DOCSLIB.ORG

31295015067076.Pdf (11.66Mb)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
31295015067076.Pdf (11.66Mb) CLASSIFICATION, PHTLDSOilY A'MD ZDDffiDSRAPHY Df T-HE AMERICAM ARAOilllOS OF THE DIDO SCfllZDMIDA !by JON WM. KDWLATO, B.S. A iSISSERTATIUN ITkl Subiritted to tte firadiats Faculty of Texas Tecti UniveTsi'ty in Partiiail Fiuilfillment ©f tte Iteqiuiiiirenffiimts for tltne !Die§ree ©f Accepted ©ecenlber, 1575 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Great appreciation is expressed to Dr. Robert W. Mitchell who, by his consistant example of excellence, has constructed and shaped me as a zoologist, and thus shall share credit for production of this dissertation. The remainder of my committee afforded me generously of their time and advice and are here thanked: Dr. Russell W. Strandtmann, Dr. John S. Mecham, Dr. John E. George, and Dr. David E. Foster. Additional advice was provided by Dr. William R. Atchley. I am further indebted to the Society of Sigma Xi for awarding this study a Grand-in-Aid of Research. Fellow students who have contributed significantly to my dissertation are William R. Elliott, Jerry W. Cooke, and D. Craig Rudolf. Mr. James R. Reddell has given freely of his advice and time, and has in all areas contributed his remarkable knowledge of faunistic zoology in general and schizomids in particular. Dan, Verlee, and Phyllis Brashier Rowland saw this venture to completion. n TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii LIST OF TABLES iv LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF MAPS ix I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 16 III. CLASSIFICATION 22 IV. PHYLOGENETICS 315 V. ZOOGEOGRAPHY 374 BIBLIOGRAPHY 406 111 LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1. Comparisons of the species groups of the American members of the genus Schizomus , 39 2. Measurements of the members of the Protoschizomidae 49 3. Comparisons of the members of the cubanicus group . 52 4. Measurements of the members of the cubanicus group . 95 5. Comparisons of the members of the simonis group . 101 6. Measurements of the members of the simonis group . 125 7. Comparisons of the members of the brasiliensis group 130 8. Measurements of the members of the brasiliensis group 161 9. Comparisons of the members of the mexicanus group 166 10. Descriptive statistics for S^. portoricensis . 205 11. Measurements of the members of the mexicanus group 229 12. Comparisons of the members of the pecki group . 234 13. Measurements of the members of the pecki group . 253 14. Comparisons of the members of the goodnightorum group 257 15. Measurements of the members of the goodnightorum group 268 16. Comparisons of the members of the briggsi group . 271 17. Measurements of the members of the briggsi group . 297 18. Measurements of the species of Schizomus not assigned to groups 313 19. Characters, character states and assigned codes of the major lineages of Schizomida 342 20. Data matrix of the genera 344 21. Characters, character states and assigned codes of the non-briggsi American species groups 347 TV TABLE Page 22. Data matrix of the non-briggsi American species groups . 348 23. Characters, character states and assigned codes of the members of the cubanicus group 351 24. Data matrix of the members of the cubanicus group .... 353 25. Characters, character states and assigned codes of the members of the simonis group 356 26. Data matrix of the members of the simonis group 357 27. Characters, character states and assigned codes of the members of the brasiliensis group 360 28. Data matrix of the members of the brasiliensis group . 362 29. Characters, character states and assigned codes of the members of the mexicanus group 365 30. Data matrix of the members of the mexicanus group .... 367 31. Characters, character states and assigned codes of the members of the briggsi group 370 32. Data matrix of the members of the briggsi group 371 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1. Male and female Agastoschizomus lucifer from Sotano de Yerbaniz, San Luis Potosi 9 2. Male and female Schizomus pentapeltis from near Palm Springs, California, during courtship. Male S^. mexicanus from Sotano de la Tinaja, San Luis Potosi . 11 3-6. Generalized schizomidan anatomy 13 7-13. Generalized schizomidan anatomy 15 14-19. Parts of protoschizomids 47 20-28. Dorsal views of male's flagella of the cubanicus group 79 29-33. Dorsal views of male's flagella of S^. viridis from various localities 81 34-44. Male's flagella of the cubanicus group 83 45-57. Parts of male schizomids of the cubanicus group ... 