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The Obelisk and Freemasonry According to the Discoveries Of

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The Obelisk and Freemasonry According to the Discoveries Of ^ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM THE INCOME OF A BEQUEST MADE BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 The original of tliis bool< is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030279495 : PRICE, OKE DOLLAR. > -) THE ' "Obelisk AND FBEEMASQNEY 'ACCORDING TO THE DISCOVERIES ' OP , I . BELZONI AND COMMANDER GORRINGE. EaTPTIAN SYMBOLS COMPARED WITH THOSE DISCOVERED IN AMERICAK MOUNDS. ' JOHN A. WEISSE, M.D., Avttuar qf " Qrigin, Progrem and Dettiny of the English language and litierature." JQOtQJlED.AND PLAIN ILLtJSTHATIGNS, THE HIBEOGLYPHS OF THE ' ~.^2^»ICANAND ENGLISH OBELISKS, AN,B TRANSLATIONS ^^^S.V- INTO ENGLISH BY DR. S. BIKCp. NEW YORK J. W. BOtJTON, 706 BROADWAY. 188.Q. QfarncU UmuKcattg Slihrarg FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY xue aaie snows wnen this volume was taken. To renew this book copy the call No. and give to the libraria.n. HOME USE RULES AU^ooks subject to recall All borrowers must regis- ter in the Ijibrary to borrow books for home use. All books naust be re- turned at end of college year for inspection and repairs. ; Limited books must be returned within the four week limit and not renewed. Students must return all books before leaving town. Office^rs should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. Volumes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as ."" possible. For special pur- poses they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should not use their library privileges for the benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, when the .'...„..•.. giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to re- '• port all cases of books ma:i^ked or mutilated. Do not deface books by marks and writiiic> The Obelisk as it stood at Alexandria. iFrom '^Ebers' Egypt.") : THE OBELISK FREEMASONET ACCORDING TO THE DISCOVERIES BELZONI AND COMMDER GORRINGE. EGYPTIAN SYMBOLS COMPARED WITH THOSE DISCOVERED rsr AMERICAN MOUNDS. JOHN" A. WEISSE, M.D., Atithor of " Origtri, Progreaa ana Deettny of tke English Language and Literature." COLOEED AND PLAIN ILLTJSTEATIONS, THE HIEBOGLYPHS OP THE AMERICAN AND ENGLISH OBELISKS, AND TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH BY DR. S. BIRCH. NEW YORK J. W. BOUTON, 706 BROADWAY. 1880. W^3 h S^GM-Sl COPYEIGHT BY W. BOUTON, ISSO. Teow's Peinting and Bookbinding Compant, 2U1-213 East Twelfth St., New York. MASONIC FRATERNITY ALL OVEB THE GLOBE QH)ie QEpitomc ia JDebicateft, BY THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. As our Secretary of State, Mr. Evarts, considered Com- mander Gorringe's discoveries on tlie Obelisk o£ sufficient importance to open a correspondence between the State Department and our Consul-General, Mr. Farman, we feel encouraged that the manuscripts, drawings, etc., presented to us by Mrs. Belzoni, at Brussels, 1850, will corroborate Com- mander Gorriuge's opinions, and prove that an institution, similar to Freemasonry, existed in Egypt before jpyra/mid^ and dbelisJcs; because the Masonic tools, perj>endiculci/r, square, compass, plummet, etc., were required to construct Egypt's architectural wonders, and must therefore have an- tedated those wonders. Moreover, these implements must have been used in building Babel, l^ineveh, and Babel's Tower in the valley of the Euphrates. The article on Bel- zoni's manuscripts and drawings, published by the Is'^ew York Herald, February 16, 1880, attracted much attention and elicited letters from the far "West ; so did Consul Far- man's erudite and graphic paper, now in the State Depart- ment, among the national archives ; it was published by the ISTew York World, Aprn 21, 1880. In this epitome we shall quote Belzoni's manuscripts on Egyptian Freemasonry, illustrated by colored drawings, as found on the walls of the rock-excavated Masonic Temple, constructed by Pharaoh Seti I. (Osymandias) and his son Kameses II. (Sesostris). Any one who will take the trouble to read this epitome and consider its illustrations, will realize that secret societies like Freemasonry existed in remote an- 4 PREFACE. tiqiuty, and were the prerogative of kings, hierophants, and magnates. "We must not omit to express our heartfelt thanks to those whose works, lectmres, and conversations enabled us to write this epitome: ChampoUion, Dr. Young, Spohn, Bunsen, Gliddon, Lepsius, De Eouge, Wilkinson, Poole, Ebers, Birch, Chabas, Brugsch, Mariette, Maspero, Macoy, Rawson, Ame- lia Edwards, London Athenaeum, Spohn's pupil, Seyffarth, who has been among us in New York for many years, and Mackenzie, whose Royal Masonic Cycloprndia,'^ recently published by J. W. Bouton, of 'Eew York, furnished us most valuable information. Freemasonry, as connected