DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution:Epub- Epub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution:Epub- Epub Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 Evolutionary history of Hemerocallis in Japan inferred from chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies and levels of interspecific gene flow Hirota, Shun K ; Yasumoto, Akiko A ; Nitta, Kozue ; Tagane, Misa ; Miki, Nozomu ; Suyama, Yoshihisa ; Yahara, Tetsukazu Abstract: The perennial herb genus Hemerocallis (Asphodelaceae) shows four flowering types: diurnal half-day, diurnal one-day, nocturnal half-day, and nocturnal one-day flowering. These flowering types are corresponding to their main pollinators, and probably act as a primary mechanism of reproductive isolation. To examine how the four flowering types diverged, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the Japanese species of Hemerocallis using 1615 loci of nuclear genome-wide SNPs and 2078 bp sequences of four cpDNA regions. We also examined interspecific gene flows among taxa by an Isolation-with- Migration model and a population structure analysis. Our study revealed an inconsistency between chloroplast and nuclear genome phylogenies, which may have resulted from chloroplast capture. Each of the following five clusters is monophyletic and clearly separated on the nuclear genome-wide phylogenetic tree: (I) two nocturnal flowering species with lemon-yellow flowers, H. citrina (half-day flowering) andH. lilioasphodelus (one-day flowering); (II) a diurnal one-day flowering species with yellow-orange flowers,H. middendorffii; (III) a variety of a diurnal half-day flowering species with reddish orange flowers, H.fulva var. disticha; (IV) another variety of a diurnal half-day flowering species with reddish orange flowers, H. fulva var. aurantiaca, and a diurnal one-day flowering species with yellow-orange flowers, H. major; (V) a diurnal half-day flowering species with yellow-orange flowers, H. hakuunensis. The five clustersare consistent with traditional phenotype-based taxonomy (cluster I, cluster II, and clusters III-V correspond to Hemerocallis sect. Hemerocallis, Capitatae, and Fulvae, respectively). These findings could indicate that three flowering types (nocturnal flowering, diurnal one-day flowering, and diurnal half-day flowering) diverged in early evolutionary stages of Hemerocallis and subsequently a change from diurnal half-day flowering to diurnal one-day flowering occurred in a lineage of H. major. While genetic differentiation among the five clusters was well maintained, significant gene flow was detected between most pairsof taxa, suggesting that repeated hybridization played a role in the evolution of those taxa. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107264 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-205409 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published at: Hirota, Shun K; Yasumoto, Akiko A; Nitta, Kozue; Tagane, Misa; Miki, Nozomu; Suyama, Yoshihisa; Yahara, Tetsukazu (2021). Evolutionary history of Hemerocallis in Japan inferred from chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies and levels of interspecific gene flow. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution:Epub- Epub. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107264 2 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolutionary history of Hemerocallis in Japan inferred from chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies and levels of interspecific gene flow Shun K. Hirota a,*,1, Akiko A. Yasumoto b,1, Kozue Nitta c, Misa Tagane d, Nozomu Miki e, Yoshihisa Suyama a, Tetsukazu Yahara d a Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Aza-yomogida, Naruko Onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan b Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland c Department of Environmental Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan d Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan e Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The perennial herb genus Hemerocallis (Asphodelaceae) shows four flowering types: diurnal half-day, diurnal cpDNA capture one-day, nocturnal half-day, and nocturnal one-day flowering. These flowering types are corresponding to their Hybridization main pollinators, and probably act as a primary mechanism of reproductive isolation. To examine how the four Flower color flowering types diverged, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the Japanese species ofHemerocallis using 1615 loci Flowering time MIG-seq of nuclear genome-wide SNPs and 2078 bp sequences of four cpDNA regions. We also examined interspecific SNPs gene flows among taxa by an Isolation-with-Migration model and a population structure analysis. Our study revealed an inconsistency between chloroplast and nuclear genome phylogenies, which may have resulted from chloroplast capture. Each of the following five clusters is monophyletic and clearly separated on the nuclear genome-wide phylogenetic tree: (I) two nocturnal flowering species with lemon-yellow flowers, H. citrina (half- day flowering) and H. lilioasphodelus (one-day flowering); (II) a diurnal one-day flowering species with yellow- orange flowers, H. middendorffii; (III) a variety of a diurnal half-day flowering species with reddish orange flowers, H. fulva var. disticha; (IV) another