MAY, 1959 Pl·Ofitable Brands Sta1t Rlith Clzer7jj-Burrell

MAY, 1959 Pl·ofitable Brands Sta1t Rlith Clzer7JJ-Burrell

Obsolete equipment can't meet today's half gallons - a ll standard finishes your specific needs, can increase your efficiency demands. To stay competi 38mm through 56mm. Cherry-Burrell profit. Write him today. There's no tive, operators need equipment that washers also available in a wide range obligation. reduces man-hours, reduces product and of sizes and capacities to wash quarts, container loss, increases in-plant profits. half-gallons and gallons. Your one complete source for profit It is Cherry-Burrell's job to help you engin eered dairy equipm ent, service and Cherry-Burrell fillers assure trouble supplies. Sales and Service in 58 cities. do this. free operation, reduce man-hours per Cherry-Burrell washers wash bottles unit of product. Accurate filling elimi thoroughly, gently and efficiently. The nates product loss. Vacuum type filling combination of high soak tempera eliminates filling of chipped or broken tures and low caustic assures sparkling bottles. Fillers available to fill bottles clean bottles with minimum etching. from half-pints to gallon jugs. The exclusive universal pocket gives Let a Cherry-Burrell Representative you the flexibility to handle all bottles show you how a combination of Cherry Dairy • Food • Farm • Beverage • Brewing from tall half pints through rectangular Burrell washers and fillers, selected for Chemical • Equipment and Supplies

NEW NEW Y ORK ORK

· ·

C HI CAG O O · · NEW NEW

ORLEANS ORLEANS · · SAN SAN FRANC I SCO SCO

. • • AMERICAN AMERICAN CAN CAN COMPANY COMPANY

' ' Grade Grade "A" "A" cartons cartons for for nature's nature's most most nearly nearly perfect perfect food! food! I I , ,

Yes, Yes, Canco Canco cartons cartons are are the the containers containers preferred preferred for for milk milk ...... the the

! !

· ' '

provide provide "controlled "controlled pouring," pouring,"

and and are are compact, compact, sturdy, sturdy, sanitary. sanitary. I I

cafeterias cafeterias and and vending vending m ac hines. hines. They They are are easy easy to to open open and and close; close;

homem a kers kers everywhere, everywhere, these these containers containers are are ideal ideal for for use use in in school school

have have

been been winning winning greater greater acceptance acceptance every every year! year! Popular Popular with with

Canco's Canco's paper paper containers, containers, the the original original disposable disposable cartons cartons for for milk , ,

IN IN GRADE GRADE "A" "A" CARTONS CARTONS

, . . QT QT NOW/ from OP.lavaf. .. ,,,

4 A' I

• Automated Cheddar production FROM cooking to hooping ... the De Laval Ched-0-Matic completely cuts manual handling automates cheddar cheese produc tion. One man operates the entire to bare minimum process, and his only contact with the product is in guiding it from the press to the milling operation.

Significant savings: Total processing time is cut by more than an hour on , each batch, and the Ched-0-Matic enables processors to realize savings of a penny per pound on labor alone.

Prize winning cheese: Cheddar pro duced by the Ched-0-Matic matches cheese produced the old-fashioned way in flavor and consistency.· So much so that Ched-0-Matic pro duced cheddar cheese walked off with top honors at the State Fair in . Syracuse, New Youk in 1957.

Compact- easy to clean: This remarkably compact unit is also remarkably easy to clean. All sur faces that come in contact with the product are of stai nl e~ steel and easily accessible for cleaning.

Free descriptive literature is yours Compact, easy to clean ... the De Laval Ched-0-Matic for the askin g. Just drop us a line automates production of cheddar cheese. on your letterhead.

• Whey protein process minimizes disposal problems

De Laval's new Whey Protein Pro Bas ically, D e Laval ' s Whey cess vast ly reduces one of the cheese Protein Process is a three step processor's major problems by procedure: degassing, ADDRESS REQUESTS heclting, and FOR INFORMATION TO taking the protein out of whey. For centrifuging. ln processing, the whey dc-proteined whey can be irrigated is separated into fluid whey and or lagooned without creating a whole protein. The liquid is easily source of pollution or public nuis disposed of, and the protein may be ance. ln many cases, protein removal sold as a stock feed supplement. Dept. J-5 enables the plant operator to dump THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR COMPANY the processed wh ey in a nearby Poughkeepsie, New York For further information about this 5724 N. Pulaski, Chicago 46, Illinois stream which would not be large revolutionary new process, just drop DE LAVAL PACIFIC COMPANY e no ugh to support whole whey us a line on your letterhead. Descrip 201 E. M illbrae Avenue, Millbrae, California removal. tive literature is yours for the asking.

III III

, , 1959 1959

INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL

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Th e e Journal Journal of of Aii l k k and and Food Food Technology Technology

J. J.

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C. C. K. K. J oHNS oHNS .. .. Ott awa, awa, Ont ar i o, o, Canada Canada

C . . A. A. HUNT ER ER ...... T opeka, opeka,

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Insecticide Insecticide

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C. C. R. R. FELLERS FELLERS ...... Amherst, Amherst, t"Iass. t"Iass.

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F. F. BAR \i\ 1 . . BER BER ...... O a kd a l e, e, Long Long I s land, land,

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Associate Associate Editors Editors

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T h e e E li x ir ir of of Lif e e

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VrNCE N T. T. T T Fo L EY EY

DR . . J . . C. C. O LSON, LSON, ] R. R.

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OMASSON OMASSON

Cont e nt s s

Pa ge ge Publication Publication Board Board

PAUL PAUL CORASH CORASH

Vol. Vol. 22 22 HAR

OLD OLD

B . . ROBJNSO May May

N N No . 5 5

VIN CENT CENT T. T. FOLEY FOLEY

CHARLES CHARLES

E . . T \i\ ALTON ALTON REG. REG. U . S. S. PAT. PAT. O

FF . .

J O H N N J. J. SHEURING SHEURING

International International

Association Association

of of Milk Milk and and Food Food v\IILLIAM v\IILLIAM Sanitarians, Sanitarians, V. V. HI CKEY CKEY Inc. Inc.

FnANKL

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BARB

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Executive Executive Board Board

AND AND M ILK ILK TECH ! ! OLOGY OLOGY

I t t CLUDING CLUDING

MILK MILK

AND AND C i ty ty FOOD FOOD H ea lth lth SA D e t t pt. , , IT Kansas Kansas AT IO Ci ~ ~ t y, y, Mo. Mo.

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY Sec r e tary-Tr eas u1· e r , , VIN C ENT ENT T. T. FoLE Y Y

Lar a m i e, e, vVyoming vVyoming

C H ARLES ARLES E ' ' " 'A LTON LTON

Second Second Vice-P - r es id e , , nt

A th e ns, ns, G e orgia orgia

MILK MILK Fi r t t s

V · i ce- P-re s i de n t, t, J . . J oHN oHN SHEURTNC SHEURTNC FOOD FOOD and and

N e w w York York C it y, y, T. Y. Y.

President - E l ec t , , '' ' ILLIAM ILLIAM V. V. HI CKEY CKEY

Oakd a l e, e, Long Long Island, Island, N . Y . .

Pr esi d e nt, nt, FRA FRA KLIN KLIN Vv . . BARBER BARBER

Journal Journal of of OFFICERS OFFICERS ~.======~ SPECIFY DIFCO

. the only co mplete line of microbiologial reagents and media Culture Media , Microbiological Assay Media ' , Tissue Culture and Virus Media i A' I Bacterial Antisera and Antigens Diagnostic and Serological Reagents Sensitivity Disks Unidisks Peptones Hydrolysates Amino Acids Enzymes Enrichments Dyes Indicators Carbohydrates Biochemicals

ove1' 60 years' expeTience in the:. preJJamUon of D'ifco p1'oducts assuTes UNIFORMITY STABILITY ECONOMY Complete Stocks Fast Service 24-hou1' ShipmP.nt ·' Difco Mnnunl and other descriptive literat11re auailable on request Dl FCO LABORATORIES DETROIT 1, MICHIGAN

"Perfection milk filter s on the f arm pI l ay a n Impor-. t a nt p a rt in controlling quality for our pla nt. "We a r e one of the few pla nts obtaining sediment te s t s twice a month on bulk pickup. We find Perfection filters one of the bes t in dicators to a producer of the kind of job he is doing to produce milk under sani t ary conditions ." NOTE TO SANITARIANS : 'Y-) Why not improve the quality of milk produced under your super vision? Ask for free samples of {/~n, " filter discs Detectos, black filters for mastitis detection, or other products listed help PET get quality milk" below. Plants and producers can obtain says Virgil Herrold, in charge of Quality Control and proven quality filter supplies of all Production, Pet Milk Products, North Prairie, Wis. kinds from one source - Schwartz.

SCHWARTZ MANUFACTURING CO. TWO RIVERS, WIS. Perfection and Blue Streak Brands first in filters Filter diHs, squgres, ba~s 1 tu/?!Js, rolls C!nd strips ~ -

of of appeal appeal general general e e h t ing ing eas incr es; es; tur ea f sanitation sanitation al al ese ese th of of y y man studying studying y y l s s i ndustrious i and and d d e point

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LAWS LAWS - BY OF OF 1 1 LE LE C ARTI TO TO T T AMENDMEN PROPOSED PROPOSED

P P I MEMBERSH O O T CE CE I T NO 129 129 ·------

130 ToncE To MEMBEHSHIP problems. many members of our Association, that the improve The improvements we have discussed are import ments we have discussed are of the greatest import ant t o our future and can be effected only by provid ance to our Association and that a r easonable increase ing additional help to the present Journal staff. Such in dues is necessary to provide the funds for these a move, of course, involves additional expenditure of improvements. funds which can be derived only through an increase Therefore the foregoing amendment to Article I, in dues. The costs of printing, paper, postage, clerical Section 2 of our By Laws is proposed for discussion help, travel, legal and professional fees, have steadily and vote at our next annual b~1sin ess meeting. increased over the past eight years. Up to now, the The Executive Board feels certain that the member profits from the operation of the Journal have been ship will recognize the importance of these improve sufficient to absorb these increased expenses and ments and will indicate their desire for continued still show a profit for the combined operations of grovvth of our Association by their whole-hearted sup the Association. However, this profit has gradually port of this proposed amendment. decreased over the past few years and is not sufficient Franklin vV. Barber to meet t he expense of the proposed improvements. It is the opinion of the Executive Board as well as President, IAMFS ·'

FORTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING IAM FS, Inc.

AUGUST 26, 27, 28, 1959

HOTEL COLORADO,

GLENWOOD SPRINGS/ COLORADO.

S e pt e mb e r r 8- 10 , , 1958. 1958.

ment. ment. Insid e e th e e front front cov e r r h e e put put hi s s philosoph y y

Assoc

iati

on on

of of

Milk Milk

and and

Food Food

San : it(l1' in in i (I11S N e , , w w In c York . . , ,

citiz e ns , , and and the y y saw saw it it was was a a magnificent magnificent docu

Pr ese nt e d d at at th e e 45th 45th Annual Annual :vf ee ting ting of of th e e Internat-ional Internat-ional 1 1

th e n on on n April April 1 3 , , 1906 1906 h e e submitted submitted his his plan plan to to t h e e

For For b e tt e r r than than ten ten months months Daniel Daniel H. H. work e d d and and

tour tour passes passes but but

what what

t e chnological chnological

progress progress is is b e in g g

to to b e e duplicat e d. d.

human human

abiliti

e s , , no no

year, year, no no da y, y, no no

back back again again at at evening evening to to tak e e th e e finished finished docum e nts nts

I I

, . .

conce

. . Yet

, ,

this this

fact fact

is is indisputable, indisputable,

that that with with man th e e provisions provisions for for th e e day , , go go down down again , , and and · :: om e e

con tinu

e e

to to

express express

fear, fear,

dishTJSt

, , p ess imism imism and and ! ! · ' ' it it was was each each morning morning to to com e e charging charging up up th e e hill hill with with

with with

many many

words , , in in man y y ways. ways. Th e re re are are thos e e who who I I assis tants tants and and one one 14 14 year year old old boy boy whose whose r espo nsibilit y y

titud

es , ,

many many

philosophies philosophies

and and

we we

descr ib e e th e e world world Plan Plan for for th e e City City by by th e e Gold e n n Gate . . H e e had had four four

Toda

y y we we view view

th e e "vor

ld ld

with with many many diverg e nt nt at

sat sat high high atop atop Twin Twin Peaks, Peaks, preparing preparing th e e Burnham Burnham

Prais e e Fath e r , , Son Son and and Holy Holy Ghost." Ghost."

1906 , , when, when, at at th e e cos t t to to th e e citizens citizens of of $ 100

, 000 000 h e e

Prais e e Him , , above, above, ye ye h e avenly avenly hosts

; ;

native native city city of of San San Francisco Francisco in in the the yea r s s 1905 1905 and and

Praise Praise Him , , a ll ll c r ea tur es es h e re re below; below;

The The

greatest greatest

succ e ss ss Daniel Daniel H . . had had was was in in my my "Pra i se se God God from from whom whom all all bl ess ings ings flow ; ;

today today are are a a reality . . wrote wrote thos e e words words so so well well known known to to us us toda y y -

in in that that da y y eve r yone yone said said were were visionary , , plans plans which which heroism , , th e e courag e, e, th e e faith faith of of th e e peopl e e and and

throughways throughways to to th e e outskirts outskirts of of the the city - p l ans ans which which Bishop Bishop Thomas Thomas Ken, Ken, man man of of God, God, witn e ss e d d th e e

wat e rfront , , for for th e e r eve rsal rsal of of the the Chicago Chicago Riv e r, r, for for cove r r from from thi s s doUJbl e e trag e dy . " "

"A ll ll i s s d e ath ath an d d d es paiL paiL I I do do not not b e li eve eve w e e sha ll ll eve r r r e It It ca ll ed ed for for an an e splanade splanade along along th e e Lak e e Michigan Michigan

viewed viewed th e e destruction destruction and and wrote wrote in in his his diary diary - h e e s ubmitt ed ed th e e Burnham Burnham Plan Plan for for the the Windy Windy C it y. y.

Samuel Samuel Pepys , , man man of of th e e wo rld , , realist , , agnostic , , i e l l H. H. gained gained his his first first prominence prominence in in Chicago Chicago when when

Two Two famed famed au th ors ors wrote wrote of of these these tr agedies agedies - (Robert (Robert Moses Moses will will deny deny this this in in the the morning! ) ) Dan

13,200 13,200 houses houses and and 87 87 churches churches destroyed. destroyed. es t t city city planner planner of of this this century , , Daniel Daniel H. H. Burnham. Burnham.

iJ1g iJ1g four-fifths four-fifths of of London London with with 272,000 272,000 acres acres burned; burned; In In 1901 1901 th e r e e came came on on th e e American American scene scene th e e great

came came the the holocaust holocaust of of th e e Great Great Fire Fire of of 1666 1666 destroy of of h i s s success." success."

d ea d , , every every family family felt felt th e e grim grim finger finger of of death. death. Then Then fulfill fulfill thos e e plans , , and and I I will will prophesy prophesy th e e measure measure

Plagu e e swept swept over over London London l eavi ng ng in in its its wake wake 68,596 68,596 l e t t him him demonstrate demonstrate his his willingness willingness and and ability ability to to

pounded pounded disaster disaster for for th e e British. British. In In 1665 1665 th e e Black Black son, son, Kermit, Kermit, th ese ese words words - " Tell Tell me me a a man ' s s plans, plans,

But , , that that decad e e of of th e e 1660 's 's was was one one of of com In In 1905 1905 Pr esiden t t Theodore Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt wrote wrote to to his his

Duke Duke of of York. York. That That ow · · goals goals b e e the the highest highest - - - ! !

th ey ey were were c h anging anging th e e nam e e in in the the honor honor of of the the new new of of th e e individual. individual.

sant sant they they were were mot mot only only taking taking over over his his domain domain but but knowledge, knowledge, that that we we remember remember th e e God-given God-given wo rth rth

Cap t ain ain Richard Richard Nicolls Nicolls rud e ly ly announced announced to to Stuyv e that that our our goals goals be be th e e highest, highest, that that we we shar e e our our

British British fl ee t t suddenly suddenly appeared appeared in in th e e harbor harbor and and It It seems seems that that e t erna ll y y th e r e e are are thr ee ee es challeng

l ew ew Ams t erdam, erdam, but , , you you will will r eca ll , , in in 1664 1664 the the accomplishment accomplishment and and th e e tr anqui lity lity of of lov e. e.

ago , , this this hotel hotel would would no no doubt doubt have have be en en called called the the come come hom hom peace peace of of mind , , freedom freedom of of spirit , , thrill thrill of of

Had Had it it not not be en en for for an an incident incident some some 294 294 years years blessings , , also also offers offers the the satisfactions satisfactions of of living living that that

ful ful individuals individuals to to make make sure sure this this wor ld ld of of manifold manifold peg peg l eg -brilli ant ant and and spotless spotless and and conspicuous. conspicuous.

nations, nations, as as associations , , as as corporations , , as as thought duc t s . . H e e wan t ed ed his his farm farm to to be-just be-just like like his his silver silver

to to ask ask ourse l ves ves what what we we can can do do as as a a neighborhood neighborhood of of his his farm ' s s productivity productivity and and in in the the quality quality of of his his pro

pro~pect , , With With such such a a world world in in it it behoov es es u s s Amsterdam, Amsterdam, P e ter ter Stuyv esa nt. nt. He He prided prided himself himself in in

accelerated. accelerated. part part of of the the farm farm a1-1d a1-1d dairy dairy land land of of th e e Mayor Mayor of of New New

e d d at at this this convention convention indicate , , is is being being further further you you are are d e dicated dicated t o o foster foster and and improve. improve. This This was was

_)) omely , , a a contribution contribution which, which, th e e papers papers b e ing ing present this this hot e l l is is located located was was b ei ng ng used used for for that that purpose purpose

to to this this en d d yo u u hav e e made made your your contribution contribution hand New New Yorker. Yorker. For, For, three three centuries centuries ago ago the the land land on on which which

To To s uch uch an an end end is is y our our organization organization dedicat ed , , and and tarians tarians and and the the Corn e ll ll Dairy Dairy Conference , , at at the the Hot e l l

tarians , , the the ew ew York York State State Association Association of of Sani a a full full and and healthful healthful lif e. e. ~ ~ lilk lilk 1 1

of of th e e Int e rnational rnational Association Association of of Milk Milk Food Food Sani physically physically possible possible & & for for all all people people eve r yw h e r e e to to liv e e

It It is is appropriate appropriate you you hold hold your your first first joint joint meeting meeting made , , l ead in g g inevitably inevitably to to that that tim e e w h en en it it will will be be

American. American. Can. Can. Company , , New New York York

J. J. RoGER RoGER DEAS DEAS

THE THE ELIXIR ELIXIR OF OF LIFE LIFE

1 1

131 131

...... ------132 THE ELIXlR OF LIFE

of city planning, he said - 1. A continuing Master Plan. ''A p lan i s not just h ouses, a nd streets and parks . A plan is 2. An agency to administer it. rather the outer m anifes tation of the needs of people." 3. A bond issue to activate it. On the first page he put his classic formula for 4. A highway tlu·ough the heart of the city so , successful planning, he said this - transient traffic could by pass it. "Make no little plans. They have no magic to stir men's blood 5. Urban re-development legislation. ', and of themselves may not b e realized. Make BIG plans, i Perhaps you know the story of what happened. In A' t a logical r .>et yo ur aims and objectives high, 1·emembering tha 1947 the Master Plan was adopted; a planning com and noble diagram once 1· ecorded will continue on with issue ever growing intensity. Make BIG plans!" mission was authorized to administer it; a bond Then, he gave his plan-367 pages-and on the last of $212,000,000 was passed to activate it; any of you page one word of warning - who have driven from San Francisco Airport to Oak "No plan is static we must ever b e ready to meet the con land have gone on the by-passing highway; urban stancy of change." redevelopment legislation went up to the Supreme And on the back cover his only bit of whimsy - Court and back and the ' i\'estern Addition is being "The bes t laid plans of God, and mice and men, need a cleared and free enterprise rebuilding, giving the city w hale of a lot of selling n ow and then." needed modern housing. The city fathers were amazed b y the plan and the The Burnham Plan has become a r eality-because press reported it, they said - it was a BIG plan and because there were tho.se who "Daniel H. this is a c ommendable plan. Vile notice you call realized that within a d emocracy you don't do things for a 10 block civic center at the confluence of Van Ness er by persuasion and perser/ Avenue and Market Streets, for tearing down all the s lum meas by compulsion but rath South of the Slot, through Chinatown and tlu-oughout 1 orth verance. Beach, you call for ten·acing Telegraph Hill and Nob Hill; That our goals be the highest, that we share our an Atheneum on the top of Twin Peaks; bridge to the north knowledge - - - ! shore and to the east shore; an elevated sh·uctme around the In the year 1900 the Editors of the Atlant·ic Mo·nthly periphe1y of the c ity! Mr. Burnham this is a c ommendable plan but tell us just one thing-how do you propose to tear wrote to the Professor of Jurisprudence and Political clown all the buildings to put the plan into effect?" Science of Princeton University asking, "Could you The thing they didn't know was that Daniel H. had write a dozen articles on the objectives and ideals of the whole thing wired with the Almighty and just 5 modern education?" vVoodrow ' iVilson wrote back and days later at 5:12 in the morning the e arth shook and said, "Yes, I could write a dozen articles on the ideals all the buildings fell down - and those that didn't and objectives of modern educatton, but I could not fall dovm, burned up. The Burnham Plan could have state them any better than the l\llaster did in just a gone into effect except for one thing, Daniel H . had dozen words when h e said, ' Ye shall know the Truth gone off to do the Burnham Plan for ew Orleans and the Truth shall make you free'." H e said, "I could and there was no one to read the back cover - "The write a dozen books on the techniques of modern best laid plans of God, and mice and men, need a education but the one article that should be written is whale of a lot of selling now and then." that which challenges all of our people ~ t all times of lo one to read it except one 14 year old boy who, the importance of the translation and transmission with his ovvn personal, precious copy tucked under of information and inspiration to our neighbors." his arm, watched his own home burn to the ground. On Kingshighway in the city of St. Louis stands The years went by·and the young man grew in stature Southwest High School. It stands on the top of a and acquired much of the embellishments of life a nd green knoll. It is a four-story red brick building, a submitted his candidacy for Mayor of San Francisco. magnificent structure. Across the facade a re the He was swept into office and on the day of his inaug statues of the five philosophers and the inscription, uration he called in the press to give them his first "Ye shall know the Truth and the Truth shall make I ' program for San Francisco-a magnificent document you free." the Burnham Plan! H e said, "''m going to get the One day in the spring of 1950 Raymond Brisbane finest city planners to bring the plan up-to-date for walked through the portico of Southwest High just ' o plan is static we must ever be ready to meet the at twilight feeling a n ew s ense of responsibility. He constancy of change'-and on my planning commis read the twelve words with new m eaning for he had sion I'm not going to put any political hacks, I'm going become Principal of Southwest High School - 1600 to put the finest salesmen I can find for 'The best youngsters his personal responsibility to guide in to laid plans of God, and mice and men, need a whale the wonderment of the American way of life. His of a lot of selling now and then,." academic soliloquy swept over him. The city planners went to work, they r ecommend But all of a sudden his reverie was disrupted by ed five things - his awareness of an irritating noise, a sound like a

minut e . . Th ey ey s aw aw s i g ns ns that that s aid aid " Do Do y ou ou r e ali ze ze that that al al and and local local op e r a tion s- a a p e rf e ct ct e xamp l e e of of our our

c ans ans com e e racing racing off off th e e lin e s s at at sp ee ds ds uP uP to to 450 450 a a tur e e and and industr y, y, labor labor and and management , , int e rn a tion

ag e. e. Th ey ey saw saw th e e happ y, y, c h a tt e ring , , · clatt e ring ring tin tin that that r e pr e s e nt s s all all s e gm e nt s s of of our our e cononiy-agricul

and and th ey ey sa w w th e e miracl e e of of this this mod e rn rn m e chani ca l l h e r a e cross cross Kin g shighwa y y from from our our school , , is is a a plant plant

t~1 e e District District Sal e s s Mana ge r , , th ey ey walk e d d down down th e e lin e e

o f f th e e t e xtbooks , , an an oc c asional asional visitation . . Y e t , , ri g ht ht

' '

qoor qoor b

y y the the Pl a nt nt M a n age r , , th ey ey - w e r e e gr ee t e b d y y poor poor job job of of t eac hin g g it it for for w e e do do it it acad e mically , , out out

I I

p e opl e e invit e d , , 1017 1017 c a m e . . Th ey ey w e r e e g r ee t e d d a t t th e e I I think think th c e ours e e i s s poorly poorly nam e d , , I I think think w e e do do a a

it it had had t a p e r e d d off off to to n a e at at 102 ° . . Of Of th e e thous a nd nd ec on~mic on~mic w~rlcl w~rlcl f ac ts ts of of th e e th a t t li e s s ah e ad ad of of th e m. m.

high e r r than than th e e fl ag- 11 4 ° -but -but b y y 7 7 o'clock o'clock at at ni g ht ht Probl e ms." ms." W e e tr y y to to ex pos e e th e m m to to th e e cold c , ru e l l

Day , , th e e t e mp e r a tu{· e e in in St. St. Louis Louis was was just just a a littl e e w e e giv e e our our stud e nts nts a a cours e e we we c a ll ll "American "American

You You will will r ec all , , on on that that Jun e e 14th , , b e fitting fitting Fla g g Man a g e r r and and said , , " lVlr. lVlr. V e rhunc e, e, in in th e e s e nior nior y e ar ar

Aft e r r th e e m e e ting ting was was ov e r , , h e e cam e e up up to to th e e Plant Plant Jun e e 14 , , 1954. " "

portanc e e of of thi s s s e gm e nt nt of of our our Am e rican rican e conom y . . se nt nt out out l e tters tters to to a a thou s and - p e opl e - " B e e m y y g u e st , ,

t ea chin g . H . e e r e ad ad th e e si g ns . . H e e s a w w rev e a l e d d th e e im t e rt a inm e nt a , nd nd door door pri ze s-b e tt e r r do do that. " " So So h e e

to to support support th e ir ir famili es es a nd nd still still e njoy njoy th e e lu x ur o y f f had had b e tt e r r off e r r th e r m e fr e shm e nts , , b e v e rag e s , , e n

w orkin g g th e e swin g g shift shift

in in ord e r r to to e arn arn e nough nough mon

ey ey I I had had b e tt e r r g immick immick m y y invitation invitation a a littl e e bit; bit; I I U ! 1 1

1 1 a maz e m e nt , , h s e aw aw se v e nt ee n . . m e mb e rs rs of of his his st a ff ff in g g littl e e nois e. e. I'll I'll invit e e th e m m to to b e e m v v gu e sts . . But But

fri e nds nds a nd nd his his n e i g hb o rs rs working , , and and th e n , , to to hi s s th ey ey would would b c e uri o us us a s s to to wh a t t make s s this this int e r e st

M r. r. Brisb a n c e ontinu e d d on on down down th e e lin e, e, saw saw his his m a yb e e I I could could indu ce ce th e m m to to c ome ome to to m e. e. ~ 1 I ay b e e

do ?. ?. Ah! Ah! I've I've got got an an id e a! a! mor I I can e e coming. ' t t If If get get th " " e e p e opl e, e,

Back Back to to his his offi ce ce h e e w e nt , , '' What What am am I I goin g g to to m y y girls girls no w , , and and I I want want to to warn warn you. you. Th e r e e ar e e thr ee ee , . .

