Zoological Studies 44(3): 361-367 (2005)

Rotifers from Province, Northeast Thailand, with Notes on New and Rare Species Sukonthip Savatenalinton1 and Hendrik Segers2,* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. E-mail: [email protected] 2Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Freshwater Biology, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]

(Accepted April 3, 2005)

Sukonthip Savatenalinton and Hendrik Segers (2005) Rotifers from Kalasin Province, Northeast Thailand, with notes on new and rare species. Zoological Studies 44(3): 361-367. We report on a survey of rotifers from 30 habitats in Kalasin Province, Northeast Thailand, collected during Dec. 2001. One hundred and fifty species were identified. One of them, Lecane lungae sp. nov. is new to science, and two, L. opias (Harring and Myers), and L. stichoclysta Segers are new to the Oriental region and Thailand; the record of L. stichoclysta is the sec- ond record ever of the species after its description from Nigeria (Africa). In addition, we illustrate a remarkable morphological variant of Keratella cochlearis. These records, together with the new occurrences of other endemic rotifer species illustrate the remarkable diversity of the Thai rotifer fauna, and add to our knowledge of rotifer chorology. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.3/361.pdf

Key words: Rotifera, Biodiversity, Southeast Asia, Lecane lungae new species.

Thailand, a tropical country, is situated MATERIALS AND METHODS between 5 32'N~20 8'N, and 97 21'E~105 38'E. It has an area° of 513,115° km2 and° has a wide° vari- Rotifer samples were qualitatively collected ety of freshwater ecosystem types. In recent from the littoral zone of 30 habitats using a 40-µm- years, the Thai rotifer fauna has been comprehen- mesh plankton net, and immediately preserved in sively investigated, focusing on three main parts of 4% formaldehyde. Specimens were sorted and Thailand: the northeastern part (e.g., Sanoamuang examined using an Olympus-CH30 compound et al. 1995, Sanoamung and Savatenalinton 1999 microscope, and drawings were made with a cam- 2001, Segers et al. 2004), the northern part (e.g., era lucida. Light microscopic photographs were Sanoamuang 1998), and the southern part taken under an Olympus AX 70 dissecting micro- (Segers and Pholpunthin 1997, Chittapun et al. scope equipped with an Olympus PM - C 35 DX 1999 2003). Herein we report on the first exten- automatic camera. sive survey of rotifers in Kalasin Province (Fig. 1, 16 10'N~17 3'N, 103 7'E~104 16'E), Northeast Thailand.° Results° include° a hitherto° unknown RESULTS AND DISCUSSION species of Lecane, and several other rare or other- wise interesting rotifer species. The results are In total, 150 rotifer species were identified discussed in a biogeographical context. from the 30 samples collected (Table 1). Of these, the majority (50 species, 33.3%) belong to the genus Lecane, followed by Lepadella (15 species,

*To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed.

361 362 Zoological Studies 44(3): 361-367 (2005)