variety of a diurnal half-day flowering species with reddish orange flowers, H. fulva var. aurantiaca, and a diurnal one-day flowering species with yellow-orange flowers, H. major; (V) a diurnal half-day flowering species with yellow-orange flowers, H. hakuunensis. The five clusters are consistent with traditional phenotype-based taxonomy (cluster I, cluster II, and clusters III-V correspond to Hemerocallis sect. Hemerocallis, Capitatae, and Fulvae, respectively). These findings could indicate that three flowering types (nocturnal flowering, diurnal one-day flowering, and diurnal half-day flowering) diverged in early evolutionary stages of Hemerocallis and subsequently a change from diurnal half-day flowering to diurnal one-day flowering occurred in a lineage of H. major. While genetic differentiation among the five clusters was well maintained, significant gene flow was detected between most pairs of taxa, suggesting that repeated hy- bridization played a role in the evolution of those taxa. 1. Introduction pollinators co-vary with the preferences and perceptual abilities of pollinators (Dyer et al., 2012). Under this co-variation, a change in a Since the study of Darwin (1862), a wealth of evidence has been floral display trait can cause pollinator shifts and promote premating accumulated that adaptation to different pollinator groups promotes the reproductive isolation between nascent species (Bradshaw and divergence of floral traits and leads to speciation (reviewed in Schiestl Schemske, 2003). Floral anthocyanin is a well-studied example of such a and Johnson, 2013). In the process of adaptive divergence and specia- trait and repeated anthocyanin gain/loss, which changed flower color tion mediated by pollinators, floral displays attracting animal drastically, promoted pollinator-mediated divergence in Mimulus * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.K. Hirota). 1 Shared first author. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107264 Received 18 December 2020; Received in revised form 22 June 2021; Accepted 12 July 2021 Available online 14 July 2021 1055-7903/© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Please cite this article as: Shun K. Hirota, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107264 S.K. Hirota et al. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (xxxx) xxx (Cooley et al., 2011), Petunia (Gübitz et al., 2009), Aquilegia (Hodges and phylogeny of Hemerocallis revealed that samples of H. citrina and Derieg, 2009), and Ipomoea (Streisfeld and Rausher, 2009). Flowering H. lilioasphodelus and samples of H. middendorffii form two different time can also facilitate rapid speciation by affecting both fitness and monophyletic clusters (Murakami et al., 2020). It is well-known that a assortative mating pleiotropically as a magic trait (Matsumoto et al., maternally inherited chloroplast gene-based phylogeny does not always 2015). Contrastively, postmating reproductive isolation is sometimes correspond to a nuclear gene-based phylogeny due to chloroplast cap- weakly developed even between sister species adapted to distinct pol- ture (Rieseberg and Soltis, 1991) or incomplete lineage sorting (Taka- linators, and interspecific hybridization has been found in contact zones, hashi et al., 2001). The former occurs under a directional gene flow of called hybrid zones (Hodges and Arnold, 1994; Wolf et al., 2001). cpDNA, and the latter is a stochastic process which potentially occurs in Interspecific hybridization often leads to adaptive introgression (Suarez- a group that evolved through rapid adaptive radiation (Fior et al., 2013). Gonzalez et al., 2018) and contributes to new combinations of floral Thus, the inconsistency
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Newsletter 123 May 2012
    TheTheThe Irish Garden Plant Society Newsletter Number 11123123 May 2012 The Annual General Meeting 2012 The Annual General Meeting will be held on Sat 12th May 10.00 a.m for 10.30 a.m., at Hillsborough Courthouse, The Square, Hillsborough, BT26 6AG. As always, it will be followed by a series of garden visits on Saturday & Sunday and a meal on Saturday evening. The meal will be held at 8:00pm in La Mon Hotel & Country Club, 41 Gransha Road, Comber, BT23 5RF. See the January 2012 newsletter for details of the gardens to be visited. If you haven’t already booked contact Patrick Quigley, 24 Areema Drive, Dunmurry, Belfast, BT17 0QG. tel: +44 (0) 7801 299263 [email protected] for further information. A.G. M. Agenda 1. Apologies 2. Minutes of AGM 2011 3. Matters arising 4. Chairman’s report 5. Treasurer’s report 6. Election of Committee Members 7. Any other business Front cover : Solanum crispum ‘Glasnevin’. Photograph : Pearse Rowe In this issue 2 Editorial 3 Southern Climbers for Northern Walls by John Joe Costin 11 Worth a Read by Paddy Tobin 14 The Palm House, a review by Mary Bradshaw 16 Cheers to Chiltern Seeds and to the Sole Survivor of Seed Project 1997/98 by Michael Kelleher 17 Seed Distribution Report 2011 and 2012 by Stephen Butler 19 Regional Reports 28 Spring at Kilmacurragh by Seamus O’Brien 37 Propagation of Arbutus by Kevin Line 41 Tulipa ‘Molly Bloom’ - an new Tulip for 2012 1 Editorial Spring time and new plants are synonymous, and as Christopher Lloyd said in Garden Flowers from Seed, seed sowing is “one of life’s big thrills”.
