibility of the Municipal training. Authority of Přelouč. Several territorial plans Authenticity complement legal protection for the property. The functional authenticity of the property has Most of the property is owned by the State and been preserved; the Landscape is still used for is under the responsibility of the Ministry of breeding and training of carriage horses of the Agriculture, managed by the following entities: gala carrossier type, specifically the Kladruber National Stud Farm Kladruby nad Labem, the breed. The tripartite composition of this River Elbe Authority and Czech Land-Use landscape with its classicist and romantic Authority. designed elements have been preserved and The Management system is based mostly on discernibly reflect the need of this century – long state-driven bodies, which have elaborated exploitation programme for horse breeding and management instruments to guarantee the training. Linear planting (tree-lined walkways, management and implementation of their avenues, windbreaks, and planting along operational activities. A memorandum for watercourses) dividing the landscape establishing a Steering Group was signed in composition have also been preserved in the 2016 and was renewed in June 2018. It has form of native species and overall pattern. The coordination, overseeing and advisory tasks. network of watercourses, which is important for both the function and composition of the

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A number of management instruments and defence posts. Thus, the new city could be mechanisms exist for the property. A planned as an inviting trade and commerce city management plan for the stud farm was with an ambitious vision of the ruler Sawai Jai prepared in 2010, updated in 2012 and under Singh II and his architect- planner Vidyadhar. revision as of 2018. An Agreement on general Principles of Restoration and further The design of the new city was a breath-taking development of the Area of the NHS of the Stud departure from the prevalent practices in city Farm at Kladruby nad Labem (May 2017) development in the sub-continent. Its urban guides protection and management of the morphology reflected the coming together of property as a national heritage site (NHS). The cultural elements from eastern and western forest is covered by a Forest Management Plan planning, expressing a culture of a ‘trade and containing guidelines and recommendations and commerce city’ and townscape that is is valid from 2016 through 2025. unparalleled anywhere in South Asia. Envisaged as a trade capital, the main avenues of the city Medium- and Long-term sustenance of the were designed as markets, which still remain as Outstanding Universal Value of the property characteristic bazaars of the city. Chaupar, or needs management coordination, stability, designed large public squares at the intersection sustainability and implementable management of roads, is another feature that is distinct to instrument based on tested formulas, integrating Jaipur as are its single and multicourt havelis risk and visitor management as well as Heritage and haveli temples. Besides an exemplary Impact Assessment mechanisms and planning, its iconic monuments such as the opportunities for strengthening the property’s Govind Dev temple, City Palace, Jantar Mantar integrity locally. and Hawa Mahal excel in artistic and architectural craftsmanship of the period.

Jaipur is an expression of the astronomical Property Jaipur City, Rajasthan skills, living traditions, unique urban form and State Party India exemplary innovative city planning of an 18th ID No. 1605 century city from India. Date of inscription 2019 Criterion (ii): Jaipur is an exemplary development in town planning and architecture Brief synthesis that demonstrates an amalgamation and The City of Jaipur is an exceptional example of important interchange of several ideas over the indigenous city planning and construction in late medieval period. It shows an interchange of South Asia. In a remarkable difference from the ancient Hindu, Mughal and contemporary existing medieval practices where settlements Western ideas that resulted in the customised developed in a more organic manner (that grew layout of the city. It is believed that Raja Jai over a longer period of time, in layers, in Singh arrived at the final layout after a thorough response to local geography, topography, analysis of several town plans sourced from climate and socio-cultural systems including across the globe. Following the grid-iron plan caste system and occupation), Jaipur was prevalent in the west but with traditional zoning, conceived and developed in a single phase in superimposed by the desire to rival Mughal the 18th century CE with a grid-iron model cities, Jaipur reflected new concepts for a inspired from the Prastara plan of the Vastu thriving trade and commerce hub that became a Shastra, a treatise of traditional Hindu model for the later towns in the adjoining architecture. This town plan later became a Shekhawati region and others parts of Western trendsetter for many 19th century CE towns in India. Rajasthan State and India. Built under the Criterion (iv): Jaipur represents a dramatic patronage of Sawai Raja Jai Singh II (ruled departure from extant medieval cities with its 1700 – 1743 CE), a project approach was taken ordered, grid-like structure – broad streets, towards the city construction where most of the crisscrossing at right angles, earmarked sites for city infrastructure, public and royal spaces were buildings, palaces, havelis, temples and completed within a span of four years, from gardens, neighbourhoods designated for 1727 – 1731 CE along with special royal particular castes and occupations. The main invitations to several traders inviting them to markets, shops, havelis and temples on the settle in this newly envisaged trade and main streets were constructed by the state, thus commerce city. ensuring that a uniform street facade was Unlike other medieval cities of the region, Jaipur maintained in Jaipur. The city planning of Jaipur was deliberately planned as a new city located remains a unique response to the terrain that on the plains and open for trade, as opposed to amalgamates ideas from an ancient Indian cities on hilly terrain and military cities of the treatise to contemporary global town plans and past, though its planning still responded to the Imperial Mughal architecture to finally produce a surrounding hill tops in all topography. The site monumental urban form, unparalleled in its selected within the valley that lay to the south of scale and magnificence for its times. While the the Amber hills was comparatively flat and grid iron pattern of planning has been used undeveloped. It was also adequately protected, historically in city planning, its application at nestled within hills having an array of forts and such a monumental scale for a planned trade

