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Lunaria Rediviva Sonya Kutz.Pdf Lunaria rediviva Sonya M. Kutz Hort. 5051 May 2, 2005 http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/boga/html/Lunaria_rediviva_Foto.html TAXONOMY Lunaria rediviva Synonyms: Lunaria alpina Berg. Common Names: Perennial Honesty Money Plant European Honesty Perennial Silver Sheet Family: Brassicaceae http://www.cerknisko-polje.net/spring_flowers/Judaspenning.htm GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION CONTINENTS Europe North America COUNTRIES Europe Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany,Switzerland, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Sweden. North America Canada and United States GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION STATES, PROVIDENCES, REGIONS Europe In mountainous regions across Europe North America Escapes from gardens have naturalized in Ontario, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Utah LATITUDE 40oN to 56oN ALTITUDE 200-1200 meters above sea level GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Moist Continental Climate--Deciduous Forest Biome Temperature range 31oC (56oF) Average Annual Precipitation: 81cm (32in) Latitude Range 30o-55o N and S (Europe 45o-60o N) TENDENCY TO NATURALIZE OR BECOME INVASIVE Lunaria rediviva is known to naturalize in areas Currently, invasiveness is being monitored for NATIVE HABITAT DECIDUOUS PRIMEVAL FORESTS IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS IN EUROPE • Beech forests and Ash-sycamore ravines •On calcareous soils of neutral pH, high organic matter, high available nutrients •In areas that have high levels of precipitation and humidity TAXANOMIC DESCRIPTION OVERALL PLANT HABIT AND DESCRIPTION Lunaria rediviva is a herbaceous perennial that is fairly short-lived, persisting for 3-5 years. It grows 2-3 feet tall, and is typically taller than it is wide. ROOT SYSTEM TYPE Lunaria rediviva appears to have a fibrous root system PRESENCE/TYPE OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE ORGANS N/A LEAVES Lunaria rediviva has leaves that are alternate, simple, broad-obate with cordate leaf bases and coarsely toothed or serrated leaf margins. The upper leaves are sessile or sub sessile TAXONONOMIC DESCRIPTION FLOWER Lunaria rediviva produces fragrant, 4-petaled violet- purple-lavender-whitish flowers borne in terminal racemes in mid-spring. The flowers are followed by the formation of seedpods, which are flat elliptical silicles with white/silvery, semi-transparent papery septum. SEASON OF BLOOM Mid-spring to early summer (May to July) USES BY INDIGENOUS PEOPLE: N/A OTHER USES: Cut flower--both flower and seedpods ADDITIONAL NOTES: N/A CULTIVARS: ‘Partway White’ has variegated foliage PROPAGATION METHODS VEG. VS. SEED Can be propagated by division of crown or by seed, but propagation by seed is typically used IF VEG, PLANT TISSUE SOURCE: N/A IF VEG, PROPOSED METHOD: N/A IF SEED, NO. SEEDS/FLOWER: 4 IF SEED, SEED DORMANCY? Needs stratification: 6-8 weeks IF SEED, GERM TEMP AND DURATION http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/boga/html/Lunaria_rediviva_Foto3.html 70oF for 10-14 days PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS • High % germ and high yield potential • Shorten time from sow to transplant • Shorten time from germ to flowering • Non-invasive • Large, full, showy masses of flowers • Large individual flowers • Highly fragrant • Shatter-proof flowers http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni-greifswald.de/systematik/7_bilder/lun_re_1.jpg • Sturdy stems to support flower heads • Large # flowers = large # seedpods • Variety of flower shades • Foliage variants • Minimal pest problems • Adaptability to wide range of soils • Adaptability to water stress and heat • Plant form: compact and/or tall http://www.bethchatto.co.uk/plant%20portraits%20l/lunaria%20rediviva.html MARKET NICHE TARGET SALES DATE Mother’s Day for Spring Bedding Plant Sales POTENTIAL HOLIDAYS Mother’s Day, Thanksgiving, Halloween PROGRAMMABILITY Yes, after dormancy and vernalization protocols are established COMPETITION Phlox spp. (Garden Phlox) Hersperis matronalis WILL IT BE A MAJOR CROP? Probably not, but there is good potential as a specialty crop http://rostliny.nikde.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2003072701 MARKET NICHE INITIAL CROP LIMITATIONS Refining production schedule and length of treatments IDENTIFIABILITY TO CONSUMERS AND GROWERS To small segment that is familiar with L. annua HOW SOON COULD THIS http://www.photorae.it/gallerianatura/pages/LunariaRediviva.htm PRODUCT BE AVAILABLE? Estimate 5-10 years for refining production cycle, trialing veg propagation methods, selection of varieties/cultivars, bulking supply of seed, etc. http://rostliny.nikde.cz/view.php?cisloclanku=2003072701 ANTICIPATED CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS WINTER HARDINESS: 3A TO 9B HEAT/DROUGHT TOLERANCE: Moderate to minimal o o TEMPERATURE: 70-75 F Day and 60 F Night LIGHT: 1000-1500 fc, with high light