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Summary Catalogue of the Odonata of Peru

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Summary Catalogue of the Odonata of Peru IDF-Report 16 (2009): 1-117 1 Summary catalogue of the Odonata of Peru Kommentiertes Faksimile des Manuskripts von J. COWLEY, Cambridge, 20.05.1933 und aktuelle Liste der Odonaten Perus mit Fundortangaben sowie Historie zu Sammlern und Odonatologen in Peru Joachim Hoffmann1 1alauda, Wendenstr. 435, D-20537 Hamburg, Germany eMail: [email protected] Inhalt Abstract, Resumen, Zusammenfassung.............................................................................................1 Einleitung..................................................................................................................................................6 Faksimile................................................................................................................................................12 Synonymisierte Liste des “COWLEY KATALOGS”..............................................................................37 Anmerkungen zur Cowley-Liste.......................................................................................................44 Karthographische Darstellung und Kommentierungen..................................................................46 Kurze Historie über Listen zu den Odonaten Perus..........................................................................51 Aktuelle Arten- und Fundortliste der Odonaten Perus....................................................................58 Bemerkungen zu Arten und Liste...................................................................................................81 Sammler in Peru und nach ihnen benannte Arten..........................................................................90 Danksagung...........................................................................................................................................97 Anhang.................................................................................................................................................114 Abstract In the entomological library of the Natural History Museum of Lima, Peru, a badly damaged manuscript, entitled 'Summary Catalogue of the Odonata of Peru' was discovered at the beginning of the 1990s. This manuscript had been kept there since 1933. Its author was stated as 'J. Cowley'. Whether indeed Cowley is the sole author of the whole text, cannot be asserted with certainty. However there are numerous indications that the manuscript was written in Cambridge, England. It seems certain that the list itself was written by Cowley, since many examples were given from his collection and the way the locations were cited. Presumably the manuscript was written together with the German veterinarian Paul Martin and his wife Margarita who lived in Lima. Martin was a very enthusiastic amateur lepidopterologist who had set up a network of butterfly collectors in Peru. Insects 2 Hoffmann - Libellen von Peru: Faksimile des Manuskripts von J. COWLEY, Checklist, Historie other than Lepidoptera were passed on by Martin to specialists, dragonflies apparently mainly to Cowley, who named a species in honour of Martin. The manuscript is of great value, since it is the first known and most complete list of Odonata with localities based on the state of knowledge of those days. Up to this time these records were scattered across few and also incomplete lists as part of taxonomic works or collection catalogues. On the basis of the state of knowledge and rules of nomenclature of his days (1933) Cowley named a total of 174 dragonfly species (synonymised 168 species) from 71 localities. Eleven years later Schmidt (1942) published a list of 173 Peruvian odonates, while 21 years later a catalogue with 165 species (synonymised 158 species) was pub- lished by Soukop in 1954. A comprehensive list of 252 species (synonymised to 243) was published by Racenis (1959) 26 years after Cowleys unpublished list. Since then there have been only a few complete lists. Currently and here presen- ted, there are 481 species known from 238 localities, of which 87 were new species first described on the basis of type material from Peru. Up to the end of the 1960s material from commercial collectors and the trade with insects was the basis for most catalogues, with dragonflies being only a by- catch of butterfly collecting expeditions. Publications of lists from scientific ex- peditions on the other hand, were a rare event. The history of Odonatology in Peru is, therefore, largely connected to the history of research and collecting expeditions into the Amazon region for the greater part of the 20th century. Up to the era of Cowley, expeditions into the collection regions of Peru took place mainly out of the east of the continent by way of the