Sa l e s s Mana ge r r e pli e d , , should . . You'v "It "It e e got got two two of of fiv e e tim e s , , same same r es ults. ults.

s ee ee . .. .. Ra y burn burn . .. .. that that sounds sounds familiar. familiar. Th e e D. ' strict strict th e e door door slamm e d d back back in in his his fac e . . H e e tri e d d this this :four :four -

nam e e is is Jam e s s Ra y burn ." ." Th e e Principal Principal said , , " L e t t m e e Th e e door door op e n e d , , h e e introduc e d d him se lf , , and and BA r r G , ,

c am e e to to th e e Distri c t t Sal es es M a nager , , who who said , , " M y y h e e start e d d clown clown th e e str ee t t and and h e e rang rang a a doorb e ll. ll.

th e e fath e r r of of th e e shortstop shortstop of of Southw e st st High. " " H e e w e e don e e wron g? g? " " I'd I'd b e tt e r r go go ask ask th e e pe opl e . " " So , ,

nam e e is is Val Val V e rhun ce . I I . hav e e th e e honor , , sir , , of of b e ing ing ag e r r w e nt nt back back to to his his offic e H . e e thou g ht , , wh a t t hav e e

w a s s g r ee t e b d y y th e e Plant Plant Manag e r r who who said , , "M y y d A e la y y in in action action was · · grant e d d and , , th e e Plant Plant Man

Hi g h. h. As As h e e cam up up e e to to th e e door door of of th e e p l ant , , h e e shou l d d b e e torn torn down-it down-it was was a a public public nuisanc e . .

1017 1017 was was R ay mond mond Brisban e, e, Principa l l of of Southw e st st th e e ex t e nsion nsion not not be be grant e d , , the the e ntir e e buildin g g

r e lations lations story, story, ex c e pt pt for for the the fact fact that that on e e of of th e e ze ns , , a ll ll in in right e ous ous indignation . . Not Not only only should should

Maybe Maybe that that sounds sounds lik e e th e e end end of of a a good good publ i c c ge t , , ther e e was was 9l 9l g r e at at and and vocal vocal group group o f f irat c e iti

Council , , h e e r e c e i ve d d that that shock shock that that e xt e nsion nsion layman layman wa so so s s built. built. oft e n n ~ h e e

But But wh e n n th e e Pl a nt nt M a nag c e h w r e ck e e d nt nt . " " Th to to e e d th ee e e d d C w ity ity as as ch e ck e d , , th e e titl e e was was cl e ar e d , ,

v V h y , , this this p e tition tition would would g o o right right m e nt nt on on a cr throu o ss ss g it. it. h! h! You You h a b d e tt e r r hav y e our our d ee d d

a ll ll th e e torp e do es es that that sank sank to to th e e that that ntir proo e e Japan )e rt y . . e s I I e e think think fl ee t . . th e e I a v y y still still has has an an e as e

of of St. St. Louts ; ; wh y, y, during during th e e war war the y y e v e m n a d e e " P a rdon rdon m e, e, sir , , I I don ' b t e li e v y e ou ou hav e e a a cl e ar ar titl e e

p e opl e; e; th ey ey mad e e a a product product e th ssential ssential e ir ir l e ad to to e r r th who who e e conom cam e e y y up up to to him him aft e rward rward and and said , ,

th ey ey e mplo ye d , , with with id e al al working working conditions , , 600 600 c il - vVhooooh! vVhooooh! Ri g ht ht on on through. _ _ o o opposition-onl y y

Aft e r r all , , they they vv e r e e good good n e ighbors ighbors in in the the communit v; v; wh e n n th e e Pl a nt nt Ma n age w r e nt nt back back to to th e e City City Coun

th e e City City Counci l , , confid e nt nt it it would would go go racing racing throu g ~1 . . e v e rybody rybody w as as hap ny . . Th e n , , · · on on the the n e xt xt Tu e sda y y

warehouse warehouse ju st st 150 150 f e et. et. Th e y y made made application application to to e nt e rtain e d , , th ey ey w e r e e do o r-priz e d; d; by by o 'clock 'clock ll ll

pri e tors tors of of the the e stablishm e nt nt want e d d to to e xt e nd nd th e e Th ey ey w e r e e f e d , , th e w y e r e e b e v e rag e d , , th ey ey w e r e e

b ee n n for for th e e fact fact that that in in th e e spring spring of of 1954 1954 th e e 1)ro maticall y y told told of of th e e importan ce ce of of thi s s on i e ndustry . .

His His irritation irritation would would hav e e continu e d d had had i t t not not produ c ts ts go go into into m e tal tal contain e rs?" rs?" Signs Signs that that dra

r e veri e e brok e n. n. said said " Do Do y u r ou e ali ze ze ov e r r 500 500 food food and and 1 , 000 000 industrial industrial

tion tion h e e walk e d d b ac k k into into th e e school school buildin g , , hi s s e nough nough l e ft ft ov e r r for for th e e Admiral's Admiral's gig ? " " Signs Signs th a t t

tinuous tinuous cacophonous cacophonous nois e e 24 24 flo hours hours a t 7 7 t battl a a da e y. y. ships In In , , in 42 42 · it a cruis e rs , , 147 147 destro y ers , , with with

w e ll ll landscap e d , , but but n e v e rth e l e s s s it it mad e e this this con g oin g g to to go go into into m a n y y of of th e s e e cans cans n ex t t ye ar ar could could

th e e far far ex tremit y -th e r e e w e r e e no no garish garish signs it it , , wa s s si g ns ns that that said , , "Do "Do y ou ou r e ali ze ze that that th e e b ee r r that's that's

war e housing housing th e r e -th e e trains trains in in and and lif e the the -like -like trucks trucks Scrabbl c am e e e , , Cana to to s ta , , TV TV watching ?" ?" O th e r r

-administration -administration h e r e -manufacturing -manufacturing a nd nd 4 5 5 minut at at e th s a a s a e da p ex y y for for th e e more more important important things things

industrial industrial plant. plant. had had th e e traditional traditional s av e s s th e e U-shap Am It It e ri c e e an an d e hous sign sign e wif e e an an av e rag e e of of 2 2 hours hours

and and th e r e e stood stood th e e littl e e nois billion billion e mak e tin tin r r itself-a itself-a c ans ? ? Sign mod s s e th rn rn a t t said said " Do Do you you r e aliz e e this this

m e tallic tallic mosquito . . H e e look e th d d e e across across p e opl e e Kingshighwa of of th U e nit y y e d d St a t e s s last last ye ar ar us e d d 40} ~ ~

133 133 Euxm Euxm TH E E OF OF LIF E E 134 THE ELIXIR OF LIFE

American economy in action. Could we use your plant seen such cooperation as we got from the Principal of as our laboratory?" the school. " The Principal said, ''I've never seen such The Plant Manager checked with the New York cooperation as we got from the corporation." The Office, the Principal checked with the Superintendent Superintendent of Schools said, "'\Ve're going to t do , of Schools, and starting in September of 1954, for this in every school we have" - the Vice President . , 30 days, the senior class was exposed to the Amer of the corporation said, "We're going to do this in i ican economic system predicated upon this one in every community we have a plant." - And then the A' I dustry. Mayor summed it all up by saying, (as Mayors al The Plant i\IIanager told of his five-fold responsibili ways seem to say,) "You have proved yourselves to ty-to his customers, to his employees, to the com be Good Teighbors." munity, to management, to the shareholders. The All this was happily conclusive in itself, except for District Sales Manager pointed out that his responsi the fact that the iVI.C. called extemporaneously on bility began when a sale was consumated, for then one of the students, Louis Pritzby. Louis shuffled up he had to be sure to keep a satisfied customer. There to the microphone, St. Louis' answer to the zoot came the whole battery of those who represent the suiter. He was wearing a turtle-neck sweater, with complex structure of a s uccessful business; the pur red and white horizontal stripes, he wore jodhpurs chasing agent, the master m echanic, the shipping and paratrooper boots with the laces tied around his foreman; people from the research laboratories, the legs; his hair was combed like the south end. of a agronomist, the technicians, the home economist; rep north-bound duck. As he went, a ll the g irls gave him , resentatives of the labor unions, the personnel diTect the whistle, all the guys screemed, "Loeee!" or; processors, packers, transporters, wholesalers, re H e stood in front of the microphone embarrassed · tailers-and on the last day came the Comptroller of for a minute; and then he said, "My old man didn't the Company who pointed out, how, after all this, want me to take this course. H e said, "You're nothing the corporation was still able to make a profit. Even but a bunch of big shots that get rich out of the after taxes. For 30 days the y oungsters were exposed blood of little guys'." "But," he said, "I hope you'll for to our American way of life as demonstrated by o ne give me, Mr. Verhunce, Mr. Rayburn, I don't think industry. any of you are big shots. I think that you're just Then they were given three tests. First, a test on average men trying to do a better than average job, the history and significance of the processing industry; and the higher the job gets , the tougher it gets." H e second, the 69 questions of the Public Opinion Survey said, "I don't know why my old man looks down on I of Princeton University on the American economic big shots-used to be one himself, used to play tackle philosophy; and third, they were given their choice for the Old Chicago Bears. Wanted me to go out for of the job they wished to occupy on Student's D ay football, all 98 pounds of me. I tried, broke my arm when they were going to take over the plant. trying! Then Mr. Brisbane said, ' Lou, why don't you On the processing industry, of the 92 students, only try for yell leader?' I ran for yell l eader, I was elected 2 got 100%. Not good, except for the fact that we gave yell l eader, and I'm the best yell l eader Southwest the test to the Plant and to the New York Head Of ever had." And all the youngsters cheered to tell him fice-nobody got 100%. On the 69 questions, it showed that he was. Then, he said, "And when I graduate a 37% improvement on their comprehension of our from High School, I know what I want to be. I want American economic. philosophy. On the 46 jobs to be to be a Shipping Clerk. And then maybe one day I occupied on Student's D ay, we thought every y oung can get to be Shipping Foreman, like Dick Curran, ster would want to be the big shot - Plant Manager, the man whose job I h eld today. " Then he said, "Well , District Sales Manager. Only 2 wanted to be Plant I guess that's about all." Manager, and nobody wanted to be District Sales H e shuffled back to his seat and that was all ex iVIanager. '\iVe had to draft one of the y oungsters. Four cept for the fact there were no derisive cat calls, no teen wanted to be the Shipping Foreman. whistling; 91 youngsters, looking a t Louis, just a little Then, on ovember 12 the youngsters took over, starry-eyed, realizing as he did that in America you 46 in the 46 key jobs, the other 46 acting as guides for can set your goal in life and have the hopes of achiev the Mayor, the representatives of the City Council, ing that goal. There were 92 representatives of the for the labor leaders, for the Board of Education, for press, and politicians, and can makers, looking admir visiting can makers, for the press and radio. They saw ingly, realizing that Louis had gotten the message young America successfully operating a g reat in of the wonderm.ent of America. dush'ial plant. After the luncheon was over, Raymond Brisbane After the demonstration, there was a luncheon. It took :Mike Cortilet, the Vice President of the corpora was a Jove-feast! The Plant Manager said, ' 'I've never tion, over to the window of the cafeteria. Mr. Bris-

hlu

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book book

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h e e r

apped apped

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gave

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ification ification

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about about

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th e e l ast ast

evening, evening,

Jun

I I

e e

, , 194

, , th

e e

night night

s t a rt rt whirling

, ,

for for

th v e

isitors isitors

to to mo

ve ve

forward forward

to to

the the

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ll ll you you

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each each

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e r

s s

to to co

e e on on

e e st

age, age,

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e e

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nf e

r ence, ence,

ave ave

h e r r

go go

o o

wo rk rk for for

ith ith

a a

sense sense

of of

e e

dramatic dramatic

s e

lowl y y r a is

e d d hi

s s

th e e

conf

r e n ce ce

a rr

y· y· a a

beautiful beautiful

blond blond

th en en the the affi rm ative l w y

ill ill

t a nd

." ."

a ll ll

h u

ave ave

to to

do do

is is

thi

s-a

bout bout

thr ee ee

yea

r s s

prior prior

to to

t o o

ask ask

at at

when when

I I ral) ral)

my my

gave

l l

ll ll

of of

th ose ose

tin

g g

town town

n d d

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i s

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to to

t t in in

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e e insid

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wo rkin

gs gs

you you

t o o

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as as we've we've

done done

in in

e e pa s t. t. I'm I'm

going going

session session

of of

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nit

ed ed Nations Nations

s hould hould

e e to to

ur ur

important important

s s

this this

m o

e nt , ,

I'm I'm

not not go in g g to to

just just

as k k

s h own own

a a

littl

e e

foresight-and foresight-and

if if

y y

chance chance

the the

t t

e n n Halif

ax ax sa id

, , " The The

tim

e e

ha s s

m e e

to to

vote

. .

So So

many many

things things

b eca

use use

of of that that

titl

e e

an d d becaus e e I I had had went went b ack ack and and sat sat

down. down.

Conf

rence rence

on on

Int

e rnational rnational

Or ga

ni za

o n ." ."

I I

saw saw

t o o

th e e microphone microphone

said said

a a

few few we

ll ll

c hos

n n words words

nd nd

e e

nit

d d States States

l ega

ti on on to to

e e U nit ed ed

tions tions

ith ith

a a

wide wide

red red

ribbon ribbon o n n

it. it.

U ncl

e e

Ed Ed

l ea

n e d d over over

a a

high-falutin high-falutin

titl

e. e.

I I

was was

"As

sociate sociate

Consultant Consultant

to to

a lif ax ax

hand

e d d

Stettinius Stettinius

a a scroll scroll

abo ut ut

3 3

feet feet

lon g g

nit

ed ed

Stat

es es Jun io r r Chamb e r r of of Comm e

e, e,

h I ad ad t ee

th. th.

I I

a ~t

e nd

ed ed a ll ll tho

se se

sess

ion

s s

r , ,

r e presenting presenting

the the

ll ll

that that

e rful rful

whi

t e e h

, ,

a nd nd

eye

br ows, ows,

and and

/ /

l ose r r to to p eace eace

an an a t t a

n y y

ti1n

e e in in

histor

y. y.

forward!" forward!"

nd nd

Edward Edward R. R.

e ttiniu

s, s,

. . ca

m e e forw

a rd

, ,

. Un

ed ed

Nations Nations

hart

e r r

bringing bringing

e e

ntir

e e

wor

ld ld

so so

I'm I'm

going going

to to ask ask

e e Secretary Secretary

of of

Stat

e e

to to

m e e

and and

on on

Jun

e e

, ,

ey ey

were were

a bl

e e

to to

adop

t t

g e

r e

at at

ute ute

to to

thi s g s

r ea

t t

c it

y y for for

th e e

hosp

a lit

y y th

ey've ey've

shown shown

b ad ad common common

probl

e ms

, ,

co mm o

n n

goa

l s, s,

common common

fea r

s, s,

making making

this this

ntire ntire

thin g g possible

. .

I I

want want

o o pay pay

trib

e r r

being being

t oge

th e r r for for

o o months months

ey ey

found found

ey ey

grea

t t U

nit

d d

States States

for for

setting setting

up up

this this

conference

, ,

e n n

ave ave

a a

com

o n n

God God

t w o

hom hom

to to

pray. pray.

t , ,

r r but but

efo

r e e we we do do

so, so, I I want want

to to

pay pay

tribut

e e to to

this this

nominat

o t r

o o

e e

world's world's

problems problems

and and

ey ey

didn

' t t

f ax ax

said, said,

" Th

e e

tim

e e

ha s s

come come

for for

voting voting

on on

th e e Chart

es t t

minds minds

come come

th e

r r see

kin

g g th e e

com

mon mon

d e

e e

discussion discussion

w e nt nt

on on

until until

10:48 10:48

p.m

. .

th e n n

Hali

I I

saw

, ,

on on

April April

24, 24,

45 , , 1500 1500

of of th e e

rld

' s s

"We "We

do do

t t

i nk nk thi

s s is is

a a

pedect pedect

Charter-

-perio

d ." ."

of of th e e

founding founding

conv

ntion ntion

of of

th e e Unit

ed ed

Nations. Nations.

Then

, ,

spea

kin

g g

for for

Russia

, ,

Andrei Andrei

Grom

y ko ko said

, ,

r r

had had

e e

privilege privilege

of of att

ndin

g g all all

of of

e e sessio

n s s

we we

sense sense

our our

s t ewa

ship ship

of of th e e

littl

e e

nations." nations."

In In

45, 45,

h I

ad ad

tl j !e !e grea

t es

t t

experience experience

of of my my

lif e

nations

, ,

we we

do do

not not

think think

this this

is is a a perfect perfect Chart e r r but but

back back

to to

1945 1945

e H n

aro

ld ld

Stassen Stassen

said, said,

" Sp

kin

g g

for for

th e e bi

g g

dquarters dquarters

of of

e e

nit

e d d Nations

, , my my thou

t s s race race th e e

big big

nations nations

w ill ill

sense sense th e ir ir

responsibility responsibility

to to

us. " "

Knowing Knowing

th a

t t

just just

across across

town town

from from

us us

is is the the

n o

t t believe believe

thi s s

is is a a

perf ec t t Charter Charter but but we we b e li eve eve

do?

" "

podium podium

to to

say, say,

kin

g g

for for th

e e

littl

e e

nations

, , we we

d o o

ll ll

of of

its its

compl

ex iti

es es

e e

say, say,

"Bu

t t wha

t t can can

e e man man

tric. tric.

P ar

ti c ul

ar l y y

whe

n n

Car l

os os

Homul

o o

jump e d d o th to

e e

e . " "

But, But,

. . this this

e t

e rogeneous rogeneous

wor

ld ld of of

toda

y y

with with

e e was was

es idin

g g and and th

e e

en tir e e eve

ning ning

\;vas \;vas

e l ec

sc ription ription

"E "E Pluribu

s s Un um

" - - " - " Out Out of of i V I any any b ac kground . .

On On

eac

h h

in in

at at

jin

gles gles

in in

our our po

c k e t t is is th e e in

o f f h ea

r r "

Pomp Pomp

and and

Circumstances

" "

playing playing

in in

e e

rem

e r r

t h

e e

worth worth

f f t

e e

· i

· ncl

· i viclua

l l -

! !

h e e

s t pod pod

th e r e e so so

t a ll ll

a nd nd

so so

hau

gb t y y yo

u u

could could

kind kind

Our t Our

goa

l s s h e e

· i ghest, ghest,

we we

sha

r e e ou.1· ou.1·

owledge, owledge,

we we th e e e e lif

of of

me , ,

he he look

ed ed

lik

e e Frankenstein. Frankenstein.

But But as as

day day

inh

e rit rit

our our

wor

ld. ld.

i s s

combed combed

from from whe

r e e it it

is-ov

er er t o o wher e e

it it

ain

' t! t! For For

ticularly

, ,

our our

neighbors neighbors

of of

t omorrow omorrow

who who

sha ll ll one one

wrist wrist

giving giving

him him

a a r a th e r r a

wkward wkward

stance, stance,

his his

h a ir ir

information information

d d

a ti

on on t o o

our our

n eighbors." eighbors."

Par

s i x x

f ee t t fiv

e e

inches inches

t a ll , , his his l e ft ft

ann ann

is is off off

above above

e e

importance importance

of of

The The

t ra

n s l a ti o n n

and and

transmission transmission

of of

Britannia

's 's dignity, dignity,

e e Earl Earl

of of

H a lifa

x . .

H e e

st a

nds nds

uld uld

join join

with with

him him

in in

his his

admon

ishm en

t t of of

e e

Pr e siding siding

over over

e e

meeting meeting

was was

th e e

pitome pitome

of of

in in th

e e l and and

wh e re re a

ll ll Tru

th th

s s

known , , but but I'm I'm sure sure th ey ey was was sac r e d . .

and and

Raymond Raymond

Brisb

ane ane

ave ave

join e d d vVoodrow vVoodrow

il scn scn photograph

e rs rs clamoring clamoring

a ll ll ove

, , nobody

' s s portrait portrait

U nf

o rtunat

l y, y,

ce ce

that that

day day

both both

lik e e Cortilet Cortilet

ace

. . i V

Iovi

e e

came

as as

wer

e e

g rinding rinding

away away for for hi s tor y , ,

k e e

u u

free ." ."

to to the the

l ' afters afters

very very

v isitor isitor

a t t

co uld uld

get get

into into

e e

rd s, s, "

e e

s h

ll ll know know

e e Truth

, ,

d d

e e Truth Truth

s h a ll ll

On On th

e e

m ain ain floor floor

th e e 1

,5 00 00

delegates, delegates,

jamm

e d d up up

Southw

t t

High

, , a

nd nd

y mond mond

Brisb

a n e e

r ea

d d

e e ve lour lour across across

th e e stage

, ,

down down

into into

th e e orchestra orchestra

pit. pit.

as as

ey ey

look

ed ed

across across

Kin

gshig

way, way, up up

e e kn o ll ll

to to

ing ing

a t t parad

e e r es

b t efore efore

e e columns

, , th e e pale pale

blu

e e

bane bane

put put

hi s s arms arms

around around

i V lik

e e

Cortil

t's t's

shoulder shoulder

t a

ll ll gold gold

co lumn s, s, th e e 50 50 Un it e d d Nations Nations flag s s stand

Euxm Euxm THE THE O F F LIFE LIFE 135 135 136 THE ELIXIR OF LIFE applauded - 5, 10, 15 minutes! folder on the table, flopped dovvn on the mattress to I saw the whole thing from the back of the main try to get a little sleep . floor. I came in a little late, decided to lean against That sounds like someone ending up in a flop the south wall at the e nd of the aisle. But just as I house, except for this - , hit the wall the little Red Cross usherette h1rned He walked clown the stairs of the Opera House, around, smiled, and said, "Pardon me, you can't shuffled along the street to the adjoining Veteran's ', stand here. Fire ordinance. ' iVould you kindly move Building, walked up the four flights of stairs into the over?" At my height you can take it. I moved over library of the Veteran's Building, threw his hat, his behind the last row and watched the proceedings from coat and his manila folder 0~1 the table around which there; right up to the time Halifax was about to call had sat the five great powers while they argued out on Stettinius. all the final details of the Charter. He 'vvent over to Then I saw a little man come in. H e too, leaned get a couple of hours sleep before he was to receive against the wall. I noticed his overcoat was turned the beautiful blue bound document itself because on up at the collar, his hair was a bit askew, a mole stood that manila folder it read, "Final Charter, Production out high on his right cheek, his eyes behind thick Procedure." glasses were very tired, he clutched in his right hand And the man was Dr. C. Easton Rothwell , the a manila folder and a gray felt hat, and he appeared Executive Secretary to the Conference. The man who a man completely exhausted. started before Dumbarton Oaks to set up the plans H e got a little more rest against the wall than I did for the Conference, the man who had seen it througl1p because just as he hit the wall, Halifax called on Stet all of its legal ramifications, who had seen to the tinius and when Stettinius marched, it was just time final production of the Charter itself. out for the ladies. The little Red Cross usherette just Yet, when all the acclaim was up in front, he was stood there, gaga! Stettinius walked up, got the scroll, the little guy standing in the back of the hall. came back, sat down. The usherette was right back on the job, started talking to the little man, he started W e plan, persuade, preserve; we translate and trans mit information and inspiration to our neighbor nodding his head wearily, I knew what was going ·~o , a nd happen. He came over and stood in front of me. whereas we recognize we can't do everything, never We stood there together while Halifax called for theless that which we can do we should do, and that the vote, rapped his gavel, the delegates voted, the which we should do we determine we will do. visitors cheered and the little man-walked out the Then, "'"e know we can leave it to the dictators and back door. demagogues to despair but you who work with nahue He walked down the stairs of the Opera House, as she unfolds her m ysteries and all who work with shuffled along the s treet, walked up four flights of men and women as they demonstrate their abilities stairs into a little room, where there was just a table, know that it can be truly said - a f ew chairs, a mattress on the floor, an old anny "PRAISE GOD FROiVI vVHOM ALL BLESSINGS blanket. H e threw his hat, his coat and his manila FLOW."

Y o rk , , S e pt e mb 8- e 10 r r , ,

1958. 1958.

condens e d d milk milk to to their their offspring offspring

a O

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A A ' l TA HI ANS, ANS, I Nc . , , a t t New New

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giving giving it it to to th e ir ir childr e n. n. Thos e e who who li ve d d n e ar ar or or

hold hold milk milk in in g 1' e at at a ppr ec iation iation and and mad e e a a point point of of

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und

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sid

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r e ason ason might might w e ll ll hav e e

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bring bring

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e ings ings frown frown upon upon its its us e e and and prob disr ai bl e y y gard gard th e e th fact fact e e h tl1at tl1at e lp lp it it smart smart ex poPt e rs rs from from Europ e e

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that that

although although no no man man For aliv e e e most most has has amon eve r r g g g rown rown th e m m to to is is th man e e fact fact th a t t it it was was pr e s e nt e d d

to to m e n , , throughout throughout the the b e world e e liev . . that that is is s It It e a a v e strange strange ral ral factors factors thing thing hav e e mad e e i t t ath · acti ve. ve.

L e t t us us hav e e a a bu·d ' s s cond eye eye v e i ns e w w e d d of of milk milk what what g row row milk milk to to m e consid ans ans e r a bl e e proportions. proportions. I I

e pr e sent e d d by by the the abili th t y y e e to to d e liv mand mand e e in in for for a a cit sma y . . ll , , low-pric e d d cans cans of of Europ e an an

primitiv e e instincts instincts In In toward toward Asi a, a, for for a a higher higher instan id ce, ce, e al I I , , ha as as ve ve t y in in pically pically m y y own own lif e tim e e s ee n n

which which t o o my my mind mind is is t d h e e e v e ability ability lop e d d in in of of man man p l ac e s s to to w use use h e r e e his his it it is is frown e d d up o n n now. now.

adaptation. adaptation.

is is It It quite quite diff e r Th e nt nt e r e e from from is is no no civilization civilization doubt doubt that that t h e e tas t e e for for mi lk lk c ou l d d b e e

th e ii · · environm e nt nt and and which which rev e al al th e e d e gr e e e of of of of th e e culhue . .

and and

beli

fs fs which which

lp lp

a a

group group

of of

e opl

e e to to

adapt adapt to to th e e tast e e for for it it could could not not d e v e l op, op, and and it it is is not not part part

Culh

e e

in in

turn turn

is is

the the

sum sum

total total

of of th e e techniqu e s s th e i r r bulls . . In In most most plac e s s th e r e e is is no no milk milk so so that that

of of

their their

cu l tur e

. .

f ee d d on on milk milk from from th e ir ir cows cows and and on on blood blood from from

b e e

of of

great great

value value

in in

th e ir ir diets

, , whic

h h is is thus thus a a part part that that ill ill n e ighboring ighboring K e nya nya · the the Masai Masai people people willil1gl y y

littl

e e

good good and and

refuse refuse

to to

consid

e r r oth e rs rs that that would would Uganda ; ; m e n. n. This This is is surprising surprising in in view view of of tl1e tl1e fact fact

Thus

, ,

we we

Rnd Rnd th

at at

peop

l e e acc

e pt pt

foods foods that that do do th em em Tanganyika Tanganyika wom e n n ar e e forbidd e n n to to drink drink it ; ; in in

d e v e lop

d d

tastes tastes

and and

beli

e fs , , and and

to to l ocal ocal availability . . If If w e e turn turn to to Africa , , w e e Rnd Rnd a a vari e d d pich1 r e . . In In

physical physical needs needs s · ee m m

to to

adapt adapt

themslv

e s s t o o cu lh1r all y y f ee lu1g lu1g of of dis g ust. ust.