85 58-60. Lateral views of male's right pedipalps of the cubanicus group 87 61-68. Lateral views of male's right pedipalp of the cubanicus group 89 69-73. Male's right pedipalps of the cubanicus group .... 91 74-86. Female's spermathecae of the cubanicus group .... 93 87-94. Dorsal views of male's flagella of the simonis group 119 95-106. Parts of schizomids of the simonis group 121 107-118. Female's spermathecae of the simonis group 123 119-125. Dorsal views of male's flagella of the brasiliensis group 153 126-136. Male's flagella of the brasiliensis group 155 137-145. Parts of schizomids of thVI e brasiliensis group .... 157 FIGURE Page 146-154. Female's spermathecae of the brasiliensis group . 159 155-163. Dorsal views of male's flagella of the mexicanus group 215 164-170. Parts of schizomids of the mexicanus group 217 171-182. Lateral views of male's flagella of the mexicanus group 219 183-190. Female's spermathecae of the mexicanus group .... 221 191-198. Female's spermathecae of the mexicanus group .... 223 199-211. Parts of schizomids of the mexicanus group 225 212-215. Male's pedipalps of S.. mitchelli 227 216-221. Parts of schizomids of the pecki group 247 222-228. Female's spermathecae of the pecki group 249 229-234. Parts of schizomids of the pecki group 251 235-240. Parts of male schizomids of the goodnightorum group . 264 241-247. Parts of schizomids of the goodnightorum group . 266 248-253. Male's flagella of the briggsi group 289 254-259. Parts of schizomids of the briggsi group 291 260-265. Female's spermathecae of the briggsi group 293 266-272. Parts of male schizomids of the briggsi group .... 295 273-279. Parts of male schizomids 309 280-284. Parts of schizomids 311 285. Schematic diagram of the probable cladistic relationships of the flagella of schizomidans .... 330 286-287. Cladograms of the genera of schizomidans 346 288. Cladogram of the non-briggsi groups of American schizomids vn 350 FIGURE Page 289. Cladogram of the members of the cubanicus group 355 290. Cladogram of the members of the simonis group 359 291. Cladogram of the members of the brasiliensis group . 364 292. Cladogram of the members of the mexicanus group 369 293. Cladogram of the members of the briggsi group 373 vm LIST OF MAPS MAP Page 1. Distribution of schizomids of the cubanicus group 54 2. Distribution of schizomids of the simonis group . 54 3. Distribution of protoschizomids 168 4. Distribution of schizomids of the pecki and goodnightorum groups 168 5. Distribution of schizomids of the mexicanus group . 168 6. Distribution of schizomids of the briggsi group . 132 7. Distribution of schizomids of the brasiliensis group 132 8. Evolutionary zoogeography of the cubanicus group . 381 9-11. Evolutionary zoogeography of the brasiliensis group 386 12-14. Evolutionary zoogeography of the mexicanus group . 392 15-17. Evolutionary zoogeography of the briggsi group . 399 IX CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The purposes of this research were: (1) to provide a classification of generic and familial taxa of the arachnid order Schizomida on a world-wide basis, including a list of all species and a bibliography containing the entire primary literature; (2) to describe and classify the complete New World fauna as far as available material would allow; (3) to perform phylogenetic studies on the World genera and familial taxa, and New World species; and (4) to analyze the zoogeographical relationships of taxa wherever evidence allowed. Phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations and results are highly interdependent and were developed simultaneously, but are discussed separately herein. The order Schizomida, like a few other minor arachnid orders, encompasses a manageable number of species of surprisingly few adaptive types. Though morphologically conservative, they have a nearly complete pan-tropical distribution and are often abundant, and hence probably ecologically very important in certain areas. These arachnids have received little attention, however, aside from descriptive works, since the first was described in 1872. The first critical study of the known species was that of Hansen and Sorensen (1905) and aside from the taxonomy in this paper the anatomical information is still quite useful. Lawrence (1969) produced a revision of African fauna, which stands as the only regional treatment. Millot (1949) gave the only detailed account, and Savory 1 (1964) gave a general account of all aspects of schizomid biology. The works of Gravely (1915), Rowland (1972), Beck (1968a, 1968b), and Sturm (1958, 1973) offer all the information on behavior. The only major works on descriptive internal anatomy are those of Borner (1902a, 1902b, 1904), Modder (1960), and Rowland (in preparation). Post embryonic development of most schizomids probably consists of five instars over a period of two or three years. The nymphal instars resemble the adults but are smaller and lack, in varying degrees, the cuticular sclerotization of the adults. The sexual differences manifest in the flagellum, pedipalps and primary sexual organs occur at the last molt, although penultimate males are sometimes recognizable by the shape of the flagellum. The general breeding habits of schizomids were originally assumed to be similar to that of the uropygids. Subsequently, Hansen and Sorensen (1905) described a spermatophore attached to the venter of a female, confirming a similarity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Two New Cave-Dwelling Species of the Short-Tailed Whipscorpion
    Two New Cave-Dwelling Species of the Short-Tailed Whipscorpion Genus Rowlandius (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from Northeastern Brazil, with Comments on Male Dimorphism Adalberto J. Santos1*, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira2, Bruno A. Buzatto3 1 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 3 Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Abstract Two new species of the arachnid order Schizomida, Rowlandius ubajara sp.nov. and Rowlandius potiguar sp.nov., are described based on both male and female specimens collected in caves from northeastern Brazil. Rowlandius ubajara is known only from the Ubajara Cave, in the state of Ceara´; R. potiguar is recorded from 20 caves of the Apodi Limestone Group, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. A remarkable dimorphism in male pedipalp length is described and analyzed in R. potiguar. The distribution of male pedipalp length is clearly bimodal in the species, but the two male morphs (homeomorphic and heteromorphic) present some overlap in the sizes of this structure. Moreover, males show a steeper allometry in pedipalp length than females, indicating that this trait is under a different selective regime in males and in females. Citation: Santos AJ, Ferreira RL, Buzatto BA (2013) Two New Cave-Dwelling Species of the Short-Tailed Whipscorpion Genus Rowlandius (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from Northeastern Brazil, with Comments on Male Dimorphism. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63616. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063616 Editor: Donald James Colgan, Australian Museum, Australia Received November 4, 2012; Accepted April 3, 2013; Published May 22, 2013 Copyright: ß 2013 Santos et al.
    [Show full text]
  • (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) with Notes on the Taxonomy of the Indian Fauna
    TAPROBANICA , ISSN 1800-427X. October, 2012. Vol. 04, No. 02: pp. 65-68. © Taprobanica Private Limited, 146, Kendalanda, Homagama, Sri Lanka. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS OF INDIAN SHORT-TAILED WHIP-SCORPIONS (SCHIZOMIDA: HUBBARDIIDAE) WITH NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE INDIAN FAUNA Sectional Editors: James Cokendolpher & Mark Harvey Submitted: 23 July 2012, Accepted: 24 Sept. 2012 Mandar L. Kulkarni ‘Aashirvad’, L. I. C. Colony-2, Near Rajiv Gandhi School, Latur- 413512, Maharashtra, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Indian hubbardiids which were recently described but had doubtful generic placements are revised. The new genus Gravelyzomus is described here for Schizomus chalakudicus Bastawade, 2002. A new combination is proposed for Schizomus chaibassicus Bastawade, 2002 which is newly transferred to the genus Burmezomus. Key words: Gravelyzomus, Burmezomus chaibassicus, Arachnida, taxonomy, India. Introduction The Indian species of the arachnid order to unusual morphology of female genitalia. Schizomida are very poorly characterized and Bastawade (2004) studied some species represented by only six species: Tritheryus deposited by Gravely in the Zoological Survey sijuensis Gravely, 1925; Ovozomus lunatus of India (ZSI), and redescribed six species (Gravely, 1911); “Schizomus” kharagpurensis using criteria developed by Reddell & Gravely, 1912; Schizomus chaibassicus Cokendolpher (1995), of which only two Bastawade, 2002; Schizomus chalakudicus species were reported from India. Although Bastawade, 2002; and Neozomus tikaderi
    [Show full text]