Amazon and its tributaries. The first of such odonatological evidences are by the famous Amazon researcher Henry Walter Bates, who also collected a large num- ber of dragonflies between the years 1848 and 1859. With an increasing inte- rest in the flora and fauna in their own country and with the founding of natural history institutions at the beginning of the 20th century in Lima, more and more expeditions were organised from Lima. Until the middle of the last century the majority of researchers and collectors active in Peru were still mainly Europeans. With the beginnings of the 70s of the last century, pure collecting expeditions became progressively less common. Odonata, collected during the last 20 years in Peru, mainly stem from research projects with a defined goal. A map of the locations until 2007 shows that more than 70% of the country is still unexplored as far as odonates are concerned. Thus the list of the 481 species more than likely does not reflect the actual inventory of dragonfly species and distribution of Peru. The register lists all the species which have definitely been recorded for the country and takes into account their present validity and comprehensible taxo- nomic relationships. IDF-Report 16 (2009): 1-117 3 Resumen En la biblioteca entomologica del Museo de Historia Natural en Lima, Perú, fue encontrado a principios de los años 1990 un manuscrito dañado que fue titu- lado como „Summary Catalogue of the Odonata of Peru” y que estaba guardado allí evidentemente desde 1933. Como autor esta indicado „J. Cowley”. No esta comprobado que Cowley sea el autor del texto completo. Sin embargo hay muchos indicios que el manuscrito fue elaborado en Cambridge (Inglaterra). También parece seguro que la lista fué elaborada por Cowley. Esto se explicaría por la forma en que él cita los ejemplares de su colección asi como la forma en que describe el hallazgo de ellos. El manuscrito probablemente fué redactado juntamente con el Veterinario Ale- mán Paul Martin y la esposa de éste, Margarita, pareja esta que vivía en Lima. Martin era un entusiasmado lepidopterologo de hobby y tenia instalado en el Perú una red de coleccionistas de mariposas. De los otros grupos de insectos coleccionados, él entregaba ellos a especialistas de ese campo, en el caso de los Odonatos ellos se entregaban mayormente a Cowley, probablemente por ello él dió el nombre de Martin a una de esas especies. El manuscrito facsimilado para el nivel de conocimiento de entonces es de mu- cho valor, es la primera lista para el Perú que enumera estas especies conocida e indica el lugar de hallazgo. Hasta allí solo existían algunos listas incompletas y ellas eran como partes de trabajos taxonomicos y de catálogos de colección. Cowley de acuerdo a la sistemática de catalogización de esa época (1933) indica 174 especies de libélulas (sinónimisado 168 especies) en 71 lugares del hallazgo. Once años despues Schmidt publica una lista de los « Odonatos de Peru » con 173 especies (1942), luego 21 años despues (1954) Soukop pub- licará un catálogo con 165 especies (sinónimisado 158). Recién después de 26 años del catálogo inédito de Cowley aparecerá en 1959 una lista extensa sobre las libélulas en el Perú, que indica que son 252 especies (sinónimisado 243), este trabajo fué publicado por Racenis. Luego se conoceran solo pocos listados completos. Actualmente, como se publica en la segunda parte de este trabajo, se puede de- cir que para el Peru, existen 481 especies de libélulas las mismas que se hallaron en 238 lugares diferentes del hallazgo y dentro de ellas de acuerdo al material obtenido en el Perú se describen por primera vez 87 especies. Hasta finales de los años 1960, la mayoría de los catálogos se hicieron utilizando sobre todo material de colecciones de uso comercial y de las colecciones que ofrecían los comerciantes de insectos, es conveniente mencionar que la libélulas venían como anadidura adicional a la colecciones de mariposas. En cambio listas como resultados de expediciones científicas eran excepciones raras. 4 Hoffmann - Libellen von Peru: Faksimile des Manuskripts von J. COWLEY, Checklist, Historie Hasta gran parte del siglo 20, la historia de la odonatologia en Perú forma parte de la historia de los viajes de investigación y de coleccionar en las áreas del Amazonas. Hasta los tiempos de Cowley, en el Perú se coleccionaban los insectos entrando por la zona Oeste del sub-continente, abarcando esta el Amazonas y sus afluen- tes. Las primeras muestras odonatologicos de tales viajes serán las que reporta el famoso investigador del Amazonas, Henry Walter Bates, quien coleccionó desde 1848 hasta 1859, incluyendo en ellas a un gran número de libélulas. Debido al aumento del interés en estudiar la flora y fauna en el propio país y la instalación de instituciones de historia natural, se organizaran a comienzos
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