Chris Tyson Conservation Building Moving Forward at Montgomery

Building Dedicated 3

Colombia: A Rare Desert Cycad 4

Trinidad: Unique Palm Fieldwork 5

Belize: Cycads on Cliffs and in Caves 6

Hawaii: Rare Pritchardia Palms Studied 7

Montgomery Helps Our Plant Protectors 8

Montgomery Botanical Center Established 1959 Board of Directors Charles P. Sacher, Esq., President Karl Smiley, M.D., Vice President Walter D. Haynes, Esq., Sec./Treasurer Charles S. Sacher, Esq., Asst. Treasurer F r o m t h e Nicholas D. Kelly David Manz, Esq. Executive Director Peter A. Manz John Popenoe, Ph.D. Mark Smiley Executive Director M. Patrick Griffith, Ph.D., M.B.A. Dear Friends, Research Fellows Angélica Cibrián Jaramillo, Ph.D. e are definitelymoving botany forward at Montgomery. John Dowe, Ph.D. WIt’s easy to see that consistent focus on the most impor- William Hahn, Ph.D. tant part of our work—living plant collections—leads to many Damon P. Little, Ph.D. great outcomes. Cristina Lopez-Gallego, Ph.D. Mónica Moraes R., Ph.D. I have big news to share here: the dedication of the Chris Tyson Alberto S. Taylor B., Ph.D. Plant Conservation Building! On the facing page are photos and highlights from the gathering. This new facility moves our To advance science, education, botanical capacity to a new level at MBC. We are ready for more conservation of tropical , plant work! emphasizing palms and cycads, Montgomery Botanical Center keeps Through these pages are other nice examples of botanical effort. living plants from around the world in population-based, documented, Working on plant questions and concerns, the MBC Team studies scientific collections in a 120- and conserves some true treasures. Here, Michael and Cristina botanical garden exemplifying share their ongoing work with a rare desert Zamia (p. 4), Larry excellent design. relates his recent fieldwork in Trinidad (p. 5) and Chad journals our cycad studies in Belize (p. 6). Christine Bacon’s work (p. 7) Montgomery Botanical Center deals with some of the world’s rarest palms! is a tax-exempt, nonprofit institution established by Nell Montgomery The good work being done at Montgomery speaks directly to Jennings in memory of her husband, this newsletter’s theme. There are many important things to work Colonel Robert H. Montgomery, and his love of palms and cycads. on at a botanic garden. Our team always puts Botany right up in front—plants are first on the list. Montgomery Botanical News is published biannually by Our successes come from knowing that clear priority, and also Montgomery Botanical Center. from your support and participation. Thank you for working 11901 Old Cutler Road with us to advance botany—pages 10 and 11 clearly show how Coral Gables, Florida 33156 important you are to Montgomery! Phone 305.667.3800 Fax 305.661.5984 I look forward to seeing you here at Montgomery again soon. [email protected] www.montgomerybotanical.org

Edited by Tracy Magellan

Masthead photo of Montgomery Palm (Veitchia arecina)

Printed on recycled paper

Pictured: Dr. Patrick Griffith in the Chris Tyson Plant Conservation Building during construction.

2 Montgomery Botanical News | Spring/Summer 2011 A New Building for Conservation and Research he Chris Tyson Plant Con- Tservation Building was dedicated on November 6, 2010. This great advancement provides Mont- gomery with needed capacity for important work. Mrs. Tyson’s generous gift enabled Montgomery to construct a new, larger facility for the seedbank program, and also provide much needed workspace for research. Christiane Tyson, a longtime volun- teer at MBC and supporter of botany, The Tyson family at the new Chris Tyson Plant Conservation Building at Montgomery horticulture and gardens, saw the need for this facility at MBC. Christiane and Christopher Tyson worked closely with MBC, its architect and landscape architect, to design a building that meets Montgomery’s increasing work needs and also integrates with the exist- ing architecture and garden design. Over 100 guests gathered for the dedication—including many of the Tyson Family, who travelled great distances to attend. Montgomery’s friends, colleagues, supporters, board and staff were represented, as well as many of Miami’s botanical institutions. A selection of speakers offered remarks on the occasion, highlighting how hor- ticulture and botany will see greater success through Mrs. Tyson’s generous gift. MBC President Charles P. Sacher highlighted all of MBC’s ongoing work in botany that will be based in the new Open house highlighting research and conservation building. John DeMott shared the history—and future growth—of the seedbank program. Dr. Carol Horvitz and a glacially slow growing one. spoke of how this moves collaboration There are less than 600 plants in among our botanical community for- the wild. Our work at MBC has ward for the sake of plant science. produced and distributed over Christiane—a dedicated plant enthu- 6,000 seeds! siast—was presented with a seedling to Making this rare, expensive, commemorate the occasion. Dr. Pat- difficult and coveted plant widely rick Griffith, MBC Executive Director available is our goal. This reduces remarked: poaching and ensures against “If you know Chris, you extinction. This is just one exam- know that she loves to give and ple of why we grow plants and Christiane Tyson unveiling the plaque receive plants. This, of course, is the great work we can do through what marks a true plant person— our seedbank. Chris, with your Please join us in thanking the Tysons unfettered exchange of these gift, we look forward to many for their deeply generous gift and for living treasures. Today, I present more successes like this one.” their dedication to plant science and Chris with a very special plant, Christiane Tyson then related her conservation. one that exemplifies why her gift perspective, and shared her vision for means so much. The plant here helping gardens and botanists—high- Dr. Patrick Griffith, Executive Director is Microcycas calocoma, a critically lighting her values, how she realized she [email protected] endangered cycad. This is a fin- could help move botany forward and her icky, difficult to propagate plant desire to see good projects continue. Spring/Summer 2011 | Montgomery Botanical News 3 Cycad Conservation: Zamia encephalartoides in

