Turk J Bot 29 (2005) 417-423 © TÜB‹TAK Research Article Lichens of Giresun District Giresun Province, Turkey
Kadir KINALIO⁄LU Karadeniz Technical University, Giresun Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Giresun - TURKEY
Received: 27.12.2004 Accepted: 06.10.2005
Abstract: One hundred and six lichen taxa are reported from the city of Giresun and Giresun Island, Turkey. One of these, Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll.Arg., is new to Turkey.
Key Words: lichens, flora, biodiversity, Giresun, Turkey.
Giresun ‹li Merkez ‹lçesinin Likenleri
Özet: Bu çal›flmada Giresun ili ve Giresun adas›ndan 106 liken taksonu tespit edilmifltir. Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Türkiye için yenidir.
Anahtar Sözcükler: likenler, flora, biyoçeflitlilik, Giresun, Türkiye.
Introduction study area. Its annual average precipitation is 1420.6 mm The difference between the western and the eastern and its annual average temperature is 13.7 ºC (Figure 1). part of the lichen vegetation of the Black Sea region is The city of Giresun has a relatively rough land surface well recognised (Öztürk & Güvenç 2003; John & Breuss and the elevation changes from 0 to 230 m, with recent 2004), but there is a lack of detailed information on the holocene in the valleys and along the western part of the exact limitations of the vegetation types and characteristic littoral and uniform upper cretaceous volcanic facies habitats. The present paper helps to define the dominating the rest of the study area (Erentöz, 1962). characteristic structures along the Black Sea coast, Gedikkaya Hill, 3 km SE of the city centre, is the highest especially at the border between the Central Black Sea point in the study area (230 m). The second highest place sub-region and the Eastern Black Sea sub-region (Erol, in the study area is Giresun Castle (140 m). 1983). Only one species ( Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr.) Most of the study area is covered by agricultural was published from the particular study area (Küçük, plantations, particularly Corylus maxima Miller (55%), 1990) previously. The lichen flora of the whole province, which provides a suitable ecological habitat for actually represented by only 42 species, is poorly known corticolous lichen species. The predominant rocks of the (John & Breuss, 2004). study area are siliceous.
Description of Study Area Materials and Methods 2 The study area (c. 30 km ) covers the city of Giresun The lichen specimens were collected between 2000 and Giresun Island, about 2 km NE of the city. The city is and 2004 from 7 areas of the city: situated between 40º 53´ and 40º 57´ N and 38º 19´ and 1. top of Gedikkaya hill and around 38º 28´ E. Giresun Island is located at 40º 55´ N and 38º 26´ E. 2. slopes of Gedikkaya hill According to data from the Giresun meteorological 3. top of Giresun castle and around station for 1990-2004, the oceanic climate prevails in the 4. slopes of Giresun castle
417 Lichens of Giresun District Giresun Province, Turkey
°C mm 100 a b c d 200 Giresun 50m 13.7 1420.6 90 180
80 160
70 140 e 60 120 f 50 100
40 80
30 60
20 40
10 20 g 0 0 123456789101112
Figure 1. Climatic diagram of Giresun district. a: Locality; b: Altitude (m); c: Average annual temperature (°C); d: Average annual precipitation (mm); e: Humid period; f: Precipitation (mm); g: Temperature (°C).
5. city centre Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. 6. sea shore to the north of the city C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad. 7. Giresun Island C. pocillum (Ach.) Grognot The lichen samples are stored in the herbarium of C. rangiformis Hoffm. Giresun Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Karadeniz Technical C. squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. University, Giresun. The nomenclature follows a more or C. unicalis (L.) F.H.Wigg. less modern concept, e.g., Protoparmeliopsis muralis Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman (Schreb.) M.Choisy is accepted for Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. (Hafellner & Türk, 2001; Santesson et Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale al., 2004), segregation of Parmelia s.l. and recently Lecanora gangaleoides Nyl. proposed nomenclatural changes like Parmotrema Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. perlatum (Huds.) M.Choisy replacing Parmotrema P. sulcata Taylor chinense auct. (Hawksworth 2004) and the integration of Neofuscelia in Xanthoparmelia (Blanco et al., 2004). Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrad. P. didactyla (With.) J.R.Laundon
Results P. horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. P. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. Loc. 1 P. praetextata (Sommerf.) Zopf Gedikkaya hill; at the top of the hill (230 m), and near the top (220-225 m), the following lichen species were P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb. found on siliceous rocks, partly overgrown with mosses: Pertusaria lactea (L.) Arnold Caloplaca crenularia (With.) J.R.Laundon Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy C. holocarpa (Ach.) A.E.Wade Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll.Arg. Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach.
418 K. KINALIO⁄LU
BLACK SEA 7 3 4 6 1 5 2 Bulancak Kesap
Giresun districk Dereli N Giresun city centre Giresun Giresun Island
Figure 2. Map of the study area.