\Vh

reas reas the y y should should b e e th

e e

governing governing

factors, factors,

e s :ll :ll

oth e r r foods foods which which w e e in in our our own own

culh1r

e e

hav

e e a a

e v e r , , play play a a much much sma

ll e r r

role role th

an an

one one

would would

thi nk. nk.

tasty tasty dishes dishes of of dog dog m e at , , snak e e fil e ts

, , rat rat

roasts roasts

and and

The The physica l l needs

, ,

e e

bodily bodily

e quir e men

t s

, , how

tal e nt nt in in th c e ulinary ulinary arts arts and and know know how how to to

pr e pare pare

foremost foremost detm~ining detm~ining in in

e e daily daily

e n

u s s

of of mank

i nd

. .

tud e e among among p e opl e e who who have have de ve lop

e d d consid

e rab

l e e

cultural cultural

b e li efs efs and and e conomic conomic

conditions

, ,

are are c e rtainl

y y

cow , , which which is is degrading. " " This This

is is a a

su~·prising su~·prising

tti

l oped oped

through through th e e c e nhui

e s s

in in

accordanc

e e

with with

a a cow cow cr e at e s a a s bond bond of of familia l l par

e ntag

e e with with

th e e

forms forms and and climat e, e,

and and

t es

, ,

vvhich vvhich

hav

e e b ee n n

Th e r e e is is a a sayu1g , , " \ Vhomso e v e r r

drinks drinks th

e e

milk milk

of of

Auailibil-it y , , which which in in

hun hun

e p

e nds nds

atl y y

upon upon

land land

milk milk ar e e furth e r r impl e ment e b d y y culh1ral culh1ral

taboos. taboos.

factors factors gov e rn rn

what what

opl

e e at at throughout throughout

e e

wor l d

. .

r e sult sult e v e rywher e e ill ill scarcit y y and and poor poor

quality quality

of of

and and distr 1 bq , t e e who l

som

e e

milk. milk.

A A l arg

e e

numb

e r r of of

b e tans , , and and Hindus . . In In China China all all th e e caus

e s s

which which

vanc e e in in t e chnolog

y y is is to to

assess assess

its its ability ability

to to produc

e e

b y y their their milk milk drinking drinking neighbors , , th e e Mongo

l s , , Ti

I I believe believe that that

a a good good

crit

e rion rion

of of a a

country

' s s ad

in in the the fi e lds . . Th e e Chines e e have have not not b ee n n permeated permeated

catt l e, e, they they do , , but but th ey ey tl~ e m m us e e chi e fl y y for for labor labor

South e ast ast Asia. Asia. is is It It not not that that

e e Chin e

s e e hav e e no no wholesome wholesome milk . .

trongl

y y p

e n

trat

e s s

e e surrounding surrounding

countri various various e countries countries s s of of by by the the ability ability of of th e e local local cu l ture ture to to produce produce

are are

discussed istic istic . . One One of of th can can e e Chin gauge gauge e s the the e e civilization degree degree of of advancement advancement , , which , , a of of s s you you th e e know , ,

the the most most

important important

populated populated

areas areas

of of the the

world, world, these these statement

s s Cont e mpt mpt for for milk milk is is an an almost almost e ssential ssential charact e r

and and in in most most parts parts of of the the world world

are are not not even even considered. considered. In In a a review review of of

tion. tion.

tradition, tradition, then then comes comes availability . . The The bodily bodily needs needs

come come last

, ,

produc

e d d

without without

the the proper proper

t e chniqu

e s s part part and and of of p r a a otec peopl e' s s diet . . Most Most important important among among these these factors factors is is

There There are are th at at many many it it caus factors factors e s s dis governing governing e as e, e, whether whether which which or or it it v not not e r y y milk milk w e will will ll ll may may b e e do, do, if if

worms worms to to chi ldr e n , , oth e rs , , lik e e the the Singha l e s e, e, b e li e v e e

Am e rican rican G e o g raph-i c al al Soci e ty , , N e Yorlc Yorlc w w

JACQUES JACQUES M . . MAY MAY

THE THE GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY OF OF MILK MILK

1 1 137 137 138 TI-lE GEOGHAPH Y OF ~ ifrLK

pancakes or on European bread. A spread of this cause such is expensive and there is little foreign kind could be a tremendous help against human star currency with which to buy it. Local industry c annot vation. ··· I as yet fill the need. The a nimal fertilizer which is Starvation in many places takes the form of "Kwas. us ed c annot return to the land much more than !:it , received from it and, therefore, is o.f little value. ,, hiorkor" an African word meaning "little red boy". ' In vast areas, the weaning of the children occurs a This problem of competition between food and animal round the age of two, because this usually coincides crops is not new, nor is it peculiar to India. Until with the time when a new baby is born in the family very recently it existed in Europe, where c attle were and requires most of its mother's milk. From one day considered a necessary evil. It on'ly has b een in the sec to the next the child is fed a diet of carbohydrates, ond half of the last century that Europeans a nd chiefly manioc, which is poor in protein and, of Americans have advanced their agricultural techno!. course, completely devoid of animal protein. As a ogy to the point where these two do not compete. result, a nutritional disease due to lack of animal In India the problem is to s queeze as much milk protein, called Kwashiorkor, is widespread. The as possible from the poorest fed, illest bred, animals child loses its pep and energy, falls into apathy and in the world. This daily fight for milk is pathetic. and slumber, loses the pigments of its skin and of The c alf, of course, has to be taken away from the its hair, which ·becomes silky and brittle, and takes a cow, lest he drink everything there is. As he cannot reddish hue which has given the disease its name. be killed, he is left to fend for himself, sometimes If nothing is done the child dies. If not enough is in the jungle, sometimes in the s un. Naturally the done the child may survive for a num ber of years mother cow is not cooperative, and won't yield her ·' but its chances of succum:bing to fatty infiltration of milk unless she sees h er young. H ence, this typical the liver when h e reaches adolescence, or perhaps, Indian street scene which I still see in my memory: as some believe, of primary cancer of the liver when the milkman going from door to door with his one he gets to his t\venties or thirties, a re considerable. legged stool and the likeness of a calf, consisting This disease, although designated by different local of a motheaten calf's head, stuffed with straw names, is found in India, China, Indonesia, South mounted on a piece of wood. This he would plant America, Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean ~n the g round in front of the c ow for her to lick a s f Islands. he drained h er of a few ounces of watery milk, which he sold to his customers. To treat this disease is very simple: feed these children skinuned milk. If this is done in sufficient In Indonesia, the people like milk but they, like amounts and for a long enough period of time the the Indians, and for similar reasons, have not enough disease is c m'ed. Thus, in the most important star to go around. They import milk and cream from vation aTeas of the 'world, Asia, Africa, and South abroad in spite of their lack of foreign currencies. America, milk · can · open the way to health and well Approximately $5,000,000 worth were imported in being. Other than these countries and societies where 1956. milk is held in contempt, there are places where it is In other countries herds of cattle are not valued liked, but where local factors make it so scarce that for their milk, although they are valued for their the taste cannot be developed and the benefits from meat. This applies chiefly to tl1e herdsmen of trop its consumption cannot be e njoyed. ical Africa, especially in the Chad region, in :1-,rlada India presents the most interesting problem of gascar, and among the Pettis o.f French ·w est Africa. them all. Its· people a re starved, they like milk, they There, milk has become a valuable product onl:,r hav:e the g reatest herd of cattle in the world; yet milk since these populations have had contact with Euro is not available. The reasons for this situation can be peans. However, if they have learned that they could better understood if we study culture. There the c ow sell this milk, or on occasions even drink it, in most is a sacred animal vvhich cannot be killed. Thus a cases they h ave not yet learned how to produce large proportion of the herd is made up of old cows clean palatable milk. that have' long ago outlived their ability to reproduce Milking a c ow is q uite a job i n H.uanda-Urundi. and, hence, to give milk. Yet the food they eke out Only men can milk cows, and when I say men, I from the meager pastures d eprives productive cows mean several men. One holds the calf, another one of much needed nutlients. 1pampers the cow, the third chases the flies avvay and The severe competition between animal crops and the fourth tries to s queeze a few drops of milk from human crops makes itself felt to the point where the the beast's mpty udders. In the Chad region the f ) cattle are as starved as the people There is ahnost no milk is thought to keep longer if tl1e c ontainer i s chemical fertilizer to give production a boost, be. previously washed with cow's urine and then smoked.

though though it it is is not not cow 's 's . milk , , th e e tast e e for for th e e b eve r - a a b eve r age age fit fit onl y y for for infants infants or or invalid s. s. In In m a n y y

and and f ee d d on on its its milk. milk. m I en tion tion thi s, s, b eca u se , , a L L s hoppin g g at at th e e apothecary's apothecary's shop, shop, since since milk milk was was

African African d ese rts rts can can go go as as f a r r as as th ei r r camel camel can can go , , th e e secon d d .lar ges t t produ cer cer of of butt e r r in in Europe, Europe, went went

Beduins, Beduins, and and in in general general th e e va rious rious trib es es livin g g in in who who wa nt e d d milk milk in in ce rt ain ain regions regions of of France , , n ow ow

tl-i ~ ~ danger danger of of d y ing ing from from thirst. thirst. read read ili Th a t t e e up up Tuar to to eg th e e , , middle middle th e e of of th

e e last last ce nhu y y people people

th e e f ac t t that that for for many many of of th e m m I I it it am am means means sure sure that that r e li ef ef most most fro m m of of u s s wo uld uld b s e urpri sed sed t o o

I I

,. ,.

a a gen uin e e fondn ess ess for for milk , , probabl e y nl1an ced ced b y y was was not not eq uipp ed ed for for th e e production production of of milk. milk.

in in th e e d ese rts rts of of Asia Asia and and Africa , , w e e find find p e opl e e with with ca ttl e e industr w y hich hich prevai l e b d e lo w w th e e b o rd er er

If If we we turn turn now now to to th e e nomadic nomadic p e opl e e who who li ve ve tb a t t eve n n at at thi s s r ec e nt nt dat e, e, th e e rath e r r primitive primitive

this this cow cow carried carried b e t\ ¥een ¥een h e r r hind hind l eg s. s. quantities quantities · to to m ee t t their their own own n ee d s, s, which which shows shows

of of fl es h , , which which for for som e e r e ason ason b es t t known known to to h e rs e lf , , co nd e n se d d milk milk from from th e e United United St a t es es in in l arge · ·

of of milk milk could could hav e e b ee n n squeezed squeezed from from th e e flat flat ba g g Woikoef , , vvealthy vvealthy Mexican Mexican ran c h h O \". ' n e rs rs pur c has ed ed

to to k ~ ~ p p ee it it qui e t t a nd nd eve n n th e n I I n doubt doubt if if f ew ew ounc es es was was a a slow slow proc ess, ess, how 187 187 eve r . . In In 4, 4, as as not e d d by by

c u a drill a a and and a a matador matador would would have have b ee n n needed needed isol a t e d d com muniti es es acquired acquired th e e taste taste for for milk. milk. This This

been been milk e d d and and th a t t it it never never would would b e. e. A A full full o r s s introduc e d d dom es c c ti bovin es es and and ovines, ovines, some some

to to m c y ompound , , it it was was obvious obvious that that it it had had never never s inc e e no no ca ttl e e were were reared. reared. After After European European conq u e r

had had b ee n n ascertained ascertained b ec aus e e when when th e e animal animal came came drunk drunk in in th e e pr e -Columbian -Columbian Western Western H em i sp h e r e , ,

co ndition . . I I do do not not kno w w h ow ow this this quantativ e e dat a a za tion tion came, came, namely, namely, Western Western Europe? Europe? No No milk milk was was

quarts quarts of of milk milk a a day day and and to to be be in in fairly fairly h ea lth y y co unh· y y and and th c e ountri es es from from wh e nc e e our our civ ili

on on a,n a,n anima l l which which was was r e put e d d to to yie ld ld up up to to two two ti es es to to m ee t t th e e d e m a nd. nd. But But what what a bout bout our our own own

wi th th d e rmatitis. rmatitis. Finally , , I I succeeded succeeded in in getting getting a a tip tip apprecia t e d , , it it was was not not produc e d d in in suffici e nt nt quanti

on l y y on e, e, th e e oth e rs rs b e ing ing e ith e r r atrophied atrophied or or covered covered was was not not appr ec iat e d , , and and r eg ions ions where, where, a lth ough ough

w ith ith thr ee ee t ea ts , , but but most most of of th e m m had had two , , and and some some So So far far I I have have mentioned mentioned many many places places where where milk milk

it it might might b e e possi'ble , , with with lu c k , , to to find find f a ew ew animals animals

of of tltick , , creamy creamy milk. milk.

on on th ei r r milking milking parts. parts. Out Out of of a a h e rd rd of of 60 , 000 000 h ead , ,

in in a a wooden wooden container. container. Each Each milking milking y i e ld a c a s upful upful

o f f th e e cows cows were were s ick ick and and some some had had v isibl e e l es ion s s

Th en , , th e e women women mi lk s s it it quickly, quickly, collecting collecting th e e milk milk

t ea t s s and and a a full full udd e r I I r had had b e tt e r r forg

t t it. it.

Mos

t t

th e e ant l e rs rs and and af t er er a a fight fight usually usually es es ti it it do wn . .

if if w I a nt e d d anything anything r esem bling bling a a cow cow

with with

four four

th e ir ir t a l e nt s . . Th e e man man l assoes assoes th e e animal animal around around

ce ss ss of of my my en t e rpris e e and and told told m e e point point blank blank that that

probl e m. m. J.t J.t is is don e e b y a a y man man and and a a women women combining combining

Offic e r r of of th e e Island. Island. He He was was dubious dubious as as

to to

e e suc

th e e r e ind ee r r find find food . . Th e r e e too, too, milking milking is is a a

ord e r r to to do do this this I I consu lt ed ed th e e Chief Chief

t e rin

a r y y

d ee r r go, go, which which m ea n s s that that th ey ey are are found found where where

pric e e that that th

ey ey

and and

buy buy

myself myself

a a

cow

~e tch

. . In In e

d , ,

tropical tropical climat e s , , th e s e e p eo pl e e go go as as far far as as th e ir ir r e in

littl e . . In In th e e

end, end,

d I

id e

d d

to to

pay pay

e e

very very

l a r ge ge

from from tl1 e e r e ind ee r r an d d lik e e th e ir ir broth e rs rs of of th e e sub

m e rcial rcial e nt

e rpri

se se

int e

e d d

to to mak e e

much much

out out

of of

fring es es of of th e e northern northern ocean. ocean. Th e r e e milk milk comes comes

was was not not difficult difficult

to to

tr ace ace

th is is polution polution

to to some some

com

th e e food food plannin g g of of many many p eop l e e livin g g on on th e e

as as much much of of th

e e

sam

e e in in

e e

l oca l l

wat

s r

t em , ,

it it

In In th e e north , , we we find find aga in in th a t t milk milk is is foremost foremost in in

fecal fecal matte1 '-.. '-.. p e r r lit e r. r. Sinc e e th e re re was was about about twic e e

quired quired to to brin g g th e e milk milk to to th e e consumers. consumers.

to to find find th at at it it co ntain e d d mor e e than than 4 4 milligram s s of of

tur e s s a nd nd that that co mpli ca t e d d tr a d e e ex chang es es a r e e r e

I I brought brought som e e t o o my my l aboratory aboratory and and was was int e r es t e d d

products products in in spite spite of of th e e fact fact that that ther e e are are no no pas

of t e n n it it curdled curdled b e for to to e e it it got got a a boil. boil. Then , , on e e d ay ay

p eo pl e e hav e e pr ese r ve d d th e e tast e e for for milk milk a nd nd milk milk

to to boil boil it it th e e minut e e it it got got into into th e e kitch en en and and very very

ous ous imag e s. s. In In cer t ain ain cases, cases, th e e Chin e s e e Turk es tan tan

c ur e e littl e e island island which which I I w ill ill not not name , , but but you you had had

m o d e lin g g mat e rial rial from from which which th ey ey scu lptur e e r e li g i

Th e r e e was was some some milk milk so ld ld in in th e e mark e ts ts of of an an obs

in in lamps . . In In ce rtain rtain instanc es , , it it is is even even used used as as a a

I I will will always always r e m e mb e m r y y days days . in in th e e \ 1\Test 1\Test Indi es. es.

faces faces to to prot ec t t th e ir ir s kin kin from from th e e fr eez in g g wind, wind, or or

or or

breakfast? breakfast?

u ses ses for for butt e r , , putting putting it it o n n th e ir ir hair , , or or on on th ei r r

j ewe

l l or or any any valuable valuable e l eme nt nt of of capi tal tal for for lunch lunch th e e latt e r r th ey ey put put in in t ea. ea. Th ey ey also also h ave ave practical practical

wl1o wl1o

would would

think think

of of frying frying

a a

defense defense

bond bond or or a a go ld e n n fresh fresh or or c urdl e d , , in in c h eese eese or or butt e r ; ; in in Tibet Tibet

ey ey

prefer prefer

rum. rum.

Th ey ey

cannot cannot

afford afford

m e at at b eca us e e As i a, a, Mo ngol ngol a nd nd Tib e tans tans u se se milk milk in in various various ways; ways;

lik

e e

milk

; ; for for

some some r easo n n which which I I cannot cannot und e rstand , , to to th e e aridity aridity of of th e e n v ironm en t. t. In In th e e d ese rt s s of of

interes t ed ed neith e r r in in milk milk nor nor in in m ea • t. t. The y y do do not not th ese ese a r eas eas b eca us e e th a e nimals nimals produc e e so so littl e, e, du e e

In In th e e W e st st Indi es es ca ttl e e are are curr e ncy. ncy. P eo pl e e ar e e milk milk has has not not b ecome ecome a a stap l e e it e m m of of th e e di e t t in in

fermen t e d d beverage s s an an unfair unfair advantag e . . appreciate appreciate good good nutritious nutritious milk. milk. As As i t t stands stands now , ,

b e r r of of germs, germs, but but at at th e e pric e e of of a a tast e e which which gives gives to to improve improve it it would would not not b e e difficult difficult to to mak e e th em em

TI1is TI1is proc e dur e, e, of of co urs e, e, ma y y d es tro y y quit e e a a num age age is is hi g hl y y d eve lop e d. d. If If eco nomic nomic conditions conditions were were

" "

., ., OF OF 139 139 'I'HE 'I'HE GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY MILK MILK 140 THE GEOGHAPHY OF iVhLK

parts of the rural areas there was the same sort of Beginning with our own country, a vast cattle disgust for milk which we have described in China. land covers three-quarters o£ the United States' area However, a combination of factors led to the applica -from the eastern border o·f California to the eastern tion of the dairy technology of western civilization. border of the Atlantic states and from Canada': to , It is hard to tell how these factors combined in time or Texas. Cattle raising is also undertaken on a very . , even which was the most powerful. Like everything large scale in South America, especially in Argentina, i A' else in life and history, it just happened because the Uruguay, and Paraguay. H erds of cattle are also I time was ripe. found in Brazil, in the fertile Magdalena Valley of Science demonstrated the nutritional value of milk. Colombia, in Venezuela, in 'Peru, and in Bolivia. It discovered that, speaking in terms of pastures In Europe the g reat cattle regions are Ireland, the of average quality, ten units of feed produced si x south of England, a certain part of France, Switzer thousand calories in nine quarts of milk, but only land, Germany_. D enmark, Hungary, and Rum,mia. a thousand calories in one kilo and a half of live Herds are a lso found in the Balkans, Italy, Portugal, ·beef; and that yield in useful animal proteins is about and Spain. twice as great in milk as in beef for the same quantity. \iVe lack details on the present situation of the Then it was found that a market existed in the cattle indush·y in Asiatic Russia but there seems to rapidly growing industrial towns which aro s ~ out be no doubt that vast herds of cattle extend deep into of the industrial revolution of the last century. Then Asia. In Africa the distribution of cattle is patchy. the science of increasing the yield of an acre of land There is some cattle industry in north Africa and it ·' by rotating crops and a'Pplying well prep:ued ferti is found in h·opical Africa in areas where the tsetse .' lizers established itself and replaced custom and tra fl y is not found. In Asia, India and Pakistan own dition. Genetics and medicine taught the western bet\:veen them the greatest herd of cattle although man how to develop milk-yielding cows from breeds perhaps the least productive. Some are found in •of cows and bulls carefully selected for that purpose. China, and there are large cattle regions in Australia • At the same time the science of bacteriology and im and New Zealand. munology taught how to protect these animals against \ iV hile the absolute number of cattle in a region diseases of all kinds. may be important, of more signi£cance is the ratio In the line of production and distribution. the of cattle to the population, as contrasted with the per capture of energy, the nevv fuels, the better understand capita milk consumption. The ratio of cattle to people ing of the use of steel and of glass, even of paper, the ranges from 4.5 animals per capita in South Wes t science of refrigeration, the huge development of Africa to 0.005 in Hong Kong, where 5,000 people fast, cheap and frequent means of transportation must share one animal. The United States ranks 18th all this resulted in a considerable increase in the out in this respect, with not quite one animal per p erson. put of the animals, in a development of the taste, and Among the top-ranking countries we find Uruguay, in the marketing of the product which brought the 1 ew Zealand, and Argentina; also South \iVest Africa situation in Europe and America to th e point where and Bechuanaland. If we compare these findings it is today. If we add to this, excellent recipes of all with tl1ose based on the avaiHbility of milk, we see sorts which s erve to introduce milk in appetizing that, the United States ranks fifth among the milk dishes and fmmula ~ , and if we understand that this drinking nations of the world, with Iceland heading is the result of a combination of effort of scientists the list. Tanganyika, on the other hand, has a rather in every discipline and of historical factors, such as high ratio of cattle to people-more tl1an 1 animal per the ones I ha\;e just tried to describe, I am sure no person; yet, there are only a few ounces of milk avail one will dispute my initial premise that the degree a·ble per day for those who care to drink it. This is of advancement of a given country on the road t o not surprising in vievv of the low production per civilization can best be measured b y its ability to pro cow. duce large quantities of wholesome milk and milk Let- us now consider present human diets through products. out the world and the part which milk could play in Tow that we have had a bil·d's eye view of wlnt 1 changing these starvation diets into adequate diets. can perhaps call the "geography of milk", I would In the vVestern H emisphere; only five counh·ies and like to integrate tllis in quantitative terms, if possible, a small p art of a sixth can boast of having adequate into the general picture of human diets . I hope this diets. vVe must not forget that starvation can occur will give a better idea of what the needs for milk are in various ways. \iVe can eat enough to supply us in the world, and how and in what quantities they with energy, but not the kind of foods that would could be met. protect us against gradual decay of our tissues. \Ne

13 "9 , ,

inc ub ated ated at at 32 ° C. C.

Agr i c ultm a ] ] Exp e riment riment

Station Station as as Journ

a l l S e

e s s Paper Paper

No. No.

and and

t empe

r a

tur e e

not

ed . .

a t

es es

for for

tot a l l co

unts unts

were were

' ' Publis

· h ecl ecl with with

the the

app r ova l l of of

th e e Director Director

of of

e e Purdu

e e

according according to to Standard Standard Methods Methods ( ( 1 and and ), ), th e e flavor flavor

co nt e nt nt (total, (total, coliform , , and and psy c hrophili c c bact e ria ) )

days days at at 45 ° F. F. Each Each sample sample was was analyzed analyzed

foi: foi:

b ac t e rial rial

c'l th e r r distributors. distributors. . . . .

was was analyzed analyzed imm

diately

, , the the

other other

after after

stora

. ge ge

for for

3 3

s e ,l e ct e d d for for study study was was served served b y y I I thr ee ee l ocal ocal and and

four four

for for 5 5 clays clays I , , a t t 45

F . . On

e e samp

l e e from from

th e e r e tail tail store store

l a tion tion and and flavor flavor of of pasteurized pasteurized milk. milk. Th e e market market

filler filler was was ana l yze

d d

imm

diat

e l y, y, th e e oth e

r r a ft e r r

storage storage

e ff ec t t of of the the distribution distribution system system on on th e e ba c t e rial rial popu

tail tail stor e e 24 24 hours hours

after after

d e liv

e ry. ry. On e e sample sample

from from

th e e

ecl ecl h e r e e was was conducted conducted to to obtain obtain information information on on th e e

s :: nnpl es es were were tak

e n n at at

e e filler filler and and

also also

from from

th e e

r e

flavor flavor qua es es liti are are ne~t ne~t so so num e rous . . Th e e study study r ep

: n t

were were collected collected

monthl

y y over over a a

one

ye ar ar

p e riod

. .

Two Two

cla y y marketing marketing sys t e ms ms on on th e e bact e riolo g ical ical and and

24 24 hours hours a ft e d r

e liv

e r y y

to to

th e e

r e t a

il e

r. r. The The

samples samples

i zed zed milk , , but but data data co ncernin g g th e e ffect ffect of of pr esen t

tim e e of of bottling

, ,

when when

e liv e red red

to to th

e e r e tail

e r

, , and and

b ac t eria l l content content and and g rowth rowth of of bact e ria ria in in past

e ur

Samp l es es were were collected collected

from from

each each distributor distributor

at at th

e e

mor e. e. Considerab l e e data data ( ( 4, 4, are are 5) 5) available available on on

e e

lo ca l l and and th e e l a tt er er

as as

outer

-m arket arket

distributors. distributors.

mon mon int e rval rval is is 72 72 to to 96 96 hours hours and and frequently frequently

it it

is is

radiu s s of of this this area. area. The The

form

e r r will will

b e e

r e

f e rr e

d d

to to

as as

ti on on of of milk milk was was 48 48 hours , , or or l e ss . . At At pr ese nt , , th e e

com

th e e urban urban a r ea ea and and th

e e other other

four four within within

a a

150-mil

e e

ago, ago, th e e usual usual tim e e b e tw ee n n proc ess i ng ng and and

consump

in in Indiana. Indiana. Thr ee ee of of th e e distributors distributors

processed processed

vvithin vvithin

tw ee n n past e uri za tion tion and and consumpt i on. on. S

eve ral ral

yea r

s s

seven seven whol esa l e e distributors distributors

supplying supplying

an an

urban urban

area area

Th ~ ~ basis basis for for such such criticism criticism is is th e e tim

e e int

e rval rval

Th e e milk milk u se d d in in this this study study was was

obtained obtained

from from

h ave ave b een een criticized criticized for for imp a iring iring th e e quality quality of of milk. milk.

I vlilk vlilk

distribution distribution

systems systems in in us a e t t th e e pr ese nt nt time time METHODS METHODS AND AND PRO CEDURES CEDURES

( R ece i v e d d fo r r P ub l i cat i o n n Octob e r r 18 , , Hl58) Hl58)

Dairy Dairy D e paTtm. e nt , , Purdu e e U ni ve r sit y y

H. H. F . . J. J. FORD FORD A l l D D F. F. BABEL BABEL

MILK MILK QUALITY QUALITY PROBLEMS PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED ASSOCIATED

WITH WITH PRESENT-DAY PRESENT-DAY MARKETING

1 1

Tib

e t t

nd nd

th e e $sh-eating $sh-eating p eop l e e of of Cambodia Cambodia milk milk a nd nd for for eve r y y hum a b n e ing ing eve r y y cla y, y, eve rywh e r e. e.