amia encephalartoides is a cycad Znative to a network of deep, dry canyons carved into the Eastern Andes of Colombia by the Chicamocha River. The hot, dry, rocky and open landscape where it grows is quite different from that of other Colombian Zamia, which typically grow in humid forests. With tough, leathery and large, colorful cones, Zamia encepha- lartoides is remarkably adapted to this arid environment and superficially resembles Encephalartos, an African genus that typically grows in similar dry, open environments. In fact, the name, “Zamia encephalartoides” means “Encephalartos-like Zamia”. This unique cycad species was described by Dennis Stevenson only a decade ago, and has not been studied extensively. The tropical dry forest eco- Zamia encephalartoides system in which it occurs is one of the most fragmented, degraded and poorly Leadership Programme, Dr. Cristina Garden grant, enables the team to visu- understood ecosystems in Colom- Lopez-Gallego and Alvaro Idárraga of alize the cycad’s distribution in terms of bia—expanding agriculture and other the Universidad de Antioquia (Medel- slope, aspect, and elevation. These data human activities are rapidly reducing lín, Colombia) along with Michael will be used by the team to provide a the number of known plants. Calonje of MBC have started a project detailed assessment of the conservation Supported by a Future Conser- that aims to better understand the dis- status, for the IUCN Cycad Specialist vationist Award of the Conservation tribution, abundance and conservation Group’s Red List of Threatened Species. status of this cycad. Besides gathering information The project involves locating and about wild populations, the team will mapping native Zamia encephalartoides conserve Zamia encephalartoides in ex populations in order to determine the situ collections to support an ongoing full geographical distribution of the spe- reintroduction program led by the local cies, as well as gathering data on plant “Eloy Valenzuela” Botanical Garden survival, growth and reproductive rates (Floridablanca, Santander). Further- from two of the largest populations in more, the project will provide an action order to estimate their viability. Current plan for conservation including poten- mapping technology, with high-resolu- tial management strategies to address tion satellite imagery and GIS software known threats to this species. obtained through a ESRI Botanic We hope that results of this study will increase our knowledge of this poorly known species, and will ben- efit conservation by increasing its numbers in cultivation and in the wild and by providing useful recommenda- tions to local conservation authorities.

Michael Calonje, Cycad Biologist [email protected]

Dr. Cristina Lopez-Gallego, Cristina Lopez-Gallego and Claudia Calonje Tobacco being grown around Kelly Research Fellow, MBC with Zamia encephalartoides in habitat existing Zamia encephalartoides [email protected]