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city, along with its particular urban form, makes Issues include unauthorised new constructions it an important example in the history of urban and additions, some affecting parts of the city planning of the Indian subcontinent. The wall, new construction affecting the upper continuity of the architecture and urban form is facades of some bazaars, communication enhanced by the functions of trade and towers, and the development of open spaces for craftsmanship that reflect the living heritage carparks. character of this innovative urban settlement. The detailed heritage inventory for all attributes Criterion (vi): Historically, the city is said to should be completed for the property. have housed “chattis karkhanas” (36 industries), the majority of which included crafts like The buffer zone includes the natural terrain and gemstones, lac jewellery, stone idols, miniature surrounding peaks that governed the set out paintings, each with a specified street and and alignment of the town plan. The surrounding market some of which continue to exist. During peaks and skyline outside the property are 19th century, the local crafts received further protected from the visual impacts of momentum with British period influences in development by urban controls. special exhibitions held in United Kingdom, Authenticity establishment of institutions such as the The spatial organization of the historic walled Rajasthan School of Arts and Albert Hall city of Jaipur continues to reflect the 18th Museum. While the local traditions of guilds century grid-iron plan. The architectural continued, formal institutions for crafts, policies components like the gates and city walls, and programmes by Government and the bazaars, chaupars and chowkris, historic private sector further contributed to national and structures, havelis, religious buildings, and water international recognition of Jaipur crafts in the structures reflect the urban ensemble of the 20th and 21st centuries. There are 11 surviving walled city of Jaipur as conceived from the 18th crafts, and continuing building crafts of Jaipur to the early 20th centuries. The materials and contribute much to the conservation works of substance are largely original, primarily lime and the city, and the renowned craftsmen from stone. The bazaars (market areas) have been Jaipur continue to conserve and restore historic recently conserved using traditional materials. In structures across many cities in India. some cases, 20th century structures use Integrity cement concrete but recreate the original The inscribed area of the historic walled city of architectural vocabulary. Jaipur within the walls and gates includes all of The use and function of most royal and public the attributes of the property (18th century town spaces and monuments are now adapted as plan with its grid iron plan, chaupars, chowkris, contemporary public monuments. Shops, city wall and nine city gates; urban form with 11 temples and private houses largely retain their bazaar facades, shop typology along bazaars, original use. havelis and haveli temples along bazaars and at chaupars, iconic monuments, gates leading to Protection and management requirements inner streets; craft streets and bazaar areas). The Municipalities Act of 2009 (amendment) The inner areas of chowkris and the related old and Jaipur Building Byelaws 1970 guide the havelis are not attributes of the property. architectural control on the urban character of Jaipur which has helped in retaining the original The city gates and associated sections of walls, architectural form of the bazaars. As per the all major monuments and bazars remain in Jaipur Master Plan 2025, the walled city area is generally good condition despite increasing a specially designated heritage zone and any development pressures. Aspects such as work related to heritage conservation is guided underground Metro lines have been by detailed heritage management plans and incorporated on the East West axis with due project reports implemented through mandated consideration that the architectural icons and government agencies. The development and urban character of the walled city area remain implementation of a Special Area Heritage Plan unchanged, although there has been the loss of will include conservation measures and mature trees in several chaupars. enhance the state of conservation. The boundaries of the property conform to the Architectural control guidelines and other original 18th century plans of Sawai Jai Singh II measures are needed to improve legal and relate to the surrounding topography as well protection, and otherwise to improve the as the original vision for the planned city. The coordination and effectiveness of protection for size and scale of all town planning elements all attributes. such as width of roads, hierarchy of public spaces, open spaces, waterbodies, built form all The Jaipur Heritage Management Plan (2007) are intact as per the original plan. The iconic provides the vision for Jaipur Heritage and is built heritage structures retain their original form, legislated through the Jaipur Master Plan 2025 character and architectural style. Though some (see Annexure II, i). The property will be areas of bazars and inside havelis in chowkris managed as per overall guidelines and the are undergoing major changes, but most are still framework outlined in the Jaipur Master intact form and location. Plan 2025 under Section 2- Development Plan for U1 Area. The walled city has been

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recognized as a special area for heritage management system, is a legible testimony to conservation under the Development Plan and the organisation of a prehistoric community shares the vision outlined in the Jaipur Heritage based around mining. Management Plan 2007. As the Jaipur Heritage Management Plan has been implemented in Criterion (iii): Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped various phases and synchronized with other Flint Mining Region is illustrative of the living plans, a comprehensive management strategy and working patterns of settled prehistoric with an action plan protecting the attributes will communities that distinguish the Neolithic period serve as an extension to the Jaipur Heritage from that which preceded it. The serial property Management Plan for the management and bears witness to the economic and social monitoring of the property. organisation of segments of the Neolithic society, which were linked to the extraction of The extension and enhancement of the flint and its use for the production of polished management system is needed, to cover all axes. attributes and provide for a coordinated management supporting administrative tools The attributes of the property, including the and decision mechanisms. The management integral Gawroniec Settlement are further system shall include a detailed monitoring enhanced by the proven distribution of striped- program and an overall interpretation and flint axes that have been identified in a radius of presentation policy and program. over 650 km from the complex – the largest recorded range for prehistoric flint axes which act as significant indicators for prehistoric Property Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped movements. Flint Mining Region Criterion (iv): Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped State Party Poland Flint Mining Region represents an exceptional ID No. 1599 type of Neolithic mining landscape, bearing Date of inscription 2019 witness both to a complex technical and social system and to human adaptation to the Brief synthesis conditions of natural resource exploitation that is Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining a landmark in the history of mining. It provides Region (in short: Krzemionki) is located in the evidence that the prehistoric period brought flint north-eastern fringe of the Świętokrzyskie (Holy mining to produce tools in the largest known Cross) Mountains in central Poland on both example for the prehistoric exploitation of flint. sides of Kamienna River. It is a serial property The serial property illustrates diverse comprised of four component parts: the principal underground prehistoric mining structures Krzemionki Opatowskie Mining Field; two comprising open-pit, niche-gallery, gallery, pillar- smaller mining fields, Borownia and Korycizna, chamber and chamber mines – and primary aligned on the same geological structure; and workshops, which survive intact in well over the Gawroniec prehistoric miners’ permanent 4,000 shafts and pits. settlement that received semi products of flint Integrity axes from the mines for finishing and polishing prior to distribution. The property dates from Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining 3,900 BCE to 1,600 BCE (Neolithic to Early Region, as a whole, comprises the best Bronze Age) and is one of the largest known preserved, most technically diverse and complexes of its type in the Neolithic Period. It is complete prehistoric flint mining assemblage also the most completely preserved and wholly known in a European context. All attributes readable socio-technical system of prehistoric necessary to express the Outstanding Universal underground flint mining and processing and Value are included in the serial property that illustrates the greatest range of prehistoric flint represents the exploitation of the only known mining techniques known in a single property. deposit of striped flint to be mined in prehistory. Attributes include great chambers with a floor Principle features and attributes have been area of over 500 m2 that are unknown from any confirmed in detail using a combination of other site. At the property, a unique type of flint archaeological research methods, including – striped flint banded in exceptional zebra-like Airborne Laser Scanning that has accurately patterns of alternating shades of grey – was mapped the sites in 3D under forest cover. The mined and fashioned into axes and distributed in permanent settlement site, on a promontory in a verifiable radius of 650 km from the complex, open agricultural fields, was archaeologically in present-day Germany, Czech Republic, excavated in the late-1940s and 1950s and the Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania. boundary exceeds the archaeological site boundary that contains all known evidence of A diverse range of mine types are also identified prehistoric settlement. with different surface expressions in a remarkably intact anthropogenic surface that The property does not suffer from current presents a rare prehistoric industrial landscape adverse development or neglect. The preserved of shaft depressions and up-cast waste, visual setting of the property is protected by remnants of flint workshops, miners’ camps and means of restrictive buffer zone management communication routes. Gawroniec Settlement, and the rigorous application of heritage impact integral to the functioning of the deposit