Roccella phycopsis Ach. on siliceous rocks, mosses and soil: Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) DT. & Sarnth. X. somloensis (Gyeln.) Hale Cladonia pyxdidata (L.) Hoffm. Xanthoria calcicola Oxner Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J.R.Laundon One species on Berberis vulgaris: Lichinella nigritella (Lettau) Moreno & Egea Parmotrema perlatum (Huds.) M.Choisy Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R.Laundon Loc. 2 P. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. Along the slopes of Gedikkaya hill (140-195 m), Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. siliceous rocks and mosses and different trees were Rinodina teichophila (Nyl.) Arnold examined: Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale on Erica arborea: Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. on Pyrus sp.: Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg
on Berberis vulgaris: Loc. 3 Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. Around the top and at the top of Giresun Castle (120- Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. 140 m), siliceous rocks and the mortar of the monument were investigated, as well as some trees around the on Ulmus glabra: restaurant area. Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr.
419 Lichens of Giresun District Giresun Province, Turkey
on mortar: Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau Caloplaca decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forss. Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.) Breuss C. dolomiticola (Hue) Zahlbr. Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy C. flavescens (Huds.) J.R.Laundon Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog C. lithophila H.Magn. Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. C. saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin Rinodina oxydata (A.Massal.) A.Massal. C. teicholyta (Ach.) J.Steiner Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale Lecanora albescens (Hoffm) Branth & Rostr. X. loxodes (Nyl.) O.Blanco, A.Crespo, Elix, D.Hawksw. L. campestris (Schaer.) Hue & Lumbsch. L. dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. X. somloensis (Gyeln.) Hale Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J.Steiner X. verruculifera (Nyl.) O.Blanco, A.Crespo, Elix, D.Hawksw. & Lumbsch. Verrucaria nigrescens Pers.
Xanthoria calcicola Oxner on siliceous rocks: on Acer sp.: Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) Arnold Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) H.Mayrhofer Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. Caloplaca velana (A.Massal.) Du Rietz Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M.Choisy Candelariella coralliza (Nyl.) H.Magn. Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll.Arg. Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. Catillaria chalybaea (Borrer) A.Massal. Cladonia subrangiformis Sandst. Loc. 4 C. pyxdidata (L.) Hoffm. Along the slopes of the castle hill (40–115 m), Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann siliceous rocks and calcareous substrata were studied. Endocarpon adscendens (Anzi) Müll.Arg. on siliceous rocks: Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Malbr.) Arnold Lecanora gangaleoides Nyl. A. cinerea (L.) Körb. Lecidella carpathica Körb. Buellia spuria (Schaer.) Anzi L. stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert Caloplaca irrubescens (Arnold) Zahlbr. Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J.R.Laundon Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. Lobothallia radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner C. fimbriata (L.) Fr. Parmelia sulcata Taylor C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad. Parmelina tiliaceae (Hoffm.) Ach. C. glauca Flörke Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. C. pyxdidata (L.) Hoffm. Pertusaria aspergilla (Ach.) J.R.Laundon C. rangiformis Hoffm.
420 K. KINALIO⁄LU
Collema subnigrescens Degel. Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norm. X. tinctina (Maheu & A.Gillet) Hale Lecanora gangaleoides Nyl. Parmelia sulcata Taylor on Corylus maxima: Parmelina tiliacea (Harm.) Hale Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr. Peltigera malacea (Ach.) Funck Caloplaca holocarpa (Ach.) Wade Pertusaria aspergilla (Ach.) J.R.Laundon Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. P. tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog L. chlarotera Nyl. Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Essl. Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. Xanthoparmelia tinctina (Maheu & A.Gillet) Hale Opegrapha varia Pers. Parmelia sulcata Taylor on calcareous substrate: Parmotrema arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale Lecanora crenulata Hook. Pertusaria pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. Sarcogyne regularis Körb. Phaeographis dentritica (Ach.) Mull.Arg., (K›nal›o¤lu 40). Loc. 5 Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg In the city centre (near the Giresun Education Faculty, Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H.Olivier Bus Station, Ali R›za Erkan Park and Giresun State P. aipolia (Humb.) Hampe Hospital), 10-140 m, mortar, siliceous rocks and P. leptalea (Ach.) DC. different trees were investigated. P. stellaris (L.) Nyl. on mortar: Ramalina farinaceae (L.) Ach. Caloplaca decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forss. Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) DT. & Sarnth. C. irrubescens (Arnold) Zahlbr. on Laurocerasus officinalis: Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M.Choisy on siliceous rocks: Candelariella vitellina (Hoff.) Müll.Arg. on Malus sp. Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. Physcia aipolia (Humb.) Hampe C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad.
