.

1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. f '351

By :Mr. :McCOOK: The petition of Edward T. Smith and 900 others, the can...~ of common-school education. I move the reference of the engaged as employes in t~e Kinney Tob~co Com~any, o~ New York memorial to the Committee on Education and Labor. city, asking for prompt actiOJ?- on all questions relating to mternal-rev- The motion was agreed to. enue ta.xation-to the Comnnttee on Ways and Means. · Mr. PLUMB presented a petition of citizens of Harvey County, By Mr. MORSE: The petition of J. R. Mitchell and others and of Kansas, praying for the passage of a bill to increase the pension now Madden Brothers, of Boston, Massachusetts, praying that if a reduction allowed by law to a certain class of soldiers; which was referred to the of the tax on tobacco is made provision be made for a rebate-severally Committee on Pensions. to the same committee. Mr. GEORGE. I present seven petitions of citizens of 11fississjppi By Mr. PAUL: The petition of S. P. Bagly, for reimbursement for and Louisiana, praying that the sum of $200,000 may be appropriated expenses incurred in contesting seat in the Forty-seventh Congress-to for the erection of a public building in the city of Vicksburgh. I move the Committ.ee on Elections. that the petitions be referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and By Mr. GEORGE D. ROBINSON: The petition of C. H. Olcott and Grounds. others of Springfield, Massachusetts, for abolition of internal-revenue The motion was agreed to. taxes ~n tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes-to the Committee on Ways and Mr. FERRY presented resolutions of the Detroit (Michigan) Cigar Means. Manufacturers' Association, in favor of the immediate repeal of the tax By Mr. ROSECRANS: Memorial of the Board of Trade of San Fran­ on tobacco; which was referred to the Committee on Finance. cisCo and petition of 270 business men of San Francisco, California, pmy­ REPORTS OF COIDIITTEES. ing Congress to provide for the purchase of a site and the erection of a post­ office building in thatcity-severnllyto the Committee on Public Build­ Mr. VOORHEES. There is now on the Calendar a bill (S. 842) au­ ings and Grounds. thorizing the co~ction of a building for the accommodation of the Also, memorial of the regents of the State Uni-rersity of California, Congressional Library, which has been· reported from the Select Com­ asking le!rislation from Congress to enable them to make certain invest­ mittee on Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress. I ments ol'the proceeds of public lands donated by the United States to am instructed by that committee to report a. substitute for the bill said university-to the Committee on Education and Labor. which is now upon the Calendar, and I ask that it may stand with the By Mr. D. C. SMITH: ThepetitionofGeorgeW. Howard and others, same number and not lose its place. citizens of Towanda, McLean County, illinois, for such revision of the The PRESIDENT p1'0 tempore. TheSenatorcanofferitas an amend­ tariff laws as shall place lumber and other products of the forest on ment to be proposed as a. substitute for the bill on the Calendar, which the free list-to the Committee on Ways and Means. retains its number. · By Mr. URNER: The petition of Minna Holmes, widow of John Mr. VOORHEES. Very well. I offer it as an amendment to the Holnles, late of the United States Navy, for a pension-to the Com­ bill on the Calendar to be proposed as a substitute. The PRESIDENT pro tempo-re. It willbepiintedand will beinorder mittee Qn Invalid Pensions. By Mr. G. D. WISE: Papers relating to the claim of Horace L. Kent, when the bill is reached on the Calendar. of Richmond, Virginia-to the Committee on War Claims. Mr. MORRILL. I am directed by the Committee on Finance to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 6187) to amend the act entitled 'lAn act to repeal the discriminating duties on goods produced east of the Ca.pe of Good Hope,'' approved May 4, 1882, to report it without amend­ ment, and as it is important that the bill should be acted upon before SENATE. the 1st of January, I am directed to ask for its im.lnediate consideration. Mr. INGALLS. Let it be read for information. SATURDAY, December 16,1882. The bill was read. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to thepresentcon- Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. J. J. BULLOCK, D. D. sideration of the bill? · The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. Mr. EDMUNDS. Let it go on the Calendar, Mr. Pr~dent. It is EXECUTIVE CO:ID.IU:h"lCATIOSS. not fair to have ''present considerations.'' The PRESIDENT pro telnpore laid before the Senate a communication Mr. MORRILL. I will say to my colleague that this bill pasied the from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a statement of the ex­ House yesterday with some urgency, because there are some $40,000, I pendituresonnccountoftheCoastand Geodetic Survey forthe fiscal year understand, of imported goods that unless the bill passes will be sub­ ending June 30, 1882; which was referred to the Committee on Commerce, ject to a duty from which we relieved them at the last session of Con­ a.nd ordered to be printed. gress, but we did not provide for those that might be in warehouse or He also laid before the Senate a communication from the Secretary of on the way when the law took effect, as we usually do. the Interior, transmitting, in answer to a resolution of the 13th instant, Mr. EDA-IUNDS. You can move to take it up to-morrow. I want to cert.'tin information relative to tl{e Cherokee Nation of Indians; which, on _look at it. It is not fhir play to consider bills on the day they are re­ motion of Mr. VooRHEES, was referred to the Committee on Appropria­ ported. tions, and ordered to be printed. Mr. MORRILL. Very well. The PRESIDENT pro te1npore. The bill is objected to and it goes PETITIONS AI\"D l.I.EliORI.A.LS. over. It will be placed on the Calendar. Mr. INGALLS presented a. petition of dtizens of Franklin County, :MI. ALDRICH, from the Committee on Finance, to whom was re­ Kansas, praying for an increase in the rate of pension allowed to certain ferred the bill (H. R. 2911) for the relief of the German National Bank soldiers suffe~g under specific dis.'tbilities; which was referred to the of Louisville, Kentucky, reported it without amendment. · Committee on Pensions. FREEDMAN'S SAVINGS AND TRUST CO~IPANY. He also presented a petition of citizens of the Distnct of Columbia, Mr. ANTHONY. The Committee on Printing, to which was re­ prv.ying for the passage of a. joint resolution providing that all citizens ferred a resolution to print the second annualreportofthecommissioner a.llowed damages by the experts of t.he board of audit shall have issued of the Freedman's Savings and Trust Company, and that 500 additional to them by the auditor of the District of Columbia certificates for the copies be printed for the' use of the commissioner, have directed me to amount of such allowance ; which was referred to the Committee on the report it without amendment and recommend its passage. It will cost Distiict of Columbia. about $60. I ask for the present consideration of the resolution. Mr. CAMERON, of Pennsylvania, presented resolutions of the Cham­ The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to, ber of Commerce of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in favor of the necessary as follows: additional appropriations for the completion of the public building in .Resolved, That the second annual report of the commissioner of the Freed­ tha.t city; which were referred to the Committee on Public Buildings and man's Savings a.nd Trust Company be printed, Nld that 500 additional copies be Grounds. printed for the use of the commissioner. 