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assessments including to quarries used in Property Royal Building of Mafra – recent times. Palace, Basilica, Convent, Cerco Garden and Hunting Park Authenticity (Tapada) Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining State Party Portugal Region is authentic in all its attributes, ID No. 1573 expressed by information sources, that include: the well preserved form and structure of the Date of inscription 2019 underground structures, such as shafts, chambers, communication galleries, transport Brief synthesis corridors, supporting pillars or waste heaps of The Royal Building of Mafra consists of a mining and processing, as well as the Palace, which integrates a Basilica, with its axial aboveground industrial mining landscape frontispiece uniting the King and the Queen consisting of shaft depressions and waste tips, wings, a Convent, the Cerco Garden and a remnants of flint workshops, miners’ camps and Hunting Park (Tapada). communication routes. The majority of the It represents one of the most magnificent works mining fields are left unexcavated. At undertaken by King João V, who had Krzemionki Opatowskie Mining Field, a small exceptional cultural and economic conditions segment of the mining field has been excavated that allowed him to stand out among other archaeologically and, after some conservation European monarchies as a powerful sovereign work, illustrates a combination of attributes that of a vast multicontinental empire. have remained almost unchanged for over 5,000 years. Attributes of Gawroniec Settlement Beginning with the choice of the architect are equally easily legible in terms of location and Johann Friedrich Ludwig, a Swabian with setting, form, and archaeological evidence that training in Rome - this project symbolised an is tangible proof of organisation and process international affirmation of the Portuguese ruling directly tied to the mining fields. Archaeological dynasty. The ongoing fascination experienced excavations were conducted between 1947 and by the monarch for the Rome of the great popes 1961 and apart from plentiful waste from flint in the Baroque period led him to commission the processing, dateable evidence included pottery work of important artists for Mafra, which (large storage vessels, funnel-shaped flasks and ultimately became one of the most relevant sites vases, ceramic pipes, and ceramic weaving of Italian Baroque outside Italy. spindles) and organic remains which were radiocarbon-dated to between 3,500 and 3,200 On the occasion of the consecration of the BCE. Basilica, on October 22nd 1730, the King’s birthday, the monument was not yet concluded Protection and management requirements but the project was well defined and in an The property is under full legal protection in its advanced stage of implementation: a grandiose entirety. The management system for building complex integrating seamlessly a royal Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining palace, a basilica and a convent with its library. Region is implemented by the ‘Krzemionki’ The Royal Palace endowed with two turrets that, Archaeological Museum and Reserve (Muzeum functioning independently, were the private Archeologiczne i Rezerwat „Krzemionki”), a apartments of the royal couple; the church, a local museum which takes the lead role in the Basilica decorated with 58 statues by the best management and protection of Krzemionki. Its Roman and Florentine artists, and an activity has been adapted and extended to the unprecedented set of French and Italian other three component parts in the series, as ecclesiastic vestments; two towers on the part of a new property management plan facade containing two carillons ordered from process. A cultural park is being created (2020- Flanders and constituting a unique bell heritage 2025) to facilitate the preparation of a local worldwide; a Library containing works of great spatial development plan in integration with the cultural and scientific interest, and one of the management plan, which will enable planned few that was allowed to incorporate “banned and coordinated execution of the tasks and books”, a remarkable collection of incunabula protection of the wider setting of the property. and manuscripts, as well as a bibliographic collection with a wide range of publications from the 15th to the 19th centuries. From the mid- eighteenth century the new stone altar pieces of the Basilica were carved, a work of Alessandro Giusti, an Italian artist who founded, in Mafra, a school of sculpture. It was also in Mafra that Joaquim Machado de Castro, the most important Portuguese sculptor of the 18th century, received his training, furthermore, it was on the immense construction site of Mafra that the knowledge and practices were acquired and then applied for the reconstruction of Lisbon after the devastation caused by the 1755 earthquake. Noteworthy are also the six historic

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organs of the Basilica, ordered to the Integrity Portuguese organ masters, António de The Royal Building of Mafra has preserved most Machado Cerveira and Peres Fontanes at the of its historical, architectural and artistic end of the 18th century and designed and built characteristics and includes all attributes to play simultaneously. justifying its Outstanding Universal Value. The The Cerco Garden started out as a convent works carried out throughout the centuries have enclosure at the disposal of the friars and also preserved the building, its proportions and for the purpose of court. As early as in 1718, volumes, extending its life without changing its King João V ordered the planting of all kinds of physiognomy and functions, as well as the existing wild trees in the Empire in well Tapada in its initial extension; on the other hand, distributed beds and wide paths which favoured only part of the Cerco Garden reflects its original the organisation of the area in symmetrical plots, layout, having been modified and reduced to however its current layout results from enlarge the Palace. However, altogether, the subsequent adaptations. The garden includes a complex has survived almost intact and large central lake into which converge the continues to illustrate the ideological values and watercourses of the Tapada and an adjoining aesthetic principles of the first half of the 18th well associated with a noria. This also contains century. Noteworthy are the consistency of the unusual Ball Game Field, built on the orders design, rhythm, symmetry, aesthetic quality and of the Regular Canons of Saint Augustine, when harmony, the dignity of the work, the impeccable they occupied the Convent between 1771 and quality of the project details and implementation, 1792. the constructive competence, the good distribution of resources, the prudent The Hunting Park (Tapada) was created in 1747 administration of construction and the efficient as a private hunting ground for the monarch, as creation of spaces according to the needs. well as for agriculture and livestock breeding, in Threats to the property are mainly related to the order to serve the needs of the Palace and the severe thermal amplitudes and the saline winds Convent. In late 19th century and in the of the Atlantic coast, as well as the danger of beginning of the following century, the Hunting forest fires in the summer. Improvements in the Park was the privileged stage for the hunting grounds immediately adjacent to the Palace parties of King Carlos I, who went as far as to would strengthen the integrity of property. build a pavilion, within the approximately 1,200 hectares that make up this property. Authenticity During its almost 300 years of existence, the Altogether, the Royal Building of Mafra with the Royal Building of Mafra did not register any Cerco Garden and the Tapada offer a rare and significant alterations that compromised its almost complete example of baroque estate authenticity, namely, as regards its design, form comprising a multifunctional palace, a formal and materials used, only registering small garden and a Tapada, which have been reversible changes. From the point of view of elsewhere lost. restoration and preservation, the restoration of Criterion (iv): The Royal Building of Mafra the six Organs of the Basilica, the Throne reflects the materialization of absolute power Room, and the Carillons (in the programming from the time of the King João V, as well as a phase) can be highlighted. Despite the political, strategy for consolidation of the Portuguese economic and social transformations that took empire and national sovereignty, affirmation of place between the 18th century and the present the dynastic legitimacy, a closer proximity to the day, the Royal Building adjusted itself to several international sources of authority, namely of the different functions without, however, losing its Papacy of Rome, as well as distancing from the basic characteristics. Although it ceased to be a Spanish Crown. The international dimension of state residence as a consequence of the the Portuguese empire and the grandeur of its Implantation of the Republic in 1910, it gained a sovereign are at the origin of the gigantism of museum status and public fruition; due to the this construction and the aesthetic options extinction of religious orders in 1834, the taken, directly inspired by some of the best Convent began to host military institutions to this examples of Baroque architecture in the city of day. The Basilica ceased to be a royal chapel, Rome. Other features in this Monument housing the parish's headquarters in 1836; and contribute to making this royal residential the Library preserves its mission to support complex one of the most important in Europe, study and research. Further documentation and considering not only its size and constructive cartographic inventory of the Tapada landscape accuracy, but also some integrated pieces such and historic features would contribute to as the Carillons and the Organs of the Basilica, strengthen the overall authenticity of the musical sets of exceptional relevance in the Complex and the understanding of its historic world. The Hunting Park (Tapada) is an development. example of large-scale landscape creation Protection and management requirements forming a territorial unit management umbilically connected with the Palace and the Convent. The Royal Building of Mafra is classified as a National Monument by a Decree issued on January 10th 1907, published in the Governmental Journal no. 14 of January 17th

