Law School I !University of Minnesota Bulletin :1985-87 Law School

General Information 7

Juris Doctor Program 23

Administration and Faculty 33

CampusMaps 41

Index 45 Introduction

Policies formation outside the University while in attendance at the University, students Bulletin Use-The contents ofthis bul­ must notify the records office on their letin and other University bulletins, pub­ campus. lications, or announcements are subject to Students are notified annually oftheir change without notice. University offices right to review their educational records. can provide current information about The regents' policy, including a directory possible changes. ofstudent records, is available for review Equal Opportunity-The University of at the Williamson Hall Information Cen­ Minnesota is committed to the policy that ter, Minneapolis, and at records offices on all persons shall have equal access to its other campuses ofthe University. Ques­ programs, facilities, and employment tions may be directed to the Office ofthe without regard to race, religion, color, sex, Coordinator ofStudent Support Services, national origin, handicap, age, or veteran 260e Williamson Hall (612/373-2106). status. In adhering to this policy, the Uni­ versity abides by the requirements ofTi­ Postal Statement tle IX ofthe Education Amendments of Volume LXXXVIII, Number 18 1972; by Sections 503 and 504 ofthe Reha­ September 27,1985 bilitation Act of1973; by Executive Order 11246, as amended: 38 U.S.C. 2012; by the University ofMinnesota Bulletin Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment As­ (USPS 651-720) sistance Act of 1972, as amended; and by Published by the University ofMinnesota, other applicable statutes and regulations Student Support Services, Publications relating to equality ofopportunity. Center, 150 Williamson Hall, 231 Pills­ Inquiries regarding compliance may bury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, be addressed to Patricia A. Mullen, Direc­ once inJanuary, March, and April; twice tor, Office ofEqual Opportunity and in May and July; three times inJune and Affirmative Action, 419 Morrill Hall, September; and five times in August. Sec­ University ofMinnesota, 100 Church ond-class postage paid at Minneapolis, Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455 Minnesota. POSTMASTER: Send address (612/373-7969); to the Director ofthe Of­ changes to University ofMinnesota Bul­ fice ofCivil Rights, Department ofEduca­ letin, Student Support Services, 110 tion, Washington, DC 20202; or to the Williamson Hall, 231 Pillsbury Drive Director ofthe Office ofFederal Contract S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455. Compliance Programs, Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210. Access to Student Educational Records-In accordance with regents' policy on access to student records, infor­ mation about a student generally may not be released to a third party without the student's permission. The policy also per­ mits students to review their educational records and to challenge the contents of those records. Some student information-name, ad­ dress, telephone number, dates ofenroll­ ment and enrollment termination, college and class, major, adviser, academic awards and honors received, and degrees earned-is considered public or directory information. To prevent release ofsuch in-

2 Introduction

Message from the Dean The University ofMinnesota Law School is entering an exciting new phase as it ap­ proaches its centennial year in 1988. Long regarded as one ofthe most outstanding law schools in the nation, Minnesota is ea­ gerly anticipating the period ahead. There are several reasons for our enthusiasm about the future. Our new law building has become the standard ofexcellence by which all other new law buildings are measured. We are proud ofthe beauty ofour building, but we are even more pleased with the curricular and pedagogical advances it makes possi­ ble. Our great Law Library collection is a major national resource. The library en­ hances the study oflaw at Minnesota not only by the size but also by the richness and variety ofthe collection. We are pio­ after graduation. Our graduates have en­ neers in the use ofcomputers as instruc­ joyed a successful placement experience tional aids and have a computer nationally and locally. laboratory available to both students and Minnesota offers a dynamic, high­ faculty. quality legal education well suited for the Ofcourse, the basic strength ofthe lawyer oftomorrow. We appreciate your Law School is the faculty. The majority of interest, invite your questions, and en­ our faculty members are entering their courage you to visit our Law School. most productive years ofscholarship and teaching. In addition, our international program with law schools in France, Swe­ den, and China offers our students the op­ portunity for further study with internationally renowned scholars over­ seas and at the Law School. Another cause for excitement about the future is the continuing high quality Robert A. Stein ofour students and the varied cultures Dean and backgrounds they represent. Students have the opportunity for intellectual stim­ ulation and growth in a demanding but supportive environment. Our Law School has diverse opportunities for participation in clinical programs, moot court competi­ tions, law journal writing, international exchange programs, and computer tech­ nology. Small study groups, law school governance, interaction with faculty, ath­ letic programs, and social activities foster friendships that will remain strong long

3 Introduction

Law School Calendar (Dates subject to change)

1985-86 Fall Semester Monday, August 19 3rd-Year Registration Tuesday, August 20 2nd-Yearffransfer Registration Wednesday, August 21 1st-Year Registration Thursday-Friday, August 22-23 1st-Year Orientation Monday, August 26 First Day ofClasses Monday, September 2 Labor Day Holiday Thursday-Friday, November 28-29 Thanksgiving Holidays Friday, December 6 Last Day ofClasses Saturday-Monday, December 7-9 Reading Period Tuesday, December 10 Final Exam Period Begins Friday, December 20 Final Exam Period Ends Spring Semester Monday, January 6 First Day ofClasses Monday, January 20 Martin Luther King Holiday Monday-Friday, March 24·28 Spring Break Friday, April 25 Last Day ofClasses Saturday-Monday, April 26-28 Reading Period Tuesday, April 29 Final Exam Period Begins Saturday, May 10 Final Exam Period Ends Law School Commencement Summer School Tuesday, June 3-Thursday, July 31 Summer School (for 2nd- and 3rd-year students)

1986-87 Fall Semester Monday, August 18 3rd-Year Registration Tuesday, August 19 2nd-Yearffransfer Registration Wednesday, August 20 1st-Year Registration Thursday-Friday, August 21-22 1st-Year Orientation Monday, August 25 First Day ofClasses Monday, September 1 Labor Day Holiday Thursday-Friday, November 27-28 Thanksgiving Holidays Friday, December 5 Last Day ofClasses Saturday-Monday, December 6-8 Reading Period Tuesday, December 9 Final Exam Period Begins Friday, December 19 Final Exam Period Ends Spring Semester Monday, January 5 First Day ofClasses Monday, January 19 Martin Luther King Holiday Monday-Friday, March 23-27 Spring Break Friday, April 24 Last Day ofClasses Saturday-Monday, April 25-27 Reading Period Tuesday, April 28 Final Exam Period Begins Saturday, May 9 Final Exam Period Ends Saturday, May 9 Law School Commencement Summer School Tuesday, June 2-Thursday, July 30 Summer School (for 2nd- and 3rd-year students)

4 Introduction

Entering Class, Fall 1985 Murray State University 1 North Dakota State University 1 Graduates ofMinnesota Institutions Northern Illinois University 2 Augsburg College 3 Northern State College 1 Bemidji State University 2 Northwest Missouri State University 1 Bethel College 1 Northwestern University 6 Carleton College 12 Oberlin College 1 College ofSt. Benedict 3 Purdue University 1 College ofSt. Catherine 1 Rockhurst College 1 College ofSt. Thomas 4 Sam Houston State University 1 Concordia College, Moorhead 7 Smith College 1 Gustavus Adolphus College 4 South Dakota State University 2 Hamline University 1 Stanford University 2 Macalester College 3 Temple University 1 Mankato State University 4 Trinity College 1 Metropolitan State University 1 University of Arizona 1 Moorhead State University 2 University ofCalifornia, Berkeley 1 St. Cloud State University 2 University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles 1 St. John's University 7 University ofCalifornia, San Diego 1 St. Mary's College 3 University ofCalifornia, Santa St. OlafCollege 6 Barbara 1 University of Minnesota, Duluth 3 University ofChicago 2 University ofMinnesota, Morris 2 University of Detroit 1 University ofMinnesota, Twin Cities 57 University ofIowa 2 Winona State University 1 University ofKansas 1 University ofMaryland College Park 1 129 University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor 1 University ofMichigan, Dearborn 1 Graduates ofInstitutions in Other States University of Miami 1 Amherst College 2 University ofMissouri, Columbia 1 Arizona State University 3 University ofMissouri, Kansas City 1 Beloit College 1 University ofNebraska, Lincoln 1 Brigham Young University 2 University of North Dakota 3 California State University at Los University of Notre Dame 3 Angeles I University ofOklahoma 1 Cedarville College 1 University ofPennsylvania 1 Colorado College 2 University ofSouth Dakota 2 Cornell University 4 University ofTexas, Austin 1 Creighton University 2 University ofTexas, El Paso 1 Dartmouth College 1 University ofWashington 1 Drake University 3 University ofWisconsin, Eau Claire 3 Duke University 1 University ofWisconsin, Madison 8 Georgetown University 1 University ofWisconsin, Milwaukee 1 Gonzaga University 1 University ofWisconsin, Oshkosh 1 Grambling State University 1 University ofWisconsin, Parkside 1 Grinnell College 1 University ofWisconsin, River Falls 1 Hendrix College 1 University ofWisconsin, Stevens Point 1 Indiana University 1 Washington University 1 Iowa State University 3 Wayne State University 1 Kansas State University 1 Waynesburg College 1 Kalamazoo College 2 Williams College 1 Lawrence University 1 Yale University 1 Loyola University ofChicago 1 Luther College 1 122 Middlebury College 1 Graduates ofForeign Institutions Minot State College 2 Missouri State University 2 University of Manchester, England 1 Montana State University 1 McGill University, Canada 1 Morehouse College 1 2 Mount Holyoke College 2

5 Introduction

Graduates, Spring 1985 The following percentages and salary fig­ ures represent answers given on a recent employment survey of1985 Law School graduates. Responses are similar to earlier years. (The percentages under Timing rep­ resent survey results from the past several year~,) Type ofEmployer Law Firms 63% Judicial Clerkships 13% Business Concerns 12% Government 6% Legal Services 2% Military 2% Other 2% Geographical Location Twin Cities 62% Outstate Minnesota 15% Other States 23% (Major cities include New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washing­ ton, D.C., Chicago, Dallas, Phoenix, Seattle, Detroit, Philadelphia, San An­ tonio, Kansas City, Milwaukee, At­ lanta, Anchorage) AnnualIncome Average $31,200 Range Low $19,500 High $48,000 Timing Permanent employment found Before graduation 70-75% By April offollowing year over 90% Each year, approximately 150 law firms, corporations, and government agencies from all over the United States come to the Law School to interview stu­ dents. In addition, between 400 and 500 employers each year list notices asking that law students or recent law graduates contact them aboutjob opportunities.

6

General Information

The Twin Cities at least three months ofwinter. But tem­ peratures in December, January, and The Twin Cities ofMinneapolis (the February generally average a quite bear­ largest city in Minnesota) and St. Paul able and invigorating 10 to 20 degrees (the state capital) are the focal point ofa above-ideal for skiing, skating, ice fish­ dynamic, distinctive metropolitan area of ing, sledding, or simply admiring the 2 million people. Downtown Minneapolis, snowscape. to the west, is within blocks ofthe Law Building; downtown St. Paul, to the east, within minutes. Both are thriving centers The University ofcommerce and industry, boasting new The University ofMinnesota was char­ skyscrapers and retail-office complexes tered in 1851, seven years before the Min­ along with restored historic structures. nesota Territory became a state. After a Law students have easy access to a myr­ promising beginning as a preparatory iad offederal, state, regional, and local school, it was beset by financial crises and government agencies and courts-includ­ forced to close during the Civil War. John ing the U.S. Federal District Court, Sargent Pillsbury, as a regent, state sena­ Eighth Circuit, which regularly sits in St. tor, and later governor, championed the Paul. They can conveniently observe judi­ resurgence ofthe University. In 1869, un­ cial, legislative, or administrative hear­ der President William Watts Folwell, it ings, research public records, and consult reopened its doors with only 9 faculty with officials. The area is noted for its pro­ members and 18 students. Today, the Uni­ gressive political climate. versity embraces 4,500 full-time faculty The Twin Cities are renowned for their members and 56,000 students in day innovative and varied cultural attrac­ school with tens ofthousands more in tions, such as the Tyrone Guthrie The­ evening, continuing education, and non­ ater, Minnesota Orchestra, St. Paul credit courses. One ofthe biggest public Chamber Orchestra, Ordway Music The­ institutions ofhigher learning in the ater, Minnesota Dance Theater, Minne­ United States, it offers a rich array ofas­ sota Opera, Minneapolis Institute ofArts, sociate, baccalaureate, graduate, and pro­ Walker Art Center, Minnesota Museum of fessional programs-journalism, Art, Garrison Keillor's Prairie Home medicine, and law among the most presti­ Companion, Science Museum and Om­ gious. The University's three-fold empha­ nitheater, Minnesota Zoological Garden, sis on teaching, research, and service State Fair, Aquatennial, and Winter Car­ provides social, cultural, and economic nival. Major-league sports fans can view benefits for all ofMinnesota and beyond. Vikings football and Twins baseball at the The Twin Cities campus, the oldest of Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome or the University, has one ofthe largest en­ North Stars hockey at the Metropolitan rollments ofany single campus in the Sports Center, in addition to a wide range country. It is located in two geographi­ of Golden Gopher teams at various Big cally separate but close-together areas­ Ten events. More active participants can one in Minneapolis and the other in St. explore the 150 nearby parks and 200 Paul. The Mississippi River divides the lakes, which offer ample opportunity for Minneapolis campus into the East Bank, hiking, biking, swimming, sailing, canoe­ with its stately traditional architecture ing, fishing, roller or ice skating, cross­ and picturesque mall, and the West Bank, country skiing, or just relaxing. home ofthe acclaimed Law and other Newcomers to the area will find below­ sleek, modern buildings. The adjacent zero temperatures not so common as myth Cedar-Riverside neighborhood and would have it. The gentle beauty of Dinkytown feature shops and restaurants spring, sunny foliage ofsummer, and re­ designed with students' interests and bud­ splendent colors of autumn do give way to gets in mind.