Nepa

l , , and and

ex cludin g g tl1 e e butt e r- ea tin g g p eo pl e e the the of of p eo pl e e of of this this co untry , , but but a lso lso two two quarts quarts of of

Asia, Asia,

exce

pt pt for for the the f e rtil e e va ll eys eys of of Kashmir , , in in and and every every garage , , as as one one great great Am e rican rican dream e d d for for

e opl e e

in in vast vast areas areas do do not not r e ali ze ze th e ir ir hun ge r. r. modestly modestly In In dr ea m e d d for for his his p eo pl e , , not not only only two two cars cars

Howev

r , , clue clue

to to

tl1 e e ex t e nsi ve ve consumption consumption of of manioc , , eve ry ry Sunday, Sunday, as as th e e good good King King H e nry nry IV IV of of Franc e e

t ota

l l

or or

partial partial starvation starvation is is th e e rul e e throu g hout eve r . . yone yone will will hav e e not not only only on e e chicken chicken in in th e e pot pot

that that

Russia Russia includ es es vast vast areas areas of of famin e. e. In In Africa Africa is is my my It It hop e e that that th e r e e will will come come a a clay clay when when

garding garding Russia

, , but but

th e r e e

is is

good good

r e ason ason to to b

e li e v e e co uld uld be be mad e e in in our our distribution distribution system. system.

r eg ions ions exce

pt pt

Gre

ece

. . \ i\Te i\Te

hav

e e no no r e

liabl e e

data data

r e

b e e clon e. e. In In th e e western western world world g reat reat impro veme nt nt

in in Spain, Spain, Portugal

, , Eastern Eastern

e rmany

, , and and

e e

Balkan Balkan

a r y y and and m e di ca l l science science is is n ee d e b d efo r e e much much can can

In In Europ

e e th e e total total

or or parti a

l l starvation starvation

areas areas

occur occur

econom ic ic solution. solution. In In Africa Africa great great advances advances in in veterin

going. going.

it it would would r e quire quire an an ag ricultural, ricultural, socia l , , indusb·ia l , , and and

th e

ms e l ves ves with with e nough nough combustion combustion mat e rial rial before before to to keep keep an an agricultural agricultural and and industri a l l one. one. In In India , ,

starvation starvation clu e e to to th e e fact fact that that th ey ey m a nag quate quate e e to to milk milk fill fill supply supply would would demand demand a a cu ltur al al solution solution

s tarv

e e outright , , or or th ey ey hav e e a a little little repri In In e ve ve areas areas from from of of Chinese Chinese influ e nc e e th e e probl e m m of of a n n ade

th e e

r es t t of of th e e \ i\Testern i\Testern H e misph e r e e e ith e r r people people tion tion va ri es es considerable considerable from from one one pla ce ce to to another. another.

tina tina

ar e e adequate l y y fed fed on on both both kinds kinds of of food . . But But ing ing in in people people how how to to produc e e th e ir ir own own milk. milk. Th e e sihw

in in

Colombia

, , Uruguay, Uruguay, and and th e e greater greater part part of of Argen Th e r e e is is no no single single so luti on on o th to e e probl e m m of of t eac h

Canada, Canada,

th e e United United

Stat es, es,

e e

Magdalena Magdalena Valley Valley unrest unrest or or politioal politioal a p a th y. y.

e l e ments ments

in in

concenb·ated concenb·ated amounts. amounts. starving. starving. This This situation situation br ee ds ds dis ease ease and and p o litical litical

a a

food food

which which

contains contains

e n e r gy gy va lu e e and and prot ec ti ve ve adequately adequately fed, fed, but but most most of of th e e other other islands islands ar e e

protectiv

e . .

k k is is

-th

e e b e st st examp l e e w e e can can give give of of we we find find that that Ausb·a l ia ia and and New New Z ea l and and a r e e mor e e th an an

can can also also be be

starved starved

on on both both counts-energetic counts-energetic

and and Siam , , s t a r va tion tion is is total total and and widespread. widespread. In In O cea nia , ,

THE THE OF OF G EOGRAPHY EOGRAPHY MILK MILK 141 141 14~ J\l!rLK QuALITY PROBLEMS

TABLE 1 - BACTEHIAL ANALYSES oF MILK CoLLECTED FROM SEVEN PRocEssoRs UNDER TYPICAL DISTRIBUTION CoNDITIONS

AND FoLLOWING STORAGE UNDER CoNTROLLED CoNDITIONs

P er cent of sampl es P e t· ce nt of samples with pl ate with coliform counts P e r cent of sa mpl es with ps ychrophilic , * counts (per ml) i.n t·a nge of: (pe r ml) in range of: co un t s (per ml) in range o f: ' , '0 g ~ ~ So nrce co 0 IO,COO .lO.OOO 10 100 100 10,000 Sample E ~ to to > < to to > < to to 10 > E~ < f/1 ell 10.000 30 . 0~0 100.000 100 .000 10 I 00 1000 1000 100 10.000 100,000 100,000 ------=-L- 12 0--0-::---- 0 70 30 0 0 88 85 15 0 0 0 O!vl 0 59 37 2 2 96 4 0 0 80 18 ' 2 0 0 Off Fi ll er L 5 18 12 27 ·13 46 12 21 21 18 21 18 42 17 20 41 OM 5 17 20 15 48 54 2:J6 o 4 --22o-- 22 7o- 3o--o___ o ____ o Foll owing 0 64 27 6 3 94 deli very to OlVI 0 64 27 9 () 91 9 0 0 80 16 4 0 0 retail er L o 72 19--9---_,o=----::-:97=--- o 3- _ o___ 6 _3 - 34 3 0 0 24 lm. after c ~v r 0 64 25 7 4 91 5 4 0 66 23 11 0 0 deli very to retailer L 3 23 10 20 47 47 13 27 13 7 46 10 37 OM 3 22 20 15 43 60 15 7 18 20 30 12 3S -~~-~-~~--~-~~-~~------0 L = Local. O:vl = Outer i'd arket

After the above mentioned t ests were completed, mi. , when fresh. Forty-three per cent of the mil~ .' line-run tests were made in the plants of the seven samples with initial counts >10,000 per ml. and 47% of processors each month for one year. Duplicate samples the samples with initial counts <10,000 per ml. had were collected at the pasteurizer, cooler, the surge plate counts >100,000 per ml. after storage for 5 days tank supplying the filler, and bottler. One set of at 45°F. samples was analyzed immediately and the other aft The flavor scores of milk obtained from local and er storage for 5 clays at 45 °F. outer-market processors when fresh, and after holding for 3, 5, and 7 days at 45 °F. are given in Table 2. Ini R ESULTS tially, more of the milk from outer-market processors The distribution of total, coliform and psychrophilic had flavor scores greater than 36.5 in comparison to counts on milk obtained at the filler (bottled milk ), at milk processed locally. After stor;age at 45 °F . for 3 the time of delivery to the retailer, and 24 hours after and 5 days, the flavor of milk from local processors delivery to the retailer is given in Table 1. At the t ;me was superior but after 7 days the flavor scores of milk of bottling, milk processed locally had somewhat low from outer-market processors were greater. There was er total and psychrophilic counts but higher coliform a gradual decrease in flavor score with storage at 45°F. counts than milk processed outside the market. How After storage for 7 days at 45°F., flavor scores in ever, after storage for 5 days , there was little differ the range of 35 to 36.5 were given 'to 33% of the ence between samples processed within and outside samples having psychrophiles in 1 ml. when fresh, and the market. 11he longer b·ansportation distance of to 42% of rhe samples having no psychrophiles in 1 outer-market processors had little e ffect on bacterial ml. when fresh. counts as shown by analyses made at the time of de Table 3 shows the temperature range of milk ob livery to the retailer and 24 hours after such deliveq. tained at the filler, at the time of delivery to th e re Bacterial growth in samples held in retail channels tailer, and after holding 24 hours in the retail store. for 24 hours was not excessive-but further holding at Milk bottled by local processors was warmer at the 45 °F . resulted in marked increases in total, colifonn, and psychrophilic bacteria. TABLE 2 - FLA VOH •SCOHES OF .MILK FRmvr SEVEN PROCESSORS Seventy-three per cent of the samples of freshly VAr.rous PmuoDs OF STOHAGE AT 4.5 ' F. AFTER ______.. ______bottled milk which contained psychrophiles in 1 ml. Loc:d Processor Outer i\l'arket Pr oce~so r had plate counts >100,000 per ml. after storage for lll sco :· es in R a nge of P e r <: e nt of scores P t< r cent of after 5 days at 45°F .; 39% of the samples in which no psy flavor t·an ge in ci ica te d a He r ra n g e in dicated for : stora g- e for: chrophiles were detected in 1 mi. had counts >100,000 scores s torage da ys ~ i days 7 days 0 da ys 3 days 5 days 7 days per ml. after storage for 5 days at 45°F. 0 days >2-6.5 30 12, 7 0 3.5 7 4 () >100,000 per ml . after stor Standard plate counts 35.0-36.5 64 82 83 40 56 80 74 63 age for 5 days at 45°F. were noted in 53% of the 33.0 -· 3L\.5 6 6 10 18 9 13 15 ;.9 samples having >1 coliform per mi., when fresh , in 30.0-32.5 0 0 0 9 0 0 7 7 comparison to 43% of the samples with <1 coliform per <30.0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 ll

" L L - l oc nl ; ; Of v l l - o ut e r - m a rk e t t

5 5 (4 S • F ) ) 8 8 Otvl Otvl 1 3 3 7 9 9 71 71 8 8 2 1 1 0 0 3 1 1 3 9 9 3 0 0

L L 5(45 • F) F) 17 17 33 33 5 0 0 77 77 17 17 6 6 0 0 34 34 33 33 33 33

milk milk

5 5 ( 40 • F) F) O l VJ VJ 2 1 1 21 21 58 58 7 5 4 4 5 2 1 1 0 0 35 35

4 3 3 2 2 2

B o ttl P cl cl

I. I. 5(4 0 • F) F) 28 28 33 33 39 39 17 17 6 6 77 77 0 0 33 33 2 2 2 4 .5 .5

0 0

O l v ! ! 5 0 0 21 21 1 3 3 8 8 29 29 7 9 9 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0

L L

55 55 1 7 7

72 72 22 22 6 6 2 8 8 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0

I I

5 (4 5 • F ) ) O ~v 1 ! ! 8 8 2 3 3 88 88 6 6 6 6 59 59 0 0 ' 44 44 ' 44 44 1 2 2

5 5

(4 5 • F ) ) L L 3 1 1 19 19 83 83 0 0 17 17 5 0 0 0 0 4 7 7 24 24 29 29

! !

s uppl y y t a nk nk

5 ( 40 " F ) )

0 \ ' [ [ 1 8 8 29 29

9 4 4 6 6

53 53 0 0 0 0

50 50 33 33 16 16 ~ ~

I I

F r o m m bo tt l e r r

5(4 0 • F ) ) L L

5 0 0 89 89 2 5 5 0 0 11 11

0 0 59 59 _ o o 23 23

18 18

') ~ ~

0 0

0M 0M 41 41 24 24 6 6 0 0 35 35 9 4 4 94 94 0 0 6 6 0 0

0 0

L L 50 50 19 19 90 90 10 10 0 0 3 1 1 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 (4 5 • F ) ) O l v! v! 4 7 7 2 4 4 100 100 0 0 29 29 0 0 0 0 6 3 3 3 1 1 6 6

L L 5 (4 v • F ) ) 5 6 6 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 22 22 0 0 10 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0

c oolin g g

5 ( 4 0 • F ) ) OM OM 29 29 42 42 88 88 1 2 2 29 29 0 0 0 0 8 2 2 12 12

6 6

AFt e r r

. 5 5 ( ( 4 0 • F ) ) L L 83 83 6 6 94 94 6 6 0 0 0 0 ll ll 8 9 9 ll ll n n

0 0

0 1 v ! ! 35 35 35 35

0 0 3 0 0 100 100 0 0 1 00 00 0 0 0 0

() ()

0 0

L L 5 6 6 17 17 0 0 0 0 27 27 100 100 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 (4 5 • F ) ) 0 1v ! ! 4 1 1 1 8 8 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 100 100 8 1 1 1 3 3 6 6

L L 72 72 5 ( 45 • F ) ) 17 17

0 0 0 0 10 0 0 ll ll 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 t e uri z in g g

a ft e r r p as - OM OM 5 (4 0 • F) F)

4 7 7 2 4 4 2 9 9 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 9 <1 <1 0 0 6 6

' '

Imm e diat e l y y L L 5 5 ( ( 4 00F ) ) 83 83 11 11 6 6 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0

0 0 OM OM 53 53 2 4 4 2 3 3 100 100 0 0 0 0 9 4 4 7 7 0 0 0 0

0 0 L L

67 67 11 11 22 22 100 100 0 0 100 100 0 0

0 0 0 0 f) f)

<-~loco <-~loco < I I d ay s s I O,O a 10. 000 000 · ~a m p l es es

> s :t I O O m p l e e < I I

I - I ~ ~ 1-1 00 00 !O, OaJC . 0~1 0~1

So u r ce ce o f f S t orage orage

o f f t o o to to

So ur ce ce 5 . 000 000 10 1 1

i n n

t ·a. n g e e o f : : i r n a n g e e of : : p h i li c c co un t s s in in (pe r r mi. ) ) r a n g o e f: f:

r > l a t e e c o u nt s s co li f o rm rm (pe r r co un t s s m i. ) ) m U U ( pe r r P e r r c e n t t o f f s amp l e s s wit h h psyc hr o-

Per Per cen t t o f f sa m p l es es w i th th P e r r o f f ce nt nt s a m p l es es wit h h

5 5 DAY S S A T T 4 0 ° ° F. F. A N D D 4 5 ° ° F . .

T A B LE LE - 4 B ACT ERI A L L AN A LYSES LYSES O F F " L IN E- RUN " " S Ai' viPL ES . . A NAl . YSES YSES C o N D UCT ED ED 'v V S H AMPLE E , , A D ND ND AFT E R R ST O RA GE GE F oR oR

phili c c counts counts w e r e e mad e e on on s a mpl e s s of of milk milk obtain e d d was was gr ea t e r r in in sampl e s h s e ld ld at at th e e higher higher t e mp e ratur e e

o cc urring urring within within p l ants, ants, total c , oliform , , and and psychro on e e y e ar. ar. As As would would b e e ex p e ct e d , , flavor flavor deterioration deterioration

In In ord e r r to to d e t e rmin e e th e e ex t e nt nt of of contamin a tion tion monthly monthly samples samples from from s e v e n n plants plants over over a a p e riod riod of of

milk milk h e ld ld at at both both 40 ° ° and and 45 ° F. F. Th e e study study involved involved t e mp e ratur e e during during distribution. distribution.

A A comparison comparison wa s s also also mad e e of of flavor flavor scores scores on on bution , , and and with with 31 % % whi c h h did did not not ex c ee d d thi s s

which which ex ce e d e d d a a t e mp e r a tur e e of of 44 ° F . . durin g g distri gr ea t e r r at at th e e high e t r e mp e ratur e . .

100

, 000 000

p e

r r ml ml

w e r e e not

e d d with with

% % of of th e e sampl e s s a t t both both t e mp e r a tur e s s but but psy c hrophilic hrophilic counts counts w e r e e

s t o

rag

e e

for for

3 -.. -.. da y s s at at 4 5 ° F ., ., s t a nd a rd rd pl a t c e ounts ounts philic philic count . . Coliform Coliform c ount s s w e r e e about about th e e sam e e

Aft

r r distribution distribution to to th e e r e tail e r , , and and subs e qu e nt nt l e ss ss e ff e ct ct on on th e e coliform coliform c ount ount than than on on th e e ps y chro

w e

e e th

e e most most

common

. .

c ot~nts . . With With bottl e d d milk , , storag e e at at 40 ° ° or or 45 ° F . . had had

d i stribution stribution syst e m , , t e mp e ratur e s s of of 41 41 to to 45 ° F . . o o mor e e vident vident from from co li form form counts counts than than psychrophilic psychrophilic

milk milk process

e d d outsid e e th e e mark e t. t. Throughout Throughout th e e On On fr e sh sh samples , , th e e xt e nt nt of of · · contamination contamination was was

f ill e r r but but co l d e r r wh e d n e liv e r e d d to to r a e tail tail stor e e th a n n of of milk milk sampled sampled at at th e e bottl e r r supp l y y tank tank and and b o ttl e r. r.

all all typ e s s of of bact e ria ria occurr e d , , and and this this was was also also tru e e

= = g r oc e r y; y; C C 2 4 4 h o ur s s a ft e r r cl e li ve r v v t g o ro c e r y . . · ·

past

e uriz

e r r to to

e e

cool

e r, r,

slight slight

contamination contamination

with with

= = = = A A At At pl a nt nt o - ff ff b o ttl e r ; ; B B At At tim e e of of cl e li v e r v v t o o 0

cr ea s e d d during during stor a g e. e. As As milk milk pass e d d from from th e e

9 9 > 5 0 0 3 3 3 3 12 12 1 3 5 5 3

d 5 ay s ; ;

som

e e p s ychrophil

es es w

e r e e pr

e s e n t t and and

th ey ey in

46-5 0 0 33 33 21 21 31 31 16 16 2 7 7 23 23

form form or g anism anism p e r r millilit e r , , e v e n n aft e r r storag e e for for 4 1- 45 45 58 58 52 52 35 35 58 58 51 51 44 44

< 4 1 1 0 0 1 5 5 3 1 1 2 3 9 9 3 2 8 8 Sampl e s s tak e n n a t t th e e pasturizer pasturizer conta i n e d d < 1 1 c oli

c c

c c B B . -\ -\ A B B A

Tabl e e 4. 4.

' · · • F.l F.l s: unp l c s s

So u

r ce ce o

i i

sa m p J e a a So u r ce ce o f f s a m p l e

11 11 plants. plants. Data Data obtain e d on on d th e s e e samp l e s s ar e e giv e n n in in o f f ra n ge ge

i . ndicat

d d ra n ge ge ' J' e mp e rantr e e ran g e e i nd i ca t e d d

w e r e e made made onc e -a-month -a-month for for 12 12 months months in in sev e n n

o f f

ce nt nt

o f f sa

m p

l es es sa

l es es

i n n ce p n e t t t · · in in

aft e r r storage storage for for 5 5 days days

at at

° °

and and

45 ° F. F. Analys

s s

L oc a l l O ut e r r p e r r pr oc e ss 01 · · m a r k e t t p r oc e ss or or

bottl e r. r. Th e e sampl e w s e r e e analyz e d d imm e diat e ly ly and and D u m Nc Nc DI S TRIB U Ti ON ON

T A B LE LE 3 3 at at th e e past e uriz e r , , cool e r , , fill e r r supply supply OF OF I MlL tank A K , , T T and and SEL EC T E D D POI T Elvi NTS NTS P E RA TU J ~E ~E

MILK MILK Q u ALIT Y Y PRo BLE i v r s s 143 143 144 MILK Q UALITY PROBLEMS

TABLE 5 - DISTRIBUTION OF FLAVOH ScoHES OF MILK vVr-IEK bution channels for one year, "line-run" samples were F HESH AND AFTEH STOHAGE FOH 5 D AYS AT 40oF AND 45 °F. taken the following year to determine sources of con Loca l processor Oute1- mark e t p1·ocessor tamination within the plants. As this type of testing P e r cent of ·scores in th e P er cent of scores in th e progressed, improved bacteriological quality dc afte r , range indica ted after range indi ca ted d b ecause of the adoption of improved practices . , s torage for: s torage for: curre in cleaning and bactericidal treatment. Ran ge of 0 da ys .1 da ys 5 days 0 da ys 5 da ys 5 d ays i (4Q of') 0° F) °F) An increase in flavor score with an increase )n A' fl avor scores (45° F) (4 (45 ' bacterial count, as reported b y Dahlberg et al. ( 2) , > 36.5 7 0 0 11 0 0 . ' 3.5 .0 36.5 93 100 93 67 22 28 was not noted in this study 33.0 - 34 .5 0 0 7 22 78 72 S U1viMARY but the difference between the two temperatures A survey was made to determine if there were dif was not great. No scores of 37, or more, were given to ferences in the bacteriological quality a nd keeping samples held for 5 days whereas 9% of the fresh quality of milk supplied to an Indiana city by three samples were in this range. Pronounced flavor de local and four "outer-market'' processors. terioration to the point that the milk was not saleable Total, c oliform, and psychrophilic bacterial counts did not occur. on milk at different points in the distrbution sys tem showed that, at the time of bottling, milk processed DISCUSSION locally had somewhat lower total and psychrophilic , With our present system of milk distribution it counts but higher coliform counts than milk processed is not uncommon for a city to be served by local outside the market. However, after storage for 5 days processors as well as processors located quite some at 45°F ., there was little difference between milk distance from a city. The study reported h ere was processed within and outside the market. conducted primarily to determine whether there was Milk was bottled warmer by local processors than any appreciable difference in the bacteriological by outer-market processors. However, when delivered quality of milk supplied by local and outer-market to stores, locally processed milk was colder. Through distributors. During transportation it is possible for out the distribution systems, temperatures of 41 o to milk to increase in temperature and the agitation dur 45° F . were the most common. ing transit might break up clumps of organisms and Line tes ts showed that milk contained <1 coliform thus give an increase in count by the plate method. organism per ml. at the pasterizer but some psychro The results indicate that the extent of post-pasteu philes were present. With freshly bottled milk, the ex ization contamination had greater influence on the tent of contamination was more evident from coliform keeping quality of milk, as determined b y bacterial counts than from psychrophilic counts. counts and flavor, than the conditions encountered in The flavor scores of milk decreased with storage at the dish·ibution system. Excessively high bacterial 40° or 45°F . and the change in score, was gradual counts on stored milk, such as those reported b y Mott and not abrupt. None of the samples were without and Mozer ( 3) , were not encountered in regular flavor criticism after holding 5 days at 45°F. distribution channels. LITEHA TUllE CITED The temperature of milk at different points in the distribution system 'was determined in order to serve l. American P ublic Health Association, Inc. Standa·rd as a guide for establishing a temperature for keeping Methods for the Examination o-f Da·i. ry PToducts. lOth. ed. New York. quality tests. Presently, a num her of laboratories are 1953. American Public H ealth Assoc., Inc., 2. Dahlberg, A. C., Adams, H . .S ., and Held, M. E. Sanitary either 40° or 45°F. for studies on keeping using :vlilk Conb-ol and Its Relation to th e Sanitary, Nutiitive, and quality. This investigation reveals that, for the area Other Qualities of Milk. Natl. Acad. Sci. - Nat!. Resem-ch studied, 45°F. is quite representative of commercial Council PLtb. 250, 1953. conditions. The data also indicate tl~at some proces 3. :vl ott, F . E. and Mozer, H. Deteri oration of Milk by ed sors can decrease the rate of bacterial growth by Bacterial Growth Under Refri geration at 40°F. Certifi :\1ilk, 17 :3,22. 1942. ling milk to a lower t emperature before bottling coo 4. Thomas, S. B. •Psychrophilic Micro-organisms in Milk and and maintaining lower temperatures throughout Dairy Products - Part l. Dairy Sci. A-bstr., 20: 355-370. 1958. distribution. 5. T homas, S. H. Psychrophili c Micro-organisms in Milk and After bacterial counts wer made of milk in distri- Dairy Prodttcts - Part 2. Dairy Sci. A:bstr., 20 :448-468. 1958.

hi w c ill ill h h

app

r r

in in

thi s s

J ourna l. l.

show e d d s i g n s s of of stiffn e ss ss and and exc it abi lit y. y. Mi lk lk from from

S eco nd nd in in a a se ri es es of of thr ee ee 1 1 r ev i e w w a rti c l

es es

on on

thi s s

s ubj

ec t t

e ith e 25 25 r r dos es es of of 20 20 g. g. e ach ach or or 21 21 dos es es of of five five g. g. eac h , ,

Crisler Crisler ( ( 38). 38). Th ey ey found found that that cows cows wh i ch ch receiv e d d

DDT DDT was was fed fed dir

ec to to tl y y

dair

y y catt

l e e by by

Wingo Wingo

and and

to to to to 3 0 0 40 40 days days when when th

e e low low

n ce ntration ntration

was was

with with an an increase increase

in in DDT DDT co n ce ntration . .

ot' ot' f etl . . Pers i stenc e e th e e ins e cticide cticide

in in th e e milk milk

dropp

e d d

taint taint appeared appeared in in th e e milk milk (27). (27). This This was was associa t e d d

discontinu e d d if if ha y y with with th e e

high

er er

concen

tration tration

was was

of of DDT DDT per per acre acre and and grazed grazed immediately, immediately, a a "swee tish " "

b e gun gun and and a l so so 160 160 to to 170 170

da ys ys after after

feeding feeding

was was

! ! ' iVhen iVhen lush lush pastures pastures were were h· ea t e d d wi th th two two nounds nounds

· ' '

sect i cide cide in in milk milk thr ee ee days days after after th e e ha y y feeding feeding

had had

this this silage silage contained contained 0.1 0.1 to to 0.5 0.5 I I p.p.m . . of of r es idual idual

DDT

. .

to to 10 . 1 1 mg. mg. p er er g. g. Th e s

e e inv

tigators tigators found found

th e e

season season 21 21 ) ) ( ( . . Milk Milk produc e d d by by cows cows which which r ece

iv e

d d

that that from from th e e cows cows receiving receiving th e e l atter atter cont a

in ed ed

uo uo

per per acr e e ith er er t wo wo or or four four tim es es during during

th e e

J_!rowin

. g g

tained tained a a ma x imum imum of of 0 .9 .9 mg. mg. of of DDT DDT p e r r g. g.

whi

l e e

with with 20 20 to to 35 35 pounds pounds of of a a five five p e r r cent cent

DDT DDT

nowd

r r

cen tr a tion. tion. Mi l k k from from cattle cattle r ece iving iving the the form e r r

con

Silag e e was was made made from from sweet sweet corn corn which which

was was

dust

e d d

pounds pounds of of bod y y w e ight ight if if spray e d d with with th e e hi gh gh c on

und

s s of of

ins ec

ticid e e per per acre. acre. th e e lo w w concentration concentration of of DDT DDT or or on e e pound pound ner ner 100 100

from from

p e a a vin

es es

sprayed sprayed pr ev iously iously wi th th 0.4 0.4 to to 0 . 5 5 p e r r 100 100 pounds pounds of of body body weight weight if if it it was was spray e d d with with

0 . 5 5

p.p

m. m.

DDT DDT

in in milk milk

from from cows cows fed fed silage silage mad e e a nd nd fed fed to to dair y · . . cows cows daily daily at at th e e rat e e of of 1.5 1.5 pounds pounds

rt e

t t er er al. al.

( (

6) 6) r epor t e d d th e e pr ese nc e e of of l es s s than than r es p ec tiv e l y. y. Ha y y was was mad e e from from th e e tr ea t e d d alfalfa alfalfa

3 05 05 p .p . m. m. in in similar similar t issues a l , , falfa falfa r es p ect with with iv 0.6 0.6 e l y . . and and 2.4 2.4 pounds pounds of of DDT DDT p e r r acre acre

cows cows f e d d DDT-containin Sl1 ep h g g e e rd t t pea pea , , al. al. vines vines ( ( had had 32) 32) 3 . ae 1 , , rosol rosol 6.2 6.2 tr a nd nd ea ted ted two two plots plots of of

p.p.m. p.p.m. in in f ee depot depot d. d. fat. fat. Calves Calves which which r ece iv e d d milk milk from from

l a t e d d in in m u scle scle tissue 6.1 6.1 , , ob p.p. t ained ained m. m. in in from from th e e li cows cows ver ver and and which which 221 221 we r e e on on a a di e t t of of tr ea t e d d

r e port ed ed ( ( 2). 2). It It was was observed observed presenc that that e e 3.8 3.8 of of p thr . n.m. n.m. ee ee to to accumu 26 26 p.p.m. p.p.m. of of DDT DDT in in th e e milk milk

accumulation accumulation of of DDT DDT in in to to 25 25 certain certain p.p.m. p.p.m. bod and and y y ti ssues ssues Schecht was was et et e r , , al . . ( ( ) r e 31 31 port e d d the the

Th e se se ex p er im e nts nts were were was was fm repor th er er discuss t e d d in in 1947 1947 e d d when when ( ( a n n 4 , , Cart 3 1 ) . . e r r ( ( 4) 4) found found 1. 5 5

covvs covvs who who ing es t e d d feeds feeds tr ea t e d d with with in in the the th e e ins milk. milk. e c ti c id e e

Th e e or esence esence of of DDT DDT r e sidues sidues in in mi l k k from from dair y y tim e e of of e nsiling 15 15 , , p.p.m . . of of th e e ins ec ti cide cide appeared appeared

DDT DDT

which which one one oound oound of of DDT DDT ner ner t on on was was added added at at t h e e

this this silage.When silage.When cows cows were were fed fed

pea pea vine vine si la

ge ge

to to

CHLORINATED CHLORINATED

H Y

DR OCARBO

r r

I NSECTICIDES NSECTICIDES

o o DDT DDT was was found found in in mi lk lk produced produced b y y cat tl e e feel feel

l e ms ms (25). (25). one one p.p.m. p.p.m. was was found found in in th e e si l age age a t t feeding feeding tim e. e.

cide cide residu es es in in dair y y products products and and associat e d d prob- v in es es during during th e e dusting dusting opera ' ' tion , , howev e r, r, l ess ess t h an an

Ano th e r r paper paper will will smnmarize smnmarize information information on on insecti- abou t t one one pound pound of of DDT DDT was was app li to to e d d six six tons tons of of

barns barns has has b ee n n summariz e d d in in a a pr e vious vious paper paper m ( ( a d e e from from 26 ) . . dust e d d p ea ea vines. vines. was was It It es timat e d d that that

dues dues in in milk milk from from the the tr ea tm e nt nt of of da ir y y ca ttle ttle and and W il son, son, e t t a l . . ( ( 37) 37) stud i e d d DDT DDT r esidues esidues in in silag e e

s u c h h tr ea t e d d crops . . Information Information on on ins ec ticid e e fonn r esi e r r value . .

dues dues in in milk milk "from "from dairy dairy ca ttle ttle which which have have ing co es nt t e ed ed nt nt of of th e e mi lk lk dropped dropped to to two two third s s of of th e e

t e mpt mpt t o o stll'l1marize stll'l1marize information information on on insecticide insecticide resi h ay ay was was r e plac e w d ith ith untreat e d d hay hay and and th e e DDT DDT

h ence ence consumed consumed b y y dairy dairy ca ttl e. e. This This pap e r r will will th e e at r a t e e of of 2 . 3 3 to to thr ee ee p.p.m . . Lat e on r e e half half of of th e e

e nt nt on on such such f ee ds ds (hay, (hay, corn , , p e a a vines e , t c.) c.) and and Wh e n n it it was was fed fed to to cows, cows, DDT DDT appea r e d d in in milk milk at at

growing growing season. season. R e sidues sidues of of ins e cticides cticides may may be be pres b e tw ee n n sev e n n and and eig ht ht p.p.m. p.p.m. of of r es idual idual DDT. DDT.

insect insect inf es t at i ons ons of of various various f ee d d crops crops during during th e e by by Smith Smith et et al . . ( ( 33). 33). Th e e r esu lt ing ing h ay ay con t a in ed ed

in secticides secticides ar e e common l y y us e b d y y fanners fanners to to co ntrol ntrol acre acre t e n n days days b efo re re cutting cutting in in ex p e riments riments report e d d

Chlorinated Chlorinated h ydroca rbon rbon and and organic organic phosphat e e Alfalfa Alfalfa was was sprayed sprayed wi t h h 0.25 0.25 pounds pounds DDT DDT p e r r

th e e cow cow was was r e covered covered in in its its milk. milk.