intensities after vernalization for FBD NUTRITION: 100ppm N for growing on SOIL: Peat-lite mix with pH around 7 PGRs: None at this point CONTAINER: 144/72 plug to 6”/gallon PESTS: Alternaria oleracea and Helminthosporium lunaria, Phytophthora tophthora, Rhizoctonia spp., Plasmodiophora brassicae, leafrollers, thrips, aphids. PESTICIDES: No recommendations at this time PRODUCTION SCHEDULE LUNARIA REDIVIA PRODCUTION SCHEDULE FOR MOTHER'S DAY SALES Week # 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 SEED STRATIFICATION G1/G2 TRUE LVS TRANS VERNALIZATION AND FBI GHSE FBD MD TOTAL CROP TIME = 35 WEEKS Stratification: 40oF for at least 6 weeks It is possible that scarification is beneficial After stratification, sow into 144 or 72 plug trays uncovered G1/G2: Cotyledons emerge two weeks after sowing True leaves: Appear approximately 3 weeks after sowing Fertilize with 100ppm N Transplant: 5 weeks after sowing when roots have developed Vernalization: After 6 true leaves have formed 40oF for at least 10wks Growing on: After vernalization, place in greenhouse Give 70-75oF days and 60oF nights Fertilize with 100ppm N After 3 weeks in ghse., increase light intensity to aid flowering Flowering: Approximately 10 weeks after vernalization NEEDS ASSESMENT FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT • To reduce seed dormancy and reduce production time • To shorten vernalization period and reduce production time • To modify plant form based on purpose: bedding plant or cut flower http://india.ipj.gov.pl/pars_septima/las/lun_red2.jpg LITERATURE CITED Antonin, Vladimir, Jan W. Jongepier, and Vit Grulich. 2005. Sites of Botanical Interest in Moravia. The Bile Karpaty Mts. http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/botguide/karpaty.htm. Armitage, Allan M. and Judy M. Laushman. 2003. Specialty Cut Flowers. Timber Press, Inc., Portland. Blue Planet Biomes. 2005. World Climate Zones. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/climate.htm. Botany.com. 2005. Lunaria. http://www.botany.com/lunaria.html. British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1996. Floriculture Factsheet Field Grown Cut Flowers. www.agf.gov.bc.ca/ornamentals/floriculture/fieldcut.pdf. Bükk National Park. 2005. Homepage. http://www.foek.hu/zsibiuj/termve/np/angnp/bnp.htm. Center for Russian Natural Conservation. 2005. Tsentralno-Lesnoy. http://www.wild-russia.org/bioregion2/2-tsentralno/2_tseles.htm. Chiltern Seeds. 2005. Lunaria rediviva. http://www.edirectory.co.uk/chilternseeds. Clothier, Tom. 2005. Seed Germination Database-Perennials. http://tomclothier.hort.net/page03.html. Dave’s Garden. 2005. PlantFiles: Detailed Information on Perennial Honesty (Lunaria rediviva). http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/1360///. Davis Wiki. 2005. Money Plant. http://www.daviswiki.org/Money_Plant?acton=print. Eastern Carpathians Biosphere Reserve. 2005. Homepage. http://www.fns.uniba.sk/zp/biosfera/brmabvku.htm. Esveld. 2005. Picture and description of Lunaria rediviva. http://www.esveld.nl/htmldiaen/l/luredi.htm. European Nature Information System (EUNIS). 2005. Searchable database. http://eunis.eea.eu.int. Explore. Plant Guide. Perennial honesty. http://www.explore-plants.com/plants/P/Perennial_honesty.html. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). 2005. Data from GRIN Taxonomy. Taxon: Lunaria rediviva L. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tazon.pl?22796. Global Compendium of Weeds. 2005. Lunaria rediviva L. http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/11845.HTM. Government of Canada. 2005. Brassicaceae of Canada. http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/spec/brasslist?p_bd_id=419. Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission. 2002. Invasive Non-native Management During 2002. www.glifwc-maps.org/pdf/Admin_Rep_02_12.pdf. Haag, Jan. 2005. Honesty. http://www.janhaag.com/Pohonesty.html. LITERATURE CITED Hartmann, Hudson T., Dale E. Kester, Fred T. Davies, Jr., and Robert L. Geneve. 2002. Plant Propagation Principles and Practices. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Jaworksi, A., ZB. Kolodziej, K. Porada. 2002. Structure and dynamics of stands of primeval character in select areas of Beszczady National Park. Journal of Forest Science. 48:185-201. Lessovaia, S.N., L.E. Dmitricheva, S.V. Goryachkin, Y.N. Vodyanitsky, E.I. Gagarina, A.A. Semikolennykh, A.N. Shelemina, T.Y. Tuyukina. 2005. Soil-Ecology conditions of Unique Taiga Landscapes. http://soilinst.msu.ru/pub-01/text_paper.htm. LoveToKnow. 2005. Flowers. Honesty. http://www.lovetoknow.com/Flowers/honesty.htm. Lusatian Mountains. 2005. Homepage. http://www.luzicke-hory.cz/luzang.html. Nature in Lithuania. 2005. Zemaitija National Park. http://www.vilniushotesl.It/Nature.htm. Missouri Botanical Gardens. 2003. Ornamental Plants in Their Natural Habitats. The Carpathians. Ukraine. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/russia/carpathians.shtml. Ohio Florists’ Association (OFA).
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