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Reproduction and Development in Mollusca Series on Reproduction and Development in Aquatic Invertebrates Volume 2 Reproduction and Development in Mollusca Series on Reproduction and Development in Aquatic Invertebrates Volume 2 Reproduction and Development in Mollusca T. J. Pandian Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kochi, Kerala India p, p, A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK Cover Acknowledgement Cover Acknowledgement · Top-LeftCover page: Representative photo of the Hawaiianexamples monkfor aplacophora, seal: Reproduced monoplacophora, by kind courtesy polyplacophora, of M. Sullivan shell-less opisthobranch, · Top-Leftpteropod, prosobranchs, photo of the bivalves, Hawaiian scaphopod monk seal: and Reproduced cephalopods. by kind courtesy of M. Sullivan · Top-right photo of the Galapagos fur seal: Reproduced by kind courtesy of J.J. Alava · Top-right photo of the Galapagos fur seal: Reproduced by kind courtesy of J.J. Alava · Bottom-left photo of the Juan Fernandez fur seal: Reproduced by kind courtesy of L.P. Osman · Bottom-left photo of the Juan Fernandez fur seal: Reproduced by kind courtesy of L.P. Osman · Bottom-right photo of the Mediterranean monk seal: Reproduced by kind courtesy of A.A. Karamanlidis/MOm · Bottom-right photo of the Mediterranean monk seal: Reproduced by kind courtesy of A.A. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names:Names: Alava, Pandian, Juan T. Joseì, J. editor. Title: Reproduction and development in mollusca / T.J. Pandian, Central Names:Title: Tropical Alava, pinnipedsJuan Joseì, :editor. bio-ecology, threats, and conservation / editor, Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India. Title:Juan Joseì Tropical Alava, pinnipeds Faculty of: bio Science,-ecology, Institute threats, for and the conservation Oceans and / editor, JuanFisheries,Description: Joseì TheAlava, Boca University Faculty Raton, ofof FL Science,British : CRC Columbia, Press,Institute Taylor for Vancouver, the& Francis Oceans Canada. Group, and 2017. | Fisheries,Description:Series: Series The Boca onUniversity reproduction Raton, FLof British : CRC and Press,Columbia,development 2017. Vancouver, | “A in scienceaquatic Canada. publishersinvertebrates book.” ; Description:|volume Includes 2 bibliographical| “A Boca Science Raton, Publishers FL references : CRC book.” Press, and index.2017. | “A science publishers book.” |Identifiers:| Includes Includes bibliographical bibliographicalLCCN 2016054170| referencesreferences ISBN and and9781498741392 index.indexes. (hardback : alk. paper) | Identifiers:ISBNIdentifiers: 9781498741408 LCCN LCCN 2016054170| 2017007407| (e-book : alk. ISBN ISBN paper) 9781498741392 9781138710450 (hardback (hardback) : alk. | paper) | ISBNSubjects:ISBN 9781498741408 9781315200637 LCSH: Seals (e (Animals)(e-book)-book : alk.--Tropics. paper) | Pinnipedia. Classification:Subjects:Subjects: LCSH: LCSH: LCC Seals Mollusks--Reproduction. QL737.P6 (Animals) T76--Tropics. 2017 | DDC | | Pinnipedia. Mollusks--Development. 599.79--dc23 LCClassification:Classification: record available LCC LCC atQL737.P6 https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054170QL403 .P36 T76 2017 2017 | | DDC 594--dc23599.79--dc23 LCLC record record available available at at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054170 https://lccn.loc.gov/2017007407 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at Visithttp://www.taylorandfrancis.com the Taylor & Francis Web site at andhttp://www.taylorandfrancis.com the CRC Press Web site at andhttp://www.crcpress.com the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Preface to the Series Invertebrates surpass vertebrates not only in species number but also in diversity of sexuality, modes of reproduction and development. Yet, we know much less of them than we know of vertebrates. During 1950s, the multi- volume series by L. E. Hyman accumulated bits and pieces of information on reproduction and development of aquatic invertebrates. Through a few volumes published during 1960s, A. C. Giese and A. S. Pearse provided a shape to the subject of Aquatic Invertebrate Reproduction. Approached from the angle of structure and function in their multi-volume series on Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates during 1990s, K. G. Adiyodi and R. G. Adiyodi elevated the subject to a visible and recognizable status. Reproduction is central to all biological events. The life cycle of most aquatic invertebrates involves one or more larval stage(s). Hence, an account on reproduction without considering development shall remain incomplete. With passage of time, publications in large numbers are appearing in newly established journals on invertebrate reproduction and development. The time is ripe to update the subject. This treatise series proposes to (i) update and comprehensively elucidate the subject in the context of cytogenetics and molecular biology, (ii) view modes of reproduction in relation to Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) and Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) and (iii) consider cysts and vectors as biological resources. Hence, the first chapter on Reproduction and Development of Crustacea opens with a survey of sexuality and modes of reproduction in aquatic invertebrates and bridges the gaps between zoological and stem cell research. With capacity for no or slow motility, the aquatic invertebrates have opted for hermaphroditism or parthenogenesis/polyembryony. In many of them, asexual reproduction is interspersed within sexual reproduction. Acoelomates and eucoelomates have retained ESCs and reproduce asexually also. However, pseudocoelomates and hemocoelomates seem not to have retained ESCs and
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