Invasive Species of the Month for February 2018
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State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
TELOPEA Publication Date: 13 October 1983 Til
Volume 2(4): 425–452 TELOPEA Publication Date: 13 October 1983 Til. Ro)'al BOTANIC GARDENS dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19834408 Journal of Plant Systematics 6 DOPII(liPi Tmst plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL· ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Telopea 2(4): 425-452, Fig. 1 (1983) 425 CURRENT ANATOMICAL RESEARCH IN LILIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE AND IRIDACEAE* D.F. CUTLER AND MARY GREGORY (Accepted for publication 20.9.1982) ABSTRACT Cutler, D.F. and Gregory, Mary (Jodrell(Jodrel/ Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England) 1983. Current anatomical research in Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae. Telopea 2(4): 425-452, Fig.1-An annotated bibliography is presented covering literature over the period 1968 to date. Recent research is described and areas of future work are discussed. INTRODUCTION In this article, the literature for the past twelve or so years is recorded on the anatomy of Liliaceae, AmarylIidaceae and Iridaceae and the smaller, related families, Alliaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hypoxidaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae and Trilliaceae. Subjects covered range from embryology, vegetative and floral anatomy to seed anatomy. A format is used in which references are arranged alphabetically, numbered and annotated, so that the reader can rapidly obtain an idea of the range and contents of papers on subjects of particular interest to him. The main research trends have been identified, classified, and check lists compiled for the major headings. Current systematic anatomy on the 'Anatomy of the Monocotyledons' series is reported. Comment is made on areas of research which might prove to be of future significance. -
Invasive Plants in Southern Forests
Invasive Plants in Southern Forests United States Department of Agriculture A Field Guide for the Identification of Invasive PlantsSLIGHTLY inREVISED NOVEMBERSouthern 2015 Forests United States Forest Service Department Southern Research Station James H. Miller, Erwin B. Chambliss, and Nancy J. Loewenstein of Agriculture General Technical Report SRS–119 Authors: James H. Miller, Emeritus Research Ecologist, and Erwin B. Chambliss, Research Technician, Forest Available without charge from the Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Research Station, Auburn University, AL 36849; and Southern Research Station Nancy J. Loewenstein, Research Fellow and Alabama Cooperative Extension System Specialist for Also available online at Forest Invasive Plants, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849. www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/35292 and invasive.org, or as a free download for iPhones and iPads at the AppStore Front Cover Upper left—Chinese lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) infestation that developed from dormant seed in the soil seed bank after a forest thinning operation. Upper right—Kudzu (Pueraria montana) infestation within the urban-wildland interface. Lower left—Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) and dormant kudzu invading and replacing a pine- hardwood stand. Lower right—Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) infestation under mature slash pine (Pinus elliottii). Funding support for all printings provided by the Southern Research Station, Insect, Disease, and Invasive Plants Research Work Unit, and Forest Health Protection, Southern Region, Asheville, NC. First Printed April 2010 Slightly Revised February 2012 Revised August 2013 Reprinted January 2015 Slightly Revised November 2015 Southern Research Station 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd. Asheville, NC 28804 www.srs.fs.usda.gov i A Field Guide for the Identification of Invasive Plants in Southern Forests James H. -
Vascular Plants of a Delaware River Tidal Freshwater
Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 132(2), 2005, pp. 323–354 Vascular plants of a Delaware River tidal freshwater wetland and adjacent terrestrial areas: Seed bank and vegetation comparisons of reference and constructed marshes and annotated species list1 Mary Allessio Leck2,3 Biology Department, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Charles F. Leck Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 LECK, M. A. (Dept. Biol., Rider Univ., Lawrenceville, NJ 08648) AND C. F. LECK (Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., Cook College, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ 08901). Vascular plants of a Delaware River tidal freshwater wetland and adjacent terrestrial areas: Seed bank and vegetation comparisons of reference and constructed marshes and annotated species list. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 323–354. 2005.