Table 1. List of Rotifera from Kalasin Province, Thailand

Anuraeopsis coelata (de Beauchamp) L. batillifer (Murray) L. apsicora (Myers) A. fissa (Gosse) L. bifurca (Bryce) L. costatoides Segers Ascomorpha ecaudis (Perty) L. blachei Berzins L. ehrenbergi (Perty) A. ovalis (Carlin, 1943) L. bulla (Gosse) L. elliptica Wulfert A. saltans Bartsch L. clara (Bryce) L. elongata Koste Asplanchna brightwellii (Gosse) L. closterocerca (Schmarda) L. heterostyla Murray A. priodonta Gosse L. crepida Harring L. lindaui Koste Brachionus angularis Gosse L. curvicornis (Murray) L. ovalis (Müller) B. calyciflorus Pallas L. decipiens (Murray) L. patella (Müller) B. caudatus Barrois and Daday L. doryssa Harring L. rhomboides (Gosse) B. dichotomus Shephard f. reductus L. elegans Harring L. triba Myers Koste and Shiel L. flexilis (Gosse) L. triptera (Ehrenberg) B. diversicornis (Daday) L. furcata (Murray) L. vandenbrandei Gillard B. donneri Brehm L. haliclysta Harring and Myers Lophocharis salpina (Ehrenberg) B. falcatus Zacharias L. hamata (Stokes) Macrochaetus collinsi (Gosse) B. forficula Wierzejski L. hastata (Murray) M. sericus (Thorpe) B. quadridentatus Hermann L. hornemanni (Ehrenberg) Monommata species B. rubens Ehrenberg L. inermis (Bryce) Mytilina ventralis (Ehrenberg) Cephalodella forficula (Ehrenberg) L. inopinata Harring and Myers Notommata pachyura (Gosse) C. gibba (Ehrenberg) L. lateralis Sharma Notommata species C. songkhlaensis Segers and Pholpunthin L. leontina (Turner) Plationus patulus (Müller) Collotheca species L. ludwigii (Eckstein) Ploesoma hudsoni (Imhof) Colurella adriatica Ehrenberg L. luna (Müller) Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin C. obtusa (Gosse) L. lunaris (Ehrenberg) Pompholyx complanata Gosse C. sulcata (Stenroos) bL. lungae sp. nov. Ptygura species indet. C. uncinata (Müller) L. nana (Murray) Scaridium longicaudum (Müller) Conochilus coenobasis (Skorikov) L. obtusa (Murray) Sinantherina ariprepes Edmondson C. hippocrepis (Schrank) aL. opias (Harring and Myers) S. semibullata (Thorpe) C. natans (Seligo) L. papuana (Murray) S. spinosa (Thorpe) Dicranophoroides caudatus (Ehrenberg) aL. paxiana Hauer Synchaeta stylata Wierzejski Dicranophorus epicharis Harring and Myers L. punctata (Murray) Testudinella ahlstromi Hauer Dipleuchanis propatula (Gosse) L. pusilla Harring T. parva (Ternetz) Epiphanes clavulata (Ehrenberg) L. pyriformis (Daday) T. patina (Hermann) Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg L. rhenana Hauer T. tridentata Smirnov E. incisa Carlin L. robertsonae Segers T. walkeri Koste and Shiel Filinia camasecla Myers L. ruttneri Hauer Trichocerca bicristata (Gosse) F. longiseta (Ehrenberg) L. segersi Sanoamuang T. bidens (Lucks) F. novaezealandiae L. shieli Segers and Sanoamuang T. braziliensis (Murray) Shiel and Sanoamuang L. signifera (Jennings) T. capucina Wierzejski and Zacharias F. opoliensis (Zacharias) L. sola Hauer T. chattoni (De Beauchamp) Floscularia species L. stenroosi (Meissner) T. cylindrica (Imhof) Hexarthra intermedia Wiszniewski aL. stichoclysta Segers T. insignis (Herrick) H. mira (Hudson) L. tenuiseta Harring T. insulana Hauer Keratella cochlearis (Gosse) L. thailandensis T. longiseta (Schrank) K. lenzi Hauer Segers and Sanoamuang T. pusilla (Lauterborn) K. procurva (Thorpe) L. thienemanni (Hauer) T. siamensis Segers and Pholpunthin K. tecta (Gosse) L. undulata Hauer T. similis (Wierzejski) K. tropica (Apstein) L. unguitata (Fadeev) T. tenuior Gosse Keratella species L. ungulata (Gosse) T. tigris (Müller) Lecane aculeata (Jakubski) Lepadella acuminata (Ehrenberg) T. weberi (Jennings) L. arcula Harring L. amphitropis Harring Trichotria tetractis (Ehrenberg) aNew to Southeast Asia; bnew to science irrelevant Savatenalinton and Segers -- Rotifers from Kalasin, Thailand 363