I NTRODUC TION TION f e d . . From From 5 5 to to 30 30 p er er cent cent of of th e e DDT DDT ing e st e b d y y

Glen : o i e w , , Illin o i s s

Nat i mw l l Dai-ry Dai-ry P · roclu c t s s ConJOration ConJOration

R ese ar c h h and and D eve l op m e nt nt Oivi s i o n n

E. E. B . . E. E. H. H. MARTH MARTH AND AND ELLICKSON ELLICKSON

II. II. Insecticide Insecticide Residues Residues in in Milk Milk from from Dairy Dairy Cattle Cattle Fed Fed T r eate d d Cr o p s s

INSECTICIDE INSECTICIDE RESIDUES RESIDUES IN IN MILK MILK AND AND MILK MILK PRODUCTS] PRODUCTS] 145 145 146 INsEcr REsiDUES I N }..thLK

the treated animals was toxic to houseflies for eight to ter produced by c ows on the BHC treated pasture. nine days after the final dose of insecticide had been The butter, in this instance, contained 16 to 18 p.p.m. administered. Similar experiments were carried out of BHC. vVhen similar treatments were a pplied to by Ely et al. ( 13 ) and they found: (a ) higher con long, wet pastures which were grazed immediately, , centrations of DDT in milk when cattle consumed marked taints and high levels of insecticides w ere ', it as a r esidue on feed than when the insecticide was found in the resulting milk, cream and butter. i fed directly; (b ) there were no consistent differences LindquiS>t and Donaldson A' ( 24 ) reported an instance ' in DDT-residues in milk when it was fed mixed with where benzene hexachloride-treated potatoes w ere soybean oil or in the crystalline form; and (c ) feed fed to dairy cattle. An off fla~or similar to that found ing DDT in the fonn of capsules or mixing with grain in the potatoes was noticed in milk produced by these had no effect on the concentration present in milk. cows. Alekseeva ( 1 ) reported the presence of DDT in milk drawn from CO'vVS 42 to 45 days after they were Dield1·in tJ·eated with doses 35 to 40 times higher than normally Alfalfa was treated with one and four ounces of would be ingested. Dieldrin per aqre ( 18, 34). The alfalfa was cut seven Telford ( 36 ) noted the presence of DDT in milk days later and stored as hay for four months after from goats which were fed either 0.68 or 1.25 gm. of which it was fed to dairy cattle for 112 days. Weekly DDT per pound of body weight. milk samples were tested and dieldrin was fm,md in the milk of cows who consum The a ccumulation of DDT in soils as a r esult of ed hay previously treated , at eithe spraying practices has been observed by Ginsburg r of the two indicated levels. Ely, et al. (12 ) found 0.8 and 1.8 p.p ( 17 ) and Lichtenstein ( 23 ). Larger quantities of DDT .m. of dieldrin. in the milk produced b y c ows were found in soils of apple orchards and smaller which were fed alfalfa hay previously sprayed with amounts in soils on which potatoes w ere grown ( 17 ). either 3.5 or seven ounces of insecticide per acre. The DDT was present in the soil layer which cor Pastures w ere treate respond to plowing and cultivation depths. Lichten d with granulated dieldrin at the rate of 0.53 or 4.18 pounds per acre :in experi stein ( 61 ) reported that the upper SLX inches of soil ments reported by App, from turf plots contained 11 to 18 per cent of a single et al. ( 3 ). Milk produced during the first DDT treatmm1t applied t en years earlier. Crop soils 21 days after treatment by c ows graz ing on the former contain showed an accumulation of 15.5 per c ent of the DDT ed 0.11 to 0.18 p.p.m. of dieldrin while applied during a ten year period. Such insecticide ac that from cows grazing on the latter contained 0.04 cumulations could be additional sources for milk to 0.96 p.p.m. ' contamination. Chlordane Methoxychlor Two plots of alfalfa were treated with a c hlordane Four plots of alfalfa were sprayed with 0.48, 0.5, emulsion at the rates of one and t\;yo pounds per acre 1.0 and 1.94 pounds per acre of methoxychlor ( 15 ) . ( 5) . Hay made from this alfalfa contained an av erage vVhen hay from these plots was fed to dairy cows, no of either 20.4 or 20.8 p.p.m. of chlordane. Cows re methoxychlor could be detected in the milk produced. ceiving this for a period of 150 and 100 days produced Cows were fed crystalline methoxychlor in soybean milk that contained from none to 0.2 p .p .m. of in oil and it was noted, that 100 times as much methoxy secticide. Larger dosages of chlordane in soybean oil, chlor as DDT had to b e consumed by cows before when administered to cows, resulted in an increase detectable amounts of the insecticide appeared in in milk residues. milk. Ely, et al. ( 15) believed that methoxychlor Heptachlor would not b e excreted in the milk by cows which Forage was sprayed with either 3.8 or eight ounces were fed forages sprayed with recommended con of heptachlor before it was made into hay in ex centrations of the insecticide. periments reported by E·ly et al. ( 14) . When the Benze·ne Hexachloride and Lindane hay w as f ed to cows, no heptachlor or heptachlor Dry, closely grazed pastures w ere treated with two epoxide ( a m etabolic product of heptachlor ) was de pounds of lindane or technical benzene hexachlm;ide tected in the milk. A minimum intake of 1.3 mg. of (mixed isomers) per acre ( 27) . Cows were permitted heptachlor per kg. of body weight was necessary be to graze the pastures three weeks after treatment. fore heptachlor-epoxide appeared in the milk of a Milk, c ream and butter produced b y cows on the dairy c ow. lindane treated p asture were free from taints although Stoddard, et al. ( 34 ) and Harris, et al. ( 18) found the butter contained 4 to 6 p.p.m. of BHC. An "earthy" heptachlor-epoxide in the milk from cows which were or "musty" taint was noticed in milk, cream and but- fed alfalfa hay made from forage which was treated

hi c

h r h ece

i ve d d highest highest l eve l s s of of th e e in sec ticid e e showed showed b y y bo v in e e rum en en fluid . .

th an an 0.1 , , 0.1 0.1

to to

0 .3, .3,

or or 0.

3 3

o o 1.7 1.7

p.p.m. p.p.m.

end rin. rin. Cows Cows ei th e r r th e e methyl-phosphat e e or or p h eny l -p h osp h ate ate b o nd nd

drin drin

per per

acre. acre. Milk Milk

from from

th ese ese

cows cows

contained contained

l ess ess loroph e n y l ) ) pho s phorothricat e) e) was was h yd rol yze d d at at

efo

r e e h

arves

tin

g g

with with

1.5

, ,

three three

or or

. 0 0

ounces ounces

of of found found th a t t Trol e n ( e 0 , , 0-dim e th y l l 0- (2 , , 4, 4, 5- tri c h

Str ee et et

, , al . .

( (

35) 35)

fed fed

cows cows

y y

which which

was was tr ea t e d d rum e n n fluid. fluid. More More r ecen tl y y Plapp Plapp and and Cas id a a ( ( 29) 29)

i i th

e e

as t . . partiall

y y or or completely completely inactivat e d d by by

the the cow's cow's

I I

in in r e nal nal f a t , , 0.1 0.1 to to one one I . . p.p.m. p.p.m. of of th in in e e bod organic organic y y fat fat and and phosph 0.1 0.1 p.p.m. p.p.m. a t e e ins ec ticid es es t es t e d d were were

.2 .2 p.p . m . . accumulated accumulated in in in in part part the the liv by by er, er, th e e 0. 2 2 work work to to 0.8 0.8 of of p.p.m. p.p.m. Cook Cook ( ( 8). 8). H e e found found that that a ll ll

brain , , h ea rt , , or or kidn ey ey cides cides tissu es es aft while while e r r th e ir ir l eve ing ls ls es of of tion tion 0 . 1 1 b y y to to dair y y ca ttl e e is is exp l a in ed ed

25 25 p.p.m. p.p.m. No No or or more. more. Th e ndrin ndrin e e absence absence accumulated accumulated in in milk milk in in of of th organic organic e e p hosph a t e e insec ti

ft e r r fin

a l l

administration administration

when when

th e e di e t t contained contained 20 20 p.p.m. p.p.m. in in f ee d d dail y y for for 12 12 weeks. weeks.

dues dues

of of th

e e insecticide insecticide

were were found found

in in

milk milk

six six

wee

k s s cows cows which which were were fed fed concenh·ations concenh·ations of of one , , fiv e e and and

n ce ntration ntration

f e d d and and l

g th th

of of

tim

e e of of f

ding. ding.

es i (7) (7) found found no no significant significant r e sidu es es in in milk milk or or ti ss u e e

of of

f e d . . Levels Levels of of e ndrin ndrin in in the the

milk milk

in creased creased

ith ith

both both carbomethoxy-1-propen-2-yl carbomethoxy-1-propen-2-yl phosph ate), ate), Cas id et et a , , al . .

milk milk

after after

one one week week

r ega rdl ess ess

of of

e e concentration concentration

In In r ece nt nt · work work with with PhosdTin PhosdTin ( ( 0 , , 0-Dim e th y 1 l

total total di e t . . The The insecticide insecticide was was r ecovered ecovered

from from

th e e

and and thiol-isom

rs rs of of d eme

ton. ton.

ce ntration

s s

of of 0.10 , ,

0 .25, .25, 0 .75 .75 and and two two p . p.m

. .

of of th

e ir ir

21.2 21.2 per per ce nt nt

y y

weight weight

of of a a

mixture mixture

of of

th e e

thiono

( (

19 in in ) ) which which

dairy dairy

ca ttl e e were were f ed ed en drin drin

in in

co n

pr e par a tion tion w hi

h h

con

a s

n n em ulsif

ying ying agen

t t ::tnd ::tnd

x p

e rim

e nt

s s were were reported reported b y y

Kii

m agi, agi,

et et

al. al.

p e r r kg. kg. of of bod

y y

weight weight

was was ingested. ingested. S ys to x x :is :is a a

milk milk

of of

dair

y y cows. cows.

we r e e pr ese nt nt in in

milk milk

en en 0.

29 29

to to

1.0 1.0

mg. mg.

of of

Systo

x x

, . .

ges

t e d d

dail y y b efo r e e th e e ins e cticid

e e appeared appeared

in in

th e e

on e e da y y lat

e r. r.

No No

cholinesterase cholinesterase

inhibiting inhibiting

s tanc

es es

.' .' not

ed ed th

a t t at at l eas t t 20 20 m g. g. of of en drin drin h ad ad

to to be be

hi ghes l t eve l l

of of

d eme

ton ton

was was

fed. fed.

They They

disappeared disappeared

1.9

, , 2.8 2.8

and and

3.7 3.7 p . p . m . . r es p ec tiv e l y. y.

It It

was was

further further

to to b e e th e e ins ec ticid

e) e) were were

d e t ece

d d in in

milk milk after after

the the

milk milk

of of

cows cows

which which received received h ay ay

with with

idu es es

of of

S ome ome c holin

t e r

ase ase

inhibitin

g g

s ub

s t

ances ances

( b e li

eved eved

l e

ss ss

th an an 0

. 05

, , 0 . 14 14 an d d 0.15 0.15 p.p.m. p.p.m.

of of

endrin endrin

in in th

e e

w eig ht ht in in work work r epo

rt e b d y y

D a

hm hm an

J d

ac obson obson

( ( 9

). ).

cutworms cutworms

in in small small

grains grains ( ( 22). 22). Ely et et , ,

al. al. ( (

fo ) )

und und

incr eas in g g dos eages eages

from from

0.1 0.1 to to

2 .5 .5

. . per per

kg. kg. of of

bod

y y

trol trol

ce rtain rtain

tob acco acco an d d vege tabl

e e p es ts ts tog

e th

r r with with

secticide, secticide, was was f e d d

to to

a a

cow cow

dail y y fo r r

thr

ee ee

d ays ays

:in :in

lrin a e

nd nd dieldrin. dieldrin.

is is mo It It s t t common

l y y

d d

to to

con

D e m e t o n , , an an organic organic

phosphate phosphate

sys

t emic emic plant plant

Thi

s s

chlorinat e d d insecticide insecticide is is r e

l a

e d d to to

o th th a l

h y drolyti

c c product product

of of parathion) parathion) we r e e d e t e ct ed . .

Enclr

· in in

p a r a thion thion nor nor free free p-nitroph e nol nol (be li eved eved to to be be ::t ::t

milk milk and and jugular jugular blood blood w administered administered e r e e analyzed analyzed was was a nd nd excre n e t ith ed ed e in in r r th e e milk. milk.

ex p e rim e nts nts report e b d a ldrin ldrin y y Pankaskie was was in ges e t t , , t al efl, efl, . . ( ( ll ll to to 28 ) 14 14 . . Both Both p e r r cen t t of of th e e qu an tit y y

thion thion r esid u es es of of 14 14 p . p .m. .m. th e e was was in se f cticid e d d to to e e d app a ir y y ea ca r e ttl d d e e in in i n n th e e milk. milk. \iVh e r e e sufficient sufficient

l l

and and biolo gica l l e proc dur th es. es. e e diet diet A lf a of of lf a a dair ha y y y y cows cows with with pa a t t r th a e e rat e e of of 28 28 p.p.m. p.p.m. b ef or e e

from from

such such animals animals when when it it Th was was ey ey furth t es t ed ed e r r b not y y both both e d d th c h a t t e mi a ldrin ldrin had had to to b e e pr ese nt nt in in

of of

fee

d d consumed. consumed. No No parathion parathion fo r age age pr was was ev iousl found found y y sprayed sprayed i n n milk milk ·with ·with 3.9 3.9 ounces ounces p er er ac r e . .

l e v e ls ls of of on e, e, fiv a e nd nd 40 40 no no p.p.m. p.p.m. aldrin aldrin ba wa se d d -s -s found found on on quantities quantities in in milk milk o f f cows cows f e d d ha y y from from

D a hm hm et et al. al. ( ( 10 fed fed ) ) wo parathion parathion rk rk of of Ely et et to to > > al. al. da ir ( ( 16 y y ) ) cows cows showed showed a t t similar similar r es ults ults when when

th e e

milk milk of of such such an imal s. s. was was f e d d to to a a J e rs ey ey cow cow for for mor e e than than 91 91 days . . Th e e

n s um ed ed b y y dairy dairy cattle cattle milk milk ge n era when when ll y y do do ha y y not not mad appea e e from from r r i n n pr evio usl y y sprayed sprayed for a ge ge

ga ni c c pho s phat e e in se cticid Kit se e lm ' ' ' r esid a et et n , , al u es es . . ( ( on on 20) 20) plants plants found found no no tr ace ace of of aldrin aldrin in in

s pr

aye d d on on pl an t s s (22). (22).

GANIC GANIC

PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATE

I NSECTICIDES NSECTICIDES

ph ene ene and and henc e e has has a a s hort e r r residual residual action action when when

Aldrin Aldrin i s s mor milk. milk. e e vo latil e e th a n n dieldrin, dieldrin, DDT DDT or or toxa

a nd nd i s s us e d d a a primaril hi g h e r r y y co for for n cen th e e h·ation h·ation co ntrol ntrol of of of of to xa soil soil ph e insects. insects. n e e app e ar e d d in in th e e

Thi c s hlorin in sec a t ed ed ticid insecticide insecticide e e in in a a soybean soybean is is related related oil oil so luti t o o on on di were were e ldrin ldrin administered, administered,

A ldr · in in cows cows w as as 0 . 5 5 a nd nd 0.1 0.1 p . p . m. m. When When larg e r r doses doses of of th e e

to xa ph e n e e con t e nt nt of of th e e milk milk from from th e e t wo wo se ts ts

of of

were were

fed. fed.

and and

lat

r r fed fed

to to cows cows

for for

150 150

or or 100 100 days. days. The The ave

ra ge ge

found found

in in

milk milk

only only

when when

l eve

ls ls g

r ea t er er

than than

lO lO p.p

. .

e e

rate rate

of of 1.5 1.5

pounds pounds

per per

acre acre ( ( 5) H . ay ay was was mad

e e

o r r 75 75

p.p.m. p.p.m. of of

h e

pta c hlor

. . H e ptachlor-

xi d

e e

was was

Alfalfa Alfalfa

was was

treated treated

with with a a to xap h e n e e em

sio

n n at at

a a p e riod riod

of of 20 20 days days c ontain e d d zer o , , one, one, 10 , , 50 , , 62.5 62.5

T oxap

h ene ene

when when ( ( 30) 30) th e e feed feed ing es t e b d y y Holst e in in cows cows for for

No No

h e ptachlor ptachlor

was was found found in in milk milk b y y Pol e e n t t , , al. al. ti o n n a nd nd milk milk a nd nd butt erfa t t production. production.

w ith ith heptachlor heptachlor

at at

e e

rat e e

of of four four

ounces ounces p er er acre. acre.

clinic a l l symptoms, symptoms, r e du ced ced l eve l s s of of food food consump

I NSECT NSECT RESID UES UES I N N : MILK MILK 1 47 47 148 I Ns ECT REs iDUES l r MILK

S UMMARY :\1ilk of D air-y Cows Fed Heptachlor-Sprayed F orage and Technical Heptachlor. ]. Dairy Sci. 38 :669-672. 1955. When feeds treated with chlorinated h ydrocarbon 15. Ely, R. E ., Moore, L. A., Hubanks, P. E., Carter, R. H. insecticides were fed to dairy cattle, residues of ben and Poos, F . \V. Hes ults of Feeding .Methoxychlor Sprtlyed zene hexachloride, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin Forage and· Crys talli ne .Methoxychlor to Dairy Cows. J. Dairy . and toxaphene appeared in the milk. Aldrin, hepta Sci. 36 :309-3 14. 1953. *, 16. Ely, H. E., Moore, L. A., Eubanks, P. E., Carter, R. H. chlor and methoxychlor were not detected in signifi and Poos, F . W. Studies of Feeding Aldrin to Dairy Cows. J. cant amounts. Maximum levels of insecticide present Dairy Sci. 37 :294-298. 1954. in milk ranged f rom 26 p.p .m. for DDT to 0.05 p.p .m . 17. Gins-burg, J. •M. Accumulation @f DDT in Soils from Spray for endrin. Practi ces. ]. Agr. Food Chem. 3:322-325. 1955. Residues of organic phosphate insecticides a lso o c 18. Harris, J. R., Stoddard , G. E., Bateman, G. \ i\1 ., Shupe, .T . L. , Greenwood, D. cur on feeds and hence a re ingested by dairy cattle, A., Harris, L. E., Ba-hler, T . L. and Lieb er man, F. V. Effects of Feeding Dieldrin and Heptachlor Treat however, they generally do not appear in milk. It is eel Alfalfa Hay to Dairy Cows. J. A gr. Food Chem. 4:694-6 ' 6. beli eved that the insecticides are broken down in the 1956. rumen. 19. Ki igemagi, U. , Sprowls, H. G. a nd Terriere, L. C. Endrin Content of Mi lk and Boclv Tissues of Dairy Cows Receiving R EF EHENCES Endrin Daily in their Diet. ·J. Agr. Food Chem. 6:518-521. 1958. 20. Kitselman, C. H., Dahm, P. A. and Borgman, A. H. Toxi l. Alekseeva, A. A. Vydeleni e DDT s M olokom Obrabotan cologic Studies of Aldrin ( Compound 118 ) on Large Animals. nykh im Korov i Vliyanie E't-ogo Moloha na Razvitie Porosyat. Am. Ve t. Res. 11 :378-381. 1950. Veterinaryia 32 :69-73. 1955. J. , 21. Lardy, H. A. Experi ments with Peas and Sweet Corn , 2. Allen, N. N., Lardy, H. A. and Wilson, H. F. The Effect Treated with DDT Insecti cides. Incl. Eng. Cbem. 40 :710-711. · of Ingestion of DDT Upon Dairy Cows. ]. D airy Sci. 29: 30-31. 1948. 1946. 22. Lehker, G. E. Diction ary of Insecti cides and Their Use. 3. App, B. A., Carter, R. H. a nd Ely, R. E. Residues o n Mod. San. ·Bldg. Maint. 10 ( 3) : 13-14, 45-50. 1958. Forage, in the Soil, and in Milk Foll owing Pas ture Treatm ent 23. Li chtenstein, E. P. DDT Accumulation in •.tvfid-,;vestern with Granulated Dieldrin. ]. Econ. Entomol. 49 :136-137. 1956. Orchard and Crop Soils Treated Since 1945. J. Econ. Entomol. 4. Carter, R. H . Estimation of DDT in Mi lk by Determination 50 :5 45-547. 1957. of Or·ganic Chlorine. Anal. Ohem. 19 :54. 1947. 24. Lindquist, H. G. and Donaldson, H. Vol. Benzene Hexa 5. Carter, R. H., Claborn, H . V. , W oodward, G. T. and E·ly, chloride Flavored Milk. T. ?vlilk Food Tech. 11 :3·25-326. 1948. H. E. Pesticide Residues in Animal Products. Yearibook of 25. Marth, E. H. and E llickson, B. E. Insecticide Res idues in Agriculture. 143-148. 1956. :\1ilk and Milk Products. UI, Insecticides in Dairy Products 6. C arter, R. H., Hubanks, P. E ., Mann, H. D., Smith, F ., ·and Associated Problems. J. Milk and Food Tech. In Press. Pi quett, P. G. , Shaw, J. C. and Ditman, L. P. DDT Content 26. :Marth, E. H. and E lli ckso n, B. E. Ihsecticide Res idues in of Milk From Cows .Fed •Pea Vine Silage Containing DDT :-.1i lk and :-.1ilk Products. I. Insecti cide Residues in Mi lk from residues. T. E con. Entomol. 42:119-122. 1949. Treabm ent of D airy Co.ws and Barns. J. Milk and Food Tech. 7. Cas id~ , J. E., Gatterdam, P. E., Knaak, J. B., Lance, R. D. 22 :112-116. 1959. and Tiedermeier, R. P. Bovine :0,1etabolism of Organophos 27. !NlcDowall , :F. 'H., Patchell, M. R. , Hurst, F. a nd Kelsey, phate Insecticides. Subacute Feeding Studies with 0, 0-dimeth yl J. IM . Effect of Treatment of Dairy Pas tures with BHC and 1-carbomethoxy - 1 - propen - 2 - yl phosphate. J. Ag. Food DDT on Flavor and Composition Chem. 6:658-662. 1958. of Milk, CHmm and Butter. New Zealand, ]. Sci. Techno!. ( A )37 : 146-155. ·1955. 8. Cook, J. W. Action of Rumen Fluid on Pes ticides. In Vih·o 28. P·ankaski e, J. E., Fountain e, F. C. and Dahm, P. A. The Destruction of Some Organophosphate Pes ti cides b y Bovine Degradation and Detoxication of Parathion in Dairy Cows. Humen F luid. J. Agr. Food Chem. 5: 859-863. 1957. J. Econ. Entomol. 45:51-60. 1952. 9. Dahm, ·P. A. and Jacobson, N. L. Effects o f F eeding Sys 29. Plapp, F . W. and C asicla, J. E. Bovine :Vfetaboli sm of tox-Treated Alfalfa Ha~ to Dairy Cows. J. Agr. Food Chem. Organophosphorous Insecti cides . 4:150-155. 1956. :\1etaibolic Fate of 0, 0-Di methyl 0- ( 2, 4, 5 - tri chlorophenyl) •Phosphorothioa te in Ra t ~ 10. Dahm, P. A. , Fountaine, F . C., Pankaski e, J. E., Smith, and a Cow. J. Agr. Food. Chem. 6: 662-667. 1958. H. C. and Atkeson, F. W. The Effects of Feeding Parathi on to Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 33: 747-757. 1950. 30. Polen, P. B. L., Stitt , L. and Meyer, C. F . Trends in the l.l. Ely, R. E., •M·oore, L. A. , Carter, R. H. and App, B. A. Heptachl or Epoxicle Content of Milk from Animals Feel Excretion of Endrin in the Mi lk of Cows Feel Endrin-Sprayed Heptachlor. Proc. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958 :29A. 1958. Alfa lfa and Teohnical Enclrin. J. Econ. Entomol. 50 :348-349. 31. Schechter, M. S., Pogorelskin, :M. A. and Haller, H. L. 1957. Colorimeb·i c D etermination of DDT in Milk and Fatty Mater 12. Ely, R. E., Moore, L. A., Carter, R. H ., Hubanks, P. E . ials. Anal. Chem. 19 :51-53. 1947. and Poos, F . W. Excreti on of Dieldrin in the Milk of Cows fed 32. ·Sh epherd, J. B. , Moore, L. A. Carter, R. H. and Poos, F . W. Dieldrin-'Sprayed Forage and Technical Dieldrin. J. Dairy The Effect of Feeding Alfalfa Hay Containing DDT Hes idues Sci. 37 : 1461-1465. 1954. on th e DDT Content of Cow's Milk. J. Dair·y Sci. 32 :549-555. 13. Ely, R. E., .Moore, L. A. , Carter, R. H., Mann, H . D. and 1949. Poos, F . W. The Effect of D osage Level and Various Methods 33. Smith, IR. F ., Hoskins, W. M. and FuBmer, 0 . H . Secreti on of Administration on the Concentrati on of DDT in •lv!ilk. J. of DDT in MiJ.k of D ai ry Cows Fed Low-Hesidue Alfalfa Hay. I Dairy Sci. 35 :266-271. 1952. J. Econ. Entomol. 41 :761-764. 1948. 14. Ely, R. E., Moore, L. A., Hubanks, P. E., Carter, R. I-I. 34. Stoddard, G. E., Bateman, G. Q., Sc:hnpe, J. L. , Harris, and Poos, F. W . Excretion of Heptachlor E xpoxide ,in the J. R., Bahl er T. H., Harris, L. E. :mel Greenwood, D. A. Ef-

------

J J I, I,

, . .

36. 36. T e lford, lford, H. H. S . . DDT DDT Toxicity. Toxicity. Soap Soap Sanit. Sanit. Ch e mi ca ls ls 21 : : J. J. Catt l e e and and Milk. Milk. Econ. Econ. Ent · omol. omol. 41: 105-106. 105-106. 1948. 1948.