—Constructed wetland soil samples contained many more species with densities Ͼ 100 seeds / m2 than reference marsh ones (102 vs. 28); constructed wetland densities for many species were considerably higher and richness (species / sample) were Ͼ 2ϫ greater than the reference marsh. Of the total 218 seed bank species, 60 were common to both and 34 occurred only in reference marsh samples. Numbers of cover species were similar, but composition differed. Invasive species, notably Lythrum salicaria, Phalaris arundinacea, and Phragmites australis, were more important in constructed wetland soil samples and vegetation. Non-native species comprised 9 % and 13 % of the reference marsh and constructed wetland seed bank species and 8 % and 12 % of the cover species, respectively. Variable dispersal patterns and in situ seed production contributed to these differences. Over the entire study area (wetlands and adjacent terrestrial areas) we recorded 875 species, representing 141 families, more than doubling the number observed in a 1988 report. -
Microscopic Features of Monocotyledonous Plants Features of Culms, Flower Stalks, Stems and Rhizomes
Microscopic features of monocotyledonous plants Features of culms, flower stalks, stems and rhizomes Vol. IV Fritz H. Schweingruber Hugo Berger 1 Coverphoto Eriophorum scheuchzeri Species on the cover Top: Agropyron cristatum Middle (left to right): Luzula alpina-pilosa, Potamogeton pectinatus Base (left to right): Carex acutiformis, Carex pseudocyperus, Carex appropinquata Prof. Dr. Fritz H. Schweingruber Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürichstrasse 111 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland Email: [email protected] Hugo Berger Email: [email protected] Barbara Berger Design and layout Email: [email protected] Verlag Dr. Kessel Eifelweg 37 D-53424 Remagen Tel.: 0049-2228-493 www.forestrybooks.com www.forstbuch.de ISBN: 978-3-945941-52-2 2 Content 1 Introduction. 5 2 Material .............................................................. 6 3 Preparation ........................................................... 6 4 Features of culms, flower stalks and stems .................... 7 5 Rhizome features of Cyperaceae ............................... 41 6 References ......................................................... 60 7 Index ............................................................... 62 3 4 1. Introduction The list of monocotyledonous culms, flower stalks, rhizomes and stem-features is a result of the studies published in tree volumes: - Vol.I Anatomy of grass culms (Schweingruber and Berger 2017) - Vol. II Anatomy of culms and rhizomes of sedges (Schweingruber and Berger 2018) - Vol. III Anatomy of culms and flower stalks of monocotyledonous plants (Schweingruber and Berger 2018) Here we present the first time a list of features which is applicable on the whole spectrum of monocotyledonous plants in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. The definition of features is primarily based on double stained microscopic slides from recently collected material. The origin of some feature-characterization originates from monographs of Schenk 1886 and Evans 2003, Seago et al. -
The Genus Ornithogalum L. (Hyacinthaceae) in Italy, XIV: Towards a Redefinition of Infrageneric Taxa, with New Proposals
F. Garbari, A. Giordani, R. Marcucci & N. Tomadore The genus Ornithogalum L. (Hyacinthaceae) in Italy, XIV: towards a redefinition of infrageneric taxa, with new proposals Abstract Garbari. F., Giordani, A., Marcucci R. & Tomadore, N.: The genus Ornithogalum L. (Hyacinthaceae) in Italy, XIV: towards a redefinition of infrageneric taxa, with new proposals. - Bocconea 16(1): 269-281. 2003. - ISSN 1120-4060. In agreement with other authors, Ornithogalum L. is considered as a distinct genus in respect to Honorius S. F. Gray and Loncomelos Raf. Accordingly, the ltalian taxa of Ornithogalum s. str. are here listed and briefly commented in a frame of their classical morphological and kary ological characters. o. umbellalum L. is represented by different polyploid cytotypes ( 2n= 27, 36, 45, 54, 90 and 108, with or without B chromosomes). Doubts about the possibility to dis criminate o. vulgare Sailer in such a variable complex are expressed. o. divergens Boreau (2n=54 + B), o. orthophyllum Ten. (2n=I8), o. exscapum Ten. (2n=I8) and o. ambiguum Terracciano (2n= I8) are probably in relation with o. corsicum Jordan & Fourr. (2n= 18). o. adalgisae Groves (2n=45, 54), o. refractum Kit. (2n=54) and O. brulium Terracciano (2n=36, 45,54 + B, 72) constitute a group ofunits whose affinity and distribution must be further evaI uated. o. kochii ParI. (2n=I8 + B), looks very similar to o. monticolum Jordan. & Foun·. (2n=20). o. collinum Guss. (2n=18), according with our records, is present only in Sicily. o. comosum L. (2n=18), belonging to sect. Obtusangula Zahar., is distributed from north-eastem Italy to Sicily. -
Anatomical Characteristics of Two Ornithogalum L. (Hyacinthaceae) Taxa from Serbia and Hungary and Their Taxonomic Implication