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1907, Decree of June 16th 1910, published in Property Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do the Governmental Journal 1st series, no. 136, of Monte in Braga June 23th 1910. State Party Portugal The main law guaranteeing legal protection to ID No. 1590 the Royal Building of Mafra is Law n. 107/2001, Date of inscription 2019 establishing the foundations for the policies and the system of norms of protection and Brief synthesis enhancement of cultural heritage. In order to Located in the city of Braga, in the North of ensure the application of this law, Decree Portugal, the sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte no. 140, of June 15th 2009, established the is built facing west and has expansive views, at legal framework for studies, projects, reports, times of the ocean itself, overlooking the whole works or interventions on classified properties, city of Braga, the Bracara Augusta founded in stipulating the need for prior and systematic roman times of which it is historically evaluation and monitoring of any works inseparable. The sanctuary is a type of susceptible of impacting on their integrity, so as architectural and landscape ensemble rebuilt to avoid any disfiguration, dilapidation, loss of and enhanced throughout a period of over 600 features or authenticity, which can be ensured years, mainly defined by a long and complex by appropriate and thorough planning by duly Viae Crucis expanding up the hill, leading qualified persons. Furthermore, there is a policy pilgrims through chapels that house sculptural of responsible management that focuses upon collections evoking the Passion of Christ, environmental solutions and on maintaining a fountains, sculptures and formal gardens. It is constructive and open dialogue with partners inscribed in an enclosure of 26 ha, totally and, among others, with the council to mitigate accessible to the public. It belongs to the potential negative impacts from undue usage of Confraternity of Bom Jesus do Monte, the areas surrounding the monument, as duly institution that continuously overlooks the place stipulated by Decree no. 309, of October 23rd for almost 400 years. 2009, which establishes the restrictions appropriate to protecting and enhancing the The landscape and architectural ensemble of areas around such cultural assets. the Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte is part of a European project for the creation of Sacri The General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Monti, spurred by the Council of Trent, was established by Law Decree n. 115/2012: its embodying a sacred mount which has mission is to oversee the implementation of the witnessed several moments in the history of the protection and guarantee the management, city of Braga and its archdiocese, reaching a safeguarding, conservation and restoration of unique formal and symbolic complexity and an protected cultural properties in Portugal. unprecedented monumental character and The National Palace of Mafra, as a museum, is dimension in the context of European sacred also subject to the provisions of the Museum mounts, with a baroque style and a grand Framework Law n. 47/2004 and enjoys a Safety religious narrative, typical of the Counter- Plan, a compulsory instrument according to the Reformation. law. It is a complete and complex manifestation The Tapada is subject also to the provisions of resulting from a creative-genius, a monumental Law Decree n. 151-B/2013 and subsequent stairway where the conception models and modification, Environmental Impact aesthetic preferences clearly represent the Assessment, and Forest management plan different periods of its construction, culminating approved in 2014. in a piece of great unity and harmony. It is organized in two sections: (1) the moments A cooperation protocol was signed in 2019 and before Jesus Christ’s death, ending in the a cooperation unit was established among the church and (2) the glorious life of Christ key responsible entities: the General Directorate resurrected culminating in the Yard of the for Cultural Heritage, the School of Arms, the Evangelists. Enclosure and sanctuary blend National Tapada of Mafra, the Municipality of together resulting in a cultural landscape. Mafra and the Parish of Santo André in Mafra. A robust management structure, based on strong The study made on Bom Jesus do Monte has coordination, a unified approach and clear shown that the history of its construction is commitments are necessary to guarantee the extremely rich in events and initiatives, long-term sustenance of the Outstanding highlighted by important personalities, allowing Universal Value of the property and its full for several time periods to be defined, since its enjoyment. inception to the present day. Its evolution throughout the centuries has allowed for a Moreover, a conservation programme, including continual integration of the elements, within the definition of clear priorities and sources of same religious narrative, reaching its highest funding, should be developed by the responsible point during the baroque period. Its execution managing institutions. A conservation plan for was possible through an extraordinary the Cerco Garden should be also developed by mobilization of resources, namely through alms the Municipality. and offerings, representing a continued and determined effort throughout generations, over a