1\fr. BLAIR. I pre ent a memorial of the National Educational As­ BONDED PERIOD FOR DISTILLED SPIRITS. sociation, which is as follows: Mr. 11IORRILL. I am directed by the Committee on Finance to BOSTON, December 6, 1882. make a motion in regard to the bill (H. R. 5656) to amend the laws MY DEA.R. Sm: At the twenty-first annunJ. meeting of the National Educational Association, held at Saratoga Springs, July 12, 1882, the following resolution was relating to the entry of distilled spirits in distillery and bonded ware­ unanimously adopted by a. rising vote: houses, and the withdrawal of the same therefrom; which was post­ Resol~J Thn.t in the opinion of this association it is the duty of the Congress of poned at the last session indefinitely, and a motion entered to recon­ the Unitea Stdtes t-o make a.libeml appropriation from the national Treasury for the support of schoolS in the Stntes on the bllSis of illiteracy. sider by the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. GARLAND]. I am requested The above resolution was adopted without n. dissenting vote by nearly 1,000 to ask that the vote by which the bill was indefinitely postponed may educators, representing more tho.n thirty States. It WI\S ordered that a. copy of be reconsidered, and that it be recommitted to the Committee on Fi­ this resolution be sent by the secretary of the MSOcintion to ea.ch member of Congress. nance. WM. E. SHELDON, Mr. GARLAND. The motion to reconsider was made by mysel£ &creJ.a:ry of the National Educational .Association. I suppose that by unturlmous consent the motion to reconsider will be I will simply add that it would be impossible for the educa.tors of the agreed to, and then a motion to recommit will be in order. country to give through any existing organization more emphatic expres­ Mr. EDMUNDS. At what stage was the bill? Was it on its pas­ sion of the universal sentiment among them in favor of national aid to sage when the motion to reconsider was made?

' .352 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECE~IBER 16,

Mr. GARLAND. My motion was tQ reconsider the motion by which tion, _fo_r Is~ a~uredly object tQ it.. V{e can not pOssibly conclude the bill was indefinitely postponed. After the vote was taken I entered the c1vil-semce bill tQ-day, and there lS no reason why we should dis­ the motion to reconsider. pense with the consideration of cases on the Calendar. Let us devote 1\Ir. EDMU~~S. Then the motion to reconsider being agreed to, the time until2 o'clock to it, and then after that take up the civil­ .and the bill referred, that will leave it open. If you merely refer the service bill and discuss it and dispose of it. I hope the Senator will motion to reconsider it will not do you any good. not undertake to set aside the Calendar for the purpose of considering The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the reconsider­ the bill when the bill can not be concluded tQ-day in all probability. -ation of the vote by which the bill was indefinitely postponed? The Mr. HAWLEY. We can come near it, I am sme. We shall como Chair hears none, and the vote is reconsidered. The bill will be recom­ nearer it, at any rate, by taking an extra hour and a half for it. As to mitted, on the motion of the Senator from Vermont, to the Committee the Calendar, I think we have been very generous with that indeed; -on Finance if there be no objection. The Chair hears none, and it is so we have done excellently well, because the morning business now at ordered. this late portion of the Congress is not extensive, and we are usually BILLS IXTllODUCED. ready by 12.20 or 12.25 to proceed under the Anthony rule, aml we have, da,y after day, given an hour and a half's consideration to the Mr. ALDRICH asked and, by unanimous consent7 obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. 2247) tQ provide for ascertaining and settling a cer­ Calendar, when it was contemplated originally that W"e shou1d only tain private land claim in the TerritQfy of Arizona; which was read give about an hour. twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Private Land Claims. We can possibly conclude the civil-service bill to-day; at any rate we Mr. VANCE asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave tQ in­ can make very considerable progress, as we certainly ought to do. The .troduce a bill {S. 2248) tQ refund to the State of North Carolina certain general speeches have been made, so far as I know, and we are now to moneys therein named; which was read twice by its title, and referred come down to the details of discussion on the amendments. Moreover, to t,he Committee on Claims. we are liable to have sprung upon us here by the chairman of the Com­ Mr. CAMERON, of Wisconsin (by request), asked and, by unani­ mittee on Appropriations, in accordance with his duty, several appro­ mous consent, obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. 2219) for the relief priation bills. I msh to press the consideration of the civil-service bill, of William Falls; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the to get it out of the way of those as far a.s possible. Did I understand Committee on Claims. the Senator from ::h-Iissouri to object? :Mr. MITCHELL a~ed and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave The PRESIDE:!\TT pro tenpore. He objects. to introduce a bill (S. 2250) to amend an act entitled "An net to amend Mr. HAWLEY. I move, then, to postpone all previous or conflicting . section 4702, title 57, Revised Statutes of the United States, and for orders and to proceed to the consideration of Senate bill No. 133 . other purposes," approved August 7, 1882; which was read twice by Mr. HARRIS. On that motion I ask for the yeas and nays. its title, and, with the a{!companying letter of the Commissioner of Pen­ 1\fr. DAWES. I hope the Senate will :finish the civil-service bill to­ sions, referred to the Committee on Pensions. day, either by taking sufficient ofthemorninghour or sitting later. I :Mr. CAMERON, of Pennsylvania, asked and, by unanimous consent, think they ought tQ conclude the bill to-day, and I shall feel it my obtained leave to introduce a bill (S. 2251) for the relief James L. Self­ duty on Monday to ask the Senate to consider the Indian appropriation ridge; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee bill. I hope I shall not be obliged to do it to the displacement of the on Finance. bill now the unfinished business. Mr. JOHNSTON asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair suggests to the Senator • to introduce a bill (S. 2252) for the relief of J. Henry Rives; which was from l\fassachusetts that he is not heard. read twice by its title, and 1·eferred to the Committee on Finance. 