4 Montgomery Botanical News | Spring/Summer 2011 Palm Fieldwork in Trinidad: Termites and Mud Glaciers

n October 2010, Montgomery spines and warding off ter- IBotanical Center worked with mites bent on “goring” me with their Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden on unicorn heads. It did motivate me to fieldwork in Trinidad. Patrick Griffith work more efficiently, though. and I last collected in Trinidad in April campestris stems are adorned 2007, so by going in October, I was able with spines and too skinny to climb, to collect different species, which fruited but we collected several from the marsh during a different growing season (Atta- forests using a pole saw that I had fabri- lea maripa, Astrocaryum aculeatum, cated by tying my pruning saw to a long Bactris campestris, Bactris simplicifrons woody stem. and orthacanthos). Only a few mature red of the We collected a couple of popula- relatively spineless, ornamentally attrac- tions of Attalea maripa, but since their tive Bactris simplicifrons were gathered at fruiting season had just passed, good a small roadside park. Their undivided seed for these forest giants was not easy leaves and unbranched, downward-bent to find. With diligence, we collected infructescences adorned with red fruit viable seed that passed the float test helped to distinguish them. Bactris simplicifrons fruit (good seed sinks, bad seed floats). While collecting Astrocaryum acu- Collecting a spiny, vine-like palm Desmoncus orthacanthos leatum, I learned that arboreal termites like is challeng- can be vicious. Astrocaryum trunks are ing. When there are no , it worms so spiny they cannot be climbed, but itself into an impenetrable thicket. I found one that had recently been Among trees, it climbs to the top of knocked over by a fallen . While bal- the canopy. Finding mature “accessible” ancing on this fallen tree trunk, sawing is a blessed discovery. off a palm , the vibrations While on the mission to collect disturbed a termite nest and troops of palms in Trinidad, I also climbed up the pale soldier termites flooded down the face of a mud glacier, in order to reach Sabal mauritiiformis trunk with their horn-armed heads in a specimen of . attack mode. It was difficult removing Pressure between the Caribbean and Larry Noblick, Keisha Manaure, Winston South American plates have produced the inflorescence, while delicately bal- Johnson, Brad Bharath, and Juan Rivera ancing on the trunk, avoiding the long east to west fractures or faults in Trini- dad. Along the southern fractures are some unusual geological phenomena, like a pitch lake, mud volcanoes, and a mud glacier. The mud glacier periodi- cally exudes massive amounts of mud squeezed from a large area at the top of a steep slope just west of Palo Seco Beach and the mud slowly and delib- erately flows down to the ocean surf, bull-dozing everything in its path like an avalanche in slow motion. Melissa Abdo, Juan Rivera and I col- lected and cleaned over 6,000 seed of 15 different palm species, but none of this would have been possible without the full collaboration of our Trinida- dian colleagues at the University of the West Indies, Yasmin Baksh-Comeau, Winston Johnson, Keisha Manaure and Brad Bharath. Dr. Larry Noblick, Palm Biologist Anglaise Point mud glacier flowing towards the southern coast [email protected]

Spring/Summer 2011 | Montgomery Botanical News 5 Revisiting New Cycad Discoveries in Belize

his past fall, MBC undertook was able to label 150 plants in the popu- Tresearch and conservation field- lation, measure their size, sample leaflets work in collaboration with Belize Botanic for genetic diversity, and collect seeds for Gardens (BBG) and Gemini Botanical ex situ conservation. Garden (GBG). This project builds on October 31: the team returned to MBC fieldwork from 2008 that led to Valentino’s home to set out for a more two new Zamia species descriptions. distant sinkhole, which required a day’s Each of these species grows in an unusual walk and overnight camping in the rain- habitat: The primary habitat of Zamia forest. decumbens is in two deep sinkholes in November 1: the team measured the Maya Mountains of southern Belize, and sampled 183 plants of the approxi- whereas Z. meermanii grows on the mately 200 plants in the population and steep sides of limestone outcrops in cen- collected seeds. In order to save time for tral Belize. Zamia decumbens is unique collecting the Z. meermanii cones, the among cycads in its preference for a team decided to hike back to Valentino’s sinkhole habitat and Z. meermanii is one place during the night rather than spend of only three known Zamia species that a second night at camp. Collecting Zamia decumbens normally live on cliffs. Despite the many November 2 and 3: MBC and BBG differences between their habitats, both staff drove to Belmopan to process - species prefer a dry well-drained envi- lets, visit the Belize Forest Department ronment for their roots. The primary to complete the permitting and make goal of this fieldwork was to gain detailed preparations to collect Z. meermanii. knowledge of the size and genetic diver- At the Forest Department, Michael and sity of the sinkhole populations of Chad met with ecologist and long-time Z. decumbens. MBC collaborator Jan Meerman, the October 29: MBC Cycad Biolo- namesake of Zamia meermanii. gist Michael Calonje and Collections November 4: Michael and Chad pro- Manager Chad Husby arrived in Belize ceeded to the Z. meermanii site and met on Friday, met Cristina Perez of GBG there with BBG staff Rudy, Freddy and October 30, 2010 and proceeded south to the Toledo Dis- Sinead McCormick. Although the Z. trict. Along the way, the expedition team meermanii with cones were growing on examined a key site where Zamia meer- steep limestone cliffs, the team was able manii was studied and collected in 2008. to cut sufficiently long Cecropia trunks Mature seed cones were observed on two to use as tools to dislodge the cones. plants, an exciting discovery because no After collecting, seeds of Z. meerma- female cones had been found during nii and Z. decumbens were shared with extensive surveys in 2008. Arrange- BBG. Michael and Chad stayed up all ments were made to return to the site to night on November 4 preserving leaflets collect the cones. The team continued in silica gel, cleaning seeds and packing. south and met with Paul Craft of GBG November 5: Chad and Michael November 4, 2010 and Rudi Aguilar and Freddy Salvador headed to the Agriculture Station to of BBG. obtain a phytosanitary certificate in the October 30: the team set out for morning before heading for the airport. Western Toledo to survey the nearest The expedition was a great success, sinkhole population of Zamia decum- exceeding initial expectations through bens. There they met with Valentino, the synergistic partnership of the gar- who had provided key assistance in dens—and some sleepless nights hiking 2008. Michael, Chad, Rudy, Freddy and and working! Many seeds of both Z. Valentino set out to survey this popula- decumbens and Z. meermanii are cur- tion, while Paul and Cristina remained rently germinating in the MBC nursery. behind to collect ferns and other flora. Careful survey revealed approximately Dr. Chad Husby, Collections Manager Gathering data 200 plants in the population. The team [email protected]