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period of more than six centuries. The result is a expansion has broadly encompassed the high quality and solid construction, with a legacies handed down from previous historical concentration of artistic and technical periods. Today, the sanctuary and its enclosure expressions, a landscape where, together with retain all the elements that reflect the values and water, granite is celebrated, sculpted within a importance of the property. luxurious “nature”, perfectly integrated into the landscape. The attributes of the structural and ornamental materials: granite walls, stairways, patios, Criterion (iv): The sanctuary of Bom Jesus do gardens, chapels, church, fountains and Monte is an extraordinary example of a sacred statues, associated with the presence of water mount with an unprecedented monumentality and of decisive importance for the property’s determined by a complete and elaborate artistic and symbolic dimension and for narrative of the Passion of Christ of great interpretation of the overall narrative of the importance to the history of humanity. It property, as well as the surrounding woodlands embodies traits that identify roman Catholicism, and park have remained intact, and guarantee such as externalization of celebration, the completeness of the narrative and integrity community sense, theatricality, and life as a of the ensemble. permanent and inexhaustible journey. The general state of conservation of the The sanctuary stands out due to its impact and property is good. Recently, a project regarding affirmation in the landscape, the architectural the requalification of the heritage was carried and decorative originality of its stairways, the out, namely through the preservation and strong sensations generated when visiting it, restoration of the façades and roofing of the specific to its baroque character. The unity of church, ten chapels of the Viae Crucis, including the sanctuary within its enclosure is a distinctive their exterior and interior sculptures and murals, factor that generates tremendous formal and and some stretches of the stairways. A new functional harmony. It is a masterpiece resulting phase is about to start, to further improve the from creative genius, integrating a set of condition. The hotel units and other facilities monumental stairways, displaying models of surrounding the Sanctuary such as the funicular, design, taste and aesthetic preferences of each Casa das Estampas, Colunata de Eventos period of construction, integrated in an recently underwent restoration works and are ensemble of great unity and harmony thus in a good state of conservation. The park constituting a cultural landscape. The unity of and the wood are also in a good general state of the architectural ensemble and its high artistic conservation except for some steepest areas, quality result from its overall design and and the presence of old decaying trees and organization, structure and composition, as well some invasive species. as from the predominant use of granite, which endows the sanctuary with a significant The sanctuary of Bom Jesus and its enclosure sculptural and plastic dimension. Retaining and represent almost four centuries of continued dividing walls, stairways, buildings, fountains, management of the property by a single entity: pavements, ornaments and an impressive and the Confraternity of Bom Jesus do Monte, unprecedented set of statues are all made of established in 1629. granite, resulting in a work of high construction Urban expansion and visitor pressures require quality. The contrast between the whitewashed close monitoring; the removal of the terrace bar granite, on the one hand, and the surrounding should be finalised, and fire risk management lush green park and wood, on the other, enhanced. decisively contributes to the sanctuary’s baroque character. The property reflects also a Authenticity concentration of technical ingenuity (hydraulics, The property is generally authentic in terms of supports for the terrain, built structures, its location, setting, form and design, materials mechanics) and of artistic expression and substance, and continuing religious use. (architecture, sculpture, painting). The sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga Integrity dates back to at least the 14th century. It The formal and functional composition of the progressively acquired importance and religious sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte and its and cultural significance, especially from the enclosure, as evolved, remains intact overall early 17th century onwards, after the and its essential character has been preserved. Confraternity of Bom Jesus do Monte was founded. Since then, documents relating to the The historical physical context has remained initiatives that were taken to enhance the practically intact up to the present day and, sanctuary, including those which made it although it combines several stages of evolution possible to expand its physical space and of significant artistic interest, the ensemble has enhance the complexity of its forms and retained its overall integrity, in terms of materials composition, have been recorded in the minutes and modes of execution. The history of the of the meetings of the Board of the property reveals that the sanctuary’s physical Confraternity. Monographs written about the dimension has evolved to ensure its religious sanctuary, descriptions provided by travellers dimension, while it has simultaneously affirmed and scholars, engravings and paintings, itself as a place of villegiatura. This physical

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pilgrims’ manuals, technical drawings of building The Confraternity of Bom Jesus is the entity works, photographs, among other records, responsible for managing the property’s heritage constitute significant primary sources of and religious worship. The management is information. made in an ecumenical manner, since the property is simultaneously managed as a The visual and written information of illustrations religious place and a space dedicated to the arts - of which only those produced since the end of and culture. It is understood that only through a the 18th century (e.g. the survey by Carlos peaceful coexistence between these two Amarante in 1790 and the engraving of the realities a sustainable management is possible, sanctuary, undated, possibly from the 1770s or without deteriorating its tangible and intangible 1780s), drawings and descriptions constitute assets. Timely funding for conservation works is records of significant rigor. These elements can an ongoing management challenge. be compared with the historical buildings that now exist and thereby confirm the authenticity of The overall objectives of management are to these information sources. There is significant preserve and enhance the attributes of the physical evidence of the various stages of the sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte and define sanctuary’s evolution - the property itself sustainable practices for the management, constitutes a document that testifies to its maintenance and use of the sanctuary, the park evolution over time. and the wood as a cultural landscape. The understanding of the landscape planting’s Management issues to be addressed include historical design and related meaning should be improving the documentation by completing the enhanced through further research and this inventory of heritage elements, improving should also inform management. institutional links related to fire prevention and firefighting, maintaining an updated action plan, Protection and management requirements visitor management, and enhanced monitoring. The protection mechanisms of the sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte are defined nationally and locally, under the aegis of the Ministry of Property Central Sikhote-Alin Culture, through the Directorate General of State Party Russian Federation Cultural Heritage (DGPC), in coordination with ID No. 766 Bis the regional structure, the Regional-Directorate for Culture - North (DRCNorte) and supported Date of inscription 2001, 2018 by a robust legal framework. The Notice no. Brief synthesis 68/2017, of May 10, triggered opening of the procedure to extend the classification of the The Sikhote-Alin Mountains are a remote sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte, so as to mountain range in the temperate zone of the encompass the entire sacred mount including Russian Far East stretching across some 1,000 the funicular, and its reclassification as a kilometres along the Sea of Japan to the national monument. Since that time, all legal northeast of Vladivostok. The serial property provisions regarding the protection of a national brings together three protected areas in the monument apply to the property. central part of the mountain range, inscribed in two steps. The strictly protected Sikhote-Alin The heritage protection instruments apply at a Zapovednik (401,428 ha) was inscribed in 2001, national and local / municipal level. National jointly with the much smaller Goralij Wildlife legislation ensures compliance with the Reserve on the coast (4,749 ha), which includes requirements for protection of the listed heritage some 2,900 ha of marine territory. In 2018, the site and its buffer zone. Law no. 107/2001 of inscription of Bikin National Park added some September 8 establishes the basis for the policy 1.2 million hectares as a serial extension, and regime for protection and enhancement of thereby almost quadrupling the property’s cultural heritage, in particular by indicating the surface area to an impressive 1,566,818 ha. classification objectives for safeguarding cultural The property is situated within the “Primorye assets, and their protection and management. Centre of Plant Diversity” at the biogeographic On the other hand, Decree-law no. 309/2009 of meeting point of fauna and flora from the taiga, October 23 defines the procedure for temperate forests and the subtropics. It classification of immovable cultural property, the harbours representations of some of the globally regime of protection zones and the most diverse and intact temperate mixed and establishment of rules for drawing up a detailed broadleaf forests, known as the Ussuriyskaya or plan to safeguard such sites. Ussuri Taiga, part of the Manchurian Forests. At the local level, Braga City Council operates Building upon an earlier traditional use zone, under the recently revised Municipal Master Bikin National Park grants far-reaching resource Plan which contains clear rules, both for the use rights to indigenous peoples who were sanctuary and the buffer zone. National and instrumental in preventing large-scale logging in local legislation ensures compliance with the the middle and upper reaches of the Bikin River requirements for protection of the property and Valley prior the declaration of the national park. its buffer zone, thereby ensuring that the The livelihoods and culture of local communities Outstanding Universal Value is preserved over and the indigenous Udege, Nanai and Orochi time.