10%) and Trichocerca (14 species, 9.33%). This is region, while L. paxiana Hauer is new to Thailand in general agreement with other reports on tropical and Southeast Asia. Additionally, we found a sin- littoral rotifer taxocoenoses (e.g., Dussart et al. gle specimen representing a peculiar taxon 1984), including Southeast Asia (Segers 2001), belonging to the Keratella cochlearis group. This and, in particular, Thailand (Segers et al. 2004). result increases the Thai rotifer record from 343 Most of the rotifers found have already been (Sanoamuang and Savatenalinton 1999 2001, recorded from Thailand (Sanoamuang et al. 1995, Sanoamuang 2001, Chittapun et al. 2003, Segers Segers and Pholpunthin 1997, Sanoamuang 1998, et al. 2004) to 347. Our additions confirm the Thai Sanoamuang and Savatenalinton 1999 2001). rotifer fauna as the best documented of all Some of these, however, deserve special mention Southeast Asian countries (see Segers 2001). as Thai (Cephalodella songkhlaensis Segers and Pholpunthin, Fig. 3; Lecane segersi Sanoamuang L. shieli Segers and Sanoamuang, Fig. 8), or NOTES ON SELECTED SPECIES Oriental (Lecane blachei Berzins L. thailandensis Segers and Sanoamuang, Fig. 9) endemics. Lecane lungae sp. nov. Three taxa are Australasian (Brachionus dichoto- (Figs. 6, 11, 12) mus Shephard f. reductus Koste and Shiel, Fig. 2; Lecane batillifer (Murray), Testudinella walkeri Type locality: Chalerm Prakiat Reservoir, Koste and Shiel), five are Eastern-Hemispheric Kalasin Prov., Thailand. taxa (Brachionus diversicornis (Daday), Material examined: Holotype and two Brachionus forficula Wierzejski, and the tropical paratypes deposited in the Science Museum, Lecane lateralis Sharma, Lecane unguitata Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, (Fadeev), and Lepadella vandenbrandei Gillard). Thailand (MSU-KS 013-001). One female These, together with the species treated below, paratype deposited in the collections of the Royal account for a sizable fraction of the biogeographi- Belgian Institute for Natural Science (K.B.I.N.), cally interesting taxa in the record. Brussels, Belgium. All specimens from the type The new species described below and two locality, collected 23 Dec. 2001. other taxa (Lecane opias (Harring and Myers) and Differential diagnosis: Lecane lungae sp. nov. L. stichoclysta Segers) are new to the Oriental can easily be confused with a whole series of rela-

Thailand

19 30 27 26 18 21 22 25 29 7 20 4 23 24 28 6 5 11 15 14 1 13 12 8 10 2 9 3 16 17 0 5 10 20 30 KM

Fig. 1. Sampled localities in Kalasin Province, northeastern Thailand. 364 Zoological Studies 44(3): 361-367 (2005) tively small Lecane species with straight or slightly Description: Lorica stiff. Dorsal plate anterior- convex and coincident anterior margins, angulate ly slightly narrower, medially wider than ventral anterolateral corners of the lorica, and toes with plate, weakly ornamented. Dorsal and ventral claws (Table 2). Following the key by Segers head aperture margins straight, nearly coincident, (1995), the species will key out to L. aeganea straight or weakly convex. Ventral plate slightly Harring (Fig. 7) and L. pusilla Harring. It can be longer than wide, with incomplete transverse and distinguished from the former by its projecting foot longitudinal folds. Lateral margin straight, smooth pseudosegment, relatively short and incompletely or irregularly folded. Lateral sulci shallow. Foot separated claws, and smaller size; and from L. plate with narrow, elongate coxal plates. Prepedal pusilla by its projecting foot pseudosegment, fold narrow, elongate, distally with median projec- incompletely separated claws, and weakly pro- tion. Foot pseudosegment slightly projecting, with nounced lorica ornamentation. The animal could small lateral lobes. Toes parallel-sided, completely also be confused with L. nana (Murray) and L. pax- separated. Claws incompletely separated. iana Hauer (see Fig. 14), from which it differs by its Measurements (range and mean, in µm): clearly narrower dorsal than ventral anterior mar- Dorsal plate length 66-68 (67.2), width 60-61 gin of the lorica and basally separated toes. (60.67), ventral plate length 71-72 (71.5), width 52-