C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. on Prunus sp.: C. rangiformis Hoffm. Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M.Choisy Parmelia sulcata Taylor Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau on Populus sp: P. tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme
421 Lichens of Giresun District Giresun Province, Turkey
Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. Diploschistes caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) Vain. Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H.Olivier Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl. Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale Xanthoria calcicola Oxner on Salix sp.: Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H.Olivier on calcareous rock: Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. Sarcogyne regularis Körb.
on Robinia pseudacacia: Loc. 7 Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. Giresun Island, on siliceous rocks: Caloplaca aractina (Fr.) Häyrén Loc. 6 C. chlorina (Flot.) H.Olivier Sea shore N of the city: C. crenularia (With.) J.R.Laundon Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Malbr.) Arnold C. irrubescens (Arnold) Zahlbr. Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) DT. & Sarnth. Pannaria conoplea (Ach.) Bory Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll.Arg. on calcareous rocks: Collema furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz Caloplaca dolomiticola (Hue) Zahlbr.
Figure 3. Phaeographis dentritica (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Habitus 25 mm.
422 K. KINALIO⁄LU
C. flavescens (Huds.) J.R.Laundon oceanic species (category 2) in the study area are C. teicholyta (Ach.) J.Steiner Arthonia cinnabarina, Cladonia glauca, Hypotrachyna revoluta, Pannaria conoplea, Parmotrema perlatum and Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann Parmotrema arnoldii (Wirth, 1995, 2001). Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy The genus Phaeographis appears to be linked to the Roccella phycopsis Ach. western part of the Black Sea region. Those species with Xanthoria calcicola Oxner a more eastern main distribution within northern Turkey are Arthonia cinnabarina, Hypotrachyna revoluta, and Parmotrema arnoldii . Most of the rest of the species Discussion according to our current knowledge do not vary in their No differences in the floristic elements were found in distribution and are more or less widespread, some with the study area depending on altitude. Roccella phycopsis, a preference for the Aegean region. a species of coastal rocks, grows at 230 m altitude near Air pollution as almost no influence on the lichen flora. the top of Gedikkaya hill. More surprisingly, the alpine A high dominance of Xanthoria parietina and other species Melanelia stygia was found growing near the nitrophileous species ( Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia seashore. The high precipitation and compensatory effect adscendens) in the study area is caused by the oceanic of the sea is reflected by a high percentage of normally climate and saltwater and not, contrary to the inland epiphytic species, like Flavoparmelia caperata, Parmelia areas, by hypereutrophication (Verein Deutscher saxatilis, Parmelia sulcata, Parmelina tiliacea and Ingenieure, 2004). Punctelia subrudecta covering rocks on Gedikkaya hill and at Giresun castle. Acknowledgements The climate diagram of Giresun resembles those of Rize and Zonguldak more than those of neighbouring The author gratefully acknowledges the identification Trabzon and Samsun. Consequently, the lichen flora has of Arthonia cinnabarina, Peltula euploca and affinities to the eastern and western Black Sea coast Phaeographis dentritica by Harrie Sipman, Berlin, and vegetation. Volker John, Bad Dürkheim, for providing data from a short field trip to Giresun castle in 2004 and for valuable Phaeographis dentritica is the only oceanic species in contributions to the text as well as for checking most of this study, included in category 1 of the continental figure the lichen samples. of the indicator values given by Wirth (2001). The
References Blanco O, Crespo A, Elix JA, Hawksworth DL & Lumbsch HT (2004). A Küçük M (1990). Giresun Adas›’n›n Floristik Yap›s›. Ormanc›l›k molecular phylogeny and new classification of parmelioid lichens Araflt›rma Enstitüsü Yay›nlar› 36: 2-58. containing Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan ( Ascomycota: Öztürk fi & Güvenç fi (2003). Lichens from the western part of the Lecanorales). Taxon 53: 959-975. Black Sea Region of Turkey. Acta Botanica Hungarica 45: 169- Erentöz C (1962). Türkiye jeoloji haritas›, 1:500,000, Samsun Ankara: 182. T.C. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü. Santesson R, Moberg R, Nordin A, Tønsberg T & Vitikainen O (2004). Erol O (1983). Die naturräumliche Gliederung der Türkei.- Beihefte Lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Fennoscandia. Uppsala: zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A, Nr. 13: 1- Museum of Evolution. 245. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (2004). Biologische Messverfahren zur Hafellner J & Türk R (2001). Die lichenisierten Pilze Österreichs - eine Ermittlung und Beurteilung der Wirkung von Checkliste der bisher nachgewiesenen Arten mit Luftverunreinigungen auf Flechten (Bioindikation) - Kartierung Verbreitungsangaben. Stapfia 76: 3-167. der Diversität epiphytischer Flechten als Indikator für die Luftgüte. Düsseldorf: VDI-Richtlinie. Hawksworth DL (2004). Rediscovery of the original material of Osbeck’s Lichen chinensis and the re-instatement of the name Wirth V (1995). Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs Teil 1-2. Stuttgart: Parmotrema perlatum (Pameliaceaea). Herzogia 17: 37-44. Ulmer. John V & Breuss O (2004). Flechten der östlichen Schwarzmeer-Region Wirth V (2001). Zeigerwerte von Flechten. - Scripta Geobotanica 18: in der Türkei (BLAM-Exkursion 1997). Herzogia 17: 137-155. 221-243.
423