6 Montgomery Botanical News | Spring/Summer 2011 Christine Bacon Studies Rare Palms in Hawaii

n 2010, Montgomery Botanical Center, the National IScience Foundation, the National Tropical Botanical Garden, and the Plant Extinction Prevention Programs in Maui and Oahu supported an important 12-day palm conser- vation project in the Hawaiian archipelago.

Ongoing Research This research aimed at understanding phylogenetic rela- tionships and conservation genetics of the threatened and endangered Pritchardia palms, and contributed to the Ph.D. dissertation that I am completing at Colorado State Univer- sity. As a Research Associate of MBC, my fieldwork also helps contribute to the living collection of palms at Montgomery. Pritchardia kahukuensis fruit On my second trip to the Hawaiian Islands, I focused on two particularly interesting regions of the archipelago—the Koolau Mountains of Oahu and the Makaleha Mountains of Kauai. Both of these areas have numerous Pritchardia species growing in close proximity, a distribution pattern known as ‘sympatry.’ In the Koolaus, Pritchardia bakeri, P. kahukuensis and P. martii are found in close proximity and in the Makale- has, P. hardyii, P. limahuliensis, P. minor and P. napaliensis grow sympatrically. A common explanation for so many distinct species in such a small geographic area is that they evolved separately and then came into contact with each other after reproductive barriers had been formed. I aim to test this hypothesis using genetic Christine Bacon with P. bakeri Pritchardia bakeri information. DNA material, herbarium vouchers and seeds will help elucidate genetic and biogeographic patterns that cause these interesting distributions.

Fieldwork Outcomes Twelve days of fieldwork provided MBC with seeds for ex situ conservation of five very rare palm species—P. bakeri, P. kahukuensis, P. limahuliensis, P. minor, and P. napaliensis— and also provided an extensive DNA collection to study these endemic palms. This fieldwork was performed at three sites across two islands: Kahuku Army Training Site, Koolau Moun- tains (Oahu), along the Powerline Trail, Makaleha Mountains (Kauai), and in the Kokee State Park (Kauai). Herbarium specimens were deposited at the Bishop Museum in Hawaii, and the palms were also extensively documented via photogra- phy and GPS data. Morphological data was also collected from herbarium specimens at the Bishop Museum to help shed light on species boundaries in the genus, especially in these two mountain ranges.

Montgomery Botanical Center (MBC) obtained important conservation material of many Hawaiian palms, and helped support collaborative studies in support of palm research through this work. Christine D. Bacon, MBC Research Associate Ph.D. Candidate at Colorado State University [email protected] Prichardia kahukuensis in habitat

Spring/Summer 2011 | Montgomery Botanical News 7 Thank You to the Batchelor Foundation he Batchelor Foundation gen- Terously granted Montgomery Botanical Center funding for a new full sun nursery and palm shadehouse. This greatly improves our work! The new full sun nursery and sha- dehouse are beautiful and also function beautifully. The young plants have been relocated to the new areas and are doing well with all the added space. With recent conservation and research fieldwork, Montgomery sees a growing volume of seed from rare and endangered species. Last year we col- lected over 4,000 new seeds—which quickly grow to fill ever larger contain- ers. The additional nursery space helps support these young plants, ensuring that rare palms and cycads are conserved. Montgomery has continuously grown interesting and rare plants in this nursery since 1932. Please join us in thanking the New Palm Shadehouse at Montgomery Batchelor Foundation for the generous support that continues this tradition— M. Patrick Griffith, Executive Director Tracy Magellan, Outreach Manager and moves it forward with modern plant [email protected] [email protected] propagation infrastructure.