Acta Bot. Croat. 75 (1), 67–73, 2016 CODEN: ABCRA 25 DOI: 10.1515/botcro-2016-0002 ISSN 0365-0588 eISSN 1847-8476 Anatomical characteristics of two Ornithogalum L. (Hyacinthaceae) taxa from Serbia and Hungary and their taxonomic implication Andrijana M. Andrić*, Milica M. Rat, Lana N. Zorić, Jadranka Ž. Luković Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia Abstract – Anatomical characters of two morphologically similar Ornithogalum taxa, O. umbellatum and O. divergens, were investigated. An analysis of leaf and scapus cross-sections was performed on plants from ten populations from Serbia and Hungary, using light microscopy. The aim of this research was to give data about the qualitative and quantitative anatomical characteristics of these taxa, in order to evaluate their taxonomic signifi cance and single out distinctive anatomical features, as well as to contribute to the knowledge of the genus Ornithogalum in the studied region. On the basis of the variability of anatomical characters, similar populations formed two clusters, joining the plants previously determined as O. divergens and O. umbella- tum. The two taxa signifi cantly differed for most of the quantitative leaf and scapus characters. Since only quantitative differences were recorded in this research, anatomical characters could not be solely used to separate these two taxa. However, the results of anatomical investigations are consistent with the results of previous morphological and genetic analyses; therefore anatomical parameters could be useful as additional taxonomic characters. Key words: anatomy, leaf, Ornithogalum, scapus Introduction being grown as cut fl ower or potted plant crops, while some are poisonous to livestock and considered weeds (Ober- Genus Ornithogalum L. -
Star-Of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum Umbellatum) Gregory K
W 216 at the UT Institute of Agriculture Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) Gregory K. Breeden, Extension Specialist James T. Brosnan, Associate Professor, Turfgrass Weed Science Department of Plant Sciences Introduction Star-of-Bethlehem Identification Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) is Star-of-Bethlehem often grows in clumps of sev- a perennial ornamental plant that has become a eral individual plants (Figure 1). Leaves are hollow, troublesome weed on golf courses, athletic fields dark green, have a distinctive white mid-rib and are and home lawns throughout Tennessee. It is often covered with a waxy coating (Figure 2). Star-of- confused with wild garlic (Allium vineale) and wild Bethlehem is easily confused with wild garlic and onion (Allium canadense); however, Star-of-Bethle- wild onion; however, unlike these species, Star-of- hem is more difficult to control with herbicides than Bethlehem foliage does not produce a distinct odor these species. Non-selective herbicides like glyphosate when crushed. Underground ovate bulbs are the pri- (Roundup Pro) often provide only marginal levels of mary means of reproduction (Figure 3). The flowers control. produced in the spring have bright white petals with a prominent green stripe on the underside (Figure 4). Star-of-Bethlehem Life Cycle Each flower has six petals. in Tennessee Star-of-Bethlehem is a cool-season perennial that Star-of-Bethlehem Control Options emerges from bulbs (Figure 1) in the winter and early Only a few herbicides exhibit activity against Star- spring, and usually flowers during April in East Ten- of-Bethlehem in established warm- and cool-season nessee. -
Have You Seen This Plant?
This native plant, Milkmaids Burchardia umbellata can be Garden escape alert! confused with Chincherinchee (Photo: Kym Smith) Have you seen this plant? Chincherinchee look-alikes More information A few native and introduced plants look similar to To notify us of a new infestation, or for information on the Chincherinchee. If unsure, wait until early spring to identify management and control of Chincherinchee please contact your when flowering. The pictured Milkmaids (Burchardia nearest Natural Resources Centre. umbellata) is one native look-alike. Eastwood Willunga 205 Greenhill Road 5 Aldinga Road How it spreads Eastwood 5063 Willunga 5172 T: 08 8273 9100 T: 08 8550 3400 Chincherinchee produces large amounts of seed that can spread over long distances. It’s thought to spread via water Gawler Black Hill runoff, earth moving/garden machinery, and by humans and 43 High Street 115 Maryvale Road animals. This is why weed hygiene is so important if you come Gawler East 5118 Athelstone 5076 across a patch. Make sure your clothes and shoes are not T: 08 8115 4600 T: 08 8336 0901 carrying the seeds/bulbils via soil before leaving the area. For more information on weeds visit: www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/adelaidemtloftyranges www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecurity Please help stop the spread of this devastating environmental and agricultural pest. Early intervention will Many thanks to those who have contributed to the content of this Chincherinchee (Ornithogalum thyrsoides) save you time and money! brochure and towards controlling this pest across the Adelaide Hills. Special thanks to the South Para Biodiversity Group, Friends of Black Hill This invasive weed is toxic to stock and threatens Morialta, Friends of Para Wirra, Kym Smith, Amanda Pearce, Liz Milner, bushland across the Adelaide Hills Kieran Brewer and Peter Watton. -
Invasive Plants in Indiana