8 Facilities

The Law School Facilities On the Twin Cities campus, law students Law Building-The Law School is lo­ enjoy the academic, cultural, and political cated in a striking new building at 229 opportunities ofa major university as well 19th Avenue South on the West Bank of as those ofa major metropolitan area. The the Minneapolis campus. All Law School Law School itselfis a self-contained and administrative, faculty, and student of­ close-knit unit within the University com­ fices and library facilities are housed in munity. Established in 1888, it is a char­ the building, which was dedicated in April ter member ofthe Association of 1978. It has received awards for excel­ American Law Schools. Its accreditation lence ofdesign from the American Insti­ by the American Bar Association vali­ tute of Architects, the American Library dates the standards maintained by the Association, and other organizations. Law School and guarantees graduates the The new structure was funded princi­ right to take the bar examination in any pally by appropriations from the Minne­ state. The program leading to the J.D. (ju­ sota Legislature plus over $1 million in ris doctor) degree requires three years of contributions from alumni and friends. It full-time Law School study. was designed to serve the educational The typical size of the entering class is aims ofthe Law School as formulated by 250 students, selected from approximately its faculty with the advice ofa committee 1,300 applicants. For the class entering in of practicing lawyers,judges, and educa­ fall 1985, the median GPA was 3.56 and tors from other units ofthe University. the median LSAT score was 39. Women The 20 classrooms ofdifferent sizes ac­ make up about 40% oftotal Law School commodate experimentation in curricu­ enrollment; minorities, 8%. Twenty-five lum and teaching methods, emphasizing states, 103 colleges and universities, and small group and individual instruction. A 38 major fields are represented. Many stu­ computer laboratory contains numerous dents already have graduate degrees. personal computers for student and fac­ The 40 full-time, resident, professional ulty use. faculty members ofthe Law School devote The area for clinical education is read­ their time to teaching, research, and pub­ ily accessible to the several thousand lic service in their respective fields. In ad­ clients served annually. The offices are dition, prominent practicing lawyers and equipped to facilitate training in inter­ active members ofthe state and federalju­ viewing, counseling, negotiating, and try­ diciary regularly teach and lecture in the ing and arguing cases. The state public fields oftheir specialties. Considerable defender is also housed in the clinical emphasis is placed on the Law School's tu­ area. torial program, with small numbers of Actual trials are held in the two court­ students working closely with the faculty rooms and appellate arguments are heard in seminars, in research, and in courses in the 200-seat classroom. Through devoted to legal planning and drafting. closed-circuit television, students in other The Law Alumni Association ofthe classrooms are able to observe the trials Law School undertook, in late 1967, a and arguments. fundraising campaign to establish and Student facilities include several maintain several chairs in law for distin­ lounges, typing rooms, group study rooms, guished law professors. Each year since a locker room, and offices for student orga­ its inception several ofthe country's out­ nizations. standing legal scholars havejoined the The Law School's facilities are conve­ faculty and brought new strength to the niently located for judges and lawyers in LawSchool. the metropolitan area. Visiting attorneys will find ample work space, special rooms for placement interviews, and convenient

9 General Information

parking. Continuing education programs able also to the faculties and students of for the bar are held in the building. other departments ofthe University and The proximity ofthe Law School to the to the members ofthe bar. University's social science departments, Law students also make use ofthe gen­ the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute ofPub­ erallibrary system ofthe University, lic Affairs, and the School ofManagement which contains more than 3.5 million vol­ also encourages collaborative efforts to umes. Wilson Library, which houses the study the role oflaw in our society. principal collection, is also located on the Law Library-The library ofthe Law West Bank ofthe Minneapolis campus. School, containing over 500,000 volumes, ranks seventh in size among law schoolli­ Calendar braries in the United States and is an out­ The Law School follows a semester sys­ standing legal research center. It is tem. Fall semester begins in late August administered by a staffof24. and spring semester ends in mid-May. Seating for over 900 is provided at ta­ Calendars for 1985-86 and 1986-87 are in­ bles, carrels, group study rooms, and cluded at the beginning ofthis bulletin. lounges. Special areas are available for The rest ofthe University remains on the typing, reading microforms, photocopy­ quarter system, with classes from late ing, and computer assisted legal research. September through mid-June. Because ofits strong collection of American and British statutes, session laws, law reports, periodicals, treatises, Admission publications ofadministrative agencies, Preparation for Law Study-The Law appeal papers, digests, encyclopedias, and School requires a B.A. degree or its equiv­ other legal materials, in-depth scholarly alent for admission but does not prescribe research in practically any field ofAnglo­ any special prelaw college program. Its American law can be conducted. The Rare principal concern is that before entering, Book Room contains several thousand vol­ Law School students have a college educa­ umes of early English and American tion of considerable breadth, including ad­ statutes, reports, and treatises. The docu­ vanced courses in areas ofspecial interest. ment collection contains large numbers of Such an education is provided through the federal and state government publications major sequence and cultural distribution as well as documents ofthe United Na­ requirements ofmost liberal arts colleges. tions and other international organiza­ The major sequence insures study ofone tions. Both WESTLAWand LEXIS field in considerable depth, while the cul­ computerized research systems are avail­ tural distribution insures a background in able through dedicated terminals in the such diverse areas as science and mathe­ Law Library. matics, philosophy and humanities, liter­ The Anglo-American collection in­ ature and composition, and the social cludes a variety oflegal materials offor­ sciences. mer British Commonwealth countries Students who pursue an undergradu­ such as India and Pakistan. The library ate program that does not include a major also has extensive sections devoted to for­ field ofstudy as a formal requirement eign (especially Western European, with should design their program so that a sub­ an emphasis on Scandinavian) and inter­ stantial emphasis in one field ofstudy is national law. identifiable. Although a major as such is Law students may use most ofthe Law not a prerequisite, in-depth study in a sin­ Library 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, a gle field is a better indicator ofacademic privilege rarely extended to any student ability than a wide scattering ofintroduc­ body. While the primary function ofthe li­ tory courses. brary is to serve the faculty and students The Law School does not recommend ofthe Law School, its services are avail- particular areas or departments for

10 Admission

prelaw majors. While many prelaw stu­ sion Services (LSAS) ofNewtown, Penn­ dents major in economics, history, or polit­ sylvania. This half-day test is designed to ical science, other majors provide good measure certain intellectual capabilities background for law study and practice. important in the study oflaw, especially These include such areas as philosophy, academic ability and command ofwritten the humanities, English, sociology, psy­ English. chology, mathematics, the physical sci­ The test is given inJune, October, De­ ences, anthropology, geography, cember, and February at selected centers journalism, speech, classics, and modern throughout the United States and in some languages. The Law School welcomes and foreign countries. One ofthese centers is encourages a varietyofeducational back­ the University ofMinnesota. Applicants grounds among its students. Each stu­ should plan to take the June, October, or dent's education should be as broad as December test. Those who take the Febru­ possible. Students should ordinarily en­ ary test will be eligible for consideration, deavor to take their electives in areas not but may be disadvantaged because their too closely related to their major. For ex­ files will not be complete until the middle ample, students majoring in mathematics or end ofMarch. or physics would do well to take their ad­ A booklet containing a complete sam­ vanced electives in such areas as econom­ ple test and registration materials can be ics, political science, or history. obtained from the University ofMinne­ The Law School attaches special im­ sota Law School, from the student's col­ portance to work that will train students lege office, or from the Law School to express themselves in the English lan­ Admission Services, Box 2000, Newtown, guage accurately and forcefully. The role PA 18940. ofmost lawyers, whatever their specialty, The LSAT need be taken only once, requires communication ofideas through and the score is considered current for five words, oral and written. Success in Law years. Applicants who take the test more School, as well as in later years ofprac­ than once must have all scores reported. tice, depends in considerable measure Multiple test scores are usually averaged. upon development ofthe capacity for ef­ Visually and physically handicapped fective verbal expression. Students should applicants may request waiver ofthe seize every opportunity to take courses LSAT requirement. that require independent thought and Qualitative Admission Criteria-Ad­ writing and should also develop, through mission is limited to applicants who courses or activities, their capacities for demonstrate potential for success in law expressing themselves orally. study and in the profession; however, not Additional information about prelegal all who are qualified by this standard can education is available in thePrelaw be admitted because ofthe continuing Handbook prepared by the Association of strong demand for legal education at the American Law Schools and the Law Law School. School Admission Council. The handbook The Law School makes a careful study also contains information and admissions ofeach application for admission. Admis­ statistics for all American Bar Associa­ sion decisions are not made merely by ap­ tion-approved law schools. Itis available plying mechanical criteria; the applicant's in college bookstores and law schoolli­ undergraduate record, usually spanning braries, and from the Law School Admis­ four years, requires careful interpreta­ sion Council, Box 2000, Newtown, PA tion. Upward and downward trends in the 18940. grade point average are important as well Law School Admission Test-Each ap­ as the quality and difficulty of the course plicant for admission is required to take taken. A strong scholastic record is per­ the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) haps the most significant indicator ofpo­ administered by the Law School Admis- tential success in Law School and, when

11 ------

General Information

combined with the LSATscore, is the students are admitted only for fall most reliable prediction ofthe level of semester, which begins in August. Appli­ achievement. cations should not be submitted before Oc­ In addition to these criteria, the Law tober ofthe year preceding anticipated School Admissions committee considers entry. A nonrefundable application fee of other factors that contribute to greater di­ $20 is required with each application. versity in the student body. These factors The University ofMinnesota Law include work experience and achieve­ School participates in the Law School ment, career goals, extracurricular activi­ Data Assembly Service (LSDAS), which ties, racial and ethnic background, ability provides a summary of an applicant's aca­ in languages other than English, posi­ demic work, copies ofcollege transcripts, tions ofleadership, community or public and LSAT score. Applicants are required service, unusual life experiences, physical to complete necessary information on the handicap, and economic disadvantage. LSAT/LSDAS registration form and to Affirmative Action-The Law School have their college send a transcript di­ has approved the following policy: "The rectly to the service. faculty affirms its support ofan affirma­ Residence-Preference for admission to tive action program in admissions to the the Law School is given to residents of Law School. The purpose ofthis program Minnesota, but nonresidents are strongly is to attract and admit law students from encouraged to submit applications. To be racial and ethnic minorities in order to classified as a resident, the University maintain the educational benefits all stu­ generally requires bona fide residence for dents derive from a diverse student body a period ofone calendar year before the and to promote legal representation for first day ofthe fall semester for which ad­ the underrepresented in our society. mission is sought, with school attendance "No racial/ethnic quotas will be fixed not the primary reason for residing in this which exclude any applicants from consid­ state. Residence regulations and review eration for any places in an entering class. procedures established by the Board ofRe­ It is the sense ofthe faculty that the de­ gents are administered by Student Sup­ sired diversification ofthe raw student port Services, 260 Williamson Hall, body will not be achieved unless minority Minneapolis (612/373-2106). applicants are admitted in more than to­ Tuition Reciprocity-The state ofMin­ ken numbers, and it is hoped that the nesota has tuition reciprocity agreements number will be at least as large as those with North Dakota, South Dakota, and which have been admitted in the past few Wisconsin. An application for reciprocity years. The precise number ofminority ap­ must be made each year a student is en­ plicants to be admitted will depend upon rolled. Contact the appropriate state the comparative credentials ofminority agency listed below for more information and nonminority applicants." and forms. Failure to file forms before Au­ Application Procedure-Candidates for gust 15 ofthe year one intends to enter admission should obtain the Application the Law School will result in assessment Forms and Materials booklet, which speci­ ofnonresident tuition. fies procedures and explains the decision North Dakota residents: Reciprocity Pro­ process, directly from the Law School Ad­ gram, North Dakota State Board of missions Office, 290 Law Building, Uni­ Higher Education, Tenth Floor, State versity ofMinnesota, 22919th Avenue Capitol Building, Bismarck, ND 5850l. South, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (612/376­ South Dakota residents: Reciprocity Pro­ 3344). The LSAT must be taken and a gram, Box 41, University Station, Brook­ complete application submitted by Febru­ ary 15 for admission the following Au­ ings, SD 57007. gust. Applications may be considered past this date upon written petition. First-year

12 Financial Aid

Wisconsin residents: State ofWisconsin without charge or for a minimal fee if Higher Educational Aids Board, 115 West space is available after all tuition-paying Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53702. students have been accommodated and if Registration with Bar Association Of­ they have completed specified course pre­ ficials--A number ofstates require a stu­ requisites. There is no tuition charge for dent to register with bar admission auditing, but ifa course is taken for officials before beginning law studies. credit, a fee of$6 per credit is charged. Students should ascertain whether this is Students must pay any materials fees. required in the state in which they intend In the Law School, first-year courses to practice. Such registration is not re­ are limited to 250 students meeting quired in the state ofMinnesota. specific requirements. The entire first­ year program is a prerequisite for upper­ Transfer and Visiting Student Admis­ class courses. Senior citizens eligible to sion-Admission with advanced standing register for these courses should contact after one year at another law school, or the Law School office for more informa­ admission as a visiting student for a year tion. or less, is possible ifthe applicant has been attending a law school that is a member ofthe Association ofAmerican Expenses Law Schools. Such admissions are strictly Estimated Tuition andFees limited, however, and may not be made at 1985-86Academic Year all in any given year. Due to the size ofthe Residents $3,135 regularly enrolled student body, only out­ Nonresidents 6,285 standing individuals who could have been admitted here as first-year students and Tuition and fees are almost certain to in­ who have superior law school records at crease at least 10 percent in 1986-87. The comparable law schools may be accepted. estimated living expenses for an unmar­ Applicants seeking admission as ried law student are an additional $6,000 transfer students must register with per year (assuming the student is not liv­ LSDAS in accordance with the application i~g at his or her parents' home); for a mar­ procedure described above. In addition ned law student, $8,500. they must provide the Law School with an official transcript showing grades earned Financial Aid in the entire first year oflaw study and a While responsibility for funding educa­ letter ofgood standing from their current tional and living costs rests with students law school. One letter of recommendation and their family, appropriate scholar­ from a law school instructor is also re­ ships, grants, work-study programs, and quired. A statement ofthe personal cir­ loans can provide assistance. Students cumstances that impel a move to should not rely on the availability offi­ Minnesota will also be considered. nancial aid until their application has Advanced standing applicants who been approved or definite arrangements wish to attend the Law School for a year have been made. In recent years more or less as visiting students must submit than two-thirds ofthe student body has the same information as transfer students received some form offinancial aid. but are not required to register with LSDAS Need-Based Scholarships--Prospective T.he ~eadl.ine for all advanced standing Law School students seeking scholarships ap~hcatlOnsIS June 1, which may be must register with the Graduate and Pro­ waIved by the Dean ofStudents ifa good fessional School Financial Aid Service reason can be shown. (GAPSFAS), Box 2614, Princeton, NJ 08540. They are then considered for all Senior Citizens--Minnesota residents 62 scholarship funds. GAPSFAS provides a or older may attend University classes single application form for financial aid

13 General Information

that requests personal and financial infor­ Melvin S. Cohen Law School Scholarship mation on the income, assets, and ex­ Fund penses ofapplicants and their spouse and Norris Darrell Law School Scholarship parents. The parents' section must be Fund completed regardless ofthe applicant's Benedict S. Deinard Scholarship Fund age, marital status, and established finan­ Roger Dell Law School Fund cial independence. The GAPSFAS appli­ Homer B. Dibell Law Scholarship cation should be filed as early as possible. Marc A. Dorenfeld Memorial Scholarship Students should not wait until an admis­ Fund sions decision has been made before filing James Dorsey Scholarship Fund the GAPSFAS application. No application Faegre & Benson Fund is considered until all requested informa­ Robert B. Gillespie Memorial Fund tion is submitted. Late applications are Peter F. Greiner Memorial Scholarship processed only after all timely applica­ Fund tions have received attention. GAPSFAS Curtis L. Jensen Scholarship Fund uses a standard budget to analyze individ­ Sidney J. Kaplan Legal Scholarship ual applications, unless there are unusual Robert Kincade & Anna Maude Stuart and necessary expenses, and computes an Law Scholarship Fund approximate financial need figure. Law Class of 1924 Memorial Scholarship Once an applicant has been accepted Law Faculty Scholarship Fund for admission to the Law School, the Law Firm Scholarship Fund GAPSFAS scholarship application will be William B. Lockhart Scholarship Fund reviewed. However, awards will generally Ralph M. McCareins Memorial Fund not be made until late March or early Robert McClure & Bruno Green Law April, with some as late as MayorJune. Scholarship Fund Scholarships are awarded exclusively to Simon Meshbesher Memorial Scholarship students who clearly demonstrate finan­ Fund cial need. Stipends vary from about halfto Edmund Morris Morgan Scholarship the total cost oftuition and fees. Approxi­ Fund mately 18% ofthe student body receives Weed Munro Law Scholarship Fund scholarship assistance. Charles Elihu Nadler Law School Schol­ Renewal ofscholarships depends upon arshipFund grade point average, financial need, and Ronald J. Nemer Law Scholarship Fund available funds. Scholarships must be ap­ Lloyd R. Peterson & Evelyn Peterson plied for each year. Procedures that sec­ Scholarship Fund ond- and three-year students must follow Arthur T. Pfefer Memorial Fund to renew or obtain scholarships are posted Harold J. Richard Law Scholarship Fund at the Law School. Schwartz Scholarship in Human The scholarship program at the Law Relations School has been made possible through Sherman Fairchild Foundation Minority generous annual gifts and endowment Law Student Fund funds from individuals, law firms, corpo­ A. W. Spellacy Memorial Scholarship rations, and other organizations. Donors Fund are listed below: Melvin C. Steen Law School Scholarship Walter D. Boutell Memorial Fund Fund Ronald E. Budd Memorial Fund Royal A. Stone Memorial Fund Charles E. Carlsen Memorial Scholarship 3M Company Scholarship Fund Fund Faith Thompson Scholarship Fund Wilbur Cherry Memorial Fund Graham MacFarlane Torrance Memorial Theodore Christianson, Jr. Memorial Fund Fund Walter J. Trogner Scholarship Fund

14 ~---- I Financial Aid

I William Reynolds Vance Scholarship 55101, (612/296-5715) or the Office ofStu­ Fund dent Financial Aid (OSFA), 210 Fraser Judge B. Washburn Scholarship Fund Hall, 106 Pleasant Street S.E., University Kent Wennerstrom Memorial Fund ofMinnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Gustav E. & Jeanette Zwick Law Scholar- (612/373-3927). ship Fund AuxiliaryLoans to AssistStudents Merit·Based Scholarships-Each year (ALAS) and Parent Loans to Undergradu­ the WalterJ. Trogner Merit Scholarship ate Students (PLUS}-These 12% loans of is awarded to an extremely outstanding up to $3,000 per academic year are made entering student. This scholarship covers to students who have already borrowed tuition and is renewed each of the three the GSL allowance limit or who are not el­ years the student is enrolled. Because fi­ igible for GSLs. nancial need is not a criterion, registra­ Trust Fund Loans-These low-interest tion with GAPSFAS is not required. loans are typically used to meet short­ Nothing beyond the Law School applica­ term needs arising from unanticipated fi­ tion must be completed for consideration. nancial problems. Amounts generally do Loans-Applications for the following not exceed $500. loan programs are available from the Of­ College Work Study-This program pro­ fice ofStudent Financial Aid (OSFA), 210 videsjobs for students who demonstrate Fraser Hall, 106 Pleasant Street S.E., financial need and must earn part oftheir University ofMinnesota, Minneapolis, educational expenses during their second MN55455. and third years. Many students are em­ Guaranteed Student Loans-Guaranteed ployed as research assistants for faculty Student Loans (GSLs) are low-interest members and in the Law Library. Other loans of up to $5,000 per academic year, employment opportunities exist in local with a limit of$25,000 to anyone student. city and county legal departments. Regis­ Applicants must complete the American tration with ACT is required for consider­ College Testing-Family Financial State­ ation. ment (ACT-FFS) and the OSFA Data Grants-Grants are occasionally Form, both included in the application awarded to students with extremely high packets available from OSFA. Although need. Amounts vary according to individ­ there is no specific deadline, students are ual need and generally do not exceed $750 encouraged to submit application materi­ per academic year. All ACT registrants als as soon after January 1 as possible. receive consideration for grants. Applications will be processed as they be­ come complete and until all funds have Minority GPOP Fellowships-The Law been awarded. School has been awarded fellowships funded under the Graduate and Profes­ Student Educational Loan Fund (SELF)­ sional Opportunities Program (GPOP), Ti­ The Minnesota Higher Education Coordi­ tle IX ofthe Higher Education Act of nating Board (MHECB) has designed a 1965, U.S. Department ofEducation. program for Minnesota residents and for These fellowships, for minority students nonresidents attending Minnesota col­ with financial need, carry a stipend of leges and universities to supplement ex­ $4,500 per year plus tuition and fees. Reg­ isting loan programs. Its purpose is to istration with GAPSFAS (see above) is re­ provide a long-term, low-interest educ­ quired. tionalloan ofup to $6,000 per academic year to students who cannot obtain CLEO Fellowships-The Council on Le­ needed financing from traditional aid pro­ gal Education Opportunity (CLEO) is a grams. For more information, contact federally funded program whose purpose MHECB, Suite 400, Capitol Square Build­ is to increase the number ofattorneys ing, 550 Cedar Street, St. Paul, MN from educationally and economically dis-

15 General Information

advantaged backgrounds. The CLEO pro­ fraternity, 1126 5th Street S.E., Min­ gram implements its goal by annually neapolis, MN 55455. For more informa­ conducting six-week academic Summer tion, contact the Housing Office, Institutes and providing annual fellow­ Comstock Hall, University of Minnesota, ships. The Summer Institutes expose stu­ 210 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, dents to a six-week intensive study MN 55455. program introducing legal methodology Family housing for students is avail­ and law development as well as legal re­ able in University-owned apartments. For search and writing techniques. The finan­ more information, contact the Como Stu­ cial component ofthe CLEO program dent Community, 1024 27th Avenue S.E., consists ofannual fellowships of$I,OOO to Minneapolis, MN 55414 (378-2434) or each successful graduate ofthe Summer Commonwealth Terrace Cooperative, Inc., Institutes. For applications and more in­ 1250 Fifield Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108 formation, contact CLEO, 818 18th Street (646-7526). N.W., Suite 940, Washington, DC 20006. Special Scholarship Programin Law Student Activities and Honors for American Indians-This program, Minnesota Law Review-The Minne­ funded by the Bureau ofIndian Affairs, sota Law Review, established in 1917, is a consists oftwo parts: (1) a scholarship and legal periodical that publishes articles by counseling support program for Indian leading experts in their fields as well as law students and (2) an eight-week sum­ student- prepared notes and comments on mer prelaw orientation program, which recent legal developments. It is published exposes Indian students entering law under the direction ofan editorial board school the following fall to legal analysis, consisting ofstudents selected on the ba­ research, and writing. Both programs are sis ofscholarship and writing ability. Ser­ available only to American Indians and vice on the Law Review is an experience in Alaska natives ofone-quarter or more In­ research, legal analysis, and writing that dian blood who are members ofa federally enables students to expand professional recognized tribe. For applications and skills and contribute to the development more information, contact the American ofthe law. Indian Law Center, Inc., P.O. Box 4456­ Station A, 1117 Stanford N.E., Albu­ Law and Inequality: A Journal ofThe­ querque, NM 87196. ory and Practice-Law andInequality: A Journal ofTheory andPractice provides a forum for students to research, write, Employment and edit articles addressing the social im­ The first-year class schedule ofthe Law pact ofthe law on disadvantaged people. School ordinarily requires the student's New members are selected on the basis of full commitment to make the most ofthe their commitment to redressing inequali­ course work and experience. Therefore, ties and their interest and ability in writ­ students are urged not to seek outside em­ ing. ployment or schedule other activities and QUAERE-The Law School newspaper, obligations that could significantly inter­ QUAERE, involves more than 60 stu­ fere with the pursuit oftheir education. dents in the production ofhigh-quality Employment in the second and third year reading for 13,000 attorneys and law stu­ must be limited to 20 hours per week dur­ dents. Ithas received several first-place ing the academic year. awards at the American Bar Association Law School Newspaper Competition. Housing Law School Council-The Law School Most law students live in apartments, but Council is the student governing body of a number live in University residence the Law School. Each class elects three halls or at the Gamma Eta Gamma law representatives to the council, and the

16 Student Activities and Honors

president ofthe council is elected by the tional Law Moot Court Competition, the student body as a whole. Frederick Douglass Moot Court Competi­ The council allows the student body to tion and other moot court competitions participate in the administration ofthe am~ng law schools. Law School. Council representatives at­ Students on Law School Committees­ tend faculty meetings and meet with the Law students participate actively in the administration on a regular basis to con­ general governance ofthe Law School. vey student views. The council appoints Students are appointed by the Law School student members to the various student­ Council to serve on faculty-student com­ faculty committees and is responsible for mittees dealing with such matters as cur­ supervising the honor code system, which riculum development, clinical programs, governs all academic work in the Law admissions, scholastic requirements, and School. teaching evaluation. In addition, the The council coordinates numerous stu­ council appoints student advisory commit­ dent services and organizations. It serves tees to work with the library director and as the board ofdirectors for the Law the placement director in assuring that School Bookstore and determines book­ these vital services meet student needs. store policies and the distribution ofan­ Student members offaculty-student nual profits. The bulk ofthe funds are committees possess the same prerogatives used to support QUAERE, the student and powers as faculty members ofthe newspaper, and to finance the activities of committees. These include the right to the Law Forum, which brings to the Law vote, the right to initiate committee busi­ School speakers ofnational stature repre­ ness, and the opportunity to express views senting a broad spectrum ofinterests and to the full faculty before the faculty votes ideas. The council also funds Law School on committee recommendations. The fac­ intramural teams, publishes a school di­ ulty-student committee system is the rectory, and sponsors various social heart ofthe Law School decision-making events throughout the school year. Other process, and committee participation pro­ student organizations supported by the vides students with a ready avenue for council include the Environmental Law suggesting improvements in Law School Society, local chapter ofthe Law Student policies and assisting in the continuing Division ofthe American Bar Association, development ofthe Law School. National Lawyer's Guild, Minnesota Jus­ tice Foundation, Third World Caucus, Third World Caucus (TWC)-This Women's Caucus, and Child Care Com­ coalition ofminority student organiza­ mittee. tions-American Indian Law Student As­ The Law School Council seeks to serve sociation (AILSA), Black Law Student the wide range ofstudent interests and to Association (BLSA), La Raza Legal Al­ draw on the individual talents of each law liance (LRLAl, Asian American Law Stu­ student to contribute to a better Law dents (AALSl-and others is concerned School. with recruiting and retaining minority students and faculty as well as eliminat­ Moot Cour~The Law School Moot ing racism and sexism in society. TWC Court program is designed to help stu­ serves as a formal political voice for mi­ dents become effective advocates before nority students; offers a supportive aca­ appellate courts. Students direct the pro­ demic and social environment for its gram with the assistance offaculty advis­ members; and provides opportunities for ers. Participants learn skills in research, its members to work closely with practic­ legal analysis, oral advocacy, briefwrit­ ing attorneys and other legal profession­ ing, and appellate litigation tactics. The als. During 1985-86, TWC celebrates its program fields successful interscholastic tenth anniversary. competition teams for the National Moot Court Competition, the Jessup Interna-

17 General Information

American Indian Law Student Associ­ tions, it is an effective political voice in ation (AILSA)-The Law School chapter addressing the needs of Hispanic law stu­ ofthe national AILSA was organized in dents and the Spanish-speaking commu­ 1979. Its objectives are to promote unity nity. and cooperation among Indian law stu­ Delta Theta Phi-Delta Theta Phi is the dents and to provide a base from which oldest and largest law fraternity in the work can be done for the advancement of United States, with membership open to Indian people. AILSA provides a forum for all law students. The Law School chapter, discussing Indian legal and non-legal whose motto is "Promoting Professional problems and improving communication Growth," focuses on helping students in among Indian law students, Indian their course work and on developing con· lawyers, members ofthe Indian commu­ tacts with the professional community. nity, and the general public. AILSA Members enjoy access to various educa­ strongly believes that bringing more tional aids and opportunities to discuss American Indians into the practice oflaw pertinent aspects ofthe law with out­ will give them a stronger, more effective standing scholars in the field. Delta Theta voice in the important legal issues that af­ Phi holds periodic formal meetings and fectthem. sponsors a number ofinformal social gath­ Asian American Law Student Associa­ erings throughout the year. tion (AALSA)-AALSA is the Law International and Comparative Law School chapter ofthe National Asian Society-The International and Compar­ Pacific American Law Student Associa­ ative Law Society provides a support tion. The Minnesota Chapter, like the Na­ group for students interested in the study tional, is dedicated to increasing the and practice oflaw in an international en­ Asian Pacific American presence in the vironment. The Society promotes aware­ Law School and in the legal community ness of contemporary international and and serving the interests and needs of comparative law issues and opportunities. Asian Pacific Americans and other under­ represented people. Women's Caucus--The Law School Women's Caucus is a loosely structured Black Law Student Association group that focuses on a number of pur­ (BLSA)-BLSA was established nation­ poses and projects: recruiting women into ally in 1967 for the purpose ofpromoting the profession and the Law School; estab­ the professional needs and goals ofBlack lishing women's experiences and issues in law students. Minnesota's chapter, both Law School and undergraduate cur­ founded in 1970, works closely with con­ ricula' presenting educational programs cerned members ofthe legal community, of spe~ial interest to women; maintaining minority organizations, and other organi­ contact with practicing women attorneys; zations and individuals addressing the and acting as advocate and voice for the needs ofBlack people. Its purpose is to interests of women as a group within the bring about changes within the legal sys­ Law School. tem that will make it more responsive to the Black community. BLSA also provides Jewish Caucus--The Jewish Caucus a network ofsupport for its members and was formed in the spring of 1976. Al­ seeks expansion ofjob opportunities for though it is not a religious organization, Black law students. the caucus tries to enhance the legal edu­ cation ofstudents by presenting programs La Raza Legal Alliance (LRLA)­ on topics oflaw and policy that have a par­ LRLA is a national organization with lo­ ticular Jewish focus. In addition, the cau­ cal chapters in law schools throughout the cus seeks to express the concerns and United States. Working with attorneys, needs ofJewish students to the Law other members ofthe legal community, School and University administrations and concerned individuals and organiza- and to the student body.

18 Special Programs

Christian Legal Society (CLS)-CLS is Order ofthe Coif-The Law School spon­ a loosely organized group ofstudents en­ sors a chapter ofthe Order ofthe Coif, a deavoring to integrate their lives as law national honorary society for law stu­ students, preprofessionals, and Chris­ dents. Election to this society is made by tians. the faculty at the close of the senior year. Environmental Law Society-The En­ Students in the upper 10 percent ofthe vironmental Law Society seeks to educate graduating class in scholastic achieve­ students in decision-making processes, ment who have also served on the Law Re­ give them a chance to participate in envi­ view are eligible. ronmental and consumer matters, provide Graduation With Honors-Honor stu­ a forum for discussion, and offer research, dents receive their degrees cum laude, drafting, and other services to organiza­ magna cum laude, and summa cum laude tions concerned with environmental qual­ in accordance with standards established ity. by the faculty. Minnesota Computer Law Associa­ Other Honors-Each year recognition is tion-The Minnesota Computer Law As­ given to students with A and B averages sociation is a student association by placing them on the Dean's List. Recog­ organized for the purpose ofpublishing nition is also given to the student in each computer-aided instruction and scholarly class who makes the greatest improve­ work concerning computers. Student edi­ ment in his or her academic work over the tors produce instructional material for use preceding year. by students at Minnesota and other law schools. Faculty members provide advice and suggest topics. Special Programs Lesbian and Gay Law Student Associ­ Clinical Legal Education-The Univer­ ation-This loosly structured organiza­ sity of Minnesota Law School has pio­ tion was formed in 1984 to act as an neered the development ofclinical legal advocate and voice for lesbian and gay education. As early as 1913 the school members. placed its students in a clinical setting by National Lawyer's Guild-The Na­ permitting them to work on law suits tional Lawyer's Guild is an organization prior to graduation. oflawyers, law students, and legal work­ The growth ofmodern clinical pro­ ers. Since its founding in 1937, it has been grams was stimulated in 1968 by a grant dedicated to achieving full economic, po­ from the Council on Legal Education for litical, and social rights for poor and work­ Professional Responsibility. Since then ing people and supporting their struggles clinical programs have grown in size and against the domestic and international ef­ quality. fects ofimperialism. Currently, clinical courses are offered Associate Membership, Minnesota in the following areas: criminal prosecu­ State Bar Association-Students may tion and defense, prison problems, civil become associate members of the Minne­ practice, appellate practice, antitrust, do­ sota State Bar Association upon payment mestic abuse, public interest litigation, of$5 dues entitling them to all the privi­ and federal tax. Each course includes both leges offull membership except the right classroom and supervised field work. Stu­ to vote. Students may attend meetings dents learn theory and acquire practical and receive copies ofBench andBar, an skills, litigation experience, and insight association publication. Lectures by lead­ into institutional behavior. Under the ing practitioners on topics ofspecial inter­ Minnesota student practice rule, law stu­ est to those about to enter the legal dents actually represent clients in live profession are sponsored by association court and administration agency proceed­ committees, some of which are open to ings. student membership.

19 General Information

The number of students who may take trict courts in Minnesota allows a limited any single clinical course or seminar is number of students to serve as part-time limited, usually to a maximum of25. law clerks for one semester for credit. Stu­ Foreign Study/International Pro­ dents are exposed, to the extent practica­ grams-The Law School maintains ex­ ble, to all aspects ofthe operation ofthe change agreements for students and court. They prepare research memoranda, faculty with the law faculties ofUniver­ observe judicial proceedings, and partici­ site Jean Moulin (Lyon III) in Lyon, pate in the drafting ofopinions and or­ France, and Uppsala University in Upp­ ders. sala, Sweden. The Law School also contin­ Computer-Assisted Teaching and Re­ ues to develop its relationships with law search-The Law School has become a pi­ schools in the People's Republic ofChina. oneer in the use ofcomputers as teaching Summer study-abroad programs allow aids. Recently, the University ofMinne­ Minnesota students to participate in the sota Law School and Harvard Law School life ofa European law school. The Uppsala formed the Center for Computer-Aided program concentrates on the comparative Legal Instruction (CCALI). Its purpose is study of United States and European legal to create and disseminate teaching mate­ systems. The Lyon program examines the rials that can be used to train law stu­ international business environment from dents. More than 60 law schools are the national perspectives ofFrance and members ofCCALI. Faculty and students the United States and from the disci­ at the University are now creating com­ plinary perspectives oflaw and manage­ puter programs to train students in civil ment. Both summer programs are taught procedure, evidence, trial advocacy, and in English. Students possessing the requi­ torts, with programs in other areas ofthe site language skills can arrange to take a law beingplanned. Students using the part oftheir regular J.D. program at programs will be able to test their knowl­ either ofthe European law schools. edge of the law through instructional in­ During the academic year, the Law teraction that stresses student involve­ School benefits from visits by students ment. The programs are run on personal and faculty from Lyon and Uppsala. For computers. several years a group often Swedish stu­ The Law School's Computer Labora­ dents has enrolled for the fall semester at tory, containing numerous personal com­ the Law School. Visiting professors from puters, is open to all students and faculty. France and Sweden have offered courses Instructional exercises, word processing to the Law School community on an ongo­ software, and access to WESTLAW & ing basis. LEXIS data bases are available. The com­ As part ofthe Law School's continuing puters are also used by students writing relationship with institutions in China, briefs, journal articles, clinical pleadings, the Dean ofFudan Law School was in resi­ and otherdocuments. In addition, all dence at the Law School in 1984-85, where members of the faculty and administra­ he lectured on the Chinese legal system to tion who desire computer support have faculty, students, and members ofthe bar. personal computers in their offices. Another faculty member from Fudan is in Lecture Series-Distinguished members residence during the 1985-86 academic ofthe bench and bar enrich the cultural year. Several Chinese law students are and intellectual environment by speaking also enrolled at the Law School. Further before the Law School community in a va­ visits from Chinese scholars and law stu­ riety oflecture programs. The annual dents are planned. William B. Lockhart Lectures, named in Judicial Externships-A newly created honor ofa former dean ofthe Law School, externship program with the federal dis­ discuss democratic ideals in order to stim­ trict court, state appellate court, and dis- ulate a broader concern for public affairs. On Law Day, each May 1, noted speakers

20 Special Programs

analyze topics ofnational interest that il­ study are the opportunity to apply some lustrate the legal system in operation. courses toward both degrees and to gain Presenters ofthe biennial John Dewey insights into cross-disciplinary problems. Lectureship in Philosophy ofLaw con­ The student pursuing a coordinated tribute to the development ofjurispru­ program pays tuition to only one ofthe dence. The Jurist-in-Residence program, schools. which has featured such distinguished Law and Public Affairs-One ofthe guests as Judge Myron Bright ofthe V.S. most frequently elected coordinated pro­ Federal District Court, Eighth Circuit, grams is offered with the Humphrey Insti­ and Justice William H. Rehnquist ofthe tute of Public Affairs. In this program, the V.S. Supreme Court provides unique in­ student usually spends one year full time sight into the judicial process and a close­ in the Law School, one year full time in up view ofsome ofits decision makers. the Humphrey Institute, and two years in Graduate Study in Law-The Law combined law and public affairs study. School does not have a regular program Students normally apply for this com­ for graduate study in law. Occasionally, bined program after completing at least however, for an outstanding student, it ar­ one year ofLaw School. ranges a special program ofacademic The public affairs program offers in­ work, research, and writing under the su­ struction in policy formulation, adminis­ pervision ofa member ofthe faculty lead­ tration, and evaluation, which may be ing to the degree ofmaster oflaws especially valuable for lawyers who plan (LL.M.). Normally, though, students are to assume community leadership and gov­ advised to apply to one ofthe several law ernment positions. For more information, schools that offer regular graduate pro­ contact the Humphrey Institute ofPublic grams. Affairs. Coordinated Law School and Gradu­ Law and Master ofBusiness Adminis­ ate School Study-A student may simul­ tration-Another frequently elected coor­ taneously pursue a law degree and a dinated program is the Law/ M.B.A. graduate degree in some department of program. Students usually spend one full the Graduate School. year in the Law School, one full year in In order to do so, the student must ap­ the School ofManagement, and the re­ ply separately to the Law School and to maining time combining law and business the Graduate School. Each school makes courses. The School ofManagement offers admission decisions using its own stan­ both a day and evening M.B.A. program. dards. The first year of Law School must For more information, contact the School be taken as a block, so concurrent gradu­ ofManagement Office ofAdmission or the ate study is rarely possible during that Law School Office of Admission. year. Some graduate departments require Minor in Law for Graduate Students­ one year oftheir work to be taken in a Subject to the requirements ofthe degree similar manner, essentially excluding law program and approval by the major de­ study during that period. Thereafter, se­ partment, a graduate student may earn a lection ofcourses from both schools is pos­ minor in law for either the master's de­ sible. Students are encouraged to apply gree or the Ph.D. degree. Courses must be for such programs before entering Gradu­ selected from among those offered in the ate School or Law School, but application regular professional curriculum ofthe after entry into one ofthe schools is also Law School. Many law courses have pre­ possible. requisites or enrollment limitations, so The Graduate School and the Law early planning ofsuch a minor is essen­ School each administer their program re­ tial. Interested students should contact quirements separately, and the student their major department to see ifa law mi­ must conform to the requirements ofeach. nor is advisable and should also contact The principal advantages ofcoordinated

21 -, General Information

the Law School regarding availability of graduates. The placement director and courses. staffassist law students and graduates Master ofArts Degree, American Le· seeking permanent, part-time, or summer gal Institutions-This degree is offered employment. only to students who have completed law The Placement Office also sponsors a degrees at foreign universities. It is in­ series ofcareer planning seminars, pro­ tended to give such lawyers an under­ vides each student with a placement man­ standing ofthe American legal system ual, and maintains a placement library and a background in the social, economic, with books, articles, and other informa­ and political framework within which it tion covering all aspects oflegal employ­ operates. ment and thejob search. Students in this program select their courses from the regular professional of­ Alumni Activities ferings ofthe Law School. They also take Law Alumni Association-Law School courses from one or more other depart­ graduates automatically become members ments ofthe University to fulfill the "re­ ofthe Law Alumni Association. Of7,000 lated field" requirement ofthe Plan B living alumni, some 2,000 are dues-pa~­ program in the Graduate School. There ing members. Their dues support a van­ are no courses offered specially for candi­ ety ofactivities, including student dates for this degree. At least one full year participation in moot court, client coun­ in residence is necessary, although stu­ seling, and intercollegiate competit~ons: dents may spend as long as two years in The association assists in the orgamzatlon residence. The degree is formally granted ofclass reunions, sponsors an annual through the Graduate School. homecoming luncheon, periodically pub­ Since admission to the program is lishes an alumni directory, and arranges severely limited, applicants should clearly for Minnesota get-togethers at bar associ­ specify the particular course ofstudy they ation meetings in other states. In 1968, wish to pursue. Financial assistance is not the association initiated Partners in Ex­ available for applicants to this program. cellence to raise money from alumni and Applications may be obtained from the Di­ friends to assure the extra margin needed rector ofGraduate Studies, American Le­ to maintain Minnesota as one ofthe great gal Institutions, 412 Law Building, law schools in the country. The funds University ofMinnesota, 22919th Av­ strengthen the Law Library, support clin­ enue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455. ical programs, and provide additional re­ Summer School-A summer session of search assistance for the faculty. eight weeks is offered starting in early Board ofVisitors-The Board ofVisitors June. Applicants must have completed is composed ofthe directors ofthe Law one year at a law school approved by the Alumni Association and an equal number Association ofAmerican Law Schools or ofmembers, many ofwhom are non­ American Bar Association, and must sub­ alumni, selected by the president ofthe mit a letter ofgood standing from a dean Minnesota BarAssociation. The board ofthe school attended. Summer school ap­ was organized to review the Law School's plications are available in February from programs and serve as a ch~e~ ofcom­ the Law School Admissions Office, 290 munication between the practlcmg bar Law Building, University ofMinnesota, and the Law School. The board meets 22919th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN semiannually at the Law School. Mem­ 55455 (612/376-3344). bers talk with faculty, students, and ad­ ministrators and visit classes to obtain an Placement overview ofthe school's progress. The Law School maintains a Placement Office for the benefit ofits students and

22

I I Juris Doctor Program

Objectives understanding ofa decision reached by the court. The end product sought by the The program leading to the J.D. Guris doc­ Law School is a lawyer thoroughly tor) degree requires three academic years grounded in knowledge and understand­ offull-time Law School study completed ing ofpast legal tradition and present law, at prescribed levels ofscholastic achieve­ prepared to resolve new and difficult legal ment. The curriculum ofthe Law School problems. has three objectives: Tutorial instruction is used exten­ (l) to provide a thorough and basic sively to develop the student's ability to training in the law and legal techniques solve problems. In the first year every stu­ required for successful practice oflaw and dent is given specific problems to resolve. for scholarly work in law, She or he engages in independent re­ (2) to create an understanding ofand search on and study ofeach problem and appreciation for the role ofthe lawyer and prepares a legal memorandum, opinion legal tribunals in the administration of letter, or brief. Analysis and writing are justice, and then closely scrutinized by an upperclass (3) to prepare Law School graduates student and, after a conference, a second for the lawyer's responsibility to improve or even a third draft is prepared with the the administration ofjustice and to same procedure ofscrutiny and discus­ provide government and community lead­ sion. ership. Emphasis is placed on an under­ standing ofthe history, principles, and purposes oflegal institutions; the opera­ Courses tion ofthese institutions in the modem The normal course load is 14 hours per world; and the development oflegal skills. week in the first year and 12 to 18 hours per week in the second and third years. Methods Additional work cannot be taken without the dean's approval. Attendance at all The Law School uses a variety ofteaching classes and all special lectures is required. methods. The basic form ofinstruction is The first-year program includes the re­ the case and problem method, which cen­ quired courses listed in the following sec­ ters on the critical study and discussion of tion. The second- and third-year programs decisions by courts and administrative are largely composed ofelectives, ~llow- . agencies. The decisions selected for study ing the student to choose from a w~de van­ reflect both the evolution ofthe law and ety ofspecialized courses and semmars. A the efforts to arrive at satisfactory solu­ total of88 credits are required for gradua­ tions to difficult current problems. In­ tion. structors also make use oftextual and The Law School grading system is legislative materials. Study ofdecisions, based on a scale of4 to 16, with 16 the texts, and legislation is supplemented highest and 4 failing. The lowest grade with hypothetical or real problems that equivalent to a C on the scale is 8. students consider and solve. Since the Law School is on a semester These decisions and other legal mate­ system, it begins fall classes earlier than rials give the student a realistic under­ the rest ofthe University. The schedule of standingofthe history and current state courses for the academic year is available ofthe law. But the more important pur­ in the administrative office in late sum­ pose for using actual decisions as the basic mer. teaching tool is to pose actual pr?blems for Beginning students are admitted only which the student must seek satisfactory in the fall ofthe year and are expected to solutions. The primary value ofthis register and attend an orientation session method is that the student gains experi­ immediately preceding the regular open­ ence seeking the best solution to a prob­ ing ofclasses. lem, rather than simply acquiring an

24 Courses

The first-year class of250 students is Second and Third Years divided into five sections. Class size for ACCOUNTING FOR LAWYERS (5112). (2 cr; SoN the first year varies from 10 in the legal grading only) writing sections to 50 to 100 in the other Double entry bookkeeping; realization and recogni­ six required courses. tion ofincome; matching ofcosts and revenues; inven­ tory and depreciation methods; formation of accounting principles; basic theory ofaccounting and First Year major current problems including hotly debated is­ CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (5007). (5 cr) sues ofaccounting principles. Designed to acquaint Judicial review authority; problems ofgovernment the student with financial affairs and shortcomings of structure-federalism, intergovernmental relations, present financial statements. separation ofpowers; and individual rights and limi­ ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (5606). (3 cr) tations on government power-protection ofeconomic Function of administrative agencies in our society; and property claims, equality under the law, personal legislative, judicial (including constitutional), and ex­ liberties, freedom ofspeech and ofreligion. ecutive controls ofadministrative agencies; interrela­ CONTRACTS (5001). (6 cr) tions of legislative, judicial, executive, and Basic course in law ofcontract and promissory obliga­ administrative agencies in development ofpublic pol­ tion; formation ofcontracts; legal validity and con­ icy; internal decision-making processes ofadministra­ struction; breach; legal and equitable remedies for tive agencies. (Most practitioners are likely to spend breach; conditions; third-party rights; the Uniform more oftheir time dealing with administrative agen­ Commercial Code, Articles 1 and 2. cies than litigating in court; the modern practice of law therefore requires a knowledge ofthe administra­ CRIMINAL LAW (5205). (3 cr) tive process at both federal and state levels.) Purposes and functions ofcriminal processes and of several deprivations they impose. Requisites for offi­ ADMIRALTY (5612). (2 cr) cial designation ofacts and persons as "crimes" and Admiralty jurisdiction, maritime liens, sailors and "criminals." Justifications for acts otherwise desig­ harbor workers, personel injury and death remedies, nated "criminal," with emphasis on concepts ofcrimi­ collision, limitation ofJiability, marine insurance, nal responsibility. Nature and limits ofcriminal ocean bills ofJading, and charters. sentencing process. ADVANCED TORTS (5230). (3 cr; prereq Torts) LEGAL RESEARCH (5003). (3 cr) Study ofinjuries to relational interests, including Use ofmodern law library for research; preparation of defamation, privacy (a relational interest in some con­ memoranda and briefs with tutorial instruction in le­ texts, not in others), misuse ofJegal procedure, busi­ gal analysis and legal writing. Legal bibliography. ness torts, interference with family relations, (Each first-year small section is normally subdivided wrongful death actions, and iftime permits, no-fault into four research groups, with the chiefresponsibil­ auto compensation system in Minnesota. ity for instruction in each group borne by an upper­ AGRICULTURAL LAW (5637). (2 cr) class instructor working closely with the professor Introduction to the agricultural industries, farm re­ instructing the section.) source planning, taxation, farm business and estate PROCEDURE (5006). (6 cr) planning, commercial law and the farmer, coopera­ Jurisdiction, pleading, discovery, practice, pretrial tive law, and economic regulation ofthe food system. motions, trial,judge-jury relationships, directed ver­ Uses a single hypothetical case as integrating method dicts, and res judicata. ofanalysis. PROPERTY I (5004). (4 cr) AMERICAN INDIAN LAW (5838). (3 cr) Legal relationships among American Indian tribes Legal doctrines relating to possession ofreal and per­ Ameri~an sonal property, estates in land and future interests the United States, and the states. History of conveyancing and methods oftitle assurance land: Indian law; conflicting tribal, state, and federal juris­ lord-tenant law. ' diction over persons and property on Indian lands; concepts oftribal sovereignty and self-determination' TORTS (5005). (4 cr) and natural resources on Indian lands. ' Civil liability for infliction ofharm, including assault, battery, false imprisonment, infliction ofmental dis­ ANTITRUST (5210). (3 cr) tress, negligence, strict liability, and their respective Basic antitrust concepts: limitations on price and out­ defenses; function oftorts process. put decisions, market power, monopolization, and at­ tempted monopolization; horizontal collaboration vertical control ofdistributional systems; mergers'Un­ der federal and state law.

25 Juris Doctor Program

ANTITRUST II (5152). (2 cr) CIVIL RIGHTS (5621). (3 cr) Various antitrust issues not covered in Antitrust I, in­ Federal and state remedies for discrimination on basis cluding patent-antitrust and related problems in tech­ ofrace, religion, ethnic background, sex, or age in the nology licensing; state and municipal antitrust areas ofvoting rights, education, administration of exposure; relation between unfair competition and an­ justice, employment, housing, public accommodations, titrust law; labor- antitrust problems; Robinson-Pat­ and health and welfare services. man Act; procedural problems such as antitrust injury and standing; proofand computation ofdamages; de­ COMMERCIAL PAPER (5050). (3 cr) fensive and offensive pass-on ofdamages; and contri­ Introduction to commercial payment and credit bution. devices, such as checks, drafts, and promissory notes, and applicable commercial and banking practices. Ar­ APPELLATE ADVOCACY (5055). (2 cr; required ticles 3 and 4 ofthe Uniform Commercial Code. writing course for 2nd-yr law students except those in other appellate advocacy programs or on Law Re­ COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE view) (5826). (2 cr) Practice before appellate courts; each student pre­ Study ofsystems in several foreign countries for in­ pares briefs and arguments in a moot appellate court vestigation, alljudication, and punishment ofcriminal case with tutorial instruction in legal analysis, legal violations, with emphasis on procedures adaptable to writing, and oral argument. the U.S. context. APPELLATE PRACTICE (5638). (2 cr) COMPARATIVE LAW (5607). (3 cr) Problems involved in practicing before appellate tri­ "Code system" approach to solutions ofselected legal bunals. Appellate court system, oral arguments, and problems as opposed to Anglo-American methods, effective briefwriting. with emphasis on French and German law. ART OF THE COURTROOM (5225). (2 cr) CONFLICTS (5202). (3 cr) An attempt to describe what constitutes effective trial How does a court decide what law to apply in a case advocacy and to analyze why. (This is not a "work­ shop" course; rather than try their hand at it, students with multistate aspects? When is ajudgment ofan­ otherjurisdiction binding elsewhere? Vital course for read and think about the challenge of the courtroom.) prospective litigators. Analytical look atjudicial role BANKRUPTCY (5107). (2 cr) in federal system. Administration ofdebtors' estates. Emphasis on liqui­ dation under federal Bankruptcy Code. Non­ CONSTITUTIONAL LAW bankruptcy compositions, arrangements, assignments See First Year required courses. for benefit of creditors, and nonliquidation proceed­ CONSUMER PROTECTION (5223). (2 cr) ings under Chapters 11 and 13. Regulation ofconsumer sales and credit transactions, BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS/CORPORATIONS I federal and state statutory protections in reporting (5051). (4 cr) credit information, accessibility to credit, disclosure Introduction to general law of multi-person unincor­ of contract terms, exacting of interest, and collection porated business organizations, principally partner­ of debt. ships and limited partnerships. Procedures for forming such organizations, rights and obligations of CONTRACTS participants among themselves and with respect to See First Year required courses. third persons. Corporate organization; distribution of COPYRIGHT (5613). (3 cr) powers among corporate board ofdirectors, its officers Protection ofintellectual property in context of chang­ and stockholders; proxy system; control devices in ing technology. Copyright principles under federal close corporation; fiduciary duties ofdirectors, offi­ statute as applied to protection oftraditional works, cers, and controlling shareholders. implements (hardware and software) of electronic BUSINESS PLANNING (5104). (2 cr; prereq Ac­ data storage and transmittal, and other modes ofpro­ counting for Lawyers, Taxation II, Corporations II) tection such as the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act Primarily for students who plan to advise busi­ of1984. nesspersons at any level-from small businesses to large corporations. Tax and corporate aspects ofprob­ CORPORATIONS II (5054). (2 cr; prereq Business lems involving the organization and financing of cor­ Associations/Corporationsl) porations, stock redemptions, stock dividends, Corporate finance and reorganization. Methods offi­ recapitalizations, and corporate acquisitions. nancing the corporate enterprise including various capital stock structures, term loans, bonds and deben­ CIVIL LIBERTIES (5633). (3 cr; prereq Constitu­ tures. Payments to stockholders by way ofdividends, tional Law) redemption or purchase of shares. Corporate reorga­ Fundamental political rights ofthe individual in mod­ nizations including mergers, sale ofassets, and recapi­ ern American society-freedom of expression; aca­ talization. (Kilbourn's section requires Accounting demic freedom; the right of franchise; religious for Lawyers as a prerequisite.) freedom; the rights of groups with diminished consti­ tutional protection; and individual rights within pri­ vate associations. Areas and issues not covered in first-year Constitutional Law course.

26 Courses

CREDITORS' REMEDIES/SECURED TRANS­ FEDERAL JURISDICTION (5212). (3 cr) ACTIONS (5109). (4 cr) Major problems involved in the cooperativejudicial Attachment, garnishment execution, supplementary maintenance ofa federal system. The respective obli­ proceedings, creditors' bills, judicial sales, fraudulent gations and freedoms ofthe federal government and conveyance, and exemptions, all matters ofalmost each ofthe states with respect to in- and out-of-court daily concern to practicing lawyers. Legal problems of behavior. Problems ofinherent limitations on the personal property security in retail installment buy­ power offederal courts to adjudicate, Supreme Court ing and in financing commercial business. review ofstate court decisions, the subject-matterju­ risdiction ofthe lower federal courts, the power offed· CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (5232). (3 cr) eral courts to adjudicate with respect to state officials Problems oflaw enforcement and criminaljustice ad­ or state interests. ministration; recent proposals to reform, regulate, or abolish police, prosecutorial, andjudicial discretion. FEDERAL TAX PROCEDURE (5106). (2 cr) Organization oflnternal Revenue Service, audits, ad­ CRIMINAL LAW (5205). (3 cr) ministrative appeals, Tax Court litigation and refund See First Year required courses. suits, filing returns, collection, lien and summons is­ CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (5218). (3 cr) sues. (Evening class taught by the district counsel and Procedural aspects oftrial ofcriminal cases, particu­ staffofthe Internal Revenue Service.) larly pre·trial motions practice. Emphasis on federal constitutional limitations on gathering and present· FREDERICK DOUGLASS MOOT COURT (5075). (2 cr) ing evidence. Intensive supervised experience in research, brief DAMAGE ANALYSIS (5631). (3 cr) writing, and oral advocacy. (Second-year students Proving damages; important doctrines and analytical work under supervision ofthird-yeardirectors partici­ techniques used in calculating damage, contrast of pating in the national Wagner Moot Court competi. theories and measurements in torts, contracts, resti­ tion. tution and antitrust law; economic theory as basis for measuring damages. (Prior training in economics not FIRST AMENDMENT ADVOCACY (5240). (3 cr) essential.) Students register in pre-formed "courts" offive people each to decide and issue opinions in series offree EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION (5231). (3 cr) speech cases. Each case decided and each opinion writ­ Study offederal statutes and regulations prohibiting ten will become precedent for that court to use in later discrimination in employment, with emphasis on Title cases. Some problems will be based on real First VII ofthe 1964 Civil Rights Act (as amended). Sub­ Amendment cases, but students are expected to decide stantive provisions and procedures relating to hiring problem cases without citation to Supreme Court practices (including tests and other selection criteria), precedent. In mid·semester, members ofeach "court" seniority rights, promotions, affirmative action, and will do oral arguments on a case before another otherpersonnel practices. Focus on race and gender Ucourt.H discrimination. IMMIGRATION LAW COURSE (5872). (3 cr) ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (5215). (3 cr) History ofimmigration to UnitedStates, federal au­ Legal aspects ofmajor environmental problems with thority to regulate immigration, immigrant visas, emphasis on pervasive issues that reappear in various non-immigrant visas, deportation, political asylum, regulatory contexts, e.g., degree to which environ­ citizenship, rights ofaliens in the United States, and mental quality should be protected; who should bear ethical issues for immigration lawyers. cost ofenhancing environmental quality; allocation of responsibilities among courts, legislatures, and ad­ INDEPENDENT RESEARCH (5608). (2 cr) ministrative agencies; role ofcitizens' groups and en­ Preparation ofa major paper on a difficult legal prob­ vironmentallitigation. lem. ESTATE PLANNING (5151). (3·4 cr; prereq Taxa· INSURANCE (5214). (2 cr) tion I, Trusts and Estates) Basic issues ofinsurance the lawyer may encounter in Planning gratuitous transfers ofwealth to achieve advising clients on personal planning, commercial dispositive objectives under federal estate, gift, and transactions, and casualty losses. Nature ofin· generation·skipping taxes, pertinent provisions offed· surance, marketing mechanisms, insurable interests, eral income tax law. risk coverage, claims process, no-fault insurance, and EVIDENCE (5219). (4 cr) regulation ofinsurance institutions. Study ofrelevance, admission and exclusion ofevi­ INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER (5619). dence, direct and cross-examination,judicial notice, (3 cr) hearsay, expert testimony, burdens ofproofand pre· International law and institutions relating to world sumptions, privileged communications. economy-trade in goods and services, capital move­ FAMILY LAW (5604). (3 cr) ments, monetary affairs, developing countries. Analysis ofthe common law and statutory doctrines relating to the creation, functioning, and deteriora· tion offamily status; illegitimacy, marriage,juvenile protection, divorce, support.

27 Juris Doctor Program

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRA­ LABOR LAW I (5203). (3 cr) TION (5231). (2 cr) Federal laws regulating labor-management relations. State, federal, and international law pertaining to Continuing need for interpretation by the National commercial arbitration as well as arbitration practice Labor Relations Board and the federal courts. Oppor­ itself. Emphasis on law and practice in international tunity to study a specific administrative agency as it transactions. interprets and applies statutory provisions. Union representation elections, collective bargaining, and INTERNATIONAL LAW (5602). (3 cr) collective action. Sources ofinternational law, jurisdiction ofnations and conflicts ofjurisdiction, sovereign immunity, Act LABOR LAW II (52041. (2crJ ofState Doctrine, human rights, international eco­ Builds on Labor Law I and is intended for students nomic relations, and control of use offorce. with a special interest in labor law. Emphasis on grievance arbitration and the relationship between INTERNATIONAL MOOT COURT (5068). (3 cr) the individual and the union. The emerging problems Introduction to international law and policies. Prepa­ of public employee labor relations. ration ofa briefin a Moot case before the Interna­ tional Court ofJustice, substantial editing and LABOR LAW III (5209). (3 cr; prereq Labor Law 1) rewriting, oral advocacy training with coaches. Intra­ Labor relations in public sector. Comparative analysis mural oral argument competition leading to selection oflabor relations under various state statutes includ­ ofteam to represent the University ofMinnesota in ing Minnesota's Public Employment Relations Act. the Jessup International Law Moot Court Competi­ tion ofthe American Society ofInternational Law. LAND USE PLANNING (5201). (3 cr) Public control ofland use and development. INTERNATIONAL TAX (5627). (3 cr; prereq Taxa­ tion I, II) LAW AND MEDICINE (5605). (2 cr) U.S. and foreign income tax aspects ofAmericans do­ Problems of proofofmedical facts in legal proceedings; ing business abroad and offoreigners doing business the legal aspects ofmedical practice; guest lectures by in the United States. Paper may be required in lieu of medical personnel in specific areas ofmedicine ofmost final exam. significance in personal injury and workers' compen­ sation practice. INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS: TAX AND FISCAL POLICY (5891). (3 cr) LAW REVIEW (5609). (3 cr each yr for 2nd-yr staff, 2 Introduction to tools ofeconomic analysis as applied to cr each yr for 3rd-yr staff, 4 cr each yr for associate tax and expenditure decisions ofgovernment. De­ staff, 6 cr each yr for members ofboard ofeditors) signed to increase student's level ofeconomic literary, By selection only. Credit given without grade for sat­ apply economic concepts to an expenditure issue and isfactory participation. to current U.S. tax issues, and develop opinions about LEGAL HISTORY (5228). (2 cr) choices the U.S. should make with respect to tax and fiscal policy. American legal history from its English common law antecedents through mid-20th century. Role of INTRODUCTION TO EUROPEAN PUBLIC LAW lawyers in developing legal institutions. (5121). (3 cr) LEGAL RESEARCH Main European legal systems; their historical, politi­ cal, and administrative background. A comparison See First Year required courses. with the U.S. system. General survey ofFrench legal LEGISLATION (52071. (3 cr) system, structure ofadministrativejurisdictions, and Role of legislation and the legislative process in Amer­ part played by the "Conseil Constitutional." ican law. Relationship between legislation and the common law; representative structure; formulation of JUDICIAL EXTERNSHIP (5057). (2·3 cr) legislative policy; direct democracy as an alternative Students serve as part-time law clerks for state or fed­ to legislative lawmaking; statutory construction; and eral courtjudges and participate in weekly class meet­ statutory obsolescence. ings to discuss assigned readings onjudicial process. MEDIA LAW (5221). (3 cr) JURfSPRUDENCE (5615). (2 cr) Mass communications law, including First Amend­ Introduction to problems oflaw and morality, punish­ ment considerations, libel, journalistic privilege, inva­ ment, social justice, legal and moral responsibility, sion ofprivacy, right to publicity, and regulation of limitations on individual freedom. Emphasis on read­ broadcasting. Overview ofvarious legal issues and ings from modern authors. problems relating to newspapers and other publica­ JUVENILE JUSTICE (5226). (2 cr) tions as well as radio and television, including cable Legal, sociological, and philosophical bases ofthe television. principal agencies responsible for the control ofyouth· MODERN REAL ESTATE (5213). (3 cr) ful deviance. Emphasis on thejuvenile courts' delin­ Major problem areas ofcurrent real estate transfer, fi­ quencyjurisdiction and the procedural and nance, and development. substantive limitations on the courts' authority to dispose ofjuvenile offenders.

28 ~

Courses I

NATIONAL MOOT COURT (5066). (2 cr) SECURED TRANSACTIONS (5108). (2 cr) Preparation, substantial editing and rewriting ofan Emphasis on legal problems ofpersonal property secu· appellate brief; oral advocacy training with coaches. rity in retail installment buying and in financing com­ Intramural oral competition leading to selection of mercial business. Deals mainly with Article 9 ofthe team to represent the University ofMinnesota in the Uniform Commercial Code and its applications today. National Moot Court competition managed by the Bar ofthe City ofNew York. SECURITIES REGULATION I (5211). (2 cr; prereq Business Associations/Corporations I) NO·FAULT INSURANCE (5235). (l cr) Legal restrictions on the distribution ofsecurities. The policy rationale for no·fault legislation and the Emphasis on the federal Securities Act with some construction ofthe Minnesota No-Fault Act. comparisons to state blue-sky laws. Preparation and processing ofthe registration statement, restrictions PARTNERSHIP TAXATION (5114). (3 cr) on olTer and sale of securities, exemptions from the re­ Federal income taxation ofpartnerships. Definition, strictions, and civil remedies for violations. Ofvalue formation, income and capital interest ofpartners, al­ for any student planning a general business practice location of deductions and losses, termination ofpart­ because it introduces basic securities law concepts nership interest, audit problems. such as the definition ofsecurities and secondary of­ ferings. PATENTS (5224). (2 cr) An introduction to patents, trademarks, and protec­ SECURITIES REGULATION II (5110). (3 cr; pre­ tion ofintellectual property matters. Establishing and req Securities Regulation I) protecting intellectual property rights and enforcing First 6 weeks deal with regulation oftrading in secu­ such rights against infringers. Designed to provide rities, primarily regulation ofstock exchanges and procedural background to facilitate timely recogni. broker- dealers under the federal Securities Ex­ tion and proper initial handling ofproblems and op­ change Act and industry self-regulation. Remainder portunities in this field. will cover investment companies, primarily mutual funds, and their regulation by the Investment Com­ PORNOGRAPHY (5802). (3 cr) pany Act. Will focus more On trade practices than is A feminist inquiry into issues ofequality and freedom, usual in a law school course. Ofvalue for any student coercion and consent, morality and politics. planning a metropolitan practice. PRODUCTS LIABILITY (5227). (2 cr) SEX DISCRIMINATION (5223), (3 cr) The recent explosive expansion ofcommon law and Theory, doctrine, and practice ofsex discrimination statutory rights and remedies designed to protect con­ law. sumers from defective and dangerous products. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (5208). (3 PROCEDURE cr) See First Year required courses. Powers ofmunicipalities, counties, and school dis· PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES (5600). (2 tricts and legal constraints on them. Relationships of cr; required for 3rd-yr law students) such units to one another and to the state and federal Lawyers' responsibilities to clients, the profession, the governments. Legal problems ofsuch units, including administration ofjustice, and society; content and role tort liability, public records, open hearings, borrow­ of formal standards ofprofessional ethics. ing and financial limitations. Problems ofmultijuris­ dictional metropolitan areas. PROGRAMMED LEGAL ANALYSIS (5120). (2 cr) Designed to improve ability to interpret cases and STATE AND LOCAL TAX (5113). (2 cr) statutes. Since no substantive law is taught, students Legal and economic issues presented by the various are free to devote themselves exclusively to mastery of forms oftaxation and finance used by state and local analytical techniques that are valuable in myriad le­ governments. Sales tax, property tax, corporate in­ gal contexts. come tax, and government indebtedness as well as fis­ cal crises ofstate and local government. PROPERTY I See First Year required courses. TAXATION I (5100). (3 cr) Introduction to federal income tax as it applies to indi­ REAL ESTATE PLANNING (5222). (3 cr; prereq vidual and business income; gross income, exclusions, Taxation I, Modern Real Estate) deductions, basis, capital gains, and tax procedure Planning and development ofcertain major real estate with reference to current issues oftax policy and pub. transactions including legal, financial, economic, tax, lic finance. and regulatory aspects. TAXATION II (5101). (3 cr; prereq Accounting for REMEDIES (5200). (3 crl Lawyers, Taxation I) Merger of law and equity, nature ofequitable reme­ Federal income tax and its application to corporations, dies. injunctions, specific performance, declaratory their shareholders, and subsidiaries; corporate forma­ judgments, restitution, equitable defenses, right to tion, sale, liquidation, redemptions, distributions, and jury trial. contempt, compensatory and punitive dam­ problems ofaccumulated earnings, personal holding ages. company income, collapsible corporations and reorga­ nizations.

29 J uris Doctor Program

TAXATION II (5101), (2 cr; prereq Taxation I) SEMINAR: ADVANCED EVIDENCEiTRIAL Selected income tax problems affecting corporations PRACTICE (5881). (3 cr; prereq Evidence, Trial and shareholders. Practice) Application oftheories and rules of evidence in trial THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (5232). (3 cr) setting for students with strong interest in trial work. Problems oflaw enforcement and criminaljustice ad· ministration; recent proposals to reform, regulate, or SEMINAR: ADVANCED LEGAL RESEARCH abolish police, prosecutorial, andjudicial discretion. (5851). (2 cr) TRIAL PRACTICE (5618). (3 cr; prereq Procedure, Limited enrollment seminar emphasizing research Evidence) materials and techniques in government documents, Selected problems in litigation. Exercises injury se­ legislative history, administrative law, comparative lection, introduction ofevidence, expert testimony, di­ law, international law, commonwealth materials, and rect and cross examination and impeachment of legal and non-legal databases. Students are expected witnesses, opening statements and closing arguments. to complete a pathfinder in a specialized area as well as short research problems. TRUSTS AND ESTATES I (5150). (3 cr) Emphasis on law ofintestate succession, wills, and ad­ SEMINAR: ADVANCED LEGISLATION (5855). ministration ofdecedents' estates. Inter vivos gifts, (2 cr; prereq Legislation) common types oftransfers that avoid probate, marital Legislative drafting, including amendments, repeals, property rights ofsurviving spouses, with attention to and codifications; state legislative history; legislative antenuptial contracts. Basic estate planning and procedure; technical aspects oflegislation. Where pos­ drafting ofbasic wills. sible, problem or case study method will be used and students will work with the Research Office ofthe TRUSTS AND ESTATES II (5154). (2 cr; prereq Minnesota House ofRepresentatives. Trusts and Estates I) Trusts and future interests material basic to modem SEMINAR: AGRICULTURAL LAW AND ECO­ planning. Trust law ofprincipal and income, law of NOMICS (5809). (2 cr; Agricultural Law helpful but class gifts, powers ofappointment, discretionary fidu­ not prereq) ciary powers and trust termination powers, law ofdi­ Intensive study of current agricultural law topics, eco­ rect and indirect restraints on alienation, and survey nomic analysis and rationale underlying government ofsignificant problems in trust administration. regulation ofagriculture. Seminar paper required. UNFAIR COMPETITION (5603). (2 cr) SEMINAR: AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL Tradework, copyright, and related areas, examined HISTORY (5871). (2 cr) partially from an antitrust perspective. Emphasis on Changing attitudes towardjudicial review, economic the Robinson-Patman Act. impact ofjudicial activism in the Lochner era, similar topics. U.S. FOREIGN TRADE LAW (5619). (3 cr) U.S. law, including related intemationallaw and pro­ SEMINAR: ANTITRUST CLINIC (5840). (2 cr) cedures, relating to government controls on foreign Raskind trade transactions. Tariffs, import and export restric­ Clinical course conducted in conjunction with the tions, unfair trade practices such as dumping and sub­ State Antitrust Division, working with files ofactual sidies, East·West trade, state and local laws affecting cases. trade, special assistance to developing countries. SEMINAR: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN WAGNER MOOT COURT (5080). (2 cr) LAW (5832). (2 cr) Intensive supervised experience in research, brief Introduction to computer hardware, software, and sys­ writing, and oral advocacy on a labor law topic. (Sec· tem design configurations, different applications in ond-year students work under supervision ofthird­ yeardirectors participating in the national Wagner law practice and legal education. Moot Court competition.) SEMINAR: COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL PRO. WILLS AND TRUSTS (5153). (4 cr) CEDURE (5892). (2 cr) Owners' power to choose who will succeed to their Study ofsystems in several foreign countries for in­ property when they die. Wills, will substitutes (in­ vestigation, adjudication, and punishment ofcriminal cluding intestate succession), rudiments ofgift and es­ violations. Emphasis on French and German systems, tate taxation, and future interests. with some attention to procedures in other "common law" countries, such as Canada and Great Britain. SEMINAR: ADVANCED CORPORATE TAX Analysis ofmajor similarities and differences between (5857). (2 cr; prereq Accounting for Lawyers, Taxation American and foreign systems. II, Corporations II) Income tax problems ofcorporations and shareholders SEMINAR: DIVORCE COUNSELING (5806). (2 in mergers, consolidations, recapitalizations, and the cr; prereq Family Law) various types ofdivisive reorganization; tax traps in Students interview and represent clients seeking di­ sales ofcorporate assets and in corporate liquidations; vorce. Interviewing techniques and the role ofa selected income tax problems involving corporate dis­ lawyer in divorce cases. tributions, stock redemptions, liquidations, and net operating losses. No paper required; final examina­ tion required.

30 Courses

SEMINAR: DIVORCE NEGOTIATION AND SEMINAR: INTERNATIONAL ADJUDICATION PLANNING (5825). (2 cr) AND ARBITRATION (5815). (2 cr) Financial aspects of divorce planning and negotiation. Study ofjurisdiction, structure, and procedures of in­ Tax aspects ofdivorce decrees, evaluation ofbusiness ternational tribunals, including the International and other assets, making use ofexperts. Court ofJustice. SEMINAR: COMPLEX LITIGATION (5866). (2 cr) SEMINAR: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS Class actions, intervention, and consolidation of ac­ (5886). (2 cr) tions for pretrial. Emphasis on procedural aspects of Role oflawyers using procedures ofthe United Na­ multiparty cases. Advantages and disadvantages of tions, Organization ofAmerican States, State Depart­ such litigation; its overall utility to claimants, courts, ment, Congress, U.S. courts, and nongovernment and society. organizations to address international human rights problems. Is there a law of international human SEMINAR: DOMESTIC ABUSE PROSECUTION rights? How is that law made, changed, and invoked? CLINIC (5843). (2 cr) Problem method used. Historical, political, and legal roots ofdomestic vio­ lence, theory and skills involved in criminal prosecu­ SEMINAR: THE JUVENILE COURT (5844). (2 cr; tion of assaults committed within the family. Students prereq Juvenile Justice or permission of instructor; will handle all phases of adult domestic abuse crimi­ 3rd.yr law students preferred) nal prosecutions in Ramsey County Municipal Court. A clinical course involving litigation experience in which students will either prosecute or defendjuve­ SEMINAR: ESTATE PLANNING (5817). (2 cr) niles appearing before the juvenile court. Emphasis A practical application of the principles oftrust, will, on the development ofinterviewing, negotiating, liti­ property, and tax law through planning and drafting gating, and advocacy skills within the context ofjuve­ experiences. Development ofestate plans for hypo­ nile court proceedings. thetical clients. Taught by Prof. Stein and practicing attorneys specializing in estate planning. SEMINAR: LABOR LAW WRITING (5804). (3 cr) Opportunity to engage in closely supervised writing SEMINAR: ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION and editing ofbriefs based on transcripts ofactual un­ (5885). (2 cr) fair labor practice and representation cases from the Negotiation problems to highlight multi-interest and National Labor Relations Board. Focus on research interdisciplinary nature ofenvironmental regulation. skills in labor law, development ofunderstanding of Papers required. NLRB procedure, and writing skills in an adversarial SEMINAR: FEDERAL PROSECUTION CLINIC setting. (5815). (2 cr) SEMINAR: LAWS OF COOPERATIVES (5802). (2 Students assist in prosecution offederal criminal cr) cases under supervision ofassistant U.S. attorneys Survey ofvarious laws that apply to cooperatives, e.g., and the faculty supervisor. incorporation, tax, security, and antitrust law. Analy­ SEMINAR: FIRST AMENDMENT PROBLEMS sis ofcooperatives (agricultural, consumer, worker) (5852). (2 cr) and their structure. Selected issues relating to the First Amendment. Em­ SEMINAR: LEGAL AID I (5056). (4 cr) phasis on fundamental philosophical and historical is­ Clinical lawyering skills course focusing on interview­ sues, rather than case law analysis. ing, counseling, and negotiation. Students handle ac­ SEMINAR: GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION tual civil cases for low-income clients with faculty assistance. OF BANKING (5830). (2 cr) Problem-solving approach to issues ofgovernment SEMINAR: LEGAL ASSISTANCE TO MINNE­ regulation of banking in the United States. Each stu­ SOTA PRISONERS (5060). (4 cr) dent will research and write memoranda on several Clinical lawyering skills involving representation of banking problems ofcurrent concern. Insofar as possi­ indigent inmates in areas of general civil law and ble actual problems ofthe type likely to be faced in prisoner's rights. Focus on interviewing, case manag­ practice will be used, involving the power of banks to ing, negotiating and litigating, and knowledge of cor­ engage in businesses outside the traditional concept of rectional system. banking; limitations on access and on competition by nonbanks; capital structure ofbanks; lending and SEMINAR: MEDIA LAW (5880). (2 cr) trust powers; banking's role in federal monetary reg­ Mass communications law, including First Amend­ ulation; branching; mergers; and bank holding compa­ ment considerations, libel, journalistic privilege, inva­ nies, including one-bank holding companies. sion of privacy, and regulation ofbroadcasting.

SEMINAR: HIGHER EDUCATION (5835). (2 cr) SEMINAR: MISDEMEANOR DEFENSE (5065). (2 Survey ofhigher education law plus in-depth research cr) in selected topics. Tenure system, employment dis­ Criminal law clinic. Students are certified to practice crimination, student rights, academic freedom, and under the student practice rule, handle arraignment University-industry relations. and pretrial proceedings in Hennepin County Munici­ pal Court, and prepare three full trials in Hennepin or Ramsey County.

31 Juris Doctor Program

SEMINAR: MISDEMEANOR PROSECUTION SEMINAR: SUPREME COURT-CURRENT (5058). (2 cr) TERM (5839). (2 cr) Criminal law clinic. Students are certified to practice General discussion ofcurrent opinions ofSupreme under the student practice rule, handle arraignment Court. Students will give presentations on recent and pretrial proceedings in Ramsey County Munici­ opinions. pal Court, and prepare three full trials in Ramsey County. SEMINAR: TAX CLINIC (5063). (2 cr) Students represent taxpayers during audits and ap­ SEMINAR: "PRECEDENT" (5864). (2 cr) peals before the Internal Revenue Service and at trial Analysis ofcommon law philosophical assumptions of before the U.S. Tax Court or U.S. District Court. Tax a system that relies on precedent to resolve disputes; procedure and law as well as lawyering skills. principles ofthe appellate decision-making process, particularly the U.S. Supreme Court. SEMINAR: TAXATION (5874). (2 cr) Research on federal, state, and local taxation. Early SEMINAR: PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL BUSI­ sessions concentrate on how to write and edit. NESS TRANSACTIONS (5895). (2 cr) Legal problems in framing typical international SEMINAR: YOUTH, LAW, AND SOCIETY (5847). transactions such as distributorships, licensing agree­ (2 cr) ments, and joint ventures, focusing particularly on Changing social, economic, and legal position ofyouth EEC competition law. Students devote substantial in society. Legal regulation ofchildren and "child­ time to negotiation and drafting agreements. hood" during modernization and industrialization, youth policies ofthe past and present. SEMINAR: PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHIATRY, AND THE LAW (5846), (2 cr) A lawyer, psychologist, and psychiatrist consider se­ lected problems ofthe relation between the behavioral sciences and law as a mode ofsocial control. Topics may include rules and empirical facts, utilities and disutilities ofthe criminal sanction, the insanity de­ fense, civil commitment ofthe mentally iII,law and morals, diagnosis and prediction, the psychologist or psychiatrist as expert witness, psychological deter­ minism and responsibility. SEMINAR: PUBLIC INTEREST CLINIC (5081). (2 cr) Classroom instruction and field work experience in public interest representation. Student prepare mem­ oranda in acted cases involving civil rights or environ­ mental issues. SEMINAR: PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY OF PRI· VATE BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS (5823). (2 cr) Broad questions on role ofbusiness in society under changing structures and philosophies. Control of multinational companies, composition and responsi­ bility ofboards ofdirectors, business ethics, public control methods, work environment, and political in­ volvement. SEMINAR: REGULATION OF MEDICAL PRO· FESSIONS (5829). (2 cr) Personal injury and malpractice litigation surveyed; relationship between the health care professional and health care institutions analyzed in legal relationship to the enlarging function of the health care delivery system. SEMINAR: SENTENCING GUIDELINES (5894). (2cr) Study of the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines-their purposes, problems ofimplementation, and future de­ velopment.

32

Administration and Faculty

University Regents influential author; currently, professor of law (teaches constitutional law, Charles F. McGuiggan, Marshall, Chair administrative law). David M. Lebedoff, Minneapolis, Vice Chair Betsy Berryman Baker Wendell R. Anderson, Wayzata B.A., Northwestern University; J.D., Charles H. Casey, West Concord University of Michigan Law School; Willis K. Drake, Edina private attorney, Minneapolis, member, Erwin L. Goldfine, Duluth Board ofDirectors, Hennepin County Wally Hilke, St. Paul Legal Advice Clinics, Ltd.; currently Verne E. Long, Pipestone assistant dean and director of legal ' Wenda W. Moore, Minneapolis writing. David K. Roe, Minneapolis Stanley D. Sahlstrom, Crookston Stephen F. Befort Mary T. Schertler, St. Paul B.A., University ofMinnesota; J.D., University ofMinnesota Law School' University Administrators attorney, Minnesota Attorney Gene;al's Kenneth H. Keller, President Office and Ramsey County Attorney's Stephen S. Dunham, Vice President Office; currently, associate clinical and General Counsel professor (teaches labor law) and director, Stanley B. Kegler, Vice President Legal Aid Clinic. for Institutional Relations David P. Bryden David M. Lilly, Vice President A.B., Harvard University, LL.B., Harvard for Finance and Operations Law School; case editor, Harvard Law V. Rama Murthy, Acting Vice President Review; Fiske Scholar (Philosophy); for Academic Affairs and Provost ofthe student, Cambridge University, England; Twin Cities Campus visiting scholar, American Bar Richard J. Sauer, Vice President Foundation; currently, co-editor, for Agriculture, Forestry and Home Constitutional Commentary and professor Economics oflaw (teaches constitutional law, Neal A. Vanselow, Vice President criminal law, programmed legal for Health Sciences analysis). Frank B. Wilderson, Vice President for Student Affairs Ann M. Burkhart B.S., Purdue University; M.S., Purdue Law School Faculty University; J.D., University ofIllinois Carl A. Auerbach College ofLaw; member, University of A.B., Long Island University; LL.B., Illinois Law Review, Order ofthe Coif; law Harvard Law School; attorney, U.S. clerk, Judge James C. Hill, U.S. Court of Department ofLabor and General Appeals, 11th Circuit; private attorney, Counsel, Office ofPrice Administration, Illinois and Georgia; currently, associate Washington, D.C.; recipient ofFulbright professor oflaw (teaches land use Advanced Research Award, London planning, real estate transactions, School ofEconomics and Political Science; property). professor, University ofWisconsin Law Russell W. Burris School; visiting professor, Columbia University School ofLaw, Uppsala A.B., University ofColorado; Ph.D., University Law School, Sweden, Indiana University; currently, executive University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles Law director, Center for Computer-Assisted School, and University ofSan Diego Legal Instruction, and professor of law School ofLaw; dean, University of and instructional psychology (teaches Minnesota Law School; prolific and computer and law seminar).

34 Administration and Faculty

Carol L. Chomsky attorney, Washington, D.C.; co-author, B.S., Brown University; J.D., summa cum textbook in environmental law; currently, laude, Georgetown University Law co-editor, Constitutional Commentary and Center; law clerk, Honorable Spottswood professor oflaw (teaches environmental W. Robinson III, ChiefJudge, U.S. Court law, constitutional law, contracts, ofAppeals, Washington, D.C.; private taxation). attorney, Moorhead, Minnesota and Barry C. Feld Washington, D.C.; currently, professor of law (teaches civil procedure). B.A., University of Pennsylvania; J. D., University of Minnesota Law School; Laura J. Cooper Ph.D., Harvard University; member, B.A., University ofSouthern California; Minnesota Law Review, Order ofthe Coif; J.D., Indiana University School of Law; currently, professor oflaw and sociology executive director, Indiana Law Review; (teaches criminal law, juvenilejustice, member, Order ofthe Coif; law clerk, criminal procedure). Judge John S. Hastings, U.S. Court of Richard S. Frase Appeals, 7th Circuit; currently, professor oflaw (teaches conflicts oflaws, labor law, B.A., Haverford College; J.D., University civil procedure). ofChicago Law School; member, University ofChicago Law Review; law JohnJ. Cound clerk, ChiefJudge Luther M. Swygert, A.B., George Wahington University; U.S. Court ofAppeals, 7th Circuit; private LL.B., Harvard Law School; member, attorney, Chicago; visiting professor, Harvard Law Review; law clerk, Judge L. Universite Jean Moulin, Lyon, France; Hand; attorney, Department ofJustice; currently, professor oflaw (teaches co-author oftexts ofcivil procedure; criminaljustice system, criminal currently, professor oflaw (teaches procedure). admiralty, civil procedure, labor law, Philip P. Frickey evidence). B.A. University ofKansas; J.D., Stephen S. Dunham University ofMichigan Law School; A.B., Princeton University; J.D., Yale member, Michigan Law Review, Order of Law School; member, Yale Law Joumal, the Coif; law clerk, Judge John M. Order ofthe Coif; law clerk, Judge Wisdom, U.S. Court of Appeals, 5th Stanley A. Weigel, U.S. District Court, Circuit, and Justice Thurgood Marshall; California; acting professor oflaw, private attorney, Washington, D.C.; University ofCalifornia at Davis School of currently, associate professor oflaw La~; visiting associate professor of law, (teaches constitutional law, legislation, National Chengchi University, Taipei remedies, torts, American Indian Law). Taiwan; private attorney, San Franci;co; Daniel J. Gifford currently, University vice president and general counsel and associate professor of A.B., Holy Cross College; LL.B., Harvard law (teaches complex litigation, contracts Law School; J.S.D., Columbia University higher education law). ' School ofLaw; member, Harvard Law Review; visiting fellow, University of Daniel A. Farber Warwick, England; private attorney, New B.A., University ofIllinois; M.A., York; co-author (with Raskind), antitrust U~iv~rsity ofIllinois; J.D., University of textbook; currently, professor of law IllInOIS College ofLaw; editor-in-chief, (teaches administrative law, antitrust). University ofIllinois Law Review; member, Order ofthe Coif; law clerk, Mr. Justice John Paul Stevens; private

35 Administration and Faculty

Steven H. Goldberg Victor H. Kramer B.A., Northwestern University School of A.B., Harvard University; LL.B., Yale Law; J.D., University ofMinnesota Law Law School; member, Yale Law Journal; School; private attorney, Minnesota; special attorney, Antitrust Division, U.S. associate professor oflaw, University of Department ofJustice; special counsel, Arkansas; currently, associate dean for Senate Ethics Committee; counselor to academic affairs and external relations U.S. Attorney General; professor, (teaches professional responsibility, Georgetown University; private attorney, criminal procedure, trial practice, judicial Washington, D.C.; currently, professor of externship). law (teaches antitrust, professional responsibility). Vanne Owens Hayes B.S., Univerity ofMinnesota; J.D., RobertJ. Levy University ofMinnesota Law School; note B.A., Kenyon College; J.D., University of and comment editor, Law andInequality Pennsylvania Law School; member, Journal; currently, assistant dean. University ofPennsylvania Law Review, Order of the Coif; visiting professor, Robert E. Hudec University ofIowa; visiting professor, B.A., LL.D. (hon.), Kenyon College; M.A., University ofUppsala, Sweden; co-author Cambridge University; LL.B., Yale Law ofseveral texts on family law and School; member, Yale Law Journal; law criminal law; currently, professor oflaw clerk, Justice Potter Stewart; Rockefeller (teaches criminal law, domestic relations, Foundation Research Fellowship, GATT, family law). Geneva, Switzerland; associate professor, Yale; currently, professor oflaw (teaches Donald G. Marshall commercial law, international trade, B.A., Williams College; LL.B., Yale Law negotiable instruments). School; member, Yale Law Journal; law clerk, Justice Haydn Proctor, New Jersey William Douglas Kilbourn Supreme Court; private attorney, New B.A., Yale University, LL.B., Columbia Jersey; currently, professor oflaw University School of Law; assistant (teaches evidence, torts, advanced torts, professor, Montana; associate professor, insurance, products liability). Missouri-Columbia; professor and director, Graduate Tax Program, Boston John H. Matheson University; visiting professor, Duke; B.S., Illinois State University; J.D., visiting professor, Washington, St. Louis; Northwestern University School ofLaw; currently, professor oflaw (teaches editor-in-chief, Northwestern University accounting, corporate finance, taxation, Law Review; law clerk, Judge Robert A. business planning). Sprecher, U.S. Court ofAppeals, 7th Circuit; private attorney, Chicago; Bart Koeppen currently, associate professor oflaw B.A., University ofOregon; LL.B, (teaches corporations, consumer Stanford Law School; member, Stanford protection, contracts). Law Review, Order ofthe Coif; law clerk, Judge Ben C. Duniway, U.S. Court of C. Robert Morris Appeals, 9th Circuit; visiting professor, B.A., St. John's College; LL.B., Yale Law California-Davis; private attorney, San School; assistant professor, Rutgers Francisco; currently, professor oflaw University; co-author oftexts on (teaches corporations, government corporations and torts; currently, regulation of banking, securities professor oflaw (teaches corporations, regulation). creditors' rights, bankruptcy).

36 Administration and Faculty

Fred 1. Morrison Leo J. Raskind AB., University ofKansas; B.A. (Juris), AB., University ofCalifornia; A.M., Oxford University; J.D., University of University ofWashington School ofLaw; Chicago Law School; M.A. Ph.D., LL.B., Yale Law School; Ph.D., London Princeton University; assistant professor, School ofEconomics; assistant professor, University oflowa College ofLaw; Stanford Law School; associate professor visiting Fulbright professor, University of oflaw and economics, Vanderbilt Bonn, West Germany; counselor on University; professor oflaw, Ohio State international law, U.S. State Department, University College ofLaw; visiting Washington; currently, professor oflaw professor, University ofTexas School of (teaches international law, state and local Law, University ofUtah College ofLaw, government). University ofNorth Carolina School of Law, Southern Methodist University Steve H. Nickles School ofLaw, New York University B.A, M.P.A, University of Arkansas; School ofLaw; co-author oftextbooks on J.D., University ofArkansas School of taxation and antitrust; currently, Law; LL.M., J.S.D., Columbia University professor oflaw (teaches antitrust, School ofLaw; professor, University of copyrights, trademarks, taxation); Arkansas School ofLaw; visiting treasurer, Center for Computer-Assisted professor, University ofTexas School of Legal Instruction, member, American Law; currently, professor oflaw (teaches Law Institute. commercial law, commercial paper, consumer law, creditors' rights, secured Carol T. Rieger transactions, contracts). B.A, Northwestern University; J.D., Northwestern University School ofLaw; Roger C. Park note and comment editor, Journal of AB., Harvard University; J.D., Harvard Criminal Law and Criminology; member, Law School; member, Harvard Law Order ofthe Coif; private attorney, Review; law clerk, ChiefJudge Bailey Chicago; currently, associate professor Aldrich, U.S. Court ofAppeals, 1st (teaches evidence, media law, professional Circuit; visiting professor Stanford responsibility, trial practice). University, Boston University; University ofMichigan; private attorney, Stephen B. Scallen Boston; currently, professor oflaw B.A, College ofSt. Thomas; J.D., (teaches civil procedure, evidence, trial University ofMinnesota Law School; practice; has strong background in member, Minnesota Law Review, Order of computer-assisted legal instruction). the Coif; assistant dean, University of Minnesota Law School; research fellow, Kathleen M. Price Harvard Law School; visiting professor, B.A., University ofFlorida; M.S., Florida Universite Jean Moulin, Lyon, France; State University; J.D., University of currently, professor oflaw (teaches Illinois; member, Illinois Law Review, taxation, corporate finance, international Order ofthe Coif; librarian, Duke taxation, real estate finance, University; private attorney, Chicago; disarmament). currently, professor oflaw and director of Law Library (teaches criminal law); Ferdinand P. Schoettle president, Association ofAmerican Law AB., Princeton University; LL.B., Schools; assistant vice president for Harvard Law School; M.A., Ph.D., academic affairs. Harvard University; member,Harvard Law Review; clerk, Judge Learned Hand, 2nd Circuit, New York, U.S. Treasury Department, Office ofthe Tax Legislative

37 Administration and Faculty

Counsel; assistant to Joseph S. Clark, Institute, and professor oflaw (teaches U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.; private property, agricultural law, environmental attorney, Philadelphia; visiting professor, law,jurisprudence, real estate University ofUppsala, Sweden; currently, transactions, land use planning). professor oflaw (teaches economics for lawyers, local government, taxation, state Thomas A. Waterbury and local taxation, tax policy). A.B., University ofMichigan, J.D., University ofMichigan Law School; Suzanna Sherry currently, professor oflaw (teaches estate A.B., Middlebury College; J.D., planning, trusts and estates). University ofChicago Law School; member, University ofChicago Law David Weissbrodt Review, Order ofthe Coif; law clerk, Chief A.B., Columbia University; J.D., Judge John C. Godbold, U.S. Court of University ofCalifornia School ofLaw; Appeals, 11th Circuit; private attorney, member, California LawReview, Order of Washington, D.C.; currently, professor of the Coif; law clerk, Associate Justice M.O. law (teaches civil rights, constitutional Tobriner, California Supreme Court; law, employment discrimination). attorney, Legal Office, Amnesty International, London; visiting professor, Robert A. Stein Universite Jean Moulin, Lyon, France; B.S.L., University ofMinnesota; J.D., currently, chair, International Human University ofMinnesota Law School; Rights Internship Program; member, officer, Minnesota Law Review, Order of Council, American Society of the Coif; visiting professor, University of International Law; professor oflaw California School ofLaw, University of (teaches administrative law, comparative Chicago Law School; vice president for law, immigration law, international law, administration and planning, University apellate advocacy). ofMinnesota; currently, chair, Council of Professional School Deans, University of Irving Younger Minnesota; commissioner from LL.D. (hon.), Lewis and Clark; A.B., Minnesota, National Conference of Harvard College; LL.B., New York Commissioners on Uniform State Laws; University School ofLaw; editor-in-chief, member, American Law Institute; New York University Law Review; adviser, Restatement ofthe Law Second, member, Order ofthe Coif; judge ofcivil Property academic fellow, American court, New York City; professor, New College ofProbate Counsel; fellow, York University Law School, Cornell Law American College ofTax Counsel; School; visiting professor, Harvard Law academician, International Academy of School; adjunct professor, Georgetown Estate and Trust Laws; member, Board of University Law School; currently, Governors, Minnesota State Bar professor oflaw (teaches evidence, civil Association; dean and professor oflaw procedure, art ofthe courtroom). (teaches estate planning). Judith T. Younger Gerald Torres LL.D. (hon.), Hofstra University; B.S., B.A., Stanford University; J.D., Yale Law Cornell University; J.D., New York School; LL.M., University ofMichigan University School ofLaw; survey editor, Law School; staffattorney, Children's New York University Law Review; Defense Fund, Washington, D.C.; student member, Order ofthe Coif; law clerk, adviser, University ofMichigan Law Judge Edward Weinfeld, U.S. District School; assistant professor, University of Court, Southern District, New York; Pittsburgh Law School; currently, private attorney, New York City; adjunct director, Agricultural Law and Policy assistant professor, New York University

38 Administration and Faculty

School ofLaw; assistant attorney general, Robert L. Helland, B.A., LL.B. State ofNew York, professor and C. Paul Jones, LL.M. associate dean, Hofstra University School ofLaw; professor and dean, Syracuse James C. Lanning, B.A., J.D., LL.M. College ofLaw; professor and deputy Donald P. Lay, B.A., J.D. dean, Cornell Law School; visiting Raymond Lazar, B.B.A., J.D. professor, American University, Jeffrey D. Lerner, B.A., J.D. Washington College ofLaw, University of Minnesota Law School; currently, Roberta J. Levy, B.A., J.D. professor oflaw (teaches family law, wills Philip Marron, B.A., J.D. and trusts, property). Charles H. Meyer, B.S.,J.D. Steven C. Nelson, B.A., LL.B. Clinical Professors Dale L. Newland, B.A., J.D. Beverly Balos Mark S. Niblick, B.S., J.D. B.A., State University ofNew York; J.D., Beryl A. Nord, B.A., J.D. University ofMinnesota Law School Michael J. O'Rourke, B.A., J.D. Jane A. Kammerman James R. Peterson, B.A., J.D. B.A., University ofCalifornia; J.D., StacyD. Rubsam, B.S.,J.D. University ofMinnesota Law School Joseph P. Summers, B.A., J.D. Kathryn J. Sedo John H. Wolf, B.S., LL.B. A.B., University ofMichigan; J.D., University ofMichigan Law School Emeritus Faculty Susan A. Short Robert F. Grabb B.A., University ofMinnesota; J.D., A.B., Brown University; LL.B., Harvard University ofMinnesota Law School Law School; professor oflaw and Stephen M. Simon associate dean B.A., University ofMinnesota; J.D., Bruno H. Greene University ofMinnesota Law School B.S., Columbia University; J.U.D., University ofVienna; LL.B., Rutgers AdjunctProfessors ofLaw University; professor oflaw Sidney Abramson, B.A., J.D. Robert C. McClure William C. Babcock, B.A., J.D. B.S.L., University ofMinnesota; LL.B., University ofMinnesota Law School; Robert C. Bowen, B.A., LL.B. professor oflaw MartinJ. Costello, M.S., J.D. Maynard E. Pirsig Robert F. Cunningham, B.A., LL.B. B.A., University ofMinnesota; LL.B., Dale C. Dahl, Ph.D., professor and University ofMinnesota Law School; extension economist in legal affairs professor oflaw and dean Eugene P. Daly, B.A.,J.D. Michael J. Davis, B.A., J.D. Warren P. Eustis, M.A., J.D. Charles A. Flinn, B.A., J.D. Terrance Hanold, A.B., LL.B.

39 Administration and Faculty

Law Library Staff Milagros R. Rush M. Kathleen Price B.S. in L.S., University ofthe Philippines; cataloger/international documents B.A., University ofFlorida; M.S., Florida librarian (assistant professor) State University; J.D., University of Illinois; director, Law Library, and Emeritus Law Library Staff professor oflaw; on leave 1985-86 as acting assistant vice president for Caroline Brede academic affairs, University ofMinnesota B.S. in L.S., University ofMinnesota; associate director Gail M. Daly A.B., A.M.L.S., University of Michigan; Arlette M. Soderberg acting co-director, Law Library (assistant B.A., Gustavus Adolphus College; B.S. in professor) L.S., University ofMinnesota; head of public services Thomas A. Woxland B.A., St. OlafCollege; J.D., M.A., University ofMinnesota; acting co-director, Law Library (associate librarian); on leave spring 1986 Marsha L. Baum B.A., University ofRochester; M.S. in L.s., Columbia University; J.D., SUNY at Buffalo; reference/documents librarian (assistant librarian) Vera R. Carlsson B.S., B.S. in L.S., University of Minnesota; acquisitions librarian (assistant professor) Joseph Levstik Diploma, Faculty ofLaw, University of Ljubljana; M.A., Western Michigan University; foreign law librarian (assistant professor) Nancy K. McCormick B.A., University ofMinnesota; circulation librarian (civil service librarian) Mary Ann Nelson B.A., Iowa Weslyan College; M.S., University ofIllinois; J.D., University of Georgia; acting assistant director for public services (assistant professor) Susanne Nevin B.A., M.A., University ofMinnesota; principal cataloger (assistant librarian)

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Index

Activities 16 Grading 9,24 Adjunct Professors 39 Graduate and Professional Opportunities Administration 34 Program 15 Admission 10 Graduate and Professional School Advanced Standing 13 Financial Aid Service 13 Affirmative Action 12 Graduate Study 21 Alumni Association 22 Graduates, Spring 1985 6 American Bar Association 9, 17 Graduation 19 American Indian Law Center, Student Grants 15 Association 16, 18 Guaranteed Student Loans 15 Application Procedure 12 Asian American Law Student Association 18 Honors 16,19 Association ofAmerican Law Schools 9, Housing 16 13 Humphrey Institute ofPublic Affairs 10, Auxiliary Loans to Assist Students 15 21 Black Law Student Association 18 International Comparative Law Board ofVisitors 22 Society 18 Building 9 International Programs 20 Bulletin Use 2 Judicial Externships 20 Calendar 4, 10 Jewish Caucus 18 Campus Maps 42 Juris Doctor Program 9,24 Child Care Committee 17 La Raza Legal Alliance 18 Christian Legal Society 19 Law Alumni Association 9 Clinical Legal Education 19 Law Forum 17 Clinical Professors 39 Law Library 10,40 College Work Study 15 Law Review 16 Committees 17 Law School Council 16 Computers 9, 19, 20 Lecture Series 20 Council on Legal Education Lesbian and Gay Law Student Opportunity 15 Association 19 Courses 24 Loans 15 Cultural Attractions 8 Major Sequence 10 Donors 14 Maps 42 Master ofArts Degree, American Legal Electives 10 Emeritus Faculty 39 Institutions 22 Employment 6, 16, 22 M.B.A. 21 Entering Class, Fall 1985 5, 9 Methods 24 Environmental Law Society 17, 19 Minnesota Computer Law Equal Opportunity 2 Association 19 Minnesota Justice Foundation 17 Expenses 13 Minnesota State Bar Association 19 Facilities 9 Minority Fellowships 15 Faculty 34 Moot Court 17 Fall Semester 4, 10 National Lawyer's Guild 17,19 Fees 13 Fellowships 15 Order ofthe Coif 19 Financial Aid 13 First Year 25 Parent Loans to Undergraduate Foreign Study 20 Students 15

46 Index

Placement 6, 22 Spring Semester 4,10 Preparation for Law Study 10 Student Educational Loan Fund 15 Professors 34 Summer 4, 16, 22 Public Affairs 10,21 Third World Caucus 17 QUAERE 16 Third Year 25 Transfer Students 13 Reciprocity 12 Trust Fund Loans 15 Records, Access to 2 Tuition 13 Regents 12, 34 Twin Cities 8 Residence 12 Visiting Students 13 Scholarships 13 Second Year 25 Wilson Library 10 Senior Citizens 13 Women's Caucus 17,18 Special Programs 19 Work Study 15

47

University ofMinnesota Bulletin Second-Class (USPS 651-720) U.S. Postage StudentSupport Services Paid 110 Williamson Hall Minneapolis, MN 231 Pillsbury Drive S.E. Minneapolis. MN 55455

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