23 4

56 7

8910

Figs. 2-10. Various Rotifera, photomicrographs. 2. Brachionus dichotomus f. reductus, ventral view; 3. Cephalodella songkhlaensis, lateral view; 4. Keratella cf. cochlearis, ventral view; 5. Lecane stichoclysta, dorsal view; 6. L. lungae sp. nov., ventral view; 7. L. aeganea Harring and Myers, ventral view (Thai specimen from the Kuang River, ); 8. L. shieli, ventral view; 9. L. thailandensis, ventral view; 10. L. opias, ventral view. (To facilitate comparisons, Figs. 6 and 7 are reproduced to the same scale). Savatenalinton and Segers -- Rotifers from Kalasin, Thailand 365

54 (53.17), toe length 22-23 (22.67), pseudoclaw recorded from the type locality during the cool sea- 7-8 (7.33). son. The water temperature was 25 C and the pH Etymology: The species is named after Mrs. was 7.27. ° Lung Savatenalinton in recognition of her long- term moral support to the first author. Lecane opias (Harring and Myers) Distribution and ecology: Lecane lungae sp. (Figs.10, 13) nov. is a rare species and occurred in small num- bers only. This species has to date only been Lecane opias is considered a Holarctic

Table 2. Comparison of Lecane lungae sp. nov. with some related taxa

Lecane lungae sp. nov. Lecane aeganea Lecane baimaii Sanoamuang Harring, 1914 and Savatenalinton, 1999a

Dorsal: ventral lorica width 1.14 - 1.19 1.0 - 1.1 1.16 - 1.17 medially Dorsal: ventral lorica width 0.88 - 0.90 0.84 - 0.89 0.71 - 0.76 anteriorly Ornamentation weak weak strong Lateral sulci shallow deep shallow Lateral margins of foot lobed lobed smooth pseudosegment Foot pseudosegment relative projecting posterior margins completely covered to posterior margin of ventral plate coincident Toe: (pseudo)claw length (µm) 3.0 - 3.5 2.7 - 3.1 2.3 - 2.5 Separation of (pseudo)claws incomplete complete, distinct complete, distinct Insertion of (pseudo)claws weakly eccentric strongly eccentric central Lorica length (µm) 71 - 72 79 - 82 82 - 84 Toe length (µm) 22 - 23 24 - 25 26 - 28 Special features - - -

Lecane formosa Lecane pusilla Lecane sagula Lecane subtilis Harring and Myers, 1926b Harring, 1914 Harring and Myers, 1926b Harring and Myers, 1926