1\Ir. DAWES. I am very anxious that the Senate should in some Mr. MORGAN asked and, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to way dispo e of the civil-service bill to-day, in ordel' that they can talre . introduce a bill (S. 2253) for the relief ofWeil &Moore, of Montgomery, up the Indian appropriation bill on Monday. · Alabama; which was read twice by its title, and referred tQ the Com­ Mr. VOORHEES. Mr. President, I am a friend of the Calendar. . mitte:e on Claims. We lliwe need enough to be reformed at tk:is period of human history, BANKRUPTCY SYSTKl[. but I hope we shall not aim to be so swift in our .reformation upon small lt'Ir. HOAR. I ask for a formal order. I ask that the substitute or things a to neglect solid and substantial business. ' amendment to the bill (S.138'2f to establish a uniform system of bank­ The Calenda1· is crowded with the resu1t of committee work for the · ruptcy throughout the United States maybe printed, as it was adopted last year and a half. Parties are interested, the public interest is in­ by the Senate, for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary. terested, unless W"e have been wasting our time, in having the Calendar The PRESIDENT pro tempore. That order will be made. disposed of. I intend to stand here in fuvor of its having its time in court until 2 o'clock, unless there is a more screaming need in the land .AMENDMENT TO .A BILL. for the bill in which the Senator from Connecticut takes quite such an Mr. DAWES submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by interest. - him to the sundry civil appropriation bill; which W"as referred to the I do hope simply in the interest of common sense, taking a common- Committee on Indian Affaixs, and ordered to be printed. ense view of the business of the country, that we shall not lay aside REPORTS BY N .AVAL OFFICERS. the Calendar, embracing the work of the last year and a half, for the 1\Ir. LOGAN submitted the following resolution; which was consid­ purpose of pretending to he in S'ivi.ft haste upon this other question. . ered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: "Sufficient unto the {lay is the evil thereof." We can take care of that in its own time. Whereas the Secretary of the Navy has stated in his annual report that under orders from the Navy Department certain naval officers have prepared reports But I do not think there m·e any such abuses in the Govermnent that upon the revenue-marine senice, the Life-8aving Service of the 'I'rt>asury De­ would be healed instantane.ousJy and curecl np without cicatrice or scar partment)... and that another naTal officer has prepared a report upon the 1\Iarine by the civil-service-reform bill as calls for its passage between now and .Hospital ~r..-ice. also of the Treasury Department: Therefore, Bei.t resolved, Thatthe Secretary of the.' avy be requcst~d t~ furnish for the infor­ sundown. There are interest ,however, embodied in the Calendar that mation of the Senate a copy of the order or orders under which t!Je report.s were are of importance to be transacted every moment until they are so prepared, stating the authority of law under which such order or orders were trans..1.cted. For that reason I hope that the motion 'i'.ill be voted down, issued; and also that he inform the Senate whether any of the vessels of the rev­ enue service, the stations of the Life-8aving Service, or the marine hospitals were and tbat W"e shall go on in the orderly procedure of attending to the iuspect~d by any naval officer, and whether in making such inspectiOn andre­ business that we ba>e in hand letting each matter have its turn in ports the naval officers gave any opportunity for the officers in charge of uch order. First, the right of precedence and the right of way b0longs to ve.ssels, stations, or hospitals, to make any statement or remark, and whether the Treasury Department gave consent thatthe services under its control should the Calendar, because it ha been the ubject of the most work, the be inspected and reported upon by naval officers. most care, the most consideration, and is the ru1e besides, as my honor­ 1\IESSAGE FR0::\1 THE ll01JSE. able friend fi·om Tennessee [Mr. HAIDns] suggests. The PRESID.El.~'l' pro The ~enator from Connecticut moves A message from the House of Representatives, by Ur. McPnEB o:x-, tempore. its Clerk, announced that the House had passed the bill (S. 506) author­ that the pending order be postponed tmtil to-morrow, which is Monday, . izing the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home to sell certain upon which motion the yea and nays ha'e been called for . property at Harrodsburgh, Kentucky, belonging to the Soldiers' Home. Mr. HARRIS. I will not call for them now; I will wait and see. The PRESIDENT P't'O tempore. Senators in fuvor of postponing the ORDER OF EUSINESS. pending order, which is the Calendar, will My "ay; ' those of a con­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there further moming business? trary opinion "no" [putting the question] . .The noes seem to have it.. [A pause.] The Chair hearing no response, the morning hour is closed. Mr. ED)IUNDS. I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. COCKRELL. The Calendar, Mr. President. The yeas and nays were ordered. :Mr. HAWLEY. In accordance with the notice I gave yesterday, I Mr. INGALLCS. Before \oting on this proposition, I should like t. - a.sk unanimous consent to proceed immediately with the consideration inquire of the Senator in charge of the bill w.hether it is designed to ask of the bill (S. 133) to regulate :md improve the civil service of the its friends to sit it out to a conclusion to-day? United States. Mr. HAWLEY. The Senator from Ohio (Mr. PENDLETON] is in Mr. SHERMAN. Does the SenatQr propose to close it out to-day? charge of the bill directly. I am chairman of the committee; that is all. Mr. HAWLEY. We propose to do the best we can. I do not wish Mr. PENDLETON. As suggested by the chairman of thecpmmittee - to say that we shall; I do not wish tQ apply an iron ru1e; but the desire which reported the bill, and with my entire concurrence, there will 8e _is to conclude the bill to-day. no attempt, as Rt,oainst the general convenience and pleasure of the Sen­ Mr. COCKRELL. I hope the Senator will not insist on that mo- ate, to ask that the bill be brought tQ a conclusion tQ-day. We only 1882. OONGRESSIONi\.!J· RECORD·-SENATE. 353'

