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Une Autre Théorie Critique: L'histoire Intellectuelle De La Revue Nord

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Une Autre Théorie Critique: L'histoire Intellectuelle De La Revue Nord Une autre théorie critique : l’histoire intellectuelle de la revue Nord-américaine Telos 1968-2001 Emilie Himeur To cite this version: Emilie Himeur. Une autre théorie critique : l’histoire intellectuelle de la revue Nord-américaine Telos 1968-2001. Science politique. Université de Bordeaux, 2014. Français. NNT : 2014BORD0474. tel-02374620 HAL Id: tel-02374620 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02374620 Submitted on 21 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DE DROIT 41 SPÉCIALITÉ SCIENCE POLITIQUE Par Emilie HIMEUR Une autre théorie critique : l'histoire intellectuelle de la revue nord-américaine Telos, 1968-2001 Sous la direction de : Patrick TROUDE-CHASTENET Soutenue le 17 Novembre 2014 Membres du jury : M. MILAČIĆ Slobodan, Professeur émérite de l'Université de Bordeaux Président M. PORTIER Philippe, Professeur à l'EPHE (Paris-Sorbonne) Rapporteur M. RAYNAUD Philippe, Professeur à l'Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris 2) Rapporteur M. TROUDE-CHASTENET Patrick, Professeur à l'Université de Bordeaux Directeur de thèse Titre : Une autre théorie critique : l'histoire intellectuelle de la revue nord- américaine Telos, 1968-2001 Résumé : Notre thèse d’analyse des idées politiques retrace l’histoire intellectuelle de la revue de pensée critique étasunienne Telos de 1968 à 2001. A travers notre travail de narration critique, nous cherchons à comprendre, au sens wébérien, l’évolution idéologique significative de la publication-organisation, qui est passée en moins de trente ans d’un positionnement néo-marxiste affilié à la Nouvelle gauche américaine à un populisme proche de la Nouvelle droite européenne. Notre hypothèse de travail est que le rapport que Telos entretient avec la Théorie critique de l’Ecole de Francfort est déterminant pour comprendre son évolution et écrire son histoire. Nous défendons ici la thèse que Telos constitue un organe dissident de « théorie critique nord-américaine » (Mooney, Calhoun) qui s’exprime sous la forme d’un « traditionalisme critique » qui tient lieu de synthèse entre différentes branches de théorie critique contemporaine. En tant que synthèse, la théorie telosienne dépasse l'héritage de la vieille Théorie critique francfortoise, dans un double rapport d’intégration et de négation. In fine, Telos produit sa propre critique, une autre théorie critique. Mots clés :Telos ; Paul Piccone ; Théorie critique ; Ecole de Francfort ; Nouvelle gauche américaine ; Marxisme phénoménologique ; Postmodernisme ; Néo-populisme ; Tradition ; Traditionalisme critique ; Nouvelle droite française ; Orthodoxie radicale ; Néo-aristotélisme ; Téléologie. Title: Another critical theory: The intellectual history of the north- american journal Telos, 1968-2001 Abstract: Our doctoral dissertation traces the intellectual history of the American critical thought journal Telos from 1968 to 2001. Through our critical narrative, we intend to understand, in the weberian sense, the significant ideological evolution of the publication- organization, which, in less than thirty years, moved from a neo-Marxist position affiliated with the American New Left to a populism related to the European New Right. Our working hypothesis is that the link between Telos and the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School is decisive to understand its evolution and write its history. Our thesis is that Telos is a dissenting organ of “North-American Critical Theory” (Mooney, Calhoun) expressed as a “critical traditionalism” that acts as a synthesis between various trends of contemporary critical theory. As a synthesis, the telosian theory overcomes the legacy of the old Critical theory in a dual relationship of integration and negation. Ultimately, Telos produces its own criticism, another critical theory. Keywords: Telos; Paul Piccone; Critical Theory; Frankfurt School; American New Left; Phenomenological Marxism; Postmodernism; New-populism; Tradition; Critical traditionalism; French New Right; Radical orthodoxy; Neo-Aristotelism; Teleology. Unité de recherche [Groupement de recherches comparatives en droit constitutionnel, administratif et politique (GRECCAP, EA 4192), Centre Montesquieu de recherches politiques, Université de Bordeaux, 16 Av. Léon Duguit, CS 50057 – 33608 Pessac Cedex] À la mémoire de mon père. 1 2 Avant-propos Bien plus qu’une recherche académique, une thèse de doctorat est aussi, peut-être