    [Show full text]
  • Reveals of New Candidate Active Components in Hemerocallis Radix and Its Anti-Depression Action of Mechanism Based on Network Pharmacology Approach
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Reveals of New Candidate Active Components in Hemerocallis Radix and Its Anti-Depression Action of Mechanism Based on Network Pharmacology Approach Hsin-Yi Lin 1,* , Jen-Chieh Tsai 2 , Lung-Yuan Wu 3 and Wen-Huang Peng 1,* 1 School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan 2 Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications Da-Yeh University, No.168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.-Y.L.); [email protected] (W.-H.P.); Tel.: +886-982-328-632 (H.-Y.L.); +886-422-053-366 (W.-H.P.) Received: 4 February 2020; Accepted: 6 March 2020; Published: 9 March 2020 Abstract: The global depression population is showing a significant increase. Hemerocallis fulva L. is a common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Its flower buds are known to have ability to clear away heat and dampness, detoxify, and relieve depression. Ancient TCM literature shows that its roots have a beneficial effect in calming the spirit and even the temper in order to reduce the feeling of melancholy. Therefore, it is inferred that the root of Hemerocallis fulva L. can be used as a therapeutic medicine for depression. This study aims to uncover the pharmacological mechanism of the antidepressant effect of Hemerocallis Radix (HR) through network pharmacology method.
    [Show full text]
  • Intro Outline
    THE REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF TWO TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS, CALADENIA RIGIDA AND CALADENIA TENTACULATA RENATE FAAST Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Adelaide, South Australia December, 2009 i . DEcLARATION This work contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution to Renate Faast and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. The author acknowledges that copyright of published works contained within this thesis (as listed below) resides with the copyright holder(s) of those works. I also give permission for the digital version of my thesis to be made available on the web, via the University's digital research repository, the Library catalogue, the Australasian Digital Theses Program (ADTP) and also through web search engines. Published works contained within this thesis: Faast R, Farrington L, Facelli JM, Austin AD (2009) Bees and white spiders: unravelling the pollination' syndrome of C aladenia ri gída (Orchidaceae). Australian Joumal of Botany 57:315-325. Faast R, Facelli JM (2009) Grazrngorchids: impact of florivory on two species of Calademz (Orchidaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 57:361-372. Farrington L, Macgillivray P, Faast R, Austin AD (2009) Evaluating molecular tools for Calad,enia (Orchidaceae) species identification.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Ireland
    Flora of Ireland [email protected] How did the flora get here? • Refugium • Land bridges • Introduced by Man • Wind & birds Recolonisation •Some of the early trees e.g. pioneer willows and birches of the post-glacial tundra, arrived as tiny seeds floating in the wind. •Birds e.g. pigeons and crows spread heavier seeds. •High canopy woodland trees such as pine, elm and oak, crept north at a few metres a year, starting as far away as Spain. •Scots Pine arrived south-west 9,500 years ago, but Oak and Elm took several centuries longer. Species Diversity Vascular plant flora: •France 4,500 spp. •Britain 1,172 spp. •Belgium 1,140 spp. •Ireland 815 spp. 375 Absent Plants from Ireland but in Britain? Examination… •74 are confined to SE England: Dry hot summers •38 avoid the mountainous NW: wetter, acidic soils •45 are Highland species •32 are rare plants in Britain Leaving: 186 species absent from Ireland. Why? Ireland has 16 spp. NOT found in Britain but which are found on Continental Europe or in North America: •Mediterranean species: e.g. Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo), Kerry Lily (Simethis planifolia) & St. Daboecs Heath west Ireland, France, Spain) -‘The Lusitanian Species’ •Atlantic species: e.g. St. Patrick's cabbage (Saxifraga spathularis) •American species: e.g. Irish Lady’s Tresses (Spiranthes romanzoffiana) •Alpines: e.g. Spring Sandwort (Minuartia recurva) Lusitanian Species Kerry Lily Ireland has a mild climate with high rainfall and relatively little frost and this influences the species of wildflowers growing here. Habitats in Ireland •Aquatic • Bog, Fen and Heath • Coastal • Limestone • Urban • Waterside • Woodland Flora of Bogs Absorbing rainwater nutrients As the acidic soil of bogs have few nutrients, some What are bog conditions? bog mosses have adapted to absorbing nutrients from rainwater.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life of Western Australia
