Timeline / 1800 to 1850 /

Date Country Theme

1812 Romania Political Context

After the Russian–Ottoman war of 1806–12 Russia annexes the eastern part of (Bessarabia).

1813 Romania Fine And Applied Arts

Gheorghe Asachi teaches a class of drawing and history of art at the School for Surveying Engineers (Moldavia).

1817 Romania Travelling

August–September: Habsburg Emperor Francis I and his wife Carolina visit the cities of and are very well received by the population.

1821 - 1822 Romania Political Context

January 1821–July 1822: revolution in Moldavia and against the Phanariotes (Greek rulers imposed by the since the beginning of the 18th century) and for social and economic measures to improve the lives of the people. After the suppression of the revolution the Empire appoints Romanian rulers in Moldavia (Ioni## Sandu Sturdza) and Walachia (Grigore ).

1824 Romania Cities And Urban Spaces

During the reign of Prince Grigore IV Ghica, the major streets in , which used to be covered with wooden planks, are covered with cobblestones.

1829 Romania Political Context

The peace Treaty of Edirne institutes the Russian protectorate over Moldavia and Wallachia, which lasts until 1856. The Romanian countries remain under Russian occupation until 1834. Under the supervision of the Russian authorities in 1830– 31 the Organic Regulations, considered to be the first Romanian , are drawn up and adopted.

1829 Romania Economy And Trade

14 September: the Treaty of Edirne annuls the Ottoman monopoly on Wallachia and Moldavia’s commerce.

1830 Romania Migrations

The beginning of Greek immigration into Br#ila. Many Greeks emigrate to Wallachia and settle in the Romanian ports on the Danube after the liberalisation of commerce on the Danube and Black Sea (1828).

1832 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Date Country Theme

Gheorghe Asachi founds in Ia#i a lithographic called Institutul Albinei (The Bee Institute).

1833 Romania Cities And Urban Spaces

Copou, one of the first public gardens in Romania, is laid out in Ia#i, Moldavia, at the initiative of Prince .

1837 Romania Rediscovering The Past

Two peasants find a Gothic hoard (4th–5th centuries AD) – the Pietroasa Treasure – near a village from Buz#u county (Wallachia). Unfortunately, only 12 of the 22 golden pieces – jewellery and vases – were preserved.

1837 Romania Reforms And Social Changes

Based on the Organic Regulations adopted in 1831, the National Assembly of Wallachia includes for the first time, apart from its traditional categories (the clergy and the aristocracy), representatives of the middle classes.

1840 Romania Economy And Trade

Austrian engineers Karol and Rafael Hoffmann and Carol Maderspach initiate the extraction of coal in the Jiu Valley (south Transylvania), which was and still is the main coal-mining region of Romania.

1840 Romania Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion

Top hats begin to be worn in the United Principalities, where they were called joben, from the name of Jobin, the French merchant who first sold them in Bucharest.

1843 Romania Fine And Applied Arts

Carol Popp de Szathmari, the most important Romanian photographer of the 19th century (born in Cluj, Transylvania), moves to Bucharest, where he opens a photo studio.

1846 Romania Economy And Trade

The rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia, Mihail Sturdza and Gheorghe Bibescu, sign a convention that stipulates the abolishment of the customs between the two countries. The convention becomes effective in January 1847.

1847 Romania Great Inventions Of The 19th Century

The construction of a road to link Wallachia and Transylvania, crossing through the Pass in the , is begun during the reign of Prince Gheorghe Bibescu.

1848 - 1849 Romania Political Context Date Country Theme

Revolution in the Romanian countries: in Wallachia and Moldavia revolutionaries demand their countries’ right to self-determination, while in Transylvania want equal rights to those of the Hungarians and Germans.

1848 Romania Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion

The premiere at the National Theatre in Ia#i of the first Romanian operetta, Baba Hârca, with a script by poet Matei Millo and music composed by Alexandru Flechtenmacher.

1850 Romania Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion

January: the birth of , who is considered to be the most important Romanian poet of the 19th century.