Dorsal: ventral lorica width 1.00 1.16 1.10 1.04 medially Dorsal: ventral lorica width 0.80 0.79 0.81 0.84 anteriorly Ornamentation none strong strong strong Lateral sulci deep deep ? shallow Lateral margins of foot parallel-sided lobed convex parallel-sided pseudosegment Foot pseudosegment relative posterior margins completely covered projecting projecting to posterior margin of ventral plate coincident Toe: (pseudo)claw length (µm) 3.13 3.11 4.75 2.9 Separation of (pseudo)claws complete; eccentric complete complete complete Insertion of (pseudo)claws central central central central Lorica length (µm) 80 60 60 60 - 75 Toe length (µm) 25 15 - 21 19 20 - 24 Special features - - foot pseudosegment straight transverse large, rounded ridge dorsally on foot plate aInformation based on Sanoamuang and Savantenalinton (1999), Baribwegure and Segers (2000), and Segers et al. (1993: fig. 2); pub- lished dimensions by Sanoamuang and Savantenalinton (1999) might not be correct: see difference in scales in drawings and pho- tographs. bNo actual specimens seen. Information based on Harring and Myers (1926). 366 Zoological Studies 44(3): 361-367 (2005) species by Segers (1995), notwithstanding that Lecane stichoclysta Segers some non-illustrated, hence unreliable records of (Figs. 5, 15) the species from Tasmania (Koste et al. 1988), South America, and Africa (De Smet 1988) exist. Lecane stichoclysta was recently described The South American record from Lake Titicaca (de from Nigeria (Segers 1993). To date, it has not Beauchamp 1939 may well concern the superfi- been recorded again, and the present record is the cially similar L. boliviana Segers (Segers et al. second ever of this species. Hence, L. sti- 1994). Herein, we record this species from choclysta is new to Thailand and Asia. This Thailand and the Oriental region for the first time, species is herein considered a tropical Eastern- from a sample of the Poa River (no. 16 in Fig. 1) Hemispheric taxon. A small number of L. sti- with a temperature of 26.1 C and a pH of 7.14. choclysta were found in Chalerm Prakiat Reservoir The situation is reminiscent °of that of similarly dis- (no. 13 in Fig. 1), at a temperature of 25 C and a tributed Notholca species, which have recently pH of 7.27. ° been recorded from warm waters in northern India (Sarma 1988). Sharma (1991) attributed such iso- Keratella cf. cochlearis (Gosse) lated occurrences of pronouncedly cold-water taxa (Figs. 4, 16) in tropical situations to drift from higher latitudes.

Lecane paxiana Hauer A sample from Huay Sriton Reservoir (no. 5 in (Fig. 14) Fig. 1) contained a single peculiar specimen of

This rare species was previously recorded 13 14 only from Europe and Africa (Segers 1995). Recent records are from three localities in Burundi (Baribwegure and Segers 2000) and from backwa- ters of the Delhi segment of the Yamuna River, India (Arora and Mehra 2003). Our present Thai record (Chalerm Prakiat Reservoir, no. 13 in Fig. 1) confirms the presence of L. paxiana in Asia and further illustrates the peculiar Eastern-Hemispheric distribution of the species. Lecane paxiana is con- sidered to be a thermophilic species (Baribwegure 16 and Segers 2000), which concurs with the present observations (habitat temperature of 25 C and pH of 7.27). ° 15

11 12

50 µm 50 µm

Figs. 11-12. Lecane lungae sp. nov. 11. ventral view; 12. Figs. 13-16. 13. Lecane opias, ventral view; 14. Lecane pax- dorsal view. iana, ventral view; 15. Lecane stichoclysta, ventral view; 16. Keratella cf. cochlearis, dorsal view. Savatenalinton and Segers -- Rotifers from Kalasin, Thailand 367