with Belzoni's grand Masonic Temple found in 1818, and with Commander Gorringe's discovery of Masonic emblems and symbols on the obelisk now (June 16, 1880) on its way to Ifew York, will be our chief aim. We shall also mention the 5 obelisks yet standing in Egypt, and relate the adventures of the 11 now in Eome ; 3 elsewhere iu Italy ; 2 in Constantinople ; 2 in France ; 6 in England; 1 on its way to America; and of the one in Germany, which, though the smallest of the 30, is the oldest, being coeval with the Fifth Manethonian Dynasty, which, according to Brugsch, f reigned " 3700 to 3300 B.C." As in Egypt, Pharaohs, princes, hierophants, and mag- nates were masons, engiueers, and architects. Freemasons of our day may look with pride toward the cradle of civiliza- tion, of which the coming obelisk vdll be a worthy represen- tative in the Xew World. JOHN A. WBISSE, M.D. 30 West Eiftbeni'h Stkeet, New Tokk, June 16, 1880. * This ootaTO of 782 pages is really a Thesaurus, not only for Free- masons, but for scholars generally. " f History of Egypt," p. 68. INTRODUCTION. THE OBELISK. This •word is derived from Greek o/SeXia-Kog {spit or hroaoh), whence also Latin oieUsous, French dbelisque, Ger- man obelisk, etc. Under the earliest Pharaohs the Egyp- tian or (Coptic) word for obelisk was TeJchen • but after the Twenty-second Dynasty it was called Men, which meant stability. Another ancient Egyptian term for obelisk was Djeri Anschdi, which means "written cohimn,'''' an appella- tion quite significant and sacred in the Coptic language. An obelisk is a four-sided pillar tapering from the base, and terminating, not in a flat surface, but in 2k pyramidicni, which is the diminutive for pyramid. It is usually of one piece, styled monolith {otlq stone). Originally these mono- liths were used as funeral monuments, and were either of sandstone, limestone, or granite. Later they were of rose-col- ored granite, composed of quartz, feldspar, and hornblende. This granite was named syenite, from Syene, a city in Up- per Egypt, where those beautiful monoliths were quarried. /They w^re placed on pedestals before gateways of the prin- cipal temples in Egypt, one on each side of the door ; thus, an obelisk consists of a pedestal, shaft, and jpyra/midion, which terminates in an a/pex. The artistic rules for the construction of an Egyptian obelisk are : theJength^i2£_Dne^af-4±=e-io«-r^as&4-ises-meas=^ ures one-tenth_of the length of tiiediaft_; . sp_ the pyramidion is one-tenth of _tiLe-Shaft, and forms a graceful top for the 6 INTKODFCTIOir. ^ whole structure, all in keeping witli the tapering shaft and pedestal, which slightly, projects beyond the base of the shaft. PThe Egyptians had observed, that the play of the sunbeams on a polished surface made it appear concawe, al- though it was perfectly level and smooth, and gave to the face a convexity exactly proportionate to that optical illusion. The convexity of the obelisk of Luxor, in Paris, which ap- pears absolutely level, is 16 Hues in the centre. This simple detail clearly shows a minute observation and a very ad- vanced art. Thus their slightly convex sides increase their apparent height. The pyramidion, or apex, was made more pointed in some obelisks than in others^ \ Most Egyptian obelisks bear hieroglyphic inscriptions: the four faces oj^des are engraved with care, despite the hardness of th^s(/e?i^, which must have presented immense difficulties, especially when we consider, that they had no tools and facilities as we have. IIieroglyphs„3rfi_tisaaIly_ engraved on four sides from the top downward- There are three pei-pendicular rows on each side, the middle one of which is read first ; then the one on the right ; and next the one on the left. Thus, 'the translators of obelistie hiero- glyphs pass from side to side and then adjust the whole. On the obelisk of Luxor, in Paris, the medial inscription of three of the sides is dedicated to Eameses H. ; whereas the two lateral of these three sides and the fourth entire side are about Kameses in., who caused the work to be com- pleted. The work of the engraver also differs ; the inscrip- tions of the middle column are deeply cut ; whereas those of the lateral columns have less depth by one-half. This arrangement, thus contrived, is of a harmonious symme- try.* The gracefully proportioned pillar, styled obelisk, was co- eval with budding Egyptian art; for we find it from the * We give these details to enable readers to understand the modus operandi of Egyptologists, who translate the inscriptions on obelisks. Moreover, when they glance at an obelisk, they wUl know how the Egyp- tians read ages ago. INTRODUCTION. 7 Fourth and Fifth Manethonian Dynasties (3Y00 to 8300 b.o.*) to the Koman sway under Domitian, a.d. 132. Obelisks were not only used as monuments to the gods and the 'uead7 but for recording the deeds and reigns of Pharaohs^but, had a.
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