Proc. Proc. Am. Am. Ghem . . Soc. Soc. 1958 :28A. :28A. 1958. 1958. 38. 38. \ ' Vingo, Vingo, C. C. W . . and and Crisl e r , , 0. 0. S . . Eff ec t t of of DDT DDT on on Dah')' Dah')'

Hay Hay to to Lactating Lactating Dairy Dairy Cows Cows a nd nd of of Feeding Feeding Endrin Endrin to to Cal'V es. es.

J. J.

• boratory boratory

Aninmls

. .

Econ. Econ.

Entomol. Entomol. 39:

801-806. 801-806.

1946. 1946.

A . . and and Harris , , L. L. E. E. Efd'ects Efd'ects of of Fe e ding ding Endrin-Treated Endrin-Treated Alfa l f a a

Vin

e e Silag

e e with with

Special Special

R e f e r e n ce ce to to Dairy Dairy Cows , , Sheep Sheep and and

J. J.

35. 35. Sb· ee t, t, C., C., Stoddard , , G . . E., E., Shupe , , L. , , Gre e mvood , , D . .

Lardy , , H . . A . . F ee ding ding Exp e rim e nts nts wibh wibh DDT DDT Treat e d d Pea Pea

Sci. Sci. Associ. Associ. 35:295-

300. 300. 195 4. 4.

37. 37. Wil so n , , H. H. F. , , Allen , , N. , , Bohst J. J. ed t, t, G. , , B e th e il , , and and 1 1 . .

to to Dairy Dairy Cows. Cows. Proc. Proc. Ann. Ann. · M ee ting ting \ .Yest e rn rn Division Division Am. Am. D a iry iry

f e <.:ts <.:ts of of Feeding Feeding Di e ldrin ldrin and and Heptachlor-Treated Heptachlor-Treated Alfa lf a a Hay Hay 161-163 , , 167-168 , , 1945. 1945.

1 1 ' SEer SEer fuswuEs fuswuEs i N N MILK MILK i49 i49 150 NEWS RND EVENTS QUESTIO NS AND ANSWERS ANSWER? The egg shell , fr ee of membrane material, cannot rd trai\1 , Note: Qu es tions of technical na t ure ma y be subm itted t o the the passage of bacteria when th e latter are filtered through Editorial Office of t he Journal. A quest io n in yo ur mind may be in th e s hell. In conb·ast, the outer shell membrane removes 98- ', the mi nd s of many ot hers. Send yo ur question s i n and we wi ll 99 per cent of the -bacteria and the combination of outer and a ttempt to a nswer th em . inner membranes removes all of the bacteria from an aqueo us suspension wh ich contains as many as 20 million bacteri a QUESTION: per milliliter. The results of recent reports s ugges t that t>he es not involve ex Is there a rapid method for es tim ating the bacterial con •bacterial peneb·ation of shell membranes do tent of precooked frozen foods? tensive proteolytic a ttack. (Garibaldi and Stokes, Food Re ANS\".TER: search, 23 : 283-289. 1958 ). Straka and Stokes (Food Research 22 : 412-419. 1957 ) have QUESTION: developed a rapid resazmin !'eduction method which permits Vlhat constitutes a chemical preserva ti ve? estimation of low, intermediate and high levels of bacteria in ANSWE·R: precooked frozen foods within a .few homs. An important The term chemical preservative under t he Federal Food, feature of the method is the addition of a c ultme medium to Drug, and Cosmetic Act means a ny chemical that, when added the food sample which stimulates 1bacterial growth and thus to food, tends to prevent or retard deterioration thereof, but speeds reduction of the resazurin. In the standard method, 5 m l. does not include common salt, sugars, vinegars, spices or oils, of a 1:5 dilution of the blended food sample and 5 ml. of ex tracted h om spices, substances added to food by direct ex trypticase soy broth are mixed with resazurin and incubated posure thereof to wood smoke, or chemicals appli ed for in - , at 37• C. The time required for the mixture to change from secticiclal or herbicidal properties. A fruit or vegetable will,' blue to colorless is 1·ecorded. not require a preservative s tatement if the chemical preserva to harvest. (Federal The resazurin reduction tim e a nd the number of bacteria tive is applied as a pesticide chemkal prior ter, 23: 2214, April 4, 1958 ). present w-e re determined for each of 77 pies. On the basis of Regis these data, three classes whi ch correlate bacterial concentra tions and reduction times were es tablished . Class 1 contains pies w ith less than 100,000 bacteria per gram and these require 5 hours or more to reduce resazurin. In Class 2 are pies witl1 OREGON STAT E TO OFF ER 100,000 to 1,000,000 bacteri a per gram and these take 3 to CO UR SE IN SHEL LFISH SANITATION 5 hours to reduce the indicator. Finally, in C lass 3 are the pies with more than 1,000,000 •bacteria per gram and these A course of training in "Shellfish Sanitation" will reduce 1· esazurin in less th an 3 homs. The degree of pre dictability of th ese categori es from the reductase tes t ranges be offered July 6-10, 1959, at the pregon State Col from 90 to 95o/o. lege, Corvallis, Oregon, by the Public H ealth Serv QUESTION: ice's Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center to How may the quali ty of shrimp be improved in terms of our engineers, scientists, and others engaged in shellfish present cla y knowledge? sanitation control. Public Health practices and labora ANSWER: tory procedures applicable in safeguarding the sani Evid ence presented by Fieger, Bailey and Novak (Food Techno!., 12: 297-300. 1958) sb·esses need for rapid pro tary quality of oysters and clams are emp,hasized. The cessing of freshly caught shrimp. For superior quality reten course consists of lectures by staff members and con tion dming ice storage, shrimp should be removed from trash sultants, demonstrations, and laboratory practice. fish and headed within an hour or as soon as possible after Among the lecturers in the course will be Cornelius bein3 caught. This t\eatment should result in removal of B. Kelly, Chief, SheUfish Sanitation Laboratory locat sand veins, high in bacteria, and may retard melanosis ap T. et, Chief, preciably during storage. Adequate washing after heading ed at Purdy, \i\Tashington, Eugene Jans should also conb·ibute a beneficial effect on tl1 e ice storage Shellfish Sanitation Section, ~'lilk and Food Program, li fe of the product. and K eith H. Lewis, Chief, Milk and Food, Sanitary QUESTIO 1 : Engineering Center, Public H ealth Service, Depart \iVhat is being cl one concerning new methods for the in ment of H ealth, Education, and W elfare. Other au vestigation of Escherichia. co l-i. in milk? thorities on shellfish sanitation from health agencies A:\TS•WER: the Pacific Coast will also nar Sotillo and L uco (Arch. Zootecnia, 6: 367-378. 1959) oF and universities on Spain recently reported a method based on the use of naph:J ticipate in the presentation of the course. Icne, ethvl alcohol and acetic acid. T·he milk tested is pre Included in the agenda are the following topics : ( 1 ) viously h·eated with one per cent potassium nib·ate, and then shellfish sanitation problems; ( 2) biology and ecology incubated. The development of a red ring in tes ted mi lk is of bivalves; ( 3) sanitary bacteriology of shellfish; c.: onsiclerccl to be a positive reaction for the presence of E. ( 4) methods of b acteriological examination of shell coli in the milk. fish and shellfish bearing waters; ( 5 ) preparation of QUESTION: Does the shell membrane have a protective role in bacteri al samples; (6) coliform tests; fermentation tube meth spoibgc of eggs? ods, membrane filter techniq ues, and differentiation

Cay Cay at at Corn

e ll ll University University

and and suppor

t ed ed jointl

y y b

y y

any any abnormal abnormal conditions conditions

which which shortened shortened

lif

e. e.

3-year 3-year

nutrition nutrition

stud

y y was was dir

t ed ed

y y Dr. Dr.

Clive Clive

sumption sumption ( ( 27 27 per per

cent cent of of

e e calories) calories)

did did

not not cause cause

recently recently

epor t ed ed

in in

th e e Journal Journal

of of Gerontologia. Gerontologia.

This This

pointed pointed out out that that the the higher higher

l eve

l l

of of butt erfat erfat

con

Some Some

of of

th e e

answers answers

are are noted noted

in in

r h h esearc

find i ngs ngs

difference difference from from feeding feeding

different different

t ypes ypes

of of

fats

, , it it is is

l es es of of milk milk

fat fat

and and milk milk

li ds? ds?

·w hil e e th ese ese studies studies

did did not not

show show

any any significant significant

How How

is is

diet diet

r e

l ated ated

to to l

eng

th th

of of I I e? e? lif

V/hat V/hat

are are

th e e

1 , 000 000 cla ys ys eac h , , eq uival en t t to to 100 100 ye ars ars in in I' I' man. man.

butter butter as as th e e source source of of fat , ,

four four

females females

exceeded exceeded

IN IN

LONGEVITY LONGEVITY

STUDIES STUDIES

WITH WITH

RATS RATS

e e age age of of 500 500 days. days. In In th e e

group group fed fed

potato

es, es, with with

TEST TEST

MILK MILK

FAT FAT

AND AND MILK MILK

SOLIDS SOLIDS

r ece iving iving th e e ordinary ordinary br ea d d supplement supplement died died before before

diet diet fa il e d d to to liv e e this this long long but but 42 42 per per cent cent of of th e e group group

only only 14 14 per per cent cent of of th e e group group fed fed "special" "special" milk milk bread bread

chief chief

r easons easons

for for

liking liking

th e e new new

au t omatic omatic Figuring Figuring system. system. 500 500 clays clays eq ual ual to to about about 50 50 years years in in man, man,

e njo ya

bl e e absence absence of of usual usual "ki pounds pounds t chen chen of of clatter" clatter" "e nriched as as their their " " white white flour. flour.

sulting sulting

in in

long

e r r

act u

al al "sit "sit

down

" " germ, germ, lunch lunch and and time 6 6 , , pounds pounds and and th e e of of full full fat fat soy soy flour flour for for eac h h 100 100

fish fish

dish dish and and

two two vege

ables), ables), potmds potmds the the quick quick of of nonfat nonfat service service dry dry re mi lk lk solids, solids, 2 2 pounds pounds of of wheat wheat

l y y

come come

in in 32 32 com

binations

, , each each

out out including including New New York York a a meat meat state. state. or or In In its its formula formula were were combined combined 8 8

of of portions portions

served, served,

men

u u variety variety type type (hot (hot commonly commonly platters platters used used present in in schools schools and and hospitals hospitals through

l ant ant emp

l oyees oyees

point point t o o

th e e

quality quality Th e e specia and and quanitiy quanitiy l l br ea d, d, called called "Cornell "Cornell bread" bread" was was a a

fu ll ll banks banks

dep en ding ding u"pon u"pon company company from from refined refined needs. needs. white white flour. flour.

cerns cerns

across across

the the

country country ei

th fat fat e r r in in dry dry individual individual milk; milk; and and units units ( ( 3) 3) an an or or ordinary ordinary

br ead ead made made mostly mostly

. .

machines machines

are are

now now

b ei

ng ng

s uppli t oes oes ed ed and and to to skimmilk; skimmilk; industrial industrial ( ( con 2) 2) a a "special" "special" bread bread ' rich rich in in non

bank bank

disp

ense ense th e e

comp

l ete ete

se l ection ection e d d t o o of of compare compare foods . . These These three three common common human human foods: foods: ( ( 1) 1) pota

of of e

quipment. quipment.

In In

combination, combination,

The The th e e machines machines second second supplements, supplements, in in eac h h rich rich in in starch, starch, were were se l ect

lat e e combinations combinations - nonnally nonnally ce nt nt of of comprise comprise total total calories. calories. one one full full bank bank

a a

bulk bulk

milk, milk,

and and

one one

or or

two two

coffee, coffee, a a low low lev t ea ea e and and l l of of hot hot 5 5 per per choco cent cent and and a a high e r r level level of of 27 27 p er er

Four Four

or or five five machines machines

- diff a a ere hot hot nt nt platt food food e r , , fats, fats, a a cold cold butter butter buffet and and , , oleomargarine, oleomargarine, feel feel at at

shake shake

in in

a a

cup, cup,

as as well well as as

coffee, coffee,

Th t ea ea e e and and supplements supplements hot hot chocolate. chocolate. to to th e e basal basal di e t t consisted consisted of of two two

p l atters , , sandwiches, sandwiches, soup, soup, poorest poorest pastries, pastries, cho i ces ces milk milk of of food. food. and and milk milk

individually individually

serve serve

a a choice choice

ea ten ten of of by by hot hot one platters, platters, -thi rd rd of of cold cold th e e Americans Americans who who make make th e e

at at a a tim

e e in in aluminum aluminum

containers, containers,

rats, rats, then then was was a a dispenses dispenses mixture mixture of of them them human human foodstuffs foodstuffs similar similar to to that that

by by

the the "

hot hot platter

" "

unit unit

which which The The ac basal basal tu a ll y y di cooks cooks e t, t, fed fed 50 50 in in meals meals th e e same same amount amount to to all all 200 200

These These coin - opelja t ed ed food food a nd nd machines machines females females were were - highlighted highlighted included. included.

industrial industrial

working working

forces forces

hav

g e e r oups oups been been of of deve 20 20 l oped. oped. white white rats rats each. each. Equal Equal numbers numbers of of mal es es

serve serve

a a selec

on on

of of

comple

workers workers t e e meals meals began began "in "in a a the the series series plant of of " " feeding feeding to to expe rim en ts ts with with 10 10

Food Food

disp e nsing nsing

machines machines

Back Back which which in in 1954 , , au nu tom triti atically atically onist onist Clive Clive McCay McCay and and his his co

bread bread giving giving superior superior

results

. .

'fEED

ING ING

OPERATION OPERATION

ing ing th e e e e lif span, span,

wi th th potato

es es and and "special" "special" milk-rich milk-rich

MEALS MEALS

IN IN

FULLY FULLY

AUTOMATIC AUTOMATIC

5. 5. Sourc

e e of of carbohydrates carbohydrates

played played

a a part part in in ex t end

FOOD FOOD

MACHINES MACHINES

DISPENSE DISPENSE COMPLETE COMPLETE or or milk-rich milk-rich bread. bread.

group group

of of rats rats f ed ed high high fat fat diets diets containing containing potatoes , ,

3 . . Superior Superior t ee th th in in old old age age were were shown shown by by the the

Ohio Ohio

or or to to

a a

PHS PHS Regional Regional calories calories Office Office in in Dir th ec e e tor. tor. di e t t promoted promoted longer longer lif e. e.

ing ing Cen

t er, er,

4676 4676 Columbia Columbia

2. 2. Parkway, Parkway, Higher Higher butterfat butterfat Cincinnati Cincinnati consumption, consumption, 26, 26, 27 27 percent percent of of the the

Training Training Program, Program, Robert Robert span. span. A. A. Taft Taft Sanitary Sanitary Engine e r

Applications Applications

should should

be be addressed addressed The The l. l. di e t t to to differences differences th e e Chief, Chief, definitely definitely did did influence influence e e lif

discussion discussion of of general general in in and and listing listing local local th probl e e following following e ms. ms. observations: observations:

(13) (13)

interstat

e e shellfish shellfish r esea certification certification rch rch dir ec tor tor program; program; of of the the American American (14) (14) Dairy Dairy Association, Association,

practices: practices:

harvesting

ferent ferent , , proc di ess ets; ets; ing, ing, it it is is and and pointed pointed marketing ou t t b y y ; ; Dr. Dr. D. D. H. H. Jacobs en, en,

fects fects

of of radionuclid

es es

on on some some shellfish; shellfish; valuab l e e ( ( 12 ev ) ) id ence ence industry industry on on longevity longevity effects effects of of dif

surveys, surveys,

and and

classification classification

ings, ings, thi of of s s growing growing comprehensive comprehensive area; area; ll) ll) ( ( lifetim ef e e study study does does offer offer

evaluation evaluation

of of

hydrographic hydrographic

that that the the data, data, results results bacteriological bacteriological do do not not n ecessa rily rily apply apply to to human human be

son; son;

( ( 10) 10)

growing growing

area area The The sanitation: sanitation: test test animals animals collection collection were were and and 200 200 white white rats. rats. R ecognizing ecognizing

tion

; ;

( ( 9) 9)

assay assay

procedur

es es for for paralytic paralytic shellfish shellfish poi a nd nd th e e H.ock e f e ll e r r Foundation. Foundation.

( ( 8) 8) ch e

mical mical

methods methods

for for control control

of of she

llfish llfish

sanita

tute , , Dental Dental branch branch of of the the Offic

e e of of

Naval Naval H.esearch H.esearch

of of

coliform coliform

group group

organisms; organisms;

( ( 7) 7)

plate plate counts; counts;

American American

Dairy Dairy Association, Association, National National H ear t t Insti

1 1 EWS EWS AND AND BvENTS BvENTS 151 151 152 EWS AND EVENTS

LADIES' ACTIVITIES for the 46th Annual Meeting of the , International Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians ', Glenwood Springs, Colorado August 25-28 1959

Many interesting activities are being planned by the must be about 4 years old or over. Their activities will Ladies' Entertainment Committee for your pleasure include nature hikes, swimming, fishing, e tc. A spe during the I.A.M.F.S. Convention. Miss Lindy Lou cial fishing place for children under 14 years has Hubbard and i\IIrs. Neven Kilpatrick of the Denver been arranged. A childrens' banquet is planned to en Dairy Council are the Ladies' Entertainment Com tertain small fry while their parents enjoy other mittee Chainnan and Co-Chairman, respectively. evening entertainment. This year we will also have Mr. e The Denver D airy Council will host an informal Harry Stoll, a leathercraft specialist, on hand to giv "Milk Punch" party Tuesday afternoon, August 25th, individual instructions for making inexpensive leather so we can all get acquainted. Special sightseeing trips souvenirs. are planned for ·wednesday and Thursday to include Be sme and bring your bathing suit as there is both , the Maroon Bells, Ashcroft, Aspen and the area in and fresh and mineral water pools available. Glenwood around Marble. vVe will have a speaker, well-versed Springs is famous for steam baths. Informal ill on Colorado history, to tell us about the areas. clothing is in order for the entire convention. You w need comfortable walking s hoes and perhaps a rain Qualified baby s itters for convention gues ts not in coat. Glenwood Springs has warm days and cool nights Hotel Colorado may be had at a nominal hourly rate. so jackets and warm clothing are a lso necessary. Children's Counselors are provided for the children A most pleasant and interesting time awaits you by Hotel Colorado for those staying there, from ap during the week of August 24, 1959 in Colorado. We proximately 8:30 a.m. until 6:30 p.m. The children are looking forward to your visit.

3-A SYMBOL COUNCIL AUTHORIZATIONS ISSUED, AMENDED, OR NOT RENEWED MARCH/ 1959 Following is a list of concerns to which 3-A Symbol Council authorization to use the 3-A Symbol have been issued since publication of the list in the April 1959 issue of the Journal. This list supplements other listings published in earlier issues of the Journal.

Authorizati on Number Concern and Address :\'lodel Numbers ELECTRIC :\IOTORS 113 The Loui s Allis Co. DI and 0: Built in 20:3 , 204. 427 E . Stewart Street 995 954 984 394 326, :\Iilwaukce 1, \~ l i sc on s in 36'4: at;d J 65 ~ h· ,{ m es.~ ' TANKS - FAR:\•! 19 Brown EriLiipm ent Company Add: RC-100, 150, 200, 250, Coalvill e, Utah 300, and 350. RSC-100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350. 56 Houston F earless Div. Authorization not renewed up Color Corp. of Am eri ca on expiration, by decision of 11801 W. Olympic Blvd. th e holder. Los Angeles 64, California 12 Paul :\1uell er Company Add: ":\I!C" : 400 and 700 gal. 1616 V·/ . Phelps Sb·eet ":\!CS" : 400 gal. Springfield, :\1lissouri 88 Steel & Tube Products Co. Authori za tion not renewed up 200 V•/ . Olive Street on expiration, at the reques t o!' 'vlilwaukce 12, Vlisconsin the holder. TANKS - TRANSPORTATION 70 Jacob Brenner C ompany Adel : 58TL - 1600 to 2500; 450 Arlington Avenue :\I E - 1200 to 3500; NETR - Fond du Lac, vVisconsin 2500 to 5000.

cago; cago;

D. D.

A. A.

Seiber

in g

, ,

Dairy Dairy

Consu

l tant , , Kl e n za d e e cal l e d d b y y Secretary Secretary F l e m i ng ng of of th e e D e partm e n t t of of

S e rvic

e, e,

Chicago; Chicago;

F. F. Holman

, ,

e e Bab

so n n Co., Co., Chi e l ec t t Hi c k ey ey on on D ece mb e r r 15 15 attended attended m ee ting s s

ec kham C. C.

, ,

R eg

ional ional

Sanitarian

, ,

U. U.

S. S. Public Public H ea l th th Pr es id e nt nt Barb e r r on on D ece mb e r r 11 11 and and pres i d e nt nt

Dairy Dairy Industr

y" . .

Oth e r r visiting visiting

speakers speakers includ e d d L. L. b y y standard standard methods. methods. (October (October 26, 26, 1958). 1958).

sc u . ~se

d d

" R eg

ulations

, , Aids Aids or or Hindr ances ances to to th e e .1-.~ for for I e dia dia th e e b ac t e riolo g ic a l l exa min a tion tion o f f products products

fac

uring uring

S ec tion

, , North North

Caro

l ina ina

Stat

e e Coll ege, ege, who who ' '

ing ing ca ll ed ed by by Luth e r r Black Black to to . . discus s s Cer ti fica ti on on I I of of

ddr

ess ess

y y Dr. Dr. W. W. M

. .

Rob

e rts

, , Head , , Dair y y Manu T. T. Olson Olson C. C. Jr. Jr. r e pr ese nt e d d om om association association at at a a m ee t

th e e program . . On e e of of th e e features features was was a a k

ey ey

not e e

t h e e APHA APHA m ee tin gs. gs.

Appro x imat e l y y 20 20 v isiting isiting speakers speakers

part

cipated cipated

in in

of of th

e e Sanitari

a ns ns Joint Joint Council Council in in St. St. Louis Louis during during

e quipm

e nt . .

H. H. S. S. Adams Adams and and W . . V. V.

Hick

ey ey

attended attended

a a

ee t in g g

to to th e e t es tin g g of of co ntinuous ntinuous flow flow milk milk

proc

ess

g g

H ea lth lth at at St. St. Louis Louis on on Octob e r r 30, 30,

1958. 1958.

strumentation strumentation as as r e l a t e d d to to short-time short-time proc

ess in g, g, and and

cil cil Conference Conference on on Manpower Manpower

Shortag

es es in in th

e e Fi e l d d

of of

ic es. es. In In addition, addition, specific specific a tt e ntion ntion was was given given

to to

opm e nt nt Committee Committee attended attended

a a

National National

h h Coun

in in d e tai l l from from t h s e t a ndpoint ndpoint of of farm farm sanitation sanitation

pract

Kar l l Jon es es of of our our Education Education

and and Prof

ess iona

l l D eve l

A A pi,,eline pi,,eline milk i ng ng system system was was insta ll ed ed

a nd nd

studied studied

l evv evv York York City City O

c tob e r r

2-3, 2-3,

1958

. .

cheese cheese

nd nd

froz e d n esser ts. ts.

on on H ec ruih11 e n t t of of P e rsonn

e l l in in t h e e

H ea

lth lth

i e ld ld

in in

quirements quirements for for s p ec ial ial produ c ts , , such such

as as

cottage cottage

mittee mittee attended attended a a National National

H e alth alth Council Council

Conf

e ren ce ce

nroblems nroblems

in in mod e rn rn farm farm production , , Grade Grade A A

our our Education Education and and Prof

ess iona

l l D eve

opm

e nt nt

Com

tam i nation, nation, ins e ct ct and and rod e nt nt control, control, bacteriological bacteriological

Sr. Sr. Past Past Pr es id e nt nt Paul Paul Cm·ash Cm·ash

and and

Sam Sam

L ea

r r

oF oF

sented sented on on h e rd rd h ea lth , ,

a ntibiotics

, ,

radioactiv

e e con em b e r r 1958 ) . .

s' id e r e d d in in one one session session with with discussions discussions

being being

pre

t h e m m with with activit i es es and and probl e m

s s of of IAMFS

. .

(Sep t

: Public Public h ea l th th aspects aspects of of th e e milk milk supply supply

were were

g r o u ps ps of of o ur ur South South Carolina Carolina affiliates affiliates acquainting acquainting

poi

t. t.

Pr es id e nt nt e l ec t t V. V. V. I. I. Hick ey ey v i sited sited wi t h h severa l l

op e ration ration and and d es ign ign from from th e e public public h ea lth lth stand

were were SEPTEMBE conducted conducted R R on on 1958 1958 dairy dairy - plant plant M AR e quipm C H H e nt nt 1959 1959 and and its its

s h o rt -time -time eq uipm e n COM t t and and MI operations. operations. TTEE TTEE M In-plant In-plant E M BER S S studies studies

sys t e ms , , dair OF OF y y plant plant THE THE EXECUT e quipm e nt IV , , E E high-t BOAR e mp D D e ratur A N D D e e

la y out out m e A A thod REPORT REPORT s s as as th ON ON ey ey involv SOME SOME e e farm farm OF OF and and THE THE plant plant A C TIV CIP CIP IT I E S S

e mphasis mphasis was was given given to to e ngineering ngineering proc e dur es es and and

insp ec tion tion practices practices and and proc e dur e s. s. In In Section Section II , ,

farms farms

in in ord

r r to to obtain obtain i1~formation i1~formation first first l1and l1and

on on

a s s th ey ey r e lat e d d to to e quipm e nt nt d es ign ign and and s anitation anitation pra c tic es. es.

ment

. .

l d d

trips trips

, ere ere

mad

e e

to to

dair

y y p l ants ants and and c ussions ussions on on v a rio u s s ph ases ases o f f dai ry ry plan t t e qu ip m e nt nt a n d d o e p ra t ion s s

T ec hnol a nd nd ogy. ogy. fundam Si m ultan e e ou nta s l y, y, l s s si of of milar milar cleaning cleaning s mall mall g ro and and ups ups we sanitizing sanitizing r e e ha v ing ing dis e quip

mil

k ing ing mach

i n e s s b y y

E. E. H. H. Randolph Randolph o f f the the D e portm

e nt nt o f f Dair y y based based on on t h e e U. U. S . . Public Public Health Health s t andard andard ordinanc e , ,

Thi s s s c e n s e ho ws ws o o di s cus s

ion ion

and and

d e m o

n st

t io n n of of

e e

cl e aning aning

of of

suec tion tion m e thods , , t e chniqu es, es, and and

int

e rpr

e t

tions tions

p o r

t t of of

e e Sho rt rt C ou

r se se in in

Mil k k Sa

n itation itation and and Public Public H e alth . .

In In S ec

tion tion

I , ,

ec ific ific

attention attention

was was given given to to

A A t yp ical ical s c e n e e o f f th e e s mall mall group group d is cu s sion sion

e p

riods riods

h e ld ld a s s o o

pe r ienc e . .

th e e Short Short Course Course or or had had had had considerable considerable dairy dairy ex

second second section section for for thos e e who who had had pr ev iously iously had had

ginning ginning in in d a iry iry insp ec tion tion or or plant plant work , , and and th e e

in in attendance attendance th e e Short Short ~t ~t Cours e e o r r were were just just b e

One One section section for for tho se se who who had had not not pr ev iously iously be e n n

Two Two sections sections of of th e e course course were were h e ld ld simultaneously: simultaneously:

Th e c e ours e e program program was was d e signed signed a l ong ong clinic clinic lines. lines.