ask that it shall be fairly cons~dered1 and the prosecution of it .contin:ned ABSENT-20. until a..~, fair. .hour ofaOjOw:nment, and then if we can not dis- .Aldrich, . Ferry, mu; Mahone, pose of it ::m.adjourmnent may take . T~lace. 'camden, Gro<>me, JacksOn, Sawyer, ¥ .Chilcott, Hale Jones of·Nevada, Sewell,· Mr. EDMUN~S. .- Why .not.finish it· to;-4ay? _ . . . . ·Fair, . Ha.mpton, Kellogg, VanWyck, Mr. PENDLETON.. We shall finish it if we can, b~t we·qo not pro- Farley, Hanison; McPherson, Williams. pose to :finish it at the expense of the con>enience of the. Senate. · So the motion was agreed to. Mr. INGALLS. .It is obvious, .then, .if·t}\at is the temper . o~ those THE CIVIL SERVICE. who.have the bill in charge,.that the debatewillprobablygo over until Monday, on which day the Senator from Massachusetts has given notice . , The . P~ESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Connecticut [Mr: that he shall mov-e..to displace it for the consideration o~ t)le Indian ap- '14WLEY] now moves to take up the unfinished business of yesterday, prepriation bill, which has already been reported, and which, 1mderthe being Senate bill No. 133. ·· unbroken usage of the Senate, hai the right of way. The motion was .agreed to; and the Senate; as in Committee of the I would.suggest, therefore,. as a means offucilitating the public busi- Whole, resumed the consideration of the bUl (S. 133) to regulate and 1 ness, as ~here will undoubtedly be no debate.about the· Indian appro- 1mpro:ve t1;u:~ civil service of the United' States. priation bill, whether it would not be wise for the Se~tQr from Masea- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The pending question is on the chusetts to ask that that.bill be taken up now and considered, in order .amendment of the Senator from Iowa [Mr. .ALLISON].. . t~t it maybeactedonpromptlyandgotoacommitteeof conference, ;for Mr. ALLISON. I ask unanimous;con&ent, if that be necessmy, to the purpose of being finally disposed o£ bef9re the holidays come on. modify my amendment ·SO as to strike out in the first line the words The House of Re~entatives have given us au e~mple of diligence. "is authorized" and insert "shall." Four appropriation ]?ills have been passed.by that body, and.the fifth - The PRESIDE~T pro temp()1'e. If there be no objection that modi- is under consideration, well-nigh, I am advised, toward, _a conclusion. cation will·be made. - Nearly two weeks of this session have elapsed and no. such bill has' been .:Mr. PENDLETON; . I have p.ot .the aniendment before.me at this passed by the Senate. , . . moment; but, ifl lUlderstand its provisions, it is that instead of.five It ap~ to·me that the. reformation of the civil. seryice would be .commissioners th~re ~h,aU be three; and that instead of holding for the better aecomp1ished. by the Senate .attending. to ·it& appropriate busi- .ordinary term they sh~ hold: for specmc periods; that is to say, 'two, ' ness than by discmsing in this diffuse.waysome method 'With regard to Tour, and six years;. ru,.d.at the first organization of-the board they shall the distribution of clerical appointments, no one of which is now in the determine by tot that the term of one shall expire in two years, and slightest.danger of.. being distnThed. , one in four, _and, one in six. · .. I should like very mucht if .the _.Senator ,from Massacllusetts would · The provision of the bill is that there shall be.:five commissmners, move to take up the Indian appropriation bill now, and if he will make· not '!UOre than three of whom shall be of the.same political party, ~d the motion I shall support. him. . . . .·. . two ofth.em shall be.persons already in the civil service in-the Depart.- Mr. HAWLEY. I think the pending .bill is . emin~ntly the appro- · ments at.Washington;.::md ifthey.shallleavethe Departments or cease priate business of .the Senate. Of .course it is lUlderstood that it shall to r~ide in Wash.i,ngton they shall vacate. their offices. give way to an appropriation bill . wh~never it · is ~ deeni~ _ necesSa.ry; but, Now, while I do not consider' the amendment offered by the Senator as the Senator himself says, the Indian appropriation. pill is not one from Iowa as interfering essentially with the machinery provided in the likely to give rise to any discussion. There, is no: danger of an extra bill, I thi~k tl;le ~achinery provided is much better-than that.:which he session being called-next March by reason of it. It~ J>e taken up on seeks to introdu~. .A commission of five persons, two of whom shall ~~n~y or Tu~y or. any other. day; ~d be disposed qf i.J;l all proba-. reside here and three.of whom shall not be in the service oth.erwise of the bility m a. very bnef time. I do not think .we want anybody to sup- Government, seems to me to be a better body of meR to determine the pose that we are exceedingly virtuous by the dispositi~n of an-app:l,'o- question that the bill remits to them than if you take them entirely priation bill in a few moments which .has in it no element of debate from classes not in the.employ of the Gov~rnment, persons fresh to this whatever. I must adhere to my motion. business, pen;ons who ha>e not the experience which isnecessary to en- The PRESIDENT pro tempqre. The question is on the motion to post- able them to give the advice to the commission which I think the com­ pone the present order until to-morrow, on which the yeas and nays mission ought to have. have been ordered. .Ai3 a matter, then, advancing the commission in experience and intel- Thequestion being taken by yeas and nays, resulted-yeas 30, naYS 26. ligence and fitness for .the work that is before them, I think the larger Mr. HAWLEY. Now 1 move to take up Senat~ bill No. 133. commission, including two persons of experience in the civil service of Mr. GEORGE. Iwishtochangemy>ote. Iunderstood.theeffectof the Government, would be better. the motion was directly the reverse of what it really was. I voted under There is another reason. If two of these commissioners are residents a misapprehension. of the city of Washington by reason.of their ,official position, there will The PRESIDENT pro tempm·e. The motion was to postpone the' Cal- be here almost always w~en the commissioners shall be called a quorum. endar with the view of taking ,up the civil-~rri.ce bill. Three will constitute a quorum if there be.:five. Two of them, residing 11Ir. GEORGE. Then I desire to change my vote and vote yea on that here in an official capacity, will aJ.most always be upon the g:r:ound. The proposition. addition·, then, of one other commissioner will .give a qu6rum to this The PRESIDENT pro tempore. After the result has been announced body. and enable them to proceed with the tJ:ansaction of business. It a change can_ not be maill, but !repeat, as I said before, •The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection: to. the Senator from ;r consider it is merely a part of the machinery provided, which does not Mississippi ~hanging his vote on the motion just taken? There is none .go to the integrity of t.he sch~me which the bill provides for. . - and it is allowed. The change. will be· made. . . ' .1\:[r. HOAR. I move to amend the amendment of the Senator from The change being made, the result of the vote w~yeas 31, nays 25; Iowa by striking out so much of it as includes the tenure of office, two, as follows: · four, and six years. YEAS-3L · The PRESIDENT pro temp()1'e . . The question is on the alilendm~ c:>i the Senator from Massachusetts to the amendment of the Senator Allison, Da..wes, ~pham, Pendleton, Anthony, Edmunds,. Platt, from Iowa. Ea. yard, ~e, . Mc'fWii, . Rollins, Mr. . ~LISON:. . Let_us see how my amendment would read then. "Blair, McMillan, Saunders, ·Butler, Ha.wre;. Miller of Cal. Sherm.ll.n, The. ACTING SECREI'ARY. The amendment of the Senator from Iowa Oan;teron of Pa., Hoar, Miller-ofN. Y., Walker~ reads: Cameron of Wis., Jones of Florida, Mitchell, Win~m. Conger, Lamar, ·Morrill, . Said commissioners ~ball, when appointed, hold respectively for two, four, and BlX years, t<> be determmed by lotamongthemselYes, and shall be commissioned XAYs-25. accordingly. DavisofW. Va., Jonas, · Slater, - ~:w, Garla.nd, Maxey, Vance, The amendment to the a.,mendment .is .to strike out these words. Bro~n, Gorman, Morgan. Vest, Mr. ALLISON. .