  • PEARCE-SELLARDS SERIES NUMBER 47 Redescription of Schizomus Crassicaudatus (Pickard-Cambridge) and Diagnoses of Hubbardia Cook
    Pearce-Sellards Series No. 47 PEARCE-SELLARDS SERIES NUMBER 47 Redescription of Schizomus crassicaudatus (Pickard-Cambridge) and diagnoses of Hubbardia Cook, Stenochrus Chamberlin, and Sotanostenochrus new genus, with description of a new species of Hubbardia from California (Arachnida: Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) James R. Reddell Texas Memorial Museum University of Texas at Austin 2400 Trinity Austin, Texas 78705, U.S.A. James C. Cokendolpher 2007 29th St. Lubbock, Texas 79411, U.S.A. The Pearce-Sellards Series is an occasional. miscellaneousseries ofbrief reports of Museum and Museum associated field investigations and other research. All manuscripts are subjected to extramural peer review before being accepted. The series title commemorates the first two directors of the Texas Memorial Museum: Dr. J. E. Pearce, Professor of Anthropology, The University of Texasat Austin, and Dr. E. H. Sellards, Professor of Geology, The University of Texas at Austin. Both professors are now deceased. © 1991 by Texas Memorial Museum The University of Texas at Austin All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America This is Publication No. N.S.-18 of the Texas Memorial Museum. 1991 Schizomida: Hubbardiidae 1 ABSTRACT Schizomus crassicaudatus (Pickard-Cambridge) from Sri Lanka is redescribed from the type series, and lectotypes of Nyctalops crassicaudata and A. tenuicaudata are designated. Hubbardia Cook, previously considered a synonym of Schizomus Cook, is considered valid and rediagnosed to include species from California and Arizona (U.S.A.). The family Hubbardiidae Cook has priority and therefore is used rather than Schizomidae Hansen and Sorensen. Likewise, Hubbardiinae Cook is substituted for Schizominae Hansen and Sorensen. Additional descriptive notes and records are provided and a lectotype is designated for Hubbardiapentapeltis Cook.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomechanics and Functional Morphology of Amblypygid Predation C J MCLEAN
    Biomechanics and Functional Morphology of Amblypygid Predation C J MCLEAN PhD 2020 1 Biomechanics and Functional Morphology of Amblypygid Predation Callum McLean A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Manchester Metropolitan University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Science and the Environment Faculty of Science and Engineering The Manchester Metropolitan University 2020 2 Contents General Abstract - Acknowledgments - Chapter 1: Introduction - Introduction to Amblypygids - Arachnid Pedipalps - Amblypygid Pedipalps - Development of Sexual Dimorphism in Arachnids - Prey Capture in Arachnids - Prey Capture in Amblypygids - Summary and Thesis Aims - References - Chapter 2: Sexual Dimorphism in the Arachnid Orders - Abstract - Introduction - Aim/Survey Methodology - Standard figure abbreviations - Acari - 3 Amblypygi - Araneae - Palpigradi - Pseudoscorpiones - Opiliones - Ricinulei - Schizomida - Scorpiones - Solifugae - Uropygi - Discussion - Trends in SD across Arachnida - Selective pressures for SD in Arachnida - Conclusion - References - Appendix i - Supplementary material 1 - Supplementary material 2 - 4 Chapter 3: Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the raptorial pedipalps of Giant Whip Spiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi) - Abstract - Introduction - Materials and Methods - Results - Discussion - References - Appendix i - Supplementary material - Chapter 4: The Application of Elliptical Fourier Analysis to Quantify Patterns of Pedipalp Shape Complexity in a Diverse Sample of Amblypygid
    [Show full text]
  • Schizomida: Hubbardiidae)
    RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 26 202–208 (2011) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.26(2).2011.202-208 Notes on some Old World schizomids of the genera Ovozomus and Schizomus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) Mark S. Harvey Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australian 6986, Australia. Email: [email protected]. Research Associate: Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, New York 10024–5192, USA. Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94103–3009 USA. Adjunct: School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. ABSTRACT – To clarify the systematic status of several Asian schizomid species, type specimens of several species were examined. Schizomus (Trithyreus) lunatus Gravely from India is transferred to Ovozomus Harvey, forming the new combination Ovozomus lunatus (Gravely). Schizomus similis Hirst from India, and S. remyi Lawrence from Réunion are new junior synonyms of O. lunatus, which is newly recorded from Christmas Island and Cook Islands. Schizomus (Trithyreus) peradeniyensis Gravely from Sri Lanka is redescribed and transferred to the genus Ovozomus, forming the new combination Ovozomus peradeniyensis (Gravely). Schizomus perplexus Gravely from Sri Lanka, recently moved to Notozomus Harvey, is returned to the genus Schizomus. Trithyreus suboculatus Pocock (from Sri Lanka) is designated as a nomen dubium as the holotype is an unidentifi able juvenile. KEYWORDS: taxonomy, morphology, new synonyms, new combinations, Trithyreus. INTRODUCTION 2000s (Armas 2002; Armas and Colmenares 2006; The Old World schizomid fauna is poorly known.
    [Show full text]
  • Schizomida: Hubbardiidae)
    RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 26 202–208 (2011) Notes on some Old World schizomids of the genera Ovozomus and Schizomus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) Mark S. Harvey Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australian 6986, Australia. Email: [email protected]. Research Associate: Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, New York 10024–5192, USA. Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94103–3009 USA. Adjunct: School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. ABSTRACT – To clarify the systematic status of several Asian schizomid species, type specimens of several species were examined. Schizomus (Trithyreus) lunatus Gravely from India is transferred to Ovozomus Harvey, forming the new combination Ovozomus lunatus (Gravely). Schizomus similis Hirst from India, and S. remyi Lawrence from Réunion are new junior synonyms of O. lunatus, which is newly recorded from Christmas Island and Cook Islands. Schizomus (Trithyreus) peradeniyensis Gravely from Sri Lanka is redescribed and transferred to the genus Ovozomus, forming the new combination Ovozomus peradeniyensis (Gravely). Schizomus perplexus Gravely from Sri Lanka, recently moved to Notozomus Harvey, is returned to the genus Schizomus. Trithyreus suboculatus Pocock (from Sri Lanka) is designated as a nomen dubium as the holotype is an unidentifi able juvenile. KEYWORDS: taxonomy, morphology, new synonyms, new combinations, Trithyreus. INTRODUCTION 2000s (Armas 2002; Armas and Colmenares 2006; The Old World schizomid fauna is poorly known. Armas and Teruel 2002; Bastawade 2004; Cokendolpher Of a total world fauna of 272 species, only 114 species and Reddell 2000; Harvey 2000a, 2001a, 2001b, 2006; are described from the Old World with nearly half (52 Harvey et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), with Description of Five New Species from Chiapas, Mexico
    Zootaxa 3915 (4): 451–490 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3915.4.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7BC2D981-BCBC-448B-8F85-4D1DD1097BDD Taxonomic revision of the genus Mayazomus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), with description of five new species from Chiapas, Mexico RODRIGO MONJARAZ-RUEDAS1,2,3 & OSCAR F. FRANCKE2 1Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, México 2Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 3er. Circuito exterior s/n. Apartado Postal 70-153, C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 451 Resumen . 452 Introduction . 452 Material and methods . 453 Pedipalp setae nomenclature . 453 Taxonomy . 454 Family Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899 . 454 Subfamily Hubbardiinae Cook, 1899 . 454 Genus Mayazomus Reddell and Cokendolpher, 1995 . 454 Identification key for species of Mayazomus Reddell and Cokendolpher, 1995. 456 Mayazomus infernalis (Rowland, 1975) . 457 Mayazomus hoffmannae (Reddell and Cokendolpher, 1986) . 461 Mayazomus tzotzil, new species . 465 Mayazomus aluxe, new species . 469 Mayazomus kaamuul, new species . 475 Mayazomus yaax, new species . 478 Mayazomus loobil, new species . 483 Discussion . 487 Acknowledgments . 489 Literature cited . 489 Abstract The genus Mayazomus currently contains two species from southeastern Mexico. It was originally characterized by a strongly elongated pedipalp trochanter, united in its entire width to the femur; the patella strongly curved; the tibia with a large mesal apophysis opposable to tarsus; the spermathecae with two pairs of thin lobes subequal in length; and the pres- ence of four or more setae on tergite II.