' ' m e nts nts of of H ea l th th and and Agriculture. Agriculture. Company, Company, Columbus. Columbus.

m e n t t of of Dair y y T ec hno l ogy, ogy, and and the the Oh i M o o il D k k e Company J. J. part- , , Co l umbus ; ; D . . Bowers , , Th e e Borden Borden

coo p e rativ e l y y by by th e e Ohio Ohio Stat e e University University Company D e part , , V/orthington , , Ohio ; ; T. T. K. K. Yoder, Yoder, Diamond Diamond

us us

March March 16-20. 16-20. This This particular particular course course was was H sponsored sponsored ea lth lth D e partm e nt E. E. ; ; P . . Hicks , , Ta y lor lor Instrum e nt nt

S hort hort Cou r se se he l d d on on the the Ohio Ohio State State University University facturing facturing Camp Compan y, y, Toledo; Toledo; T. T. A. A. Batsch e, e, Cincinnati Cincinnati

8th 8th Annual Annual Ohio Ohio Milk Milk S a nitation nitation and and Public Public Columbus Health Health ; ; L. L. C . . Burk ey, ey, Cr ea mer y y Packag e e Manu

e pa r tments tments and and Dair y y Industri es, es, participat Production Production e d d in in th e e Manager, Manager, i\II i\II R R Di e t & & e tic tic Laboratori es, es,

A A full full regi s tration tration of of 55 55 p e rsons , , r e pan pr ese y , , nting nting : Mid-West Mid-West health health Div i sion , , Columbus ; ; C . . K. K. Orhnan , ,

.\1an age r ; ; J. J. H. H. Erb

, , Vic

e -Pr

es id en

t , , th e e Bord

e n n Com

HO L DS DS 8TH 8TH ANNUAL ANNUAL

SHORT SHORT

COU

SE SE

eas t e rn rn Ohio Ohio Coop e ra

t iv e e M

il k k

Produc

e rs rs Association Association

THE THE OH I O O

S TATE TATE

UNI

E R

I T Y Y

Corporation, Corporation, B e loit , , ' i Visconsin; Visconsin; Glenn Glenn · wagn e r , , Io rth

1 1 EWS EWS AND AND EvE , , TS TS 153 153 ]54 Evvs AND EvENTS

H ealth, Education and ·w elfare in ·washington to dis Committee on Association Activities, Program and cuss v arious aspects of the H ealth, Education and Administrative Practices met in Chicago. vVelfare program. At the request of President Barber, Luther Black Junior Past President H. B. Robinson represented represented IAMFS at a Nlarch 3, 1959 meeting c::tll ecl , IAMFS at a meeting in W ashi ngton (January 1959 ) by the American Standards Association to determine called by a committee of the American Dairy Science what action various Associations in this country should ', i Association to investigate the possibilities of the next take toward a proposed study of the International A' I International Dairy Science Congress being held in Organization for Standardization regarding Apparatm the U. S. A. for Testing Milk and Milk Products. On February 26-28 the Executive Board held its President elect \IV. V. Hickey represented IAMFS at interim meeting at the 1viorrison Hotel in Chicago. the 1959 meeting of the 1 ational Health Forum in On F ebruary 26-28 a s ubcommittee of the Advisory Chicago on March 16-20.

NATIONAL HEALTH COUNCIL - CONFERENCE ON RECRUITMENT FOR PERSONNEL IN THE HEALTH FIELD SPONSORED BY COMMISSION ON HEALTH CAREERS ·' TI-IE CoM MISSION O N H EALTH CAREERS the Commission as follows: l. Personnel supply and demand factors. on H ealth Careers is a s eparate The Commission 2. Personnel utilization. s been s et up by the National H ealth group which h a :3. Factors affecting job satisfaction. y a n outgrowth of Health Careers Council and is reall 4. Education and training needs. Project. Its objective, is of course, recruitment for 5. Recruitment. The Commission is made up of a health services. Associations such as our own may be asked to pro e who have group of citizens from v arious walks of lif vide data on the recruitment needs of our particular achieved national reputation in their respective f ields . fi eld. Among the problems which the c ommission has under l consideration are the f ollowing : The following is a v ery brief outline of some of the A. The need to ex~)and facilities of profess ional matters which were presented at the meeting: schools catering to th e health field. l. There has been a general lack of coordination in B. The need to provide adequate e ducational facili the recruitment efforts in the following ways: ties in general. a. As to the methods used. The commission ho:)es to bring togetber the leaders b . As to the materials used . of industry, education, government, professional as sociations e tc., so that there may b e a wide c onsidera c. As to the basic knowledge of the recruitment tion of the problem of H ealth Career recruitment. problems. The thinking of the commission is national in scope It was pointed out that a successful recruitment and bears in mind the overall good of the country and nrogram must be based on the needs of the com not only the narrow field of health. In other words the munity, and a knowledge of the manl)ower resources commission tries to evaluate health needs as part of an which are available. In evaluating mannower resourc socio-economic problem rather than from the relative es, thought should be given to availability of older narrow field of health alone. neople, immigrant groups for snecialized services, and The problem of Health Careers is more acute than the underdeveloped potential which is 11ossessed hv ever because great emphasis is now being ])]aced on individuals; many people have untapped capaci engineering and scientific training and the fear exists ties which can be developed. that there may be s ome neglect of the health field. Some discussion was presented on those factors The Commission hopes to get information on m an which influence choice of careers . In this connection power n eeds, and will seek to evaluate the a dequacy the following items were stress ed: of the methods used as they r elate to effective man l. The l)restige of an occunation is one of the povver use. The Commission will also try to get public strongest factors in a p erson's choice narticularlv support for public health needs by providing informa from a social point of view. A survey in which neoDle tion. Five major areas are to receive the attention of were asked to judge the socio-ecmwmic levels of an

h e ld ld in in A pril pril 1957 . .

Systematized Systematized 6th 6th Sanitation Sanitation Nationa l l ALL ALL Conference Conference OVER OVER THE THE on on I nterstate nterstate NATION NATION M ilk ilk Shipm en t s s

compares compares with with

5 3 0 0 in in 33 33 states states

as as

r epo

rt e d d at at the the BELOIT, BELOIT,

W I

SCO N

SIN SIN

plants plants in in 35 35 states states part i - c ipatin g g in in th e e KLENZADE prog r am. am. This This . . PRODUCTS I NC , , . .

repor t ed ed as as of of Apr il il 20 20 that that th e r e e we r e e 693 693 shipn in g g

int

e rstat e e milk milk shipmen t s. s. Th e e

Pub li c c H ea lth lth

S e rvic

e e

WRITE WRITE FOR FOR LITERATURE LITERATURE

Publ ic ic H

e alth alth

Servi

ce ce

program program

for for

e e

rtification rtification

of of

X-4 X-4 i s s al s o o i deal , , in in prop

u r

se se

dilut

i on

s, s,

for for

sa nitizin

g g

mil

k i

ng ng

equ

ipment

. .

' '

I I

' '

ced

es es

are are us

e d d

in in

th e e vo

lu n tar

y y

co op

era

ti ve ve Stat

stroke stroke

upward s s to to desi r able able concentration . . lo w w chlorine chlorine cos p t er er year . .

sani

ary ary

q u

ali t y y

to to any any

into into area area

water water w h ere ere lin e. e. needed K l e nz - Met . . Th e r r can can ese ese b pro e e adju ste d d to to feed feed from from 1 1 cc cc p e r r

Supplied Supplied in in gallon gallon jugs jugs w ill ill for for faci fe lit e ding ding ate ate dir th ect e e ly ly in i t nto nto e rst Kle a t n s e z -M hipm eter, eter, e thence thence nt nt of of m ilk ilk of of high high

KLENZADE KLENZADE

X-4 X-4

Liquid Liquid

Sodium Sodium Hypochlor ite ite m ee ts ts eve r y y t wo wo yea rs rs to to deve l op op pro ce dur es es which which

The The Conference Conference is is a a equipment. equipment. v.o lunt ary ary organizat i on on which which

as as well well as as a a constant constant of of supp A m l y y es, es, of of Io c hlo wa ri , , nat Tr e d d eas was ur h h e r w . . at e!r e!r for for milking milking

Hypochlorite Hypochlorite

into into

the the

wate

r r supply supply

line. line.

Assures Assures safe safe drinking drinking wat er er Springfi

e l d , , Illi no i s , , S ec r e t a r y; y; a nd nd Dr . . M. M. D . . B a k e r r

that that pro vi des des accurate accurate and and

e cise cise

feeding feeding

of of

K l e nzad e e

l iqu id id

Sodium Sodium

Cha

irm an an of of th e e Conference; Conference; Mr . . J . . C. C. McCaffrey McCaffrey

of of

new new

moderately moderately

priced priced

Klenz-M

eter - a a diaphragm

-ty

e e

metering metering

pump pump

Harold Harold

Barnum Barnum

of of

D enver

, ,

Colorado, Colorado,

was was

e l

ec t e d d

level. level. Costly Costly equipment equipment formerly formerly nec es sary sary is is

w w repl aced aced

wit

h h the the

linton linton

V. V.

Vandeve

er, er,

J ac

kson

, , Miss i ss

i ppi. ppi.

of of Mr a a

. . reliably reliably s af e e water water supply supply wi th th positi ve ve chlorination chlorination at at th e e prop e r r

Illin

ois Now Now ; ; A every every l exan dairy dairy d e r r farmer farmer P a i s and and , , Baltimor smal l l da iry iry e, e, can can Mary e n joy joy l and; and; the the many many and and ad

van tages tages

Columbus

, , Ohio ; ; Park Park Livingston , , Franklin Franklin P a rk rk

Simple Simple and and Positive Positive

Metering Metering

Pump Pump

son, son, F e r g us us Fa ll

s, s, Minnesota; Minnesota;

Orvill

e e

L. L. Hunni c utt

, ,

Board Board of of th e e Conf Low Low e r e nc

e. e. Cost Cost Th ey ey were were Water Water George George Chlorination Chlorination vV. vV. Han with with

Five Five m en en were were newly newly e l ec t ed ed to to th e e Executive Executive

KLENZ-M J h e e code code ETER® ETER® may b e e us e d. d.

til til th at at tim e e ei th e r r th e e 1953 1953 or or th e e 1939 1939 R ev ision s s of of

milk milk s hipp e r r r a tin gs gs m ade ade af t e r r F e bruar y y 1 , , 1960 . . Un

ice ice sha ll ll b e e us e b d y y ce rtif y in g g officers officers for for a ll ll interstate interstate

and and Cod e e R ecomme nd ed ed by by the the P · ubl'i c c H e alth alth S e r o

Sh e ds " " and and th e e 1953 1953 edi tion tion of of th e e Milk Milk Ordinan ce ce

v i sed sed "Me thod s s of of i\ l lakin g g Sanitation Sanitation Ratings Ratings of of Mi lk lk

Conferees Conferees ag r ee d d u nanimous l y y t hat hat th e e recent l y y re

of of th e e dair y y industry, industry, from from 35 35 stat es. es.

a n d d l oca l l public public h ea lth lth and and ag ri c ultur e e agencies, agencies, and and

20-22 , , a th ·ac t e d d 1 53 53 i· e pr ese nt a ti ves ves of of F e d e r a l , , Stat e e

Mi lk lk Shipm en t s, s, h in in e~ d d St. St. Louis , , Missouri , , Apri l l

The The S eve nth nth Na tion a l l Conferenc e e on on Int e r s t ate ate

CONFERENCE CONFERENCE IN IN ST. ST. LOUIS , , MO. MO.

7TH 7TH INTERSTATE INTERSTATE MILK MILK SHIPPERS SHIPPERS

153 153 FR'OM FR'OM 35 35 STATES STATES ATTEND ATTEND

l eve ls . . Paul Paul Cor as h -Repor t e r r

who who h ad ad ex p ec tations tations of of reaching reaching hi g h h a dministrati ve ve

in in h ea lth lth car ee rs rs with with th e e possibl e e excep tion tion of of thos e e

eco nomic nomic l eve l l wou l d d no t t b e e par ti c ularl y y in t e r ested ested

would would seem seem to to indi ca t e e th a t t pe r sons sons with with a a hi g h h socio

se nt ed ed an an a dvanc e e from from th e ir ir ex istin g g l eve l. l. This This

t o o r e a c h h upward upward to to th ose ose j ob ob occ up a tion s w s hi c h h repr e

h aving aving a a lo wer wer soc io- econom ic ic l eve l l were were inclin e d d

c up a t ion. ion. In In ge neral , , p e r sons sons w ho ho ca m e e from from fam ili es es

seemed seemed to to be be th e e next next fac t o r r in in th e e choice choice of of an an oc

3 . . Th e e socio-econom i c c background background of of th e e indi v idu a l l

po int int of of v i ew ew thi s s it e m m speaks speaks for for it self. self.

2. 2. Th e e n ex t t it e r m e l ated ated to to remun e r a ti on. on. From From o ur ur

b e li eve d. d.

h ea lth lth work work was was not not n ea rl y y as as s tr ong ong as as its its propon en t s s

rat e d , , but but it it was was brought brought out out th e e social social appea l l of of

c h em ists ists a t t th e e t op op of of th e e li s t. t. Sanitarians Sanitarians were were no t t

occ upation upation rated rated ph ys icians , , ph ysic ists ists and and research research

NEws NEws AND AND EvENTS EvENTS 155 155 156 NEws A ' D EvENTS

NOTICE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS PASSED Article VII of the Constitution requires that the res ults shall be reported by the Executive Board to the membership of the Association and that the ' ', Amendments shall be a part of the Constitution from i the date of such report and notice by the Executive A' I Board. These Amendments were .!_)resented to the member ship at the 45th Annual Meeting in New York City, No more milkstone-with September 11, 1958. ( See July 1958 ·issu.e of ] oumal for Amencbnents ) A tally of mail ballots cast indicated 510 Votes in PENN CLEAN® favor and 7 against. Since a two thirds affirm ative vote is necessary to amend, the amendments were .. the acid remover that's carried. fast, safe and effective Tllis is official noti ce of changes Voted in the Con stitution. Vincent T. Foley Secretary-Treasurer

TECHNICAL BULLETINS AVAILABLE A series of thirteen bulletins recently prepared b y Pennclean-one of the best the Cherry-Burrell Corporation is novv available fo r known acid cleaners among dairymen! And for good distribution. The bulletins are designed to give indust reasons! ry and control officials information on equipment It removes milkstone easily. specifications, product fl ow and other data dealing Rapidly, too: the special wet with operation and use. ting agent in Pennclean cuts Bulletins are as follows : cleaning and rinsing time . , . G-557, Prechurn, G-560, Sul)erplate Heat Exchangers; helps it penetrate int~ hard G-561 , Aro-Vac Flavorizers; G-562, Homogenizers ; G- to-clean areas. And Pennclean does an effective job without 563, Glass Bottle Fillers ; G-564, :tviaterials Handlinp: discoloring dairy equipment. Systems; G-564, A i\IIapes Paper Bottle Maker; G-565, However it's used-flush, cir ; G-569, Super Syrup Maker; G-567, Flexflo Pumps culation, soak or spot-i_t's Load-A-Matic; G-570. In Place Cleaning Sys tems, and best for every kind of dairy a 2-A Premix Tank Fill er Bulletin, G-568. equipment. These can b e obtained by writing the Corporati on at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Write for free booklet to B-K Dept. 874, NEW POULTRY ORDINANCE SUPPLEMENT Pennsalt Chemicals Corp., · Ea51: The Public Health Service has recently released 3 Penn Center, Supplement No. 1 to the Poultry Ordinance, 1955 Phila. 2, Pa. edition. West: This Supplement contains provisions dealing with 2700 S. Eastern Ave., Los Angeles 22, Calif. ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection of poulh-y for wholesomeness . The Supplement has been pub lished as a model to assist states, municipalities and ® other l ocal h ealth jurisdictions in the promulgation of regulations covering inspection for wholesomeness and to become an important component of poultry san i tation requirements. The Supplement is identified as Publication No. 444, and may be obtained by writing the Public H ealth Service at Washington, D . C.

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New po I nternational nternational

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AFFILIATES AFFILIATES

OF OF A N D D FooD FooD SA N lTATAHI ANS ANS

.1:\.E N T UC KY KY AssO C I AT I O O ' ' oF oF C\1ILK C\1ILK 157 157 158 AFFILIATES

0HEGON AssociATION oF MILK A uditors : A 11ditors: SANITARIANS Chris Morgan ...... Lincoln, Neb. E lmer G. Smith ·-----·-- ·-- Kingsport Orville DeFrain ...... Lincoln, Neb. E. C. Seaton ...... Jonesboro Pres., C. E. Laughlin ········-·--·-·· Portland V ice-Pres., A I Tiesdal ····-- ·· ········ Salem SANITATION SECTION TEXAS PUBLIC Sec.-Treas., Leo L. Reed, P. 0. Box 547, H EALTH AssociATION VmcrNIA AssociATION oF i\IIrrK ------·····-····-····-······· -··-·· Eugene Chairman, Ohester A. Purcell __ Shennan AND FooD SANITARIANS - Audito·rs : Vice-Chai.nna.n, L. M. Holler .... Bellaire , John F. Rankin ----·--·---··-··-- Astoria Secreta·ry, Don Shaddox ------· - Ft. vVorth Pres., T. L. Anderson .. Staunton ', E . P. Black ·----·---·····-····· Grants Pass Section Council: F'irst V ·ice-PTes., Execu.ti ve Com:m.i.ttee: L. M. Hollar M. vV. Jefferso n Richmond Art Parker ····--·····-·--··-······ Portland W . W . Clarkson Sec. Vice-Pres., J. R. Pattillo .. Richmond A. J. \il,lhealdon --··-·· ··· Mc~vl.inn vill e Paul Schultze Sec.-Treas., J. K. J'vleharg, Jr. , PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY SANITARIANS SouTH CAROLINA AssOCIATION OF 3903 Delmont St., Apt. 3, Richmond AssociATION SANITARIANS, I Nc. Auditors: e P-res., Walter E. Arnold ----···· Vanderbilt P·res., J. Darby Drake ...... Anderson E. J. Goode ...... Prince Georg P1·es.-Elect, Allan Miller ------····· Oxford Vice-Pms., James T. Fowles .. Columbia vV. R. Crump ...... ---···· Ri chmond Vice-Pms., Dr. Earl W. Cook ______Phila. Sec.-T·reas., John C. Brown Sec., Homer Young ____ State Board of Health, Columbia ...... 202 Willett Rd ., Glenshaw Directo1·s: vVAsHI •cToN MILK S AN lTAHIANs 'l'reas., C. D . Herbster ----·- ··-··- Selinsgro ve James H. Moore ...... Anderson AssociATION James F . Causey ------Anderson ·····-··------Colwnbia Pres., ·Harold Janzen ...... Yakima RHODE I SLAND H . L. Williams :VI.arion Causey ·------······-· Colwnbi-a PTes.-Elect, Dr. Louis Anigoni Pres., Alden Chase ______So. Woodstock, C. G. Leonard ...... Charleston ··-----·------·------·------Seattle ----··························-··-···------· Conn. Joe Doggett ··------···· Aiken Sec.-T reas., Frank \V. Logan V ice-P·res., Norman Taylor ...... Newpor-t SouTH DAKOTA Assoc iATION ------City Health Dept. Sec. -V·ice-Pres., Arthm Frink ········-········· -- Public Safety Bldg., Seattle. _, ----- ·---······ ·- ··························· W arwick OF SANITARIANS Pres., Charles Halloran ...... Pi erre A uditors: , Sec.-Treas., Sidney Shepard, Reid Greath ouse ----···· 'Walla Wall-a ----···-···· 99 Burbank Rd., Cranston F-res.-Elect, Harl an Sb-icklett ----························--·-·-·----- Rapid City Harry Johnson --- --· ------Spokane RocKY MouNTAI N AssoCIATION Sec.-T·reas., Robert P. Hayward, S. D . OF MILK AND FooD SA ' ITARIANS D ept. of H ealth . Pierre Execut-ive Board: \ V ISCONSIN ASSOCIATION OF lVI.JLK Pres., Charles E. Vlalton P-ast Pres., Howard Froiland AND FooD SAN ITAHIANS -----··········· ------· ------Laramie, · \1\lyo. ----···-················--·---·----- Aberdeen Pres. Elect., Paul Freebairn Elected Member, Ed Siemers P·res., Edward R. Friday ______J'vl. adison ···------···· Salt Lake City, Utah ·······------···-·-·· Hot Springs Vice-Pres., Myron P. Dean ...... Madison l st. Vice-Pres. Larry Gordon TENNESSEE ASSOCIATION OF Sec.-Treas. , L. vVayne Brown, 421 Chem- ·------·· ·········· Albuquerque, N. M. isb·y Bldg., U. of Wis ...... Maclison 2nd. Vice-Pres., John G. Guinn SANITARIANS ----············ ______Cheyenne, \Vyo. Pms., Glen Kilday ...... Blountville Di.recto-rs: Sec.-Treas., Joe Mason, Dairy Div. Den Pres.-Elect, Joe Jennings ...... Smithville Walter H. Jopke ------Madison Sec.-Tmas., Eddie H . Abernathy, Hawkins Les ter Kasson ------··· Clintonville ver D ept., Health Hospitals, 1 D enver, Colorado. Co. Health D ept., ...... Rogersville Past P-r es., James T. Judd ______Shawano

LAUNCH CAMPAIGN FOR FLUORIDATION Asked who were the opponents, the secretary said he couldn't pick out any one group,-. "because they The F ederal Government has embarked on an all vary from community to community." He emphasized out campaign to sell local communities on the value that he respected the views of "honestly informed of fluoridation of water supplies to reduce dental people" who, because of principle, opposed flu01·ida caries. tion. But he said that, on the basis of scientific evi Secretary Arthur S. Flemming of the D epartment of dence, he could not concur in rheir conclusions. , and \iVelfare, launching the ef H ealth, Education H e noted that the value of fluoridation "has been conference said enough money is fort at a news proved over and over again," that more communities to tell the story "that needs telling" available to HEW are adopting the protection, yet that the increase in g Congress for an additional appropria without askin population means the proportion of people benefiting tion. from "tllis -remarkable health measure" actually is de "I have come to the conclusion," he said, "that creasing. the problem amounts basically to this-The opponents He declared: of fluoridation are a militant minority; the propon ents of fluoridation, as is so frequently the case ·with "The American Dental Association, the Am erican proponents o f n ew health measures, are an unmili Medical Association and virtually all other scientific tant majority. and professional organizations having competence in "It seems to me that what is needed is a militant the field have recommended the fluoridation of public majority for fluoridation." water supplies."

l · ·

Th e e Ha y n es es Mfg. Mfg.

Co. Co. ------Pag e e 161 , , V V

St., St., Long Long Isl an d d City City 1, 1, N. N.

Y . .

Chemical Chemical

Products Products

Inc

., .,

42-16 42-16

West West

e e

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S e

parator parator

Compan

y y L a ------z a ru s s L -- aborat ----- II II orie s s Inc . , ,

Di v. v.

West West

ti on on co nt act act your your

regular regular

s upplier upplier

or or

for for

Bulk Bulk

Tank

s . . For For

a a free free demonstra

St e rwin rwin

Chemica

ls ls

Corp

. .

------milk milk pr od uc V V e rs. rs. E specia l ly ly

e ffective ffective

U sed sed daily daily by by t e

ns ns of of thousands thousands

of of

" Ta

med med Iodine"

® ® Germicidal Germicidal

Cleaner. Cleaner.

Schwart

z z

Mfg. Mfg.

Co Co

------

---

------

IOSAN IOSAN i s s IV IV the the or i g inal inal patented patented

I I

from from

al l l

u i pment. pment.

Rohm Rohm

Haa

& & s s

Co. Co.

------

Insid p e e i n g g Back Back t eat eat c up Cov s s t o o er er removin g g

milkstone milkstone

thing thing fr om om was hin g g

udd ers ers

and and

dip

b ur n". n".

It It

ca n n be be sa

f ely ely

sed sed

o r r

every

P e

nnsalt nnsalt

e micals micals

------

c ...... l ea n er er Pag that that e e doesn't doesn't 156 156

cause cause "de t

ergent ergent

IOSAN IOSAN is is a a powerful powerful ge rmicidal rmicidal

Olin Olin Mathi eso n n Ch e mical mical Corp. Corp...... Pag e e 160 160

Ch e mical mical Produ c ts ts Co . . ______Pag e e 159 159

Lazarus Lazarus Laboratori e s, s, Inc. Inc. - Div . . · w e st st

Kl e nzad e e Products , , Inc. Inc. ------Pag e e 155 155

IAMFS , , Inc. Inc. ------Pa ge ge 162 , , VI VI

Difco Difco Laboratori es es ------· ------IV IV

C hil e an an I od in e e Educational Educational NONCHAPPING NONCHAPPING Bur e au au ___ _ _ Pag e e 159 159

<;:b

e rry-Burrell rry-Burrell Corp. Corp. ______.. .. Insid e e Front Front Cov e r r

Babson Babson Bros. Bros. Co. Co. NONIRRITATING NONIRRITATING ______Back Back Cover Cover

Am e rican rican Can Can Co . . ------I I

INDEX INDEX TO TO ADVERTISERS ADVERTISERS

$ 6735

. . Work Work

in in generalized generalized

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at at County County Health Health D ep art- O re gon. gon.

PUBLIC PUBLIC

HEALTH HEALTH

SANITARIANS SANITARIANS

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range range

$ 6015 6015

a a

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milk milk sampling sampling

tubes . . For For further further information information and and

FOR FOR SALE SALE Rockford , , Illinois Illinois

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Commission Commission

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. . wr i te: te: 1 1

o ne ne ye

ar ar

experience. experience.

Apply

: :

Wayne Wayne

County County

Civil Civil

Service Service

Com Ci

ty ty of of

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. .

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population population

118,000

) ) For For

application

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h h

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or or B . S

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alli

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($ 374.01 374.01 - $ 455

.2 8 8 per per

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Age Age

not not

over over

. . T

r aining

: : B . S . . in in Sanitary Sanitary Sci ence ence or or

Civil Civil

Engin

MILK MILK

SANITARIAN SANITARIAN

sick sick l e ave ave

e arned arned

per per

month , , lib e ral ral

retirement retirement w ith ith Social Social CLASS CLASS S ec urit y. y. I I FlED FlED ADS ADS

nt , , 17 17

mil

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CHILEAN CHILEAN

IODINE IODINE EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL

BUREAU, BUREAU,

INC. INC.

120 120 B roadway, roadway, New New York York 5, 5, N. N. Y. Y.

Room Room 21 59 59

by by

leading leading

manufacturers manufacturers

for for

treatment treatment

color color

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i on on

of of

solution solution

s tr e n

g th . .

ur ur area . .

No No obligation

, , of of co

urse. urse.

ers ers and and

detergent

- sanitizers sanitizers

are are

offered offered

EASY EASY

TO TO

TEST. TEST.

The The

well

- known known

iod

i n e e

sani

t izers izers

and and disinfectant

-c leane rs rs

in in

SPECIALIZED SPECIALIZED

PRODUCTS. PRODUCTS.

Iodine Iodine

sanitiz

tribute tribute to to

improved improved

public public

names names health of of . . manufacturers manufacturers offering offering i odin

e e

oped oped

especially especially

for for

sanitization in in

low low concentrations . .

Write Write . . Their Their us us use use for for can can further further con information information a

nd nd

more more efficient efficient

iodine iodine EFFECTIVE. EFFECTIVE. formulations formulations Iod

devel i ne ne

sanitizers sanitizers

are are effective effective

kits kits

are are

available. available.

isms . .

New New technology technology

has has

now now resulted resulted

in in

and and

industr

ial ial

applications

. .

solution solution

ge t t too too

weak weak

to to

be be effective

. .

T e

st st be be

effective effective

against against

a a wide wide range range

of of organ

institution

, , food food

and and

bevera

ge ge plants

, ,

e re re is is no no

reason reason

ever ever

to to

let let

an an

iodine iodine

antiseptic antiseptic

and and

germicide

. . It It is is

known known

to to

infectant

- cleaners cleaners

or or

hospitals

, ,

schools

, ,

sig

n a l l to to replenish replenish

or or replace replace

e e solution

. . Iodine Iodine

is is

recognized recognized

as as a a most most

efficient efficient

equipment. equipment.