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peoples continue to be closely linked with the in size in the 1950s, the zapovednik was forest landscape. subsequently enlarged again to its present size. The combination of large surface area, Beyond its sheer size, the serial extension is remoteness, difficult access and longstanding significant as World Heritage protection now protection status has ensured the effective applies to both main slopes of the range, which conservation of the zapovednik as a significant are markedly distinct in terms of relief, climate, example of the eastern slope of the mountains vegetation, landscape and biodiversity. The facing the Sea of Japan. While the Goralij altitudinal gradient ranges from sea level to Wildlife Reserve adds important complementary some 1,900 m.a.s.l., adding further ecosystem coastal and marine conservation values to the and habitat diversity. The mountains are serial property, it is more vulnerable to threats renowned for extraordinarily high numbers of and edge effects. The inscription of Bikin plants and invertebrates by the standards of National Park as a serial extension has strongly temperate regions and a high degree of increased both the scale and ecological endemism. The Amur Tiger, the world’s largest representativeness of protected lands. The cat also known as the Siberian Tiger, is the most roadless national park’s large scale, relative spectacular representative of the fauna. The isolation and spatial configuration in line with the Sikhote-Alin Mountains are home to almost the natural boundaries of the middle and upper entire remaining population of this endangered reaches of the Bikin River watershed make for a and culturally revered tiger subspecies, the high degree of naturalness and integrity. Historic undisputed flagship and umbrella species of the human impacts include high levels of trapping region. for the fur trade and escape of farmed American Criterion (x): Despite ongoing large-scale mink into the wild decades ago. logging in the region, much of the Sikhote-Alin Protection and management requirements Range continues to be covered in natural vegetation with large remnants of intact forests The three protected areas jointly constituting the in its less accessible reaches. The property serial property are all state-owned in their boasts intact representations of one of the entirety. The main drivers of forest loss and world’s most diverse temperate forest degradation in the region, industrial logging and landscapes on both the eastern and western mineral exploration and extraction, are legally slopes of the central Sikhote-Alin Mountains. excluded throughout the property. The history of Forest types vary according to aspect and along the Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik dates back to the the altitudinal gradient from sea level to almost 1930s; like all federal strictly protected areas in 2,000 m.a.s.l., transitioning into tundra the Russian Federation, it is administered by the vegetation in the highest elevations. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment combination of glacial history, location, climate in line with federal protected area legislation and and relief has permitted the evolution of highly specific regulations, whereas the relatively small diverse temperate forests with unique species Goralij Wildlife Reserve is administrated by a assemblages showing boreal, temperate and regional Hunting Department as a species subtropical faunal and floral elements, management area. The more recent extension recognized as a global “Centre of Plant followed the creation of Bikin National Park in Diversity”. The recorded 1,200 species of 2015 and the approval of corresponding vascular plant species, including some 180 regulations in 2016. A noteworthy particularity of trees and shrubs, is extraordinarily high for a Bikin National Park is the granting of far- temperate forest and comprises numerous reaching subsistence hunting and harvesting endemics. The more than 400 documented rights to indigenous peoples within substantial vertebrate species include an impressive 65 zones of the national park based on mammal species. For several of these, the longstanding negotiation predating the mountain range is either the southernmost establishment of the national park. The distribution limit, for example for Wolverine, or expectation is that indigenous peoples have the northernmost, such as for the majestic Amur strong incentives to restrict resource use to Tiger. For the latter, and many other species, sustainable levels and play an important role in Central Sikhote-Alin is of critical conservation terms of defending their resources against importance. Further notable and charismatic poaching and illegal harvesting. The indigenous species include the long-tailed Goral Goat, use rights are not derived from national park Siberian Musk Deer, both Himalayan Black Bear status per se, but based on corresponding and Brown Bear, Lynx, as well as spectacular, stipulations in the applicable decree, which endangered birds like the Blakiston’s Fish-Owl, makes them potentially vulnerable to legal and the world’s largest owl, the scaly-sided policy changes. The overarching coordination of Merganser and the red-crowned Crane. the management of the three components of the serial property is of utmost importance, fully Integrity taking into account that each has its own When the Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik was first management category and that two established in the 1930s, it was the largest governmental levels are involved. The small strictly protected area in Russia and Goralij Wildlife Reserve is the most vulnerable encompassed what is today Bikin National Park component due to its small size and within its boundaries. Following major reduction comparatively easy access.