· )3efore ~t motion is put I desire to ask the Senator Call, .Grover,. Plumb, Voorhees. Coey:rell, Hs,rris, PUgh . from Massachusetts.what is the. imm~te object he has in.lea'ring this Coke, Ingalls, ~m, matt(IT entirely ppe.n? .As I understood the position of Sena.tors.here Dn.vis oflll., Johnston, Saulsbury, yesterday, it is claimed that the President has the- power of remqval at XIV--23 ( OONGRESStONAL REOOR:O-' .S])NATE ·. DECEMBER 16,.

any time, notwithstanding there is a term. If that be true, the matter and if they have a fixed term their responsibility is tO the appointing: of a term is not important in the view taken by the Senators on the power, that appointing power being under this bill lodged in the Pres­ other side and by the Senator from ltfassachusetts; but it seems to me ident, with the advice and consent of the Senate, the Senator says he that it will give this commission more stability if we shall fix and pro­ used that as an illustration, and that I am hypercritical. vide for some term, and therefore I think the amendment I suggested, Mr. INGALLS. I want·the Senator to observe the distinction Yery providing for a term, is better than to leave the whole matter open for clearly. I said hypercritical. I did not say hypocritical. a new President, to come in two years from now, to make a complete Mr. HOAR. I understand the Senator did not say that. cllange in this commission. Mr. INGALLS. Whatever may have been my opinion., I did not say· .Mr. HOAR. I do not suppose a new President would make a change that. in this commission if it was properly established, but I think fixing a Mr. HOAR. I did not say the Senator did, and the pouring a little term supposes a change at the end of the term. Of course a President vitriol does not add to the Senator's argument, in my judgment. That may determine to attack the whole scheme of this bill; he can do so if is my opinion. be shall see fit. If a President is determined to make a partisan civil Now, J.Ir. President, it seems to me as a general rule we have made a ,service it is \ery easy for him to do it under the Constitution of the mist.ake in the establishment of terms of office for fom years in the United States. All that this bill can do is to lend the support of leg­ Executive Departments. I think the whole theory so far as it has been. .isln.tion, and all that this movement can do is to lend the support of adopted is wrong. It has not gone very far. But ia regard to certain public opinion to a willing President. great offices of the state it is proper; in regard to a large number of' l'rlr. COCKRELL. I did not understand that sentence.· I hope the others it seems to me improper. It does not increase the responsibility Senator v.ill repeat it. of the office-holder to anybody. On the other hand, it causes a provoc­ 1\II". HOAJ{. I say that this bill lends the support of legislation and ative; if a partisan President desires to make a partisan change in this the mo\ement lends the support of public opinion to a willing Presi­ commission, he will be provoked to do it by causing the term of the dent, and thatan unwilling and fraudulent President can defeatit, as he officer to expire when he would not do it in the tare of public opinion , can defeat almo. t any wholesome legal regulation of the country. · by a xemoval; when, under the theory which the majorit~ of the Senate· ltir. INGALLS. Mr. President, what good rca on can be assigned have acted upon, he cannot doitbyremoval without the consent of the by the Senator from Uassachusetts, or anybody else, why these com­ Senate. So it is an increaseoftheindependenceofparty in these offices, missioners should not have fixed terms of office? Is it not the theory to leave the bill as it was originally matured in that r pect, in my of om form of government that all civil officials shall have fixed terms, opinion. so fur as they have terms at all; and is not. the doctrine of direct re­ Mr. INGALLS. Mr. President, I understa.nd thatthetheoryofthis. sponsibility to the people on the part of all officiaL'3 an essential doc­ bill is that removals shallnot bemade except forcause. It is designed ,I trine of the American system? And what reason can be advanced why to prevent removals by Executive intervention either ";th 1·eg:ll'd to these officials, who are to have practical control of the entire ciru ervice these commissioners or to any persons who may be admitted to office­ of this Government under the grade of those officers who are appo,inted under the system that is here sought to be establi'3hed; and I will re- by the PreSident and confirmed by the Senate, should not be responsi­ pectfully ask the Senator from ~chusetts if that i'3 not hi rmder­ ble to the people like other officials? standing about the intention of this bill, that rerno,als ball not be made· , The Constitution prescribes that the President shall have a fixed except for cause, that they shall not be made arbitrarily? Well, now term, that Senators shall h..we a fixed term, that members of the House we are met by the assertion ofthe Senator from Massachusetts that. the of Representatives shall have a fixed term; and it is proposed ip. this power of removal is absolute, that the President has the power not only new gospel of civil-seiTice reform that this doctrine of dixec.t responsi­ to remove these commissioners for partisan reasons, or for any other rea­ bility to the people shall be abandoned and that we shall set up an in­ sons, but that that power extends to every officer who is appointed by dependent autocracy that shall do as it pleases, subject only to the the President, subordinate or otherwise, whose appointment has not. arbitrary power of removal by the President of the United States. been committed by Congress to the head of a Department. One fatal defect about the system that has been advanced bythecom­ Mr. HOAR. Will the Senator from Kansas, or any other Senator,. mittee, in my judgment, is the failure to declare that the persons to be maintain that the power of removal is in the lea t diminished by the appointed shall serve for a fixed term. I refer to those in the civil serv­ establishment of this commiBsion? ice whose entrance therein is to be secured by competitive examination. Mr. L.