Other Invasives in Indiana What Can We Do? Although many are still commonly available Avoid using non-native invasive plants in your garden; in nurseries, the following additional invasive ask your nursery for native, non-invasive alternatives. plants are currently threatening natural areas More information is available in the INPAWS brochure in Indiana. Avoid planting these and learn “Landscaping with Plants Native to Indiana” and in the to recognize and eliminate them before they book Go Native by Carolyn Harstad (Indiana University spread. Press, 1999). Scout your property for invasive species, and remove Indiana Distribution: A=All, N=North, invasives before they become a problem. For more information on how to control them see The Nature C=Central, S=South Conservancy’s web site listed below. Habitat Invaded: O=Openland, F=Forest, Alert people in your neighborhood and place of work W=Wetland about the problem with invasives and what species to watch for. FLOWERS Indiana Distribution Habitat Invaded Volunteer to help at local parks and natural areas to Canada thistle Cirsium arvense A O remove invasives. Dame’s rocket Hesperis matronalis A F,O Sericea lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata A O Sweet clover Melilotus alba, M. officinalis A O For more information on native & invasive Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum S,C F plants, please contact: Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum S F • Indiana Native Plant and Wildflower Society www.inpaws.org GRASSES • The Nature Conservancy Smooth brome Bromus inermis A F,O 1505 N. Delaware St, Ste 200 Tall fescue Festuca elatior A O Indianapolis, IN 46202 Japanese stilt grass Microstegium vimineum S,C F 317-951-8818 Maiden grass Miscanthus sinensis S O tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/ • IDNR Division of Nature Preserves VINES AND GROUNDCOVERS 402 W. -
Star-Of-Bethlehem
Illinois Grazing Manual Fact Sheet SPECIES • POISONOUS PLANTS Star-of-Bethlehem Usually found in dry, open pastures and meadows. Description Ornithogalum umbellatum L.: Star-of-Bethlehem is a plant with a leafless stalk that is 4 to 12 inches tall and several very narrow, channeled leaves that arise from a bulb. Three to 7 flower stalks grow from the leafless stem, and each stalk supports a single flower that is 3/8 to ¾ inch long, with 6 segments that are white above and have a broad green stripe beneath. The fruits are capsules containing a few dark, roundish seeds. Occurrence A native of Europe, star-of-Bethlehem was cultivated in gardens in North America and has escaped to fields and roadsides. It is naturalized from Newfoundland to Ontario and Nebraska, south to Mississippi, Missouri, and Kansas. Conditions of Poisoning Poisoning occurs only when the bulbs are brought to the surface by frost-heaving, plowing, or rooting by swine. Toxic Principles Although the toxic principle has not been definitely identified, it appears to be similar to the alkaloid colchicines. It seems to be present only in the white onion-like bulbs. Clinical Signs The clinical signs are depression, salivation, bloating in ruminants, vomiting, diarrhea, la-bored breathing, rapid pulse, and bloody urine. Death results from respiratory failure. Necropsy Extensive gastroenteritis and hemorrhage in the kidney are the significant lesions. Blood may be found in the intestines. Treatment Because of the extensive loss of body fluids and electrolytes, therapy for the hypovolemic shock- like state is indicated. Blood transfusion and parenteral administration of electrolyte solutions are recommended. -
Vascular Flora of Worcester, Massachusetts
Vascular Flora of Worcester, Massachusetts Robert I. Bertin Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club Availability of this Publication: Electronic or paper copies are available at cost. Direct inquiries to the Special Publications Committee, New England Botanical Club, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave. Cambridge, MA 02138-2020 About the Author: Robert I. Bertin is a professor of biology in the Biology Department at the College of the Holy Cross. He teaches a variety of courses, including ecology, environmental biology and field botany. His academic interests include the flora and natural history of New England, the sexual systems of flowering plants, and the ecology of invasive species. Additions and Corrections: Communications concerning mistakes in this flora or potential additions to the species list are welcome. Any substantive modifications will be posted under the author’s name on the Biology Department web page at the Holy Cross web site. The author can be contacted through the Biology Department or at [email protected]. Cover Illustrations: Pictured are three species portraying different aspects of the Worcester flora. Acer platanoides, or Norway maple, is a non-native species and the most commonly planted street tree in Worcester. It is prominent in many City woodlands, where it competes with native species. The grass Elymus villosus is a state threatened species. The Worcester record is the only known occurrence of the species in Worcester County. The orchid Calopogon tuberosus, a native bog species, is known in the City only from historical records. Figures reprinted from Holmgren et al. (1998) Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist’s Manual, with the kind permission of the New York Botanical Garden.