    [Show full text]
  • Schizomida De Sudamérica (Chelicerata: Arachnida)
    Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), nº 46 (2010) : 203234. SCHIZOMIDA DE SUDAMÉRICA (CHELICERATA: ARACHNIDA) Luis F. de Armas Apartado Postal 4327, San Antonio de los Baños, La Habana 32500, Cuba [email protected] Resumen: La fauna sudamericana de esquizómidos está integrada por una familia (Hubbardiidae), 12 géneros y 45 especies, incluidos tres géneros inéditos y 11 especies aún no descritas, la mayoría en el género Surazomus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995. Solo Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 no constituye un endemismo de este subcontinente. Los géneros más diversificados son Surazomus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995, con 21 especies (incluidas ocho aún no descritas) y Hansenoch- rus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995, con 12 especies; ambos géneros contienen, en conjunto, 75% del total de especies suda- mericanas conocidas. El país con mayor diversidad es Venezuela (siete géneros y 10 especies), seguido por Brasil, Colombia y Ecuador. Cuatro géneros (Adisomus Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, Tayos Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995, Stenoschizomus González-Sponga, 1997 y Wayuuzomus Armas & Colmenares García, 2006), son monotípicos y exclusivos de Sudamérica: el primero, de Brasil; el segundo, de Ecuador; y los otros dos, de Venezuela. Sin embargo, esta composición taxonómica solo re- presenta una pequeña fracción de la fauna que realmente vive en este extenso territorio del trópico americano. Palabras clave: Schizomida, Hubbardiidae, taxonomía, Neotrópico, Región Andina. Schizomida of South America (Chelicerata: Arachnida) Abstract: The order Schizomida is represented in South America by one family (Hubbardiidae), 12 genera and 45 species, in- cluding three undescribed genera and 11 undescribed species, most of them in the genus Surazomus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995. Only one species, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 is not endemic to this subcontinent.
    [Show full text]
  • Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from North America Illuminate Biogeography of Shorttailed Whipscorpions in the New World 245- 263 78 (2): 245 – 263 2020
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny Jahr/Year: 2020 Band/Volume: 78 Autor(en)/Author(s): Monjaraz-Ruedas Rodrigo, Prendini Lorenzo, Francke Oscar F. Artikel/Article: First species of Surazomus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from North America illuminate biogeography of shorttailed whipscorpions in the New World 245- 263 78 (2): 245 – 263 2020 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2020. First species of Surazomus (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from North America illuminate biogeography of short- tailed whipscorpions in the New World Rodrigo Monjaraz-Ruedas *, 1, 2, Lorenzo Prendini 3 & Oscar F. Francke 2 1 Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico; Rodrigo Monjaraz-Ruedas * [[email protected]] — 2 Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, In- stituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er. Circuito exterior s/n, Apartado Postal 70-153, C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico; Oscar F. Francke [[email protected]] — 3 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, U.S.A.; Lorenzo Prendini [[email protected]] — * Corre - s pond ing author Accepted on June 20, 2020. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on August 28, 2020. Editors in charge: Monika J.B. Eberhard & Klaus-Dieter Klass Abstract. Three new species of the short-tailed whipscorpion genus Surazomus Reddell & Cokendolpher (Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899) are described from Mexico: Surazomus chiapasensis sp.n., from Chiapas, Surazomus escondido sp.n., and Surazomus peregrinus sp.n., both from Oaxaca.
    [Show full text]