Also Also

available available

are are

iodine iodine

dis

solution solution

begins begins

to to disappear, disappear,

that that

is is

a a

A A LONG LONG

RECORD RECORD

OF OF

DEPENDABILITY. DEPENDABILITY.

of of milk, milk,

food food

and and

beverage beverage

utensils utensils

and and

When When the the color color of of an an iodine iodine saniti z in g g

IODINE IODINE SANITI ZERS ZERS

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES

ALL ALL THESE THESE

OFFER OFFER

1 59 59 160 NEws AND EvENTS

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA OFFERS SUMMER SHORT COURSE Principles and Practice of Sanitation will be offered by the School of Public Health, University of 1 orth . , Carolina, June 8 to July 3. I The course will consider application of basic scienc es to practice in the design, operation and control of small water supplies, sewage disposal installations and swimming and other recreational facilities; procedures for the conb:ol of insects and rodents, refuse handling, and food and milk, air and radiation hazards, and re lated activities in the control of the environment. Tuition and Fees: Residents of North Carolina $41 Non-residents of North Carolina $61 Diving Expenses: Dormitory Room ( 2 in a room) per week per person. Each bottle of Lo-Bax contains a measuring spoon Includes all linens and ~11aid service. $10 , Credit: Four hours of extension credit. a littleLo-Bax may be earned by those meeting the entrance requirements of the goes a long way Department of Sanitary Engin eering. Others are eligible for in protecting a certificate of attendance. Enrollm ent: Applications or further informa tion may be obtained by addres milk quality sing inquiries to: Professor Gilbert L. Kelso E11gineering Wherever bacteria threaten milk quality, the chlo Deparhnent of Sanitary rine sanitizing action of Lo-B ax Special or LoB ax-W School of Public Health (with wetting agent) gives quick and effective kills University of North Carolina to minimize spoilage and rejects. Chapel Hill, orth Carolina Just one-half teaspoonful of fast-dissolving Lo-Bax Special* gives two gallons of rinse solution for LETTER TO THE EDITOR gentle, positive protection of hands, cows' udders, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLI A machine parts, utensils and other danger milking Chapel Hill spots. The School of Public Health March 16, 1959 success Here's a product _)¥hose long and increasing Deparhnent of Sanitary Engineering is due to results. Tip your suppliers off to Lo-Bax Mr. George W. Hanson today ... or, better still, supply them with the free Health Department samples and informative literature Olin Mathieson Fergus Falls, will gladly send you. Just write. Fergus Falls, i\II innesota Dear Mr. Hanson: Your paper, "On the Training of Sanitarians," which appeared in th e February, 1959 issue of the Journal 6 ~ ~"' """'"": '"' (; of Milk and Food Technology, was read with con siderable interes t. The purpose of this letter is to indicate that the University of North Carolina does Lo-Bo x® is o trademark not have an undergraduate curriculum in sanitary 4691 science. The School of Public Health does have a curriculum leading to a Bachelor of Science in Public Health, but this is conducted by the Deparhnent of tl ~ !,~c!c~e! Public Health Education and is intended entirely for CHEMICALS DIVISION • BALTIMORE 3, MD. a &! health educators.

' · ·

Dani

e l l A. A. Ohm ~ ~ , , H ea d d

' '

; ; 4180 4180 Lorain Lorain Avenue Avenue • • Cleveland Cleveland 13 13 Ohio Ohio

Sinc e r e l y y yours , ,

. . - THE THE HAYNES HAYNES MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING CO.' CO.'

inf lu e n ce ce in in th

e e fie ld ld of of e ducation . .

...... ~'l" r.,.~ r.,.~

_!Q'~~~ - ~ ~ 100 100 bo the the x~

r r through through - ~our ~our doiry doiry supply supply ho~se . .

th a t t yo ur ur

is is read read

~)ape

b r r y y

ll ll th ose ose who who hav

e e som e e

A y oilob/e oilob/e lor lor J • , , 2 " , , 3 J~ " " · . . 2~ · · onrJ onrJ fittings. fittings.

undergradua t e e program program in in sani t ary ary scie n ce . . I I hop e e

Withstand Withstand sterilization sterilization Long Long life, life, use use over over and and over over

m y nts nts r epo rt e b d

y y yo u u concerning concerning tl: e e

lu e e of of

a n n

Help Help overcome overcome line line vibrations vibrations

' ' C>dorless, C>dorless, polished polished surfaces, surfaces, easily easily cleaned cleaned . . I I

Eliminate Eliminate line line blocks blocks \IVe \IVe ar e e verv verv much much int e r es t e d d i n n r ea ding ding th e e com

Non-porous, Non-porous, no no seams seams or or crevices crevices

No No sticking sticking to to fittings fittings

a t e e s tud y. y.

Sanitary, Sanitary, unaffetted unaffetted by by heat heat or or fats fats

Self-centering Self-centering

sc i e nc e e program program

wou ld ld pr e pa r e e th e m m we ll ll for for g radu

Tight Tight joints, joints, no no leaks, leaks, no no shrinkage shrinkage Time-saving, Time-saving, easy easy to to assemble assemble

hav e e ~ ~ th e e a ~ ~ bilit y y to to give give l ea d e rship rship in in ~~aa~ ~~aa~ f a i e ld , , th e e $NA"P!fl'l'E $NA"P!fl'l'E

as as i s s r eq u ired ired on on an an in- se rvic e e b asis. asis. For For thos e e w h o o

sc i e nc e e prog r am am a nd nd g i ve ve him him such such a pplied pplied train in g g Sanitary Sanitary NEOPRENE NEOPRENE GASKET GASKET lor lor Fittings Fittings

w e e ncourage ncourage him him to to take take s a tr ong ong undergr a duat e e

~ ~ LEAK-PREVENTING LEAK-PREVENTING

FITTINGS FITTINGS

fi e ld ld of of .!_Jub li c c h e a lth lth and and to to th e e individual individual sc i e ntist ntist if if

SNAP SNAP INTO INTO

~LOW ~LOW COST. - • • •

RE-U$ABLE RE-U$ABLE

I I believe believe that that we we can can do do a a grea t e r r service service to to th e e DESIGNED DESIGNED TO TO

h e e ma y y mov e e right right int o o a a h ea l th th depa rtm e nt nt position , ,

g r ad uat e e tr a in;n g g in in app li e d d sani t ary ary sc i e nc e e so so that that

f ee l l that that th ey ey wou l d d l ike ike to to h ave ave a a man man wi th th und e r

·w hil e e thos e e w h o o wo uld uld e mplo y y th e e sanitarian sanitarian ma y y

sc i e ntists. ntists.

a a sound sound foundation foundation in in bioch e mistry mistry for for a ll ll sani t ary ary

prob l e ms ms our our e nvironm cf cf e nt nt cer t ain l y y seem seem t o o r e quir e e

m a ti cs cs a l t eas t t thr ough ough ca lculus . . A l so, so, th e e comp l ex ex

sani tary tary sc i e ntist ntist of of th e e fu tur e e wou ld ld hav e e math e

of of sta ti s ti cal cal ana l ys is. is. wou ld ld seem seem to to m e e th It It a t t th e e

s hows hows only only six six c r e dit s s of of math ema ti cs cs and and thr ee ee credit s s

Fo r r ex amp l e , , th e e sugg e s t e d d undergraduate undergraduate pro g r am am

imm e diat e e job , , but but it it do es es no t t prepare prepare him him for for growth . .

P r e paration paration a npli ed ed work work may may fit fit a a in in man man in in hi s s

w hi ch ch were were n o t t kno wn wn t o o th e e san itari a n n of of yes t e ry ea r. r.

a lr ea d y y know know of of probl e ms ms in in r adia tion tion and and a ir ir h yg ien e e

b e e in vo l ved ved with with ' c h a ll e ng es es not not ye t t kno wn wn to to us. us. W e e

a a historic historic im _!)act _!)act on on th e e food food l aw aw in in La tin tin Ame ri ca. ca.

sa n i t ar i ans ans and and san it a r y y scientis t s s for for th e e futur e, e, w ill ill

the the _permanen t t c h a irman irman of of it ; ; an d d it it promis es es to to hav e e

\ iVe iVe f ee l l that that th e e p eop l e e we we are are preparing , , to to b e e

this this code code at at Mexico Mexico City City and and appointed appointed Dr. Dr. Gr a u u as as

an d d thus , , th e e tim e e g i ven ven to to th e m m is is lost. lost.

Latin Latin America . . Las t t month month the the Congress Congress approv e d d

th ey ey wou ld ld n ee d d t o o b e e r epea t ed ed in in graduate graduate schoo l , ,

a l l Congress , , which which draft e d d a a unifmm unifmm food food co d e e for for

p li e d d co urs es . . mus t t necessari l y y b e e so so superf i cia l l th at at

man man of of th e e Committ ee ee of of the the Latin - American American Chemic

him him bet t e r r · for for prof ess ional ional s t a tu a s nd nd l a t er er lif e. e. Ap

from from Buenos Buenos Aires Aires t o o r ece iv e e it . . Dr. Dr. Gr au au was was chair

him him in in his his gra du a t e e work work a nd nd which which wou ld ld prepare prepare

tion tion to to Dr. Dr. Ca rl os os A. A. Grau Grau of of A r gentina , , who who cam e e

sc i e nc es es and and hum ani ti e s s co ur ses ses which which wou ld ld h e l p p

ut e e to to t h e e FLI FLI a nd nd presen t e d d a n n FLI FLI awa rd rd of of distin c

l e v e l l mu st , , of of co ur se , , e limin a t e e some some of of th e e ba s i c c

S t a t es es tr ib~ ib~ Comm i ssione r r of of Food Food a na na Dru gs, gs, paid paid a a

p li e d d co ur ses ses in in san it a r y y sc i e nc e e a t t th e e und e r grad u a t e e

me n tary tary one . . Th e n n M r . . George George P. P. Larrick , , Uni t e d d

and and a a m a jor jor in in on e e of of th ese . . s A tud en t t w ho ho tak es es ap

s t atemen t ; ; and and H arvey arvey W. W. Wi l l\ ey ey t lrs. lrs. m ade ade a a compli

work work in in math e m a ti cs , , phys i cs, cs, chem i s tr y, y, and and biolog y, y,

Pr es id e nt nt of of Corn Corn Produ c ts, ts, made made a a supp l eme ntal ntal

hav e e und e rtak e n n a a co ur se se in in th e e basic basic sciences sciences with with

s ignificant ignificant progress . . Chairman Chairman \ iV illi am am T. T. Brady , ,

prefer prefer t o o r ec ruit ruit t o o our our gradua t e e prog r am am thos e e who who

and and firs t t t e n n yea rs rs of of th e e FLI, FLI, which which record e d d it s s

b y y rest ri cting cting h is is fi e ld ld of of ac ti v it y. y. Further , , we we wou l d d

s ion . . Th e e Pr es id e n t t read read a a r e po rt rt on on th e e organization organization

in in sanitary sanitary science science may may b e e doing doing him him a a dis-s e rvic e e

l eve l s ; ; and and the the program program " vas vas appropria t e e o th to e e occa

d e nt nt t o o tak e e a a pro g ram ram l ead in g g t o o a a bachelors bachelors d eg r ee ee

a tt e ndanc e e was was a a n a ti o nal nal one one at at hi g r h ep r esen tati ve ve

i s s m y y f ee lin t g h a t t advising advising It It an an und e r gradua t e e stu

This This m ee tin g g was was a a gra tif y in g g success. success. For For th e e

l oca liti e s. s.

ON ON APRIL22 APRIL22 h aps aps t o o mee t t specific specific n ee ds ds for for p e rsonn e l l in in specific specific

METROPOLITAN METROPOLITAN CLUB CLUB IN IN NEW NEW YORK YORK CITY CITY b e li eve eve that that suc h h a a curricu lum lum is is des ir ab l e e exce pt pt p er

FOOD FOOD LAW LAW INSTITUTE INSTITUTE c tuTicultm1 tuTicultm1 A T T THE THE i n n sanitary sanitary science , , since since w e e do do not not

TENT H H A NNIVERSARY NNIVERSARY MEETI Our Our N D G G e partm OF OF THE THE en t t do es es no t t offer offer an an und e r- graduate graduate

NEws NEws AND AND EvENTS EvENTS 161 161

...... ------162

Procedure {or , Uhe J.nveJtigation ,, o/ 9ooJbo"tne ~iJeaJe Outb"teakJ Recommended by INTERNATIONAL ASSOCiATION OF MILK AND FOOD SANITARIANS, INC. COPIES OBTAINABLE FROM International Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians, Inc., Box 437, Shelbyville, Indiana Prices: Single Copies, 50 cents each; 100 or more copies, 35 cents each. 25-100 copies, 45 cents each. Please do not send stamps. Notice: Limited number in Spanish translation at 50 cents each.

3-A ACCEPTED PRACTICES FOR THE SANITARY CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND OPERATION ' OF HIGH-TEMPERATURF SHORT-TIME PASTEURIZERS

Formulated by ! nternational Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians, Inc. U. S. Public Health Service The Dairy Industry Committee

Price : - With Cover 50¢ each, Without Cover 45¢ each- 100 or more with cover 45¢ each, Without Cover 40~ each.

EST EST KNOWN KNOWN OF OF FORM FORM VITAMIN VITAMIN D

• •

418 418 0 0 Lorain Lorain Avenue Avenue

• •

Cleveland Cleveland

13, 13, Ohio Ohio

FORTIFY FORTIFY YOUR YOUR MILK MILK

WITH WITH DELTAXIN DELTAXIN THE THE PUll· PUll· (R) (R)

co: ·' ·' THE THE HAYNES HAYNES MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING

14 50 50 Br oadway. oadway. Y

New New o rk rk I R . . N . Y. Y.

SHIPPING SHIPPING WEIGHT-7 WEIGHT-7 LBS LBS

6-12 6-12 oz . . S ub PACKED PACKED sid iar o y f f Ste rling rling Dru CANS CANS g g I nc. nc. PER PER CARTON CARTON

s~e~/NC. s~e~/NC.

United United States States the the

cities cities throughout throughout llacterrc1dol llacterrc1dol trea!ment trea!ment of of equipment. equipment.

Offices Offices

in in principal principal th~. th~. by by use use of of the the f1nger f1nger method method may may entirely entirely destroy destroy previous previous

possrble possrble by by old old fashio . ned ned · lubricating lubricating methods. methods. Spreading Spreading lubricants lubricants

The The _ Haynes-Spray Haynes-Spray eliminates eliminates the the danger danger of of contamination contamination

which which

i$ i$

(Official (Official

Test Test Method) Method)

R~ R~ TEAT TEAT WASH WASH and and U.S. U.S. fb fb P!Cbfie P!Cbfie by by HooWc. HooWc. Setwice Setwice

sequestrants sequestrants

AS AS HAND HAND and and

ltlifk ltlifk fb fb CDHfitVUtl3 CDHfitVUtl3 Hfifk Hfifk O'UlUumce O'UlUumce cued cued Cede Cede 550 550 ppm ppm without without MACHINES. MACHINES.

• • BOTTLE BOTTLE

FILLING FILLING Hard Hard water water tolerance tolerance Tfce Tfce level level Hfedelm Hfedelm HAYNES HAYNES - - SPRAY SPRAY ~ ~ Hfetluul Hfetluul

.C~ .C~

•SEPARATORS •SEPARATORS

• • PASTEURIZERS PASTEURIZERS

down down ...... down down ...... down! down! NON-TOXIC NON-TOXIC

•WEIGH •WEIGH TANKS TANKS cleaned cleaned doily . .

ore ore MACHINE MACHINE PARTS PARTS which which

watch watch your your bacteria bacteria counts counts go go

•MILK •MILK

CANS CANS

ODORLESS ODORLESS -TASTELESS -TASTELESS ond ond fo, fo, ALL ALL OTHER OTHER

SANITARY SANITARY

•TANK •TANK TRUCKS TRUCKS

Try Try for for just just RoccAL RoccAL one one week week and and

MACHINE MACHINE PARTS PARTS

•COOLING •COOLING

TANKS TANKS

& & GLASS GLASS

PAPER PAPER FILLING FILLING

SANITARY-PURE floors floors s-ani tary. tary. -

POSITIVE POSITIVE PUMP PUMP PARIS PARIS •TEAT •TEAT CUPS. CUPS.

ping ping

machines, machines,

to to keep keep walls walls and and

CAPPER CAPPER SLIDES SLIDES & & PARTS PARTS

•MILKING •MILKING

MACHINES MACHINES

TAINT TAINT

WHEN WHEN IN IN CONTACT CONTACT WITH WITH FOOD FOOD PRODUCTS. PRODUCTS.

SANITARY SANITARY SEALS SEALS

& & PARTS PARTS

II II Ull!Al. Ull!Al. WILL WILL NOT NOT TURN TURN 1 RANCID- CONTAMINATE CONTAMINATE OR OR

separators, separators,

bottle bottle filling filling and and cap

To To HOMOGENI ZER ZER

PISTONS PISTONS - RINGS RINGS San i tize: tize:

. .

CON TA1N5 TA1N5 NO NO ANIMAL ANIMAL OR OR VEGETABLE VEGETABLE FATS. FATS. ABSOLUTELY ABSOLUTELY

SANITARY SANITARY trucks , , VAL VAL weigh weigh YES YES tanks, tanks, pasteurizers, pasteurizers,

DAIRY DAIRY INDUSTRY INDUSTRY

U.S.P. U.S.P. UHITID UHITID STATES STATES PHIRMICEUTICAL PHIRMICEUTICAL STANDARDS STANDARDS

alctu£d alctu£d

be be

Med Med ~ ~ ~: ~:

USES USES IN IN U.S. U.S. P. P. LIQUID LIQUID PETROLATUM PETROLATUM SPRAY SPRAY for for every every sanitizing sanitizing job. job. For For tank tank

HAYNES-SPRAY HAYNES-SPRAY

In In the the dairy, dairy, can can be be RoccAL RoccAL used used ·· ·· ...... ?!//SPifl ?!//SPifl

and and tasteless. tasteless.

Ut~t-~ Ut~t-~

is is non - poisonous, poisonous, fi!te fi!te non Tlci4 Tlci4 -irrit ati ng ng to to the the skin, skin, virtually virtually odorless odorless

tJO!(ftRP?; tJO!(ftRP?;

<..-

' ' is is a a powerful powerful RoccAL RoccAL germicide. germicide. In In recommended recommended dilutions, dilutions, it it

good good results results in in doing doing a a proper proper sanitizing sanitizing job. job.

and and "tested. "tested. The The uniform uniform quality quality of of means means RoccAL RoccAL uniformly uniformly

~/ ~/ . . . .

dairy dairy industry industry is is offered offered a a product product that that is is l a boratory boratory controlleJ controlleJ

In In original original the the RoccAL RoccAL quaternary quaternary ammonium ammonium germicide, germicide, the the

c annot annot b e e over-emphasized. over-emphasized.

importan ce ce of of using using on l y y th e e best best in in sa nitizing nitizing m e tho .•s .•s

In In Industry, Industry, the the mor e e Dairy Dairy than than in in ' my my other other industry, industry, the the

AGERT AGERT

SADITIZIRG SADITIZIRG

4180 4180 lorain lorain Avenue Avenue • • Cleveland Cleveland 13, 13, Ohio Ohio

THE THE HAYNES HAYNES MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING CO. CO.

PACKfO PACKfO 6-16 6-16 OZ . . CANS CANS PU PU CAlifON

. . cleaned cleaned daily. daily.

bricated bricated surfaces surfaces despite despite moisture. moisture. Machine Machine Parts Parts which which are are

a s s lid es, es, bear i ngs ngs and and other other lu - and and for for all all olher olher Sanilary Sanilary

coating coating for for vital vital metal metal parts parts such such Mating Mating S. S. S. S. Surfaces Surfaces

Provides Provides a a clinging clinging protective protective Stainless Stainless Steel Steel Threads Threads and and

Cream Cream and and Paper Paper Bottle Bottle Fillers, Fillers,

nor nor toxic toxic additi ves. ves.

Cream, Cream, Cottage Cottage Cheese , , Sour Sour

metals, metals, solid solid petrolatum, petrolatum, silicones silicones

.._ .._ Valves, Valves, Pistons Pistons

Slides Slides

& & of of

Ice Ice

bricont bricont and and contains contains no no

soap, soap,

.._ .._ Sanitary Sanitary Plug Plug Valves Valves

.(uiUPdnt, .(uiUPdnt, is is a a high high polymer polymer lu· lu·

Homogenizer Homogenizer Pistons Pistons ~ ~

..._ ..._

Pump Pump

Freezer Freezer Rotary Rotary

& &

Seals Seals sanitary sanitary lubricant lubricant is is required required . .

Pure-Pak Pure-Pak Slides Slides ~ ~ Pistons Pistons

& &

applications applications where where a a heav y y duty duty

~ ~ Separator Separator Bowl Bowl Threads Threads

ferent. ferent. Designed Designed especially especially for for

lubricant lubricant should should is is be be entirely entirely used used lo lo new new lubricate lubricate and and dif

Hoyn es £uld·F'dnt, £uld·F'dnt, Sonilory Sonilory Spray Spray

WITH WITH PRODUCT~. PRODUCT~. FOOD FOOD

• • - CONTAMINATE CONTAMINATE OR OR TAINT TAINT WHEN WHEN IN IN CONTACT CONTACT

ABSOLUTELY ABSOLUTELY NEUTRAL . . WILL WILL NOT NOT TURN TURN RANCID RANCID

CONTAINS CONTAINS NO NO ANIMAL ANIMAL OR OR VEGETABLE VEGETABLE FATS. FATS.

PHARMACfUJICAttY PHARMACfUJICAttY ACCEPTAIIlE ACCEPTAIIlE

SANITIZING SANITIZING JOB JOB

TO TO DO DO A A BETTER BETTER

and and Controlled Controlled ) )

Laboratory Laboratory Tested Tested ~ ~ , ~p plicm i un t or M emh e r~;/tip INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK & FOOD SANITARIANS, Inc. I3 ox 437, Shelbyville, Indiana , Name __...... _------·------·------.------·------Dote Please Print ', l Address 0 New f

0 Renewal

0 Re-instatement Business Affiliation ------______..... ------______Annual Du es $5.00 0 Check 0 Cash !Membership Includes Subscription to Journal of Milk & Food Technology.) (Please Print I

Recommended by ____ ------· ------.

Box 437 Subscription Order Shelbyville, Ind . JO URN AL OF MILK & FOOD TECHNOLOGY Date Name ------.. . ····------·-·Please Print , 0 New Address ______------... . 0 Renewal Educational & Public Libraries !Annually) $4.00. Individual Non-Member Subscription IAnnuallyi $6.00 0 Ch eck 0 Cas !t Gorcrnmenta l Agencies, Commercial Organizations

( Pl e ~sc Print)

I. A. M. F. S·. & J. M. F. T. Change of A ddress !!ox 437, Shelbyville, Ind . FROM

Name . Date ___ ------Pl ease Print

Address TO

Name Please Print

Ad dress (Pl ease Print )

I. A. M. F. S-:· & J. M. F. T. Orde1· for 3A Standards Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind .

Name . ------... ______------Date Pl ease Print

Address Com plete Set @ $2.50 = ------l Com ~ l e te set bound (durable cover ) @ $4.25 = ( l HTST Std-with cover = .50 ( l HTST Std-without cover = .45 5 Year Service on Standards as Published = 2.50 additional Order for Reprints of Articles

Amt ...... ------Title ------...... ------··------Sc hedule of prices for reprints F. 0 . B. Shelbyville, Indiana 1 Page 2 Pages 3 & 4 Pages 6 & 8 Pages 12 P. Cover l 00 or less $12.50 $15.00 $21.00 $30.00 $50.00 $21 .67 Acld'I. 100's 1.60 1.60 3.00 4.20 7.00 3.37

deterge n cy , , exce ll e nt nt g r ease ease e mul s ification , , fr ee ee in in p r inci7Ja l l fo r e ign ign c ountri es . .

an d d HYAMINE HYAMINE ar e e t rad emark a nd nd TRITON TRITON s , , ho R e sp g . . i ta U. U. l s s S. S. a Pat. Pat. l s o o Off. Off. h ave ave and and di sc ov e r e d d t h e e s up e rior rior

TRITON TRITON d e tergent. tergent. Com m e rci a l l dairi es, es, r esta ur a nt s s

deterge n t - sa niti zer zer ba se d d on on HYAMI NE NE 3500 3500 a nd nd a a

c hin

es es

a nd nd ut e n s il s s a r e e cl ea n ed ed a nd nd sa nitized nitized with with a a WASHINGTON WASHINGTON SQUARE, SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA PHILADELPHIA 5, 5, PA . .

b acte ri a l l co unt unt ex c e ptionally ptionally low low when when

pail s, s, m a COMPANY COMPANY

HYA HYA INE INE 3500 3500 h as as proved proved i ts ts a bility bility to to k ee p p

ROHM£HAAS ROHM£HAAS ' '

I I

positive positive or ga ni s m s. s.

C !t e mi c ol s s f o r r l ndu s 1r y y e ffectivene ss ss aga in st st bo t h h g r a n m egat ive ive a nd nd g r a m m

p rov e e th a t t H H Y Y AMINE AMINE 3500 3500 h as as a a broad broad spect rum rum of of

Oth e r r b acte riologic a l l te s t s s a nd nd r esu lt s s in in the the fi e ld ld

99.999

% % kill kill

of of E. E. coli coli in , , wat e r r of of 550 550 ppm ppm h a rdn ess. · ·

a nd nd TRITON TRITON surfactants. surfactants.

200 200

ppm ppm

of of

HYAMINE HYAMINE

3500 3500 are are

n ee d e d d to to g iv e e

powdered powdered d ete r ge n t t sa niti ze r s s with with HYAMINE HYAMINE 3500 3500

For For

exa

mpl

, , in in

h e e

30- se cond cond

C h a mb

e r s s test test only only

cont a in in inform at ion ion to to h e lp lp yo u u formulate formulate liquid liquid or or

for for

high high

a nd nd f ast ast

rmi cida l l activity activity

in in

h a rd rd w ate r. r.

Writ e e for for bull et in s s SAN-170-3 SAN-170-3 a nd nd Th ey ey SAN-171~3. SAN-171~3.

HYAMINE HYAMINE 3500 , , the the ge rmicid e e formul ated ated espec i a ll y y

with with ordinary ordinary quat e rn a r y y ge rmicid es . . But But not not working working s o o with with team. team.

Th e e hard e r r the the wat e r , t , h e e tough e r r it it i s s to to kill kill rin bacteri s in a g a a nd nd hi g h h ge rmicid a l l ac tivity tivity of of t hi s s h a rd

+ +

PARTS PARTS PER PER M ILLION ILLION

H YAM INE INE 3 500 500 0 0

.. ..

+- Effecti v e e

0 0 - Ineffec ti v e e

hardness hardness l eve ls . .

procedur e e at at various various

~ ~

"' "' to to k i ll ll in in the the Chamb ers ers

300 300

"' "'

......

H YAM INE INE 3500 3500 required required

0. 0. "' "'

Concentration Concentration w w

of of

~ ~

::: :::

400 400

0 0

z z

I I

:I: :I:

< <

~ ~

z z 500 500

"' "' "' "'

"' "' < <

u u

~ ~ 600 600

0 0

700 700

in in hard hard ~aters ~aters

800 800

for for high, high, fast fast kill kill

r------, ------, 900 900 HYA HYA 13500 13500 A TRAINING CENTER .....

, , , i A• I

Located on State Highway 47 near ..... Where Surge Service Plato Center, Illinois, this entirely new and completely equipped Surge Training Center is in full Dealers and Babson Men time operation . , .. carrying on a Surge program started over a dec are Trained ..... To Help ade ago. You Do Your Job!

It is important that every Surge Dealer and every Babson man knows exactly how to properly install and service every piece of Surge equipment. He also must be trained to meet many problems - from good cow milking ... through planning a milking parlor system ... to knowing how to help every dairy farmer pro duce good, clean milk. Good cow milking cannot be profitable to the farmer, the consumer or ourselves without careful attention to quality of the product. Your local Surge Dealer is factory-trained and kept up-to-date by Babson men. Feel free to call on either of us if ever the need arises. Q Ba bson Bros. Co ., 1959

BABSON BROS. CO. 2843 w. 19th Street, Chicago 23, Illinois

ATLANTA • DALLAS • KANSAS CITY • MINNEAPOLIS • SACRAMENTO • SEATTLE • SYRACUSE • TORONTO