~GALLS. No, it is not; but this bill appears to be supportedi. It is alleged that experience is of great value to the Govel'lliilent and by each pal'ty for the pliTpOse of cheating the other. It is sustained by that the longer these clerks remain in office the better sernce they can one party upon grounds that are absolutely adverse to tho e on which perform. That is true in every branch of the public serrice. A Presi­ it i~ supported by the other, and it will end by defrauding both. dent by experience is better qualified to sen·e the Republic; a Senator Now, .1\lr. President, the Senator from Massachusetts makes the m-gu­ is better qualified by experience to· serve the Republic; the same may ment in response to my question, and in support of his amendment, be said of members of the House of Representati\es, of those who xep­ that it is not necessary to insert a definition of the term of office because· resent the Government in the foreign and diplomatic service; and yet the power of absolute removal exists independent of the definition of a this class of appointees is to be exempt from what has always been rec­ fixed term. If that is tb.e declaration of the friends of this bill, what; ognized as a salutary and wholesome provision of the American system, will be th~ interpretation of its enemies? that appointments and elections shall be for a fixed term, to the end I believe in some just measure of civil-senice reform. I do not want. that men may not become intrenched in prerogative and so formidably to juggle on this subject. I desire. that the Senate shall say affirlll&­ Burrounded by privilege that they can at their will disr(\,o-ard their du­ tively one way or the other what it means on this question, and what ties and neglect to discharge the functions that they are called upon to its object is, and what ibr purpose is; and if the Senator from Massa­ . ~wrm. · chusetts and the other advocates of this measure can give no better­ I hope, ·sir, that the amendment offered by the Senator from Massa­ ground for its support than those that have been advanced, it is not sat­ clmsetts will not prevail, that this commission will be limited to a dis­ isfactory to me, and I am not a very ardent apostle of civil-service re­ tinct and definite term of office, and that they. shall be held to the form. But I do not want to indulge in cant on this measure; I do not. American doctrine of direct responsibility to the people, like all other desire to play the hypocrite on it; I do not want to pretend to theroun-· ()fficials. try that I am doing the thing that I say under my breath I know I am Mr. HOAR. Mr. President, it is \ery difficult to see how there is any not doing. And unless we are to have a system that shall say affirm­ direct responsibility to the people under a fixed term of office. atively that we are in favor of the appointment of this commission for­ Mr. INGALLS. The theory of om system is that when a man is a specified term, and notify the President of the United States, whether­ elected or appointed he shall abandon his functions at the end of a cer­ Democrat or Republican, that we do not intend they shall be removed tain term to receive the verdict either of the people or of the appoint­ until the expiration of that term except for cause, and unless we can, ing power as to whether he has discharged his duties well and is fit to say also that appointments are to be made under this bill, not for the· .fill'the place again. pliTpOse of preventing political interference, but with the direct under­ Mr. HOAR. I was speaking of the point that the Senator made, not standing on the part of everybody that the appointees can not be re­ the one that he did not make. moved ~vhe:Qever heads of Departments please, the measure will not. .Mr. INGALLS. I used that asanillustration. '!'he Senator is \"ery satisfy the country. It is a juggle, and I hope that those who support hypercritical. this measure will say affirmatively and incorpomte in this bill affirmar­ .Mr. HOAR. No, Sir. Because if I were hypercritical I should object ti\ely whether they intend that the power of removal so far as Con­ to the rourse the Senator is now giving to the· discussion. Not being gress is concerned shall be denied or whether it shall continue to exist. hypercritical I do not. There is plenty of opportunity for criticism. I admit of course that we can not deprive the President of his constitu­ Mr. President, the Senator from Kansas attacked the amendment on tional function, but we at least can be honest enough and j ust enough the ground that it interfered with the great American principle of di­ to say what our purpose is in passing a measure of civil- ervicc reform. rect responsibility to the people. '!'hat is the only argument he made Mr. HAWLEY. l'tir. President, I am not awar~it is the fust time that I heard. Now, on calling the attention of the Senator to the fact I h..we beard anybody say-that there has been any disguise or juggle that there is no direct responsibility to the people on the part of these or false pretense in connection with this bill. Ppon that matter which officers whatever, and that if their term is undetermined they may be seems to so much excite the usually calm and placid Senator from Kansas, removed at any time by the removing power, wherever that power be there has been recently evidence of the utmost clearness. The purpo 0 lodged, whether in the President alone or in the President and Senate, of the promoters of this bill has been to introduce a rcforma tory chang&. I I

: .. 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 355

into the civil service by this initial step in such measure as to meet as devised by gentlemen of both parties; and ifthe Sena~r will do us the few as possible of the popular or legal or constitutional objections. We fuvor to look at report No. 576, which includes the exrunfuations and · believed that we could introduce this change in regard to ten or twelve arguments and evip.ence before the Committee Qn the Civil Service, he thousand of the public servants without at all touching the question of will see the names of some of the leading gentlemen who· favor this limiting the power of the President to appoint or remove. We left measure. I assume no championship of it. I should be very proud if that entirely out of the bill, and we left that exactly as it is now in the it could be written in my obituary that I originated a great reform and public service. We have made no pretension on one side or the other. carried it through; but I have had a very small part in it individually, Mr. INGALLS. .Will the Senator from Connecticut, as I want in­ but I adopt it with all my soul in its essential features. It was before formation, advise me not wha.t may be the opinion of those whom he our committee. It isoursforthepurposesoftheSenate. We amended terms the friends of this measure, but what is his own opinion and de­ it; we studied it for months and we approve it, and we believe it i& sign, that these men shall have a life tenure of