surtout, un exercice personnel. Lorsque l’auteur présente l’aboutissement de son travail au lecteur, il lui révèle alors une grande part de lui-même. Il se livre en même temps qu’il livre sa thèse, en même temps qu’il s’en délivre. Par ce mouvement qui le dessaisit d’une partie de lui-même, il doit apprendre à la laisser partir. Parce que le doctorant s’attache à sa thèse, tout comme il se lie à son objet devenu sujet. Au cours des années passées à la porter, la supporter (parfois difficilement), la reporter (souvent), sa thèse en est venue à le définir. Elle lui a donné à la fois un but et une fonction, et avec eux une identité. On ne fait pas seulement une thèse, on est un thésard. La rendre (en fait, la donner) procure alors cette sensation paradoxale d’un accomplissement et d’une fierté déjà nostalgiques de ce temps en passe d’être révolu. Précisément parce qu’il y a beaucoup de celui qui la signe dans les lignes qui lui donnent forme (et probablement encore plus entre ces lignes), toute thèse porte la marque non seulement de celui qui l’a écrite mais également de tous ceux qui ont laissé leur empreinte sur le parcours intellectuel et personnel de son auteur. Ainsi ma thèse se nourrit-elle des différentes rencontres que j’ai pu faire et des points de vue que j’ai échangés, parfois même des simples regards que j’ai pu capter. Ma thèse est aussi le résultat des moments de joie partagés avec mes proches et des épreuves douloureuses qui ont forgé mon expérience et indirectement alimenté ma réflexion. Si je devais alors nommément exprimer ma gratitude à chaque personne qui par son soutien, sa présence ou son influence m’a permis de concevoir et réaliser cette recherche, nul doute que la liste dépasserait l’espace qu’il est d’usage de consacrer aux remerciements. Je souhaiterais cependant citer quelques noms de personnes envers qui je suis particulièrement redevable. Je tiens à remercier en premier lieu mon directeur de thèse, M. Patrick Troude-Chastenet, pour la disponibilité dont il a toujours fait preuve, la confiance qu’il m’a accordée et la grande liberté avec laquelle il m’a laissé conduire mon travail. Je souhaite également exprimer ma gratitude au CMRP et à M. Bourmaud son directeur pour m’avoir permis de mener ma recherche dans des conditions financières et matérielles très confortables. Mais le CMRP étant bien plus qu’un espace de travail, c’est surtout l’environnement humain du centre que je voudrais ici saluer. Car le CMRP ne serait pas ce qu’il est sans l’irrésistible énergie de Carole, sans la bienveillance de M. Claret et plus généralement sans l'intérêt prévenant porté par l’ensemble des enseignants-chercheurs. Que chacun trouve ici l’expression de mes plus chaleureux remerciements. Surtout, je n’oublie pas que le CMRP ne serait rien sans sa formidable équipe de doctorants, jeunes gens brillants, drôles et gentiment névrosés qui sont devenus au fil des ans bien plus que de simples collègues. Un grand merci particulier à mes compagnons de route Frédérique, Sidney, Luigi, Clémence, Ma(t)thieu, Adrien et Lore. Mon cheminement intellectuel ne commençant pas avec l’inscription en thèse, il me faut également remercier les quelques enseignants qui ont marqué mon parcours lycéen et étudiant : M. Méheust mon professeur de philosophie de terminale, M. Faye dont le profil académique m’a guidée vers 3 la voie universitaire à la suite de l’école de commerce, M. Milačić enfin à qui je dois d’avoir posé en master les fondations de ma formation intellectuelle. Je tiens également à exprimer toute ma gratitude envers ma famille dont l’amour et le soutien indéfectibles me portent, en particulier à ma mère Inès, mon beau-frère Christophe et, last but not least , ma grande sœur adorée Vanessa qui a visiblement le don de savoir mettre au monde de magnifiques enfants. Je remercie aussi l’ensemble de mes amis qui ont le bon goût de ne pas avoir fait de thèse et avec qui j’ai pu m’évader au rythme de nos folles conversations enjouées et musicales. Je pense tout particulièrement à Claire et Jean-Baptiste à qui je dois beaucoup. Un grand merci également à Olivier qui a illuminé la fin de rédaction de ma thèse. J’ai enfin une pensée émue pour mes proches partis au cours de l’élaboration de mon travail doctoral et qui n’en verront jamais l’aboutissement. A toi mon père Philippe, à toi mon grand-père Ivo, à toi mon amie Donessa. Je ne vous oublie pas. 4 Sommaire Introduction générale - Quel telos pour Telos ? Première partie - L’affirmation d’un subjectivisme moderne et rationaliste : la filiation du néo- marxisme telosien dans la tradition du Marxisme occidental
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