Montgomery’s Cycads Help Train Plant Protectors

fficers from the United States Dept. of Agriculture OAnimal and Plant Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA APHIS PPQ) recently used the cycad collection for a specialized purpose. They took advantage of a generous offer by MBC to provide cycad leaf and cone speci- mens for an identification course on cycads offered at Miami International Airport. The training was organized by William Tang, PPQ Entomologist and longtime collaborator at MBC. Leaves and cones from 10 of the 11 cycad genera were col- lected for use in the course. The class was held over 5 days from September 29 - October 5 at PPQ’s new plant inspection station at Miami International Airport. Several dozen officers from PPQ as well as Customs and Border Protection (CBP) participated in the training. Officers from these two agencies provide the front line for enforcing Endangered Species regula- tions during baggage, cargo and vehicle inspections at borders and ports in the U.S. The training helps PPQ and CBP offi- cers better detect and recognize cycad specimens and material during their daily inspection activities. CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endan- William Tang (left) giving instructions during the cycad identification class at the Miami plant inspection station. gered Species, is currently recognized by 175 countries and is the major international treaty regulating the trade of those animal and plants considered to be endangered. Training is Willie Tang, MBC Honorary Member essential for government officials to accurately enforce these [email protected] regulations—and the MBC cycads helped these officials to better protect plants at our ports.

8 Montgomery Botanical News | Spring/Summer 2011 Thank You to Our 2010 Volunteers

AmeriCorps-City Year Denslow, Nora Johnson, Jasmine Plechac, Caroline Aronson, Larry Douglas, Bettye Jordan, Vivian Reece, Stephanie Brusberg, Marian DuMond, Debb King, Emerson Richcreek, Jim Bowers, Philip Edelman, Sara Lahijani, Sasha Rodriguez, Dana BSA Eagle Scout Jonathan Hirst English, Ed Lewis, Nancy Ruiz, Willie BSA Eagle Scout Emerson King English, Janet Magellan, Marta Scherban, Bernard BSA Eagle Scout Chris Lancaster Garcia, Cinthya Martin, Jenny Schlessinger, Evan Castillo, Clara Gonzalez, Jenessy Martin, Margaret Sen, Smita Castillo, Lawrence Griffis, Judy Marquez, Joe Smiley, Karl Cavero, Stephanie Guerra, Stefanie Master Gardeners Sone, Gabriel Chiang, Samantha Hardy, David McDuffie, Albert South Florida Palm Society Citrix Harshaw, Dolores A. Miami Dade Palm Class Twining, Penelope Coral Gables City Trekkers Harshaw, Dolores F. Noblick, Daniella Tyson, Chris Diaz, Nicole Hicks, Trish Odell, Tim UM Hope Group Daneker, Adonis Izquierdo, Kristofer Park, Lane Wicomb, Kyle Degwitz, Elsa John Ferguson High School Perez, Carlos Witcher, Brian

Salt and Water at MBC

alt-water intrusion was not a concern for Col. SMontgomery when he established the Coco- Grove Palmetum in 1932. Horticulturists with extensive local knowledge such as George Brett and Tom Fennel highly recommended our site for the Colonel’s palm collection. The Everglades would keep the Biscayne Aquifer supplied with fresh water forever, it was presumed. After WWII, changes occurred that would ulti- mately prove deleterious to the Aquifer. Dredging of the Snapper Creek Canal in the late 1940s allowed seawater to flow through the highly permeable Atlan- Longterm Montgomery Volunteer Trish Hicks tic ridge into the Biscayne Aquifer, MBC’s prime helps in the Nursery. Would you like to? source of well water. To volunteer to help at Montgomery call Expansion of Montgomery plant collections (305)667-3800 ext. 114 southward away from the primary irrigation main [email protected] led us to explore supplementary irrigation water sources. There was an abandoned well in the south part of the property, and sampling showed that this Montgomery Botanical Center could be a viable water source. In 2000 the well was brought back on line. Despite rigorous monitoring, 2010 Collection Inventory the instrumentation was simply not sensitive enough to catch a subtle increase in salinity. And many of the Palms Cycads Other plants in the area such as Sabal, Phoenix and Total Taxa 421 255 624 are known for their salt-tolerance, so there were no in ground 355 236 490 overt symptoms. in nursery 138 98 195 Currently, MBC uses water from a well further west for irrigation, and is exploring for the most salt Total Accessions 2,300 1,912 2,362 tolerant plants for the lowland portions of the garden. in ground 1,888 1,554 2,089 in nursery 523 544 293 For a garden that begins at sea level, this is a natural way forward. Total Plants 14,126 9,336 3,280 Lee Anderson, Superintendant in ground 5,688 4,099 2,463 [email protected] in nursery 8,438 5,237 817