    INTRODUCTION The characteristic features of the vegetation of Australia I. General Physiography At present the animals and plants of Australia are isolated from the rest of the world, except by way of the Torres Straits to New Guinea and southeast Asia. Even here adverse climatic conditions restrict or make it impossible for migration. Over a long period this isolation has meant that even what was common to the floras of the southern Asiatic Archipelago and Australia has become restricted to small areas. This resulted in an ever increasing divergence. As a consequence, Australia is a true island continent, with its own peculiar flora and fauna. As in southern Africa, Australia is largely an extensive plateau, although at a lower elevation. As in Africa too, the plateau increases gradually in height towards the east, culminating in a high ridge from which the land then drops steeply to a narrow coastal plain crossed by short rivers. On the west coast the plateau is only 00-00 m in height but there is usually an abrupt descent to the narrow coastal region. The plateau drops towards the center, and the major rivers flow into this depression. Fed from the high eastern margin of the plateau, these rivers run through low rainfall areas to the sea. While the tropical northern region is characterized by a wet summer and dry win- ter, the actual amount of rain is determined by additional factors. On the mountainous east coast the rainfall is high, while it diminishes with surprising rapidity towards the interior. Thus in New South Wales, the yearly rainfall at the edge of the plateau and the adjacent coast often reaches over 100 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Open Chem., 2019; 17: 1412–1422 Research Article Katarzyna Szewczyk*, Danuta Kalemba, Małgorzata Miazga-Karska, Barbara Krzemińska, Agnieszka Dąbrowska, Renata Nowak The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0160 received November 15, 2019; accepted December 18, 2019. 1 Introduction Abstract: The horticultural cultivars of Hemerocallis The essential oil-producing species are extensively (daylily) have been used to treat diseases such as arranged among the plant kingdom. The volatile insomnia, inflammation and depression, and also as compounds are not only important in plant physiology a vegetable in eastern Asia. Taking into consideration but also in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. the fact, that the volatile compounds in Hemerocallis Numerous studies showed that essential oils possess cultivars have not been investigated to date, we decided therapeutic properties and can prevent and cure many to study the composition of the essential oils (EOs) from diseases [1]. the aerial parts of ten varieties collecting in Poland. EOs, The genus Hemerocallis, belonging to Asphodelaceae obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC/MS family (Hemerocallidoideae subfamily), is mainly of East method that resulted in identification of 23-36 volatile Asia origin and contains hardy plants surviving from North compounds comprising 89.5%–96.3% of the total amount. American Zones [2]. According to the American Daylily The essential oils differed in their composition and they Society [3], more than 80 000 Hemerocallis cultivars can be classified into three groups. The antibacterial and exist in the world. They have usually been created by antioxidant activities of EOs were also evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park 2006
    Department for Environment and Heritage Management Plan Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park 2006 www.environment.sa.gov.au This plan of management was adopted on 11 January 2006 and was prepared in pursuance of section 38 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. Government of South Australia Published by the Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide, Australia © Department for Environment and Heritage, 2006 ISBN: 1 921018 887 Front cover photograph courtesy of Bernd Stoecker FRPS and reproduced with his permission This document may be cited as “Department for Environment and Heritage (2006) Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park Management Plan, Adelaide, South Australia” FOREWORD Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park is located approximately 80 kilometres north-east of Adelaide and approximately 12 kilometres south-east of Tanunda, in the northern Mount Lofty Ranges. The 392 hectare park was proclaimed in 1979 to conserve a remnant block of native vegetation, in particular the northern-most population of Brown Stringybark (Eucalyptus baxteri). Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park preserves a substantial number of habitats for native fauna and helps to protect the soil and watershed of Tanunda Creek. More than 360 species of native plant are found within the reserve, many of which are of conservation significance. Bird species of conservation significance recorded within the reserve include the Diamond Firetail, White-browed Treecreeper, Elegant Parrot and Crescent Honeyeater. Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park also has a rich cultural heritage. The reserve is of significance to the Peramangk people and Ngadjuri people who have traditional associations with the land. Kaiserstuhl Conservation Park has also been a valuable source of material for botanical research. Dr Ferdinand von Mueller and Dr Hans Herman Behr collected Barossa Ranges plants from the area between 1844 and 1851.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of South Australia 5Th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann
    Flora of South Australia 5th Edition | Edited by Jürgen Kellermann KEY TO FAMILIES1 J.P. Jessop2 The sequence of families used in this Flora follows closely the one adopted by the Australian Plant Census (www.anbg.gov. au/chah/apc), which in turn is based on that of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III 2009) and Mabberley’s Plant Book (Mabberley 2008). It differs from previous editions of the Flora, which were mainly based on the classification system of Engler & Gilg (1919). A list of all families recognised in this Flora is printed in the inside cover pages with families already published highlighted in bold. The up-take of this new system by the State Herbarium of South Australia is still in progress and the S.A. Census database (www.flora.sa.gov.au/census.shtml) still uses the old classification of families. The Australian Plant Census web-site presents comparison tables of the old and new systems on family and genus level. A good overview of all families can be found in Heywood et al. (2007) and Stevens (2001–), although these authors accept a slightly different family classification. A number of names with which people using this key may be familiar but are not employed in the system used in this work have been included for convenience and are enclosed on quotation marks. 1. Plants reproducing by spores and not producing flowers (“Ferns and lycopods”) 2. Aerial shoots either dichotomously branched, with scale leaves and 3-lobed sporophores or plants with fronds consisting of a simple or divided sterile blade and a simple or branched spikelike sporophore ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Unearthing Belowground Bud Banks in Fire-Prone Ecosystems
    Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems 1 2 3 Author for correspondence: Juli G. Pausas , Byron B. Lamont , Susana Paula , Beatriz Appezzato-da- Juli G. Pausas 4 5 Glo'ria and Alessandra Fidelis Tel: +34 963 424124 1CIDE-CSIC, C. Naquera Km 4.5, Montcada, Valencia 46113, Spain; 2Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin Email [email protected] University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; 3ICAEV, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; 4Depto Ci^encias Biologicas,' Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av P'adua Dias 11., CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; 5Instituto de Bioci^encias, Vegetation Ecology Lab, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil Summary To be published in New Phytologist (2018) Despite long-time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research doi: 10.1111/nph.14982 on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud-bearing structures, are used inconsistently in the literature. Key words: bud bank, fire-prone ecosystems, Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from the heat of fire, concealing buds below ground lignotuber, resprouting, rhizome, xylopodium. provides fitness benefits in fire-prone ecosystems. Thus, in these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity of bud-bearing structures. There are at least six locations where belowground buds are stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy
    [Show full text]
  • THE IRISH RED DATA BOOK 1 Vascular Plants