office or .a fixed term? practicable and sensible and for the good of the country, and we know Mr. HAWLEY. I did not expect of course in making the formal it is not devised with intent to help any one political party, but to pre­ speech of the other day nearly an hour, or the discmsive remarks that serve equally both political parties from the glaring, not to say disgust­ I made occupying nearly an hour, that Senators would pay attention, ing, evils of the present condition of the service. because having once made up their minds on a bill it is very seldom that Mr. VOORHEES. ~Ir. President, when this bill :firstcamebeforethe all of them listen to all the remarks that anybody says, especially one Senate I hoped there would be found in it a cure for many of the con­ like myself; bttt I set forth my personal views of the matter~ clearly fessed evils of the civil service of this country. A stranger observing as my limited command of the English language would pernnt. They the proceedings of the Senate for the last few days would suppose-that a. were my personal views only; but the personal views of the committee measure of great importance, far-reaching in its consequences, thorough do not enter into this bill. 'Ve leave the question of appointments and in its reformatory processes, was under discussion. It was a surprise.y removals precisely where it is now, and we distinctly avow it our purpose therefore, to me when on eXamining it thoroughly and carefullyifuund to provide an admirable system for admissions to the public service, leav­ how trifling and how narrow was its scope. - ing them then thereafter to take care of themselves. We said we would There are in this country over 100,000 FedeJ:al offices. · They 'are now guard the gate so that none but good men could get in, and that they entirely filled, substantially and practically, by members of the Re~ub­ should be duly promoted thereafter. lican party. In the speech of the accomplished Senator fro~ Ohio Ll\lr. Now, the Senator says that the intent of the bill is to prevent remov­ PENDLETOX] a few days ago he makes the following statement:· als. No, sir. The intent of the bill is, you may say, to take away mo.. The bill simply applies to the Executive Departments of the Gov~rnment here tive and temptation for unwise removals, removals based upon personal ip Washington and to those offices throughout the country, post-offices and cus­ tom-houses, which employ mor6 than fifty persons. I am tola, n.nd I am sure or party reasons. I said for myself in the preliminary remarks I made that I am not far out of the way, if I am not exactly a-ccurate, that the number that I believed entirely in holding the executive chiefS responsible and of such offices does not exceed thirty or perhaps thirty-five, and that the number in giving them power, and I should serve the public very unwillingly of persons who are employed in them, together with those in the Departments. in command, so to speak, of one hundred subordinates not one of whom here, will not exceed 10,000. I could remove directly or indirectly. I should never expect to find an Now, let us see how much there is of this proposed rcl'o:rm. The efficient service conducted in that way. a.uth01· of the bill states that it will apply to only 30 or 35 oifice& I will not vote to take away the constitutional power of the President, throughout the entire country, and that the employes of .these offices, because I can not do it, because it would be unwise to do it, and be­ all told, number about 10,000 persons. If it applied to the whole force cause I do not desire to do it. I say for )DYSelf that the President, re­ of 10,000 it would be a very sparing reform. · But inaSJp.uch as the bill sponsible to public opinion and to the general laws, must 1·emove any limits its reformatory principles to applicants for only the lowest grade · . man whenever he thinks it his duty to do so. If he removes unwisely, of office in the Departments where they seek employment, it is very dli::- ... entirely for low, personal, or paJty reasons, he is either impeachable in :ficult for me to find the correct proportion of 10,000 that would be open '· ' the high court of impeachment or before the court of public opinion. and subject to its operations. The statement of the Senator from Ohi() But I will not relieve him from responsibility by saying that I fix a is that 10,000 employes in about 30 or 35 offices of the country are sub­ tenn and that that subordinate shall not be removed under four or six ject to the provisions of this bill! But in making appliCations for of­ years, however negligent, unfaithful, or insolent he may be. fice even that 10,000 can only apply for the lowest grade in seeking to For myself, then, I say distinctly-and not that it is in the bill or that enter the service. I do not know whether that would make 3,000 any of us have tried to put it in the bill-that the executive chiefS of or 5,000 or 7;000 3JD.enable to the provisions of this bill. Certainly higher or lower grade should have a certain power of dismissal over th~re can be no more than the 10,000 thus spoken of. their men at any time, and we can not have a decent public service Le.ss than one-tenth, then, of the civil-service employes of the Govern­ without it. ment, and perhaps not more than half of one-tenth, are subject to the Iforebeartomakeanythingin thenatureofextendedremarksconcern­ provisions of this bill over which we are making so much noise and con· ingtheverypetulantandexceedinglyoffensiveobservationsofthegentle­ tention. To my mind it is the oldplayoveragainof'' Much Ado About man fromKansas-<>r the Senator from Kansas at least; but he did say Nothing." On the opposite side of the Ch~mber we see a death-bed that this was a bill de~oned by each party to cheat and defraud the repentance for sins, not because they hate the sins they have committed, other; that he does not want to juggle and he does not want to indulge but because the prospect grows 'dim that they will get a. chance in the­ ·in cant. I said it was offensive, sir, as everybody perceives. He is not future to commit the same sins again. On this side of the Chamber it, justified in it by anything within his knowledge, by anything upon looks as if we were administering to the wants of that death-bed scene­ the record, by any shadow of evidence. The supporters of this bill with a soothing decoction of esthetic political gruel suitable for such~ are his equals in honor, his equa1s in devotion to the public service. sad occasion. Sir, I propose to take a common-sense view of this sub- I commend him, I advise him, I take the liberty of advising him, to ject. . keep such remarks for some place outside of this Chamber. Of100,000 employ:esofthe Government, 90,000ofthe higher grades;. !1r. INGALLS. Mr. President, this bill that i"' before the Senate is those of importance, -those of power for good or evil, are left untouched not devised by either political party in this Senate; it was sent here by except so far as this bill is intended to keep them in office, and oftliat a self-constituted .commission of exceedingly holy and wise and upright I will speak directly. men outside of this Senate, and has been practically.accepted byacom­ It is alleged here by genid.emen in favor of this kind of civil-service mittoo of this body. It does not represent the sentiment of either of reform that the people have been calling aloud for a measure of this. the political parties in this body. I know what I am talking about, kind. Calling aloud for a measure of this kind ! Will anybody telli sir; and when the Senator from Connecticut assumes the attitude of the me, will the mot zealous advocate of this bill tell me where and'when apostle of civil-service reform I say to him that in this measure he is he has heard of any official scandal or any fraud in the civil service of playing at second-band. This measure was not devised by the Senator this Government growing out of the lower grades of clerical. life? Have­ from Connecticut; this measure was not devised by the Committee on the fourth-grade clerks been engaged in star-route transactions? Have­ Civil Service in this body. I knowwhodrew upthis bill; I 1.--nowwho they, been in post-traderships, whisky rings, ahd ·Credit ·Mobilier·?· sent it here, and.! know the motives and the incentives that are being used Have they plundered the revenues of this Government? · to pass it. It does not do to .assume that this measUl'e is the invention, I repeat here in the hearing of the Senate that this bill proposes. to, or th.:

,ject; there is 'nir~putar rd-eniaftd ·rot such ameaaure as this. I Will cause in· his reporth~ say~we ' shalltmvethese trained official m every tell you. what thenl" is a'p61Sular'demand for:-fot penal laws' with which departmettt' veep, raiSing fund~ dentials elections from our hands, continually and forever in office. with ~hich to c:IebatJ.ch v_ot~r:', oofr"!lpt t_lie b~¥ot-b0x, and pollute the I wo~d, indeed1 diSarm them; _I would ~ganize th~ ; I >wo~d ut I would -do It by mustermg them ill' comparues The featUres of tne bill now before -us hllve never been thought of as a and in b~oades, and ordering them to lay down their arms, 'faee abbut, measure of 'reform by any intelligent constituency. and march out 'of the public service. I would muster them out with I repeat, fori intend· this. point shall stay unieS8 it iS ·refuted on the here and there an honorable exception, as there are exceptions to all tloor of the Senate, th~t tliis biU: doeS not :reach in its proposed exatni- general rules. I nm nl;)t 1Villing to tender them amnesty for the past nations the half of ten thousand people, ·and tho.Se the utterly powerless and impunity for the future. I 'Will not ask them to cease their wtu-­ and the lowest of -all who seek, to enter our public service. Under no fare on me and mine by giving them all thepublicofficesas longa3they possible ci:rct:tiOsta.p.ces can ·such <:>fficials endanger the public· interests, want to stay in them. and yet Senators stand·here and speak as if by this bill they were do- . I will ne>t barter with them on any such terms. I will nottni.de with ing something tO :pUrifY the atraos~hete and-cleanse the Augean stables. them by Tirtue of this bill as a band of trained office-"holdel'S·6t as a dis­ A physician·might -as well seek -tO cure the yellow fever ·by paling a ciplinedpoliticalarmywho-robthepeopleofthe:irrights; Hvilldo"noth­ man's fiilger-n.ails as· for us ·to expect tO ptevent the corruptions which ing of this kind in order to keep them from striking me on the politiCal we have seen stalk abroad by . da~ght and in the night-time in this battle-field. It ;is not my mode of_warfare. Government bf ~~~sure Jfke this. . . ,. . . Sir, these sta!-ement, of the Senaf?r fr?m _0hio in ~ repbit_ and in I suppose this bill 'is to pass, but I do not mtend It shall deceive the his speech are ill perfect hannony"With his bill. The bill proVIdes; as country jf I can·hMp :it. I want the people to lmoiv exa-(!t-ly what it I have already said, for competitive examinations to tne lowest grades . is, how fur it ~es·, · and 'how·short it stops, and to whom it 'applies. . I of office; and when it comes to promotions the·section-of th~ bill"on wish gentlemen whim tney face 'their cOnstituents to meet an issu.e fuirly that subject provides that they shall take plaee by "COmpetitive ·e:xami­ runders~. ~ ' lill&-e- ~~ ~no 'popular imptession ·abroad that some pation ani011g the household of faith, those thatarein. They shut-the great-work ha!rbben aooomplished··in taking strt>ng criminals by the· doors and examine among themselves; no fresh ma.terialca:ncomefiom th:toat. I in~nd · tn.e tact tO ~ be kh~wn that this~ a-D1ere .dip-netfo:r outside; no new people~ come in; the bill lets in only lihe trained miimows~ and b.ot~ ht.trpoo-n.·or bbok fdr t:li~ whalas or the sharks or,the bands of officials. · That is this bill in·regard to all the offices above the large rnvenons fish. tliat swim in the dark seas of political corruption- fourth and lowest grade. \ nothing of the kind. 1\Ir. President, this report is like everything that emanat-es from the The Senate was engaged a few Diinutes ago in dis-cussing whether it Senator from Ohio, cultivated in its style and logical; but at 'the Sam.e was the design of this bill titat 'tnose now inoffice should remain. The time it is a "\""ery extraordinary document. There is a ·wail in it tbat =senatOr frOm Kansas [Mr/ I:fmALLS} struck the key-note on that point. solihds strangely to my ears. There is in it a loud voice of complaint. Eut for the fa'ct ''tnat such"is itS design· it would not receive the solid, It "\vould seem from: this reporttha~enry man ought to run aWa.yfrom -eager support of·the ·opposite 'side of the Chamber,· and well Senators public life, that bo 'one ought tQ desire t6 be a Senator ot' a'l\fember of know that fuct. Nor is this 'Side of the Chamber ignorant on that Congress; certainly not- President ofthe United States. It would seem point. that 'Y"e were reduced-to a frightful peril upon this' subject. The remedy In this oonhoction ])8rmit me to call the attention of the Senate to proposed -is that from :fi.ve .tO ten tho'!83nd people seeking the lowest the report ID.Me ·- upon this bill by the distinguished Senator from Ohio. clerkships, with no chance to see the President, and not as niuch to see He·S:lryB,- in speaking of itS benefits, if it should pass, that- their Representatives ·or Senators as they ought to have; are to be in The people w\n feel assured that whatever changes may take place in the Fed- some way crippled and pre"t"ented from producing the evils here so .eral administration there will be in·every Department of the Government a body graphically depicted The report 8ajs · -of trained officta1s' who UBdersttind the duties of their places and will perform · · _ . · . >them wUh fidelity and efficiency. The offi1.:e1'8 themselves will come to feel that There has grown up such a perversiOn of the duties of that high offi.ce- --tf:ieir appointment, promotion, nnd tenure of office depend upon fidelity, effi- Speaking of the Presidency- -cle:,.?'~ th t l , k lik IIlO · t