Spring/Summer 2011 | Montgomery Botanical News 9 Montgomery Botanical Center Gratefully Acknowledges Your 2010 Support

For the Marion and Tex Haynes Patio grants Walter Haynes Beverley Johnson American Soccer Company, SCORE & The Kelly Foundation Inslee Haynes Jill Menzel Mohammed bin Zayed Species James Haynes Batchelor Foundation Conservation Fund Marion Haynes City of Coral Gables Palm Society of South Texas Molly Haynes Grove Garden Club South Florida Palm Society Nancy B. Haynes Coral Pines Garden Club Town & Country Garden Club Marshall Haynes & Peggy McMillen East Ridge Village Tropical Flowering Tree Society Sarah E. Johnson Patel Garden Group at Ocean Reef The Villagers Charles P. & Dorothy Sacher International Palm Society Janie Haynes Steuart

IN-KIND DONATIONS For the Martin-Rami Fund Banyan Tree Service Chris Lancaster Eagle Scout Project Beatriz Cardona & Paul Tessy John DeMott Lane Park Mohsen Chirara Jonathan Hirst Eagle Scout Project Dr. Karl Smiley Google, Inc. Michaala Speijers & Tom Winkle Judy Kay Jordon Steele For Botanical Fieldwork Emerson King Eagle Scout Project Trees, Inc. Lillian Fessenden

For the Paul Drummond Fund DONATIONS Rosemary L. Hogg James Adt Jonathan Giles Robert McNaughton Kristy Arzberger Danny Gooden Alan Meerow In Honor of Walter Haynes Randall Barber, Jr. Kenneth & Nancy Graves Tonya Meister-Griffith & John T. Beaty Mike & Sabine Bayless William Gundlach Patrick Griffith Libby & Byron Besse Gregg & Debra Hamann Robert Miller Faith Bishock Vince & Connie Hanlon Allen Moore In Honor of Charles P. Sacher Kathleen & George Joe Hibbard Randal & Cindy Moore Dorothy Sacher Bowker Charles & Cynthia Thomas Mueller BSA Troop 457-Emerson Hibnick John & Linda Murillo King Eagle Scout Project Cynthia Barnett Hibnick Florence Noblick In Memory of Elias Baltin BSA Troop 457-Chris Brian Holley Nita Norman Sylvia S. Baltin Lancaster Eagle Scout Dale Holton Brian & Therese Olwell Project Carol Horvitz & Randy Steve Pearson Marian J. Brusberg Nutt Louise Petrine In Memory of Christian Jackson Smiley Don & Sally Bryant Stefan & Julie Kraft Lazaro Priegues Karl & Charlotte Smiley Jean & Gerald Bryant Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Jean & Charles Reynolds Robert T. Buckley Hunrichs Glenn Rilke Lawrence M. Butler Beverly Johnson Charles P. & Dorothy In Memory of Dennis Carter Patricia Clarke Nick & Barbara Kelly Sacher Christiane & Christopher Tyson Alan Curtis L. Patrick Kelly Charles S. & Ana Sacher David deLaubenfels Adelaida & Lange King Larry & Colleen Ted Delavoryas David Leaser Schokman In Memory of Marie Rose Nghiem-Phu Michael Dosmann Ethan & Joanne Lipsig David Schubert Christiane & Christopher Tyson Thomas V. Dowdy Lisa Longo & Michael Cheryl C. Solomon Richard Ebsary Libby George Sparkman Doris Erhard Susan Lynch Jean Starke In Support of the MBC Nursery Lillian Fessenden Tracy Magellan Jeremy Tabak Trish Hicks George Fitzpatrick Steven Manchester Linda Talbot Margaret & Serge Martin Doris Francis Pete & Jean Manz Robert & Mae Thorne Dorothy Sacher Ellen S. Gall Michael Marika Professor B. L. Turner Kathy Gaubatz Kevin Mcleod Ann Ziff

Montgomery Botanical Center apologizes for any omissions or errors in accuracy.