    THE IRISH RED DATA BOOK 1 Vascular Plants T.G.F.Curtis & H.N. McGough Wildlife Service Ireland DUBLIN PUBLISHED BY THE STATIONERY OFFICE 1988 ISBN 0 7076 0032 4 This version of the Red Data Book was scanned from the original book. The original book is A5-format, with 168 pages. Some changes have been made as follows: NOMENCLATURE has been updated, with the name used in the 1988 edition in brackets. Irish Names and family names have also been added. STATUS: There have been three Flora Protection Orders (1980, 1987, 1999) to date. If a species is currently protected (i.e. 1999) this is stated as PROTECTED, if it was previously protected, the year(s) of the relevant orders are given. IUCN categories have been updated as follows: EN to CR, V to EN, R to V. The original (1988) rating is given in brackets thus: “CR (EN)”. This takes account of the fact that a rare plant is not necessarily threatened. The European IUCN rating was given in the original book, here it is changed to the UK IUCN category as given in the 2005 Red Data Book listing. MAPS and APPENDIX have not been reproduced here. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most grateful to the following for their help in the preparation of the Irish Red Data Book:- Christine Leon, CMC, Kew for writing the Preface to this Red Data Book and for helpful discussions on the European aspects of rare plant conservation; Edwin Wymer, who designed the cover and who, as part of his contract duties in the Wildlife Service, organised the computer applications to the data in an efficient and thorough manner.
    [Show full text]
  • GARDENERGARDENER® Thethe Magazinemagazine Ofof Thethe Aamericanmerican Horticulturalhorticultural Societysociety July / August 2007
    TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENER® TheThe MagazineMagazine ofof thethe AAmericanmerican HorticulturalHorticultural SocietySociety July / August 2007 pleasures of the Evening Garden HardyHardy PlantsPlants forfor Cold-ClimateCold-Climate RegionsRegions EveningEvening PrimrosesPrimroses DesigningDesigning withwith See-ThroughSee-Through PlantsPlants WIN THE BATTLE OF THE BULB The OXO GOOD GRIPS Quick-Release Bulb Planter features a heavy gauge steel shaft with a soft, comfortable, non-slip handle, large enough to accommodate two hands. The Planter’s patented Quick-Release lever replaces soil with a quick and easy squeeze. Dig in! 1.800.545.4411 www.oxo.com contents Volume 86, Number 4 . July / August 2007 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 7 NEWS FROM AHS AHS award winners honored, President’s Council trip to Charlotte, fall plant and antiques sale at River Farm, America in Bloom Symposium in Arkansas, Eagle Scout project enhances River Farm garden, second AHS page 7 online plant seminar on annuals a success, page 39 Homestead in the Garden Weekend. 14 AHS PARTNERS IN PROFILE YourOutDoors, Inc. 16 PLEASURES OF THE EVENING GARDEN BY PETER LOEWER 44 ONE ON ONE WITH… Enjoy the garden after dark with appropriate design, good lighting, and the addition of fragrant, night-blooming plants. Steve Martino, landscape architect. 46 NATURAL CONNECTIONS 22 THE LEGEND OF HIDDEN Parasitic dodder. HOLLOW BY BOB HILL GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK Working beneath the radar, 48 Harald Neubauer is one of the Groundcovers that control weeds, meadow rues suited for northern gardens, new propagation wizards who online seed and fruit identification guide, keeps wholesale and retail national “Call Before You Dig” number nurseries stocked with the lat- established, saving wild magnolias, Union est woody plant selections.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Sites on Mount Roe National Park
    S ummary of Sites on Mount Roe National Park September 2016 Xanthorrhoea preissii, Mt Roe National Park Acknowledgments TERN Ausplots gratefully acknowledges Dr Stephen van Leeuwen for all his help and support of the project. Thanks, are also due to the staff from the Department of Parks and Wildlife in particular Janine Liddelow for allowing access to the park. Thanks, are also to volunteers Peter Milnes and Sam Hardy who helped out with the field work and the many others who have assisted with the curation and processing of the data and samples. Thanks to the staff at the WA Herbarium, in particular Mike Hislop, for undertaking the plant identification. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Accessing the Data ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Point intercept data ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Plant collections ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Leaf tissue samples ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Site description information .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]