Keratella cf. cochlearis. The animal has an asym- Harring HK, FJ Myers. 1926. The rotifer fauna of Wisconsin. metrically bifid posterior spine. Notwithstanding III. A revision of the genera Lecane and Monostyla. that K. cochlearis is reputedly variable morphologi- Trans. WI Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 22: 315-423. Koste W, RJ Shiel. 1987. Rotifera from Australian inland cally, especially regarding the length of the anterior waters. II. Epiphanidae and Brachionidae (Rotifera: and posterior spines (e.g., see Koste and Shiel Monogononta). Invertebr. Taxon. 7: 949-1021. 1987), deformations or teratological conditions as Sanoamuang L. 1998. Rotifera of some freshwater habitats in illustrated in the specimen we found are very rare. the floodplain of the River Nan, . Interestingly, the caudal spine morphology of our Hydrobiologia 387/388: 27-33. Sanoamuang L. 2001. Diversity of freshwater zooplankton in specimen is surprisingly similar to that of a Thailand. BRT Res. Reports., pp. 1-16. Swedish K. cochlearis specimen reported by Sanoamuang L, S Savatenalinton. 1999. New records of Thomasson (1957), although the projections are rotifers from Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeast much longer in the Swedish specimen. In both the Thailand, with a description of Lecane baimaii n. sp. Thai and Swedish animal the caudal spine is pro- Hydrobiologia 412: 95-101. Sanoamuang L, S Savatenalinton. 2001. The rotifer fauna of vided with a barb on the left side, and the insertion Lake Kud-Thing, a shallow lake in , of the barb is almost angular anteriorly, whereas northeast Thailand. Hydrobiologia 446/447: 297-304. the posterior is a smooth curve. As only a single Sanoamuang L, H Segers, HJ Dumont. 1995. Additions to the specimen was found, we refrain from speculating rotifer fauna of south-east Asia: new and rare species about the possible relevance of the record. from north-east Thailand. Hydrobiologia 313/314: 35-45. Sarma SSS. 1988. New records of freshwater rotifers (Rotifera) from Indian waters. Hydrobiologia 160: 263- Acknowledgments: This work was supported by 269. the Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Sharma BK. 1991. On the status and distribution of some new Mahasarakham, Thailand (B1-2544). The first records of freshwater rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) from author thanks Wichai Savatenalinton for his help in India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India 89: 95-99. Segers H. 1993. Rotifera of some lakes in the floodplain of the the field. River Niger (Imo State, Nigeria). I. New species and other taxonomic considerations. Hydrobiologia 250: 39- 61. REFERENCES Segers H. 1995. Rotifera. Vol 2: The Lecanidae (Monogononta). Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world Arora J, NK Mehra. 2003. Species diversity of planktonic and 6. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing, 226 pp. epiphytic rotifers in the backwaters of the Delhi segment Segers H. 2001. Zoogeography of the Southeast Asian of the Yamuna River, with remarks on new records from Rotifera. Hydrobiologia 446/447: 233-246. India. Zool. Stud. 42: 239-247. Segers H, W Kotethip, L Sanoamuang. 2004. Biodiversity of Baribwegure D, H Segers. 2000. Rotifera from Burundi: the freshwater microfauna in the floodplain of the River Mun, Lecanidae (Rotifera: Monogononta). Ann. Limnol. 36: Northeast Thailand: The Rotifera, Monogononta. 241-248. Hydrobiologia 515: 1-9. Chittapun S, P Pholpunthin, H Segers. 2003. Contribution to Segers H, L Meneses, M Del Castillo. 1994. Rotifera the knowledge of Thai microfauna diversity: notes on rare (Monogononta) from Lake Kothia, a high-altitude lake in peat swamp Rotifera, with the description of a new the Bolivian Andes. Arch. Hydrobiol. 132: 227-236. Lecane Nitzsch, 1872. Hydrobiologia 501: 7-12. Segers H, CS Nwadiaro, HJ Dumont. 1993. Rotifera of some de Beauchamp P. 1939. Percy Sladen trust expedition to Lake lakes in the floodplain of the River Niger (Imo State, Titicaca in 1937. V. Rotiferes et Turbellaries. Trans. Nigeria). II. Faunal composition and diversity. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1: 51-79. Hydrobiologia 250: 63-71. De Smet WH. 1988. Contributions to the fauna of the Bas- Segers H, P Pholpunthin. 1997. New and rare Rotifera from Zaire. 1. The Rotifèrs from some small ponds and a Thale-Noi Lake, Pattalung Province, Thailand, with a note river. Biol. Jb. Dodonaea 56: 115-131. on the taxonomy of Cephalodella (Notommatidae). Ann. Dussart BH, CH Fernando, T Matsumura-Tundisi, RJ Shiel. Limnol. 33: 13-21. 1984. A review of the systematics, distribution and ecolo- Thomasson K. 1957. Über eine Miβbildung bei dem Rädertier gy of tropical freshwater zooplankton. Hydrobiologia 113: Keratella cochlearis. Zool. Anz. 158: 31. 77-91.