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The Amur Tiger has been fully protected from evolution and the interaction of natural and hunting since 1947. Past population collapses, cultural heritage. in part due to poaching, are a reminder of the vulnerability of this iconic flagship species. Criterion (iii): The continuity of the oasis Permanent and major efforts within and beyond agricultural tradition is represented by an the property are needed to prevent the organically evolved cultural landscape with an extinction of the species, including, but not agricultural organization based upon the limited to, law enforcement. Some poaching, distribution of the spring water through a illegal fishing and illegal harvesting are reported, network of open-air canals. Al-Ahsa Oasis requiring decisive management responses. cultural landscape materializes the vivacity and Other concerns include fires, the importance of modernity of this specific land-use tradition and which may increase in light of anticipated shows its continuing relevance at the local and climate change and improved access to the regional scale. mountain range. As pressure on timber, Criterion (iv): This large cultural landscape is medicinal plants and wildlife in the broader composed of different zones covering the oasis’ forest region is expected to further increase, the gardens, mountains, caves, villages, mosques future integrity of the property will depend not and springs, but also archaeological sites and a only on the effectiveness of managing the three small section of the historic centre of Al-Hofuf component parts, but on coordinated with the main monuments embodying the management of the entire serial property and its political control over the area and its commercial buffer zones. Similarly, the consolidation of the role throughout the past centuries. The vestiges growing protected area network in the region is of the villages, fortresses, mosques, markets an investment in the integrity of the property; and houses, though often in a ruinous shape, some of the protected areas in the region may preserve a complete catalogue of the be considered as potential further serial architectural elements composing the urban extensions of the property in the future. Efforts settlement of Al-Ahsa from the early Islamic to maintain connectivity at the landscape level, period to the Saudi Kingdom. including but not limited to effective buffer zone arrangements and measured land and resource Criterion (v): The oasis is an outstanding use are needed to ensure the future integrity of example of traditional human settlement the property and the survival of its flagship, the developed in a desert environment exemplifying Amur Tiger. It is clear that the latter requires the the intimate link between landscape, natural continued involvement of all sectors and resources and the human efforts to settle the governmental levels, as well as of local land. The rich water table close to the surface communities and indigenous peoples. permitted the growth of a large oasis settlement. Water was originating from surface springs and drawn from wells reaching the shallow water table. Some of these springs and wells are still Property Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving visible in the site, living memory of the traditional Cultural Landscape farming techniques. State Party Saudi Arabia ID No. 1563 Integrity Date of inscription 2018 The property shows the sustainable evolution of the oasis and of its associated human Brief synthesis settlements, where the physical and functional Al-Ahsa Oasis is located in the eastern part of relations between the natural landscape, the the Arabian Peninsula, bordered on the north by water springs, the water canalization system, Abqaiq province, on the east by the Gulf, on the the villages, and the cities create a continuously west by the desert of Ad-Dahna and on the evolving human-created oasis environment. Al- south by the desert of Ar-Rub' Al-Khali (the Ahsa Oasis remains today the largest Empty Quarter). The oasis landscape that agricultural area in the Arabian Peninsula, and a evolved over millennia presents a way of life working and living environment that has typical of the Gulf region of the Arabian developed in direct continuity with its origins and Peninsula. This cultural landscape consists of its past. gardens, canals, springs, wells, an agricultural The component parts of the property possess drainage lake, as well as historic buildings. Al- an evident topographical integrity presenting the Ahsa Oasis is composed of twelve component ensemble of the elements that characterize and parts forming the largest oasis in the world with make an oasis possible: water springs, caves, more than 2.5 million palm trees, urban fabric mountains, flatlands, modern and historic canals and archaeological sites that represent the and water lifting mechanisms, human evolution of an ancient cultural tradition and the settlements and natural drainage areas. The traces of sedentary human occupation in the continuing use of the oasis as major agricultural Gulf region of the Arabian Peninsula from the zone where high-quality dates are produced and Neolithic Period up to the present. The exported throughout the world, and the landscape of Al-Ahsa in the past and now persistence of traditions and built elements from represents the different phases of the oasis’s the past eras, are authentic in use preserving

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both the agricultural and the settlement / their product. The State Party supports commercial integrity of the oasis functions. grassroots organic farmers, and the Saudi Government graciously donates the surplus of Throughout the millennia, while constantly palm dates from Al-Ahsa to the United Nations evolving, the integrity of relationships between World Food Programme. the palm groves, the water sources and canals, the human settlements and the natural Strict regulations for farms permit developments landscape has remained constant, adapting to only on the edges of roads and highways, as the needs of the human societies that well as up to 15% of the agricultural parcel set in developed in the area. Water distribution and private farms for agricultural services or rural water abduction modifications in the past 40 housing under the controls of the municipal years have aimed to maintain the very building code. Moreover, a royal decree agricultural function of the oasis. prevents the conversion of agricultural parcels into urban uses. In addition, development of the The extraordinary integrity of this urban / natural surrounding areas in Al-Asfar Lake is still under landscape can still be fully appreciated when evaluation and has not been adopted nor observing from an elevated point the “sea” of developed. palm trees and gardens that extends in every direction almost endlessly. The sheer size of the Protection and management requirements property permits to ensure the complete Al-Ahsa Oasis is protected under the Saudi Law representation of all tangible attributes of the of Antiquities, Museums and Urban Heritage, cultural landscape and of the social processes Royal Decree No. 9/M (dated, 09/01/1436 AH conveying its Outstanding Universal Value. The corresponding to 01/11/2014). The Antiquity oasis constituting elements are contained within Law introduces and details the concept of Urban the boundaries of the property and clearly Heritage protection, paving the way for effective manifest their significance and exceptionality. protection of historic monuments and districts The unique scale of Al-Ahsa Oasis, the largest inside the Oasis. Article 46 of the law defines oasis in the world, is mirrored by the very size of the coordination mechanism between relevant the property, while its historic depth and the governmental entities pertaining to the complexity of traditional oasis agricultural protection and development of urban heritage methods are represented by the major areas. archaeological zones within the property, Archaeological sites and listed historic buildings covering thousands of years of human are also protected by the 09/01/1436 AH Law settlement, and by the persistence of traditional and are managed by the Saudi Commission for oasis agricultural crops beside the dominant Heritage. date palm, including the red rice variety typical of Al-Ahsa. The integrity of the property is Environmental protection of the nominated reinforced by the continuity of human presence property is covered by Articles 15, 16, 17 and 32 in the oasis villages and by the existence of both of the 1992 Basic Law of Governance (referred traditional historic souks (like Al-Qaysariyah in to as “the constitution of Saudi Arabia”). Al-Hofuf) and modern markets for the exchange Development is regulated by the Public of agricultural and handicrafts products of the Environmental Law (No. M/34 dated 16 October oasis. 2001). Landscape views and intangible attributes Urban regulations on the local level are defined relating, for example, to food traditions, work by Al-Ahsa 2030 Master Plan and the Indicative songs and clothes contribute to expressing the Plan Report for Al-Ahsa Metropolitan area property’s Outstanding Universal Value. All the (2014), which synchronizes studies, approval integrity aspects (composition, relationships and plans, and regulations that are issued by functionality of attributes) necessary to sustain Ministry of Municipalities and Rural Affairs. The the Outstanding Universal Value are Plan protects agricultural land located within an represented, and the serial site as a whole, with urban context, which is relevant to component its component parts, allows the expression of part As-Seef and buffer zones ii and iii. the significance of the property to the highest degree. The Ministry of Environment Water and Agriculture (MEWA) and its affiliate Al-Hassa Authenticity Irrigation and Drainage Company (HIDC) The oasis was, and remains, a major source of regulate water management for landscape and agricultural crops, the most important of which is agricultural lands. They function under the palm dates. Al-Ahsa oasis, with its different and ‘Regulation Concerning the Protection of Water interconnected sectors, was the largest oasis in Sources’, issued by Royal Decree No. M/34 of the world and the largest producer of dates even year 1400 H/1979 AD. before the 1960s and the introduction of “mass production” techniques. Palm dates are the The property is currently managed by five main agricultural staple of Al-Ahsa oasis, local national level main stakeholders and ten local communities are involved in packaging and level main stakeholders. The ‘Oasis Higher making use of modern technologies to assure Management Committee’ under the direction of the wide spread marketing and distribution of Al-Ahsa Governor, which meets on a monthly

