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The Life-Boat Journal

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The Life-Boat Journal THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL OF THE National 3Life*boat Institution. (ISSUED QUARTERLY.) VOL. XII.—No. 133.] AUGUST 1, 1884. [PEIOE 3d. THE SELF-RIGHTING LIFE-BOAT. THE award of the prize of £600 and a gold of all the opponents to the self-righting medal made by her Majesty's Commis- boat, because, although " facts are stubborn sioners of the INTERNATIONAL FISHEBIES things," they are not all-powerful. EXHIBITION to the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE- During the Exhibition we heard many BOAT INSTITUTION for the " best full-sized criticisms and statements respecting the Life-Boat, fully equipped, and on a car- Institution's boat, which would have been riage, adapted to aid stranded or wrecked amusing, had they not been calculated vessels from the shore, in gales of wind, to do mischief, by shaking the con- and through heavy broken seas and surf," fidence of the uninitiated in its value, must have been very gratifying to all and consequently by weakening the Insti- interested in and connected with the tution in the public estimation, crippling Society, whether as contributors to its its usefulness. One stated to us that maintenance, or as more actively engaged "hundreds of them capsized"; another, in the management of its affairs since the "Do you call that a Life-boat? It self-righting boat was established thirty- has been the curse of the country that two years ago. It should go far to satisfy it was ever invented." We were also the first named, that the funds they have told, in all seriousness and good faith, entrusted to the governing body have that our boats could not pull against been well and ably administered, if the wind and sea, and we fear that the old result is, to find that the description of fallacy that because a boat will self-right boat considered by it to be the' best and if upset, she must be equally liable to most efficient, is able to carry off, in open capsize, is not entirely exploded, our boat competition, a prize large enough to have still being absurdly called in some parts remunerated any competitor who could the " roly-poly." have produced a better. To all who have The Committee appointed in 1850. to taken any part in the government of the examine into and report upon the models Institution, or are now doing so, it must sent in to compete for the Duke of be equally satisfactory to find the boat Northumberland's prize for the best Life they have hitherto adhered to, and which boat, was composed of able and experienced they still hold to be " all round " the most naval officers and naval architects, who efficient and best adapted engine for the formulated for their own guidance the work required of it, holding the proud following table of qualities requisite for a position of winner in such a race. good Life-boat. It would be unreasonable to expect 1. Qualities as a rowing boat in all that this result will change the opinions weathers. XII.—No. 133.—LIFE-BOAT JOUENAL. 2 D 406 THE LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL. [AUGUST 1,1884. 2. Qualities as a sailing boat. directly opposed to No. 13, "Access to 3. Qualities as a sea boat—stability, stem and stern." We could, if necessary, safety, buoyancy forward for launching enumerate other differences. through a surf. To bring these different qualities into 4. Small internal capacity for water up harmony with each other has been, so to to the level of the thwarts. speak, the office of the self-righting Life- 5. Means of freeing the boat of water boat, and we think the success which has readily. attended its efforts, can best be demon- 6. Extra buoyancy, its nature, amount, strated by showing what it has done, distribution, and mode of application. and what are the opinions of those who 7. Power of self-righting. have worked it, as to its suitableness for 8. Suitableness for beaching. its task. 9. Koom for, and power to carry pas- The first self-righting boat was placed sengers. on the coast in 1852, and there are now 10. Moderate weight for transport along two hundred and fifty-six of them at shore. various stations, belonging to the Institu- 11. Protection from injury to the tion. Between their first establishment bottom. and the 15th of last June, they have been 12. Ballast, as iron, water, or cork. launched for service no less than 4,405 13. Access to stem and stern. times, and have saved 11,716 lives. In 14. Timberheads for securing ropes to. doing this only 36 boats, manned by 447 15. Fenders, life-lines, etc. men, and having on board 35 men We think this list will recommend rescued from wrecks, have been capsized, itself to any impartial mind, as a moderate out of which 49 of the boats' crews, and and correct general description of the 12 of the wrecked men have been drowned. requirements needed to constitute a good These losses have been confined, however, Life-boat. It will be obvious to all sailors to 16 of the capsizes, no casualties having that the conditions necessary for procuring occurred in the 20 other cases. The the greatest amount of some of these accidents have mostly befallen the smaller qualities, are directly opposed to others of classes of Life-boats, none having occurred equal importance, and- that therefore the in connection with the three largest outcome, to be of real value, must be a classes. Considering the nature of the judicious combination of, or rather com- seas, and the other risks to be encountered promise with, all in their several degrees in these services, we maintain that this of importance. loss is wonderfully small, and speaks Of course there are modifications to volumes, not only for the qualities of the this; for instance, the largest sized boats, boats, but also for those of the crews who such as those at Ramsgate, Deal, Walmer, man them; added to which the fact of Harwich, etc., are too large to be propelled no casualty having attended more than by oars in a seaway, therefore the con- half the capsizes, is a very strong argu- sideration of the first quality loses its ment in favour of the self-righting prin- great importance, but the eighth quality ciple, showing as it does, that when an is equal, if not greater, because some are accident occurs, the boat's righting again launched from a beach, and those kept immediately, provides a powerful means afloat frequently strike the ground, some- of rescue to their crews. It must also be times in the trough of a sea, when crossing remembered, that in addition to the 20 a shoal, and must therefore be of light cases in which no one was lost, in 6 cases draught of water, and have a flat floor. the number of the boats' crews lost was Again, No. 3, " Buoyancy forward for only one; in 2 cases two; in 3 cases launching through a surf," as well as three; in 2 cases four; in 1 case five; No. 7, "Power of self-righting," are in 1 case six; and in 1 case eleven. On AUGUST 1,1884.] THE LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAL. 407 one occasion there were twenty-nine men twenty-two launched for service, always in the boat, including the boat's crew, tb in weather more or less bad and when rescued men, and two women, who were lives were in danger, has been capsized, both saved, the proportions of the los as well as that, taking an average of ten being four of the boat's crew, and seven men to a boat (which we consider fair) wrecked men. From this it will be only one life in nine hundred of those seen that in nearly all the 36 cases o: manning the boats has been lost, whereas boats capsizing on service, a very large eleven thousand seven hundred and six- majority of the men on board regained teen have been saved, during the same them, and in only one instance has the period. number lost exceeded one half of those We frequently hear of an uncapsizeoble in the boat. loaf, but this, possessing the form in- One of the questions on the Wreck dispensable for Life-boat wort, we un- Service Eeturn is, How did the boal hesitatingly say has never yet been built, behave? Taking the replies from one or, we believe, invented. It is true this year's returns respecting the self-righting most desirable quality—we had almost boats, we find they are all satisfactory, said perfection—has been nearly attained being worded, "splendidly," "most ad- in some of the modern racing-yachts, mirably," "excellently," "exceedingly whose stability goes on increasing until well," " very well," and " well." they are nearly, if not quite, on their The Institution having, in deference to " beam ends," but doing so entails a model local feeling, retained at certain stations quite unsuitable for a Life-boat. non-self-righting boats, of more than one The assertion that the self-righting boat type, we think too close a comparison cannot pull against wind and sea, taken between them and the self-righting boats in its literal sense, is not correct. The would be in bad taste, and certainly not records, without close scrutiny, show saf- gratifying to the men who work the ficient indisputable cases of this having former, and vie with their comrades in been done, to satisfy any reasonable the self-righting boats, in the performance inquiry, and when it is remembered that of gallant and arduous services in saving considerably more than half the services life; but we must remind the opponents of the smaller class or pulling-boats are of the self-righting boats who, although always performed under oars, it is only comparatively small.
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