10 Montgomery Botanical News | Spring/Summer 2011 In 2010, Montgomery Worked with & Helped:

Aarthus University DeMott, John International Field Studies, Murrain, Philemon ‘Mappie’ Smith College Botanical Abdo, Melissa Determann, Ron Inc. Muséum National d’Histoire Garden Adair, Camilla Dolmetsch Arboretum International Palm Society Naturelle de Paris Smith, Jason Ph.D. Adams, Brett Donaldson, John Ph.D. IUCN Cycad Specialist Musial, Kathy Smith, Melvin Adams, Russell Dosmann, Michael Ph.D. Group Nan, Li Ph.D. Smithsonian Institution Aguilar, Rudy Dowe, John Ph.D. James Cook University, Naples Botanical Garden The Society of Women Aiello, Anthony duPlooy, Heather Australia National Botanic Gardens, Geographers American Public Gardens Durban Botanic Gardens James, Glenford Glasnevin South Florida Palm Society Association East Ridge Village Garden Jardim Botanico Plantarum National Science Foundation South Miami Senior High AmeriCorps-City Year Miami Club Jardín Botánico Eloy AToL project School Arnold Arboretum Esquivel, Hector Valenzuela, Colombia National Tropical Botanical St. Thomas University Aronson, James Ph.D. Evans, Mike Jardín Botánico Nacional Dr. Garden Stauffer, Fred Ph.D. Atlanta Botanical Garden Fairchild Challenge Rafael Ma. Moscoso Natural History Museum Stevenson, Dennis Ph.D. Axelrod, Franklin S. Ph.D. Fairchild Tropical Botanic Jestrow, Brett Ph.D. of Paris Stocks, Ian Ph.D. Bacon, Christine Garden Jiménez Rodríguez, Francisco The New York Botanical Swarthmore College Bahamas National Trust Fergus, Eudora Johnson, Louis Garden Tang, William Baksh-Comeau, Yasmine John Ferguson High School Johnson, Winston North American Plant Tasker, Georgia Balaguez, Luis Ph.D. Field Museum of Natural Jones, David Collections Consortium Terry, Irene Ph.D. Belize Botanic Gardens History, Chicago Jungle Island Niklas, Karl Ph.D. Tomlinson, Barry Ph.D. Belize Forest Department Finn, Judith The Kampong Nong Nooch Tropical Garden Tooro Botanic Garden, Bermuda Department of Parks Fleming, Ted Ph.D. Kanapaha Botanical Garden Osborne, Roy Uganda Besse, Libby Florida DPI Karraker, Hugh Organization of Tropical Town & Country Garden Bharath, Brad Florida International Kirstenbosch National Studies Club Bickford, Angela University Botanical Garden Oviedo Prieto, Ramona Trapnell, Dorset Ph.D. Black, Adam Florida Nursery, Growers & Knopf, Patrick Pacific Cycad Nursery Tropical Arborists Guild Black, Katie Landscape Association Knowles, Lindy Palm Beach Garden Club Tropical Flowering Tree Bohl, Kerry Forestry Academy of Jiangsu, Kona Kai Botanical Garden Palm Beach Palm & Cycad Society Bösenberg, De Wet China Kramer, Andrea Ph.D. Society Tyson, Christiane Botanic Garden of Geneva Foster Botanical Garden Kress, John Ph.D. Palm Society of South Texas United States Botanic Garden G. Holmes Braddock Sr. High Foster, Robin Ph.D. LaPlante, Jerry Parsons, Ann Universidad de Antioquia, Brady, Steve Francis, Doris Larpin, Denis Ph.D. Perez, Alana Colombia The Breakers Palm Beach Francisco-Ortega, Javier Larson, Anna Perez, Cristina Universidad Tecnológica del Broome, Tom Ph.D. Lee, David Ph.D. Perez-Farrera, Miguel Angel Chocó, Colombia Brookhaven National Garcia, Nicholas Lee, Kurt W. Ph.D. University of British Laboratory Gemini Gardens Leon, Yelitza Ph.D. Perry, Michael Columbia Brownsville Botanical Garden Gifford Arboretum Lewis, Carl Ph.D. Pinecrest Gardens University of California Bueno, Juan Antonio Ph.D. Goldman, Doug Ph.D. Lindström, Anders Ploetz, Randy Ph.D. University of Florida Cano, Angela Gonzales-Moro, Maria Flores Little, Damon Ph.D. Prague Botanic Garden University of Georgia Castillo, Maite Graham, James, Ph.D. Liu, Hong Ph.D. Price, Rene Ph.D. University of Miami Centre d’Ecologie Gray, Gerard A. L. Longwood Graduate Program Pullman, Gerry University of Puerto Rico Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Green Hills Botanical Lopez-Gallego, Cristina Ph.D. Quarryhill Botanical Garden University of South Florida France Collections, Belize Lorenzi, Harri Ragone, Diane University of Victoria, Canada Chinese Academy of Forestry Greenaway, Jervaine K. R. Lyon Arboretum Ramos, Yan Arley University of the West Indies Chormanski, Theresa Griffiths, Marilyn Maerowitz, Todd Ramsawak, Gerard & Oda USDA-APHIS Cibrian, Angelica Ph.D. Guangsen, He Ph.D. Manaure, Keisha J. C. Raulston Arboretum USDA-Chapman Field City of Coral Gables Gulliver Academy Marie Selby Botanic Garden Redland Nursery US National Arboretum Coconut Grove Garden Club Hall, Brett Matthews, Sarah Ph.D. Rivera, Juan UT Austin Cole, Ian Harvard University McCormick, Sinead Rojas, Alicia Veloz, Alberto Collins, Mary Havran, Chris McKee Botanical Garden Royal Botanic Garden The Villagers Complutense University of Hill Herbarium McKernan, Tim Edinburgh Vizcaya Madrid Hird, Abby McLaughlin, Mike Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew von Aderkas, Patrick Ph.D. Coral Gables Cultural Hodel, Don Ph.D. Meerman, Jan Ruhr-University Bochum, von Wettberg, Eric Ph.D. Development Board Holst, Bruce Meerow, Alan Ph.D. Germany Vovides, Andrew Ph.D. Coral Gables Garden Club Holzman, Greg Menzel, Jill Ruland, David Watkins, James Coral Gables Museum Hortus Botanicus Leiden Miami-Dade College Ruyonga, Godfrey Weathington, Mark Coral Pines Garden Club Horvitz, Carol Ph.D. Miami Pioneers and Natives Rybka, Vlastik Ph.D. Welbourn, Cal Ph.D. Cox Arboretum Huntington Botanical of Dade Salvador, Freddy Wenzel, Michael Cox, Paul Ph.D. Gardens Montserrat Department of Santiago, Eugenio Ph.D. West Palm Beach Palm and Cox, Tom & Evelyn Institut für Systematische Environment Schokman, Larry Cycad Society Cozza, John Ph.D. Botanik Montserrat National Trust Schultz, Christian Ph.D. White, Chad Craft, Paul Institute for EthnoMedicine Moore, Randal Seaton, Philip Whitelock, Loran Cycad Gardens Instituto de Ecología y Morell, Craig Shenzhen Fairy Lake Wichman, Chipper & Hau’oli The Cycad Society Sístematica, Cuba Morris Arboretum Botanical Garden, China Wunderlich, Chad Cycad Society of South Africa Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Mounts Botanical Garden Shigematsu, Karen Yide, Li Daping, Xu Ph.D. Mexico Moyroud, Richard Shimonski, Jeff Zona, Scott, Ph.D. de Laubenfels, David Ph.D. Instituto Plantarum, Murcia, Carolina Ph.D. Siemens, Patricia O.P., J.D.

Above are individuals and institutions that received MBC plant material, service, in-kind support, or worked with MBC to advance botanical science, conservation, or education.

Spring/Summer 2011 | Montgomery Botanical News 11 Montgomery Botanical Center NON-PROFIT ORG. 11901 Old Cutler Road U.S. POSTAGE Coral Gables, FL 33156-4242 PAID MIAMI FL PERMIT NO. 1302

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ell Montgomery, founder of Montgomery Botanical Center, sits here on a footbridge over Long NLake in this photograph from the 1930s. The saltwater lakes were established during that era, and designed to accommodate tidal flow through culverts. These healthy waters support many interest- ing fauna-barracuda, snook and crocodiles are often seen and the occasional manatee will also visit. Like Nell, visitors here enjoy spotting the wildlife in these lowlands. In the background are some of the earliest palm collections planted in the lowlands. Many of these plants are at Montgomery to this day.