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basis, carries out the coordination of all Property Barberton Makhonjwa stakeholders. A Management Scheme, formally Mountains approved by the Governor of Al-Ahsa, aims to State Party South Africa better coordinate and integrate management ID No. 1575 mechanisms of the oasis at Municipal and Provincial levels on the one hand, and to Date of inscription 2018 coordinate field activities with the headquarters Brief synthesis of the Ministry of Municipalities and Rural Affairs and the other relevant governmental entities on The Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains contain the other hand. an outstanding record of some of the oldest, most diverse, and best-preserved volcanic and The Management Scheme consists of a ‘Higher sedimentary rocks on the early Earth. These Committee’ (HC) and a ‘Site Management Unit’ outcrops have been intensively studied for more (SMU) based in Al-Ahsa Municipality. The Site than a century, and provide key insights into Management Unit will take on the role of site early Earth processes including the formation of manager and will be responsible for verifying all continents, surface conditions 3.5 to 3.2 billion planning regulations for the property, its buffer years ago, and the environment in which life first zones and the larger urban and natural setting, appeared on our planet. in order to ensure their conformity with the requirements and principles of the World Encased by large granite bodies and buried by a Heritage Convention. An independent ‘Scientific thick layer of sedimentary strata, this 340- Committee’ will be established to provide million-year long record of Archaean lavas and technical advice to local leadership for the sediments has largely escaped both management of the property. metamorphism and erosion for all of that time. The geosites provide some of the earliest Within the framework of the Management Plan evidence of the chemical composition of our Guidelines, a number of initiatives for the oceans and atmosphere and of the way conservation and development of the oasis have continents are formed – all unique attributes of been identified such as: landscape initiatives, our planet. The Outstanding Universal Value of architectural and urban initiatives, archaeology the property lies in both the remarkable state of and cultural initiatives. An Action Plan is to be preservation of the geosites, their variety, and completed. The Higher Committee will be their close proximity. There are literally responsible for overseeing the implementation hundreds of geosites of interest which, when of the Action Plan. their information is combined, allow the The intended development of a comprehensive Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains to tell a richly strategy for the sustainable development of the consistent and as yet only partly explored story oasis will include risk preparedness. The Site of how life on Earth began. Management Unit will oversee the realization of Criterion (viii): The property is a unique the risk management strategy in coordination remnant of the ancient Earth’s crust, containing with national security and civil defence. among the oldest, and best-preserved sequence Sustainable cultural tourism strategy is one of of volcanic and sedimentary rocks on Earth. the priorities of the site management plan, with These highly accessible ancient exposures the intention to offer a holistic presentation of present a continuous 340-million-year sequence the property including tangible and intangible of rocks, starting 3 600 million years ago. Their aspects. It is part of a large-scale regional physical, chemical and biological characteristics tourism plan for the Eastern Province and the provide an unparalleled source of scientific Gulf coastal area. information about the early Earth ‒ including the origin of continents, deposits of the hottest lavas The management plan foresees an important ever to flow on Earth, repeated meteorite role for the civil society and local community in bombardments, anoxic oceans and atmosphere supporting the sustainable development and ‒ that formed the environment in which primitive conservation of the property. unicellular life first appeared on our planet. The outstanding value of these rocks lies in the large The management of the oasis should include a number of sites and features that, when specific component of studying, understanding, combined, provide a unique, and as yet only monitoring and conserving the biodiversity of the partially explored, scientific resource. oasis as an integral part of its heritage protection and sustainability. Integrity The monitoring regime, once in place, could be The entire 113,137 ha property lies within the improved by more precise periodicity. Barberton Greenstone Belt and covers some 40% of that geological complex. The property’s boundary encloses a fully representative sample of 154 registered rock outcrops and is configured as a single, contiguous entity representing the key attributes of the property’s Outstanding Universal Value within the context of land use compatible with World Heritage

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designation. All of the key features of early Earth management, protection and decision making. crustal evolution are represented by world-class The South African World Heritage Convention geosites that are reasonably undeformed and Committee (SAWHCC) oversees the only very slightly metamorphosed in some implementation of the Convention. cases. Ensuring coordinated and cohesive planning The property does not have a conventional and management across the various parts of the buffer zone and is safeguarded through existing property will require finalization and effective land use zonation as defined in national implementation of the proposed Barberton planning and environmental legislation. Makhonjwa Mountains Integrated Management Nevertheless, it is important to continually Plan as an agreed joint management strengthen the enforcement mechanisms for framework. planning and environmental legislation. Prior to inscription, the State Party committed to Greenstone belts such as Barberton Makhonjwa increased staffing capacity with specific Mountains host significant proportions of some geoheritage technical capacities. It will be of the world’s mineral resources; thus, mining important to maintain and further enhance levels will be a threat in any greenstone belt worldwide of qualified geoheritage expertise and to better except the most remote. The level of threat in balance planning and management emphasis the property is not high by comparison with between biodiversity and geodiversity in light of other greenstone belts worldwide and is now the property’s Outstanding Universal Value. largely under control due to the relatively high standards of South African environmental law. Land-owners within the property have signed a However, ongoing prospecting demand resolution committing themselves and their pressure continues. The threat of mining properties to support the proposed World persists and will require careful monitoring. Heritage Site on condition that they are afforded formal representation on all decision-making Protection and management requirements structures and that their land ownership rights The property is well protected by law including are protected. The sustained cooperation of the World Heritage Convention Act, 1999 (Act relevant land-owners will be important to foster No. 49 of 1999), the National Heritage and maintain as it is crucial to ongoing Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999), protection and ensuring visitor access to key National Environmental Management Protected geosites. The geosites are easy to access by Areas Act, 2003 (Act No. 57 of 2003), researchers and the visiting public in attractive Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency Act, surroundings with a comfortable climate, which 2005 (No. 5 of 2005), Mpumalanga Nature supports appreciation of their remarkable Conservation Act, 1998 (No. 10 of 1998) and geological heritage value. related regulations. The Integrated Management Plan provides a sound framework for

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