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Reading the Landscape: Managing Cultural Resources in Sugarloaf Ridge State Park

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Reading the Landscape: Managing Cultural Resources in Sugarloaf Ridge State Park Copyright 2015 By Lacey C. Klopp ii Reading the Landscape: Managing Cultural Resources in Sugarloaf Ridge State Park Thesis by Lacey C. Klopp ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this thesis is to provide Sugarloaf Ridge State Park (SRSP) with a cultural resources management plan for their newly acquired, 637- acre, Stern Ranch property. The Sugarloaf Ridge State Park Final General Plan and Environmental Impact Report identified an increased demand for improved interpretation and outdoor recreation use (Chrisman et al. 2004). Several suggestions were made to meet these demands, including the creation of additional interpretation areas and trail expansion. With the acquisition of Stern Ranch, park managers are planning to put these ideas into action, by extending the High Ridge Trail through the Stern property. Currently, the High Ridge Trail ends at the red barn site, which includes the remains of the Hurd family homestead near the headwaters of Bear Creek. This will be an opportunity for the Park to increase interpretation of the park’s early Euro-American settlement and rural agricultural development in Kenwood, California. Additionally, several standing buildings on the property have been re-used for Park staff housing and for storage. This Cultural Resources Management Plan has considered these impacts to existing cultural resources and has provided recommendations to ensure the protection and preservation of these resources as they are transitioned into SRSP property. Methods: The data required to fulfill the goals of this thesis were gathered through documentary research, field survey and community engagement. Prior to surveying Stern Ranch, a record, map and literature search was conducted at the Northwest Information Center, the California State Parks archive, the Anthropological Studies Center, the Santa Rosa Library and Annex, the Sonoma County Records Office, and the Glen Ellen Historical Society. Additional documents, including photographs and letters, were given to me by Susan David, the great granddaughter of one of the previous owners of the Stern Ranch property. Cultural resources and landscapes within Stern Ranch were identified through a controlled-exclusive field survey over most of the property between fall 2013 and fall 2014. Survey crews consisted of between two and eight non-student and student volunteers from the Cultural Resources Management program at Sonoma State University. Resources and features found within the property were recorded on California DPR 523 forms and mapped with a Trimble GeoXT. Of the 637-acre property, a total of 410 acres were surveyed. Local stories, public thoughts, perspectives and knowledge about the Park were explored through community engagement with Native American tribal members, local community organizations, and Park staff through informal interviews and participation in interpretive iv Acknowledgements It’s a little surreal that this chapter in my life has ended. Looking back, it is astonishing how much has changed, both in my personal and professional life, since I first started this program. While it has been amazing, change isn’t always easy on the people closest to you. I am forever grateful to my husband, for accepting this path and gladly walking with me through it. I appreciate you volunteering your time on several weekends as part of my field crew. Even enduring three weeks of full body poison oak, only to go back out and do it all over again. (That was the last time I promise). This thesis would not have been possible without your endless love and support. Also to my family, it’s been a long journey to get to this point and you all have supported me every step of the way. I hope that I have made you proud. Thank you. Thanks to all of my committee members and field crews that helped make this possible. My committee chair, Adrian Praetzellis, you gave me guidance when I needed it most, and words of encouragement when things seemed overwhelming. To my other committee members, E. Breck Parkman and Laura Watt, you shared your wealth of knowledge and experience openly and whole-heartedly. To my field crews, I know it wasn’t always easy going but you stuck through it with poison oak on your arms and smiles of your faces. (There was a lot of poison oak out there). To Yesenia, I am forever in your debt for coming out in the field two weeks before your wedding. I’m just glad you were able to cover the poison oak with makeup. I would also like to thank the Sugarloaf Ridge State Park staff and volunteers. California State Parks for allowing me the opportunity to complete this project at the park and for collaborating with me along the way. Team Sugarloaf Manager John Roney, for facilitating my access to Stern Ranch. Park Historian Larry Maniscalco for joining me in the field and sharing your knowledge. Bill, Kevin and their families, thanks for letting me bring groups of people to take pictures and rummage through your front lawns almost every weekend for the past year and a half. A special thanks goes to the folks at the Anthropological Studies Center, and the faculty of the Cultural Resource Management program. Your dedication to educating students is remarkable. I am so thankful that I found this program and had the opportunity to work with you all. Finally, to my fellow cohorts, it is an unwritten truth that to get through this program you need the camaraderie (and bowling… and dance central… and Hop Monk) of the people that are in the trenches with you. People that will believe in you if your confidence waivers. People that will drop everything to read your paper last minute and give you advice. People that will remind you that in the end, this has been a lot of fun. Thank you for being my people. vi Table of Contents Chapter Page I. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Current State of Management ......................................................................................... 3 Legal and Policy Context ................................................................................................ 4 Sugarloaf Ridge State Park Final General Plan and EIR ............................................. 5 California Register of Historical Resources ................................................................ 6 The California Environmental Quality Act.................................................................. 8 National Register of Historic Places .......................................................................... 10 PRC § 5024 and 5024.5 ............................................................................................. 11 California Historical Landmarks................................................................................ 12 California Recreational Trails Plan ............................................................................ 12 Thesis Summary............................................................................................................ 14 II. Environmental Context ............................................................................................ 15 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 15 Location and Topography ............................................................................................. 15 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 19 Fauna ............................................................................................................................. 21 Geology ......................................................................................................................... 22 Soils............................................................................................................................... 25 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 28 III. History of Land Use Before 1846 ........................................................................... 29 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 29 Archaeological Research .............................................................................................. 29 Ethnographic Research ................................................................................................. 33 Yukian Language Family ........................................................................................... 34 Settlement within the Wappo Language Area ........................................................... 37 Subsistence ................................................................................................................. 37 Religion and Ceremonial Life .................................................................................... 38 Material Culture ......................................................................................................... 39 Neighboring Groups................................................................................................... 39 Pomo Linguistic Groups ............................................................................................ 40 Settlement within the Southern Pomo Language Area .............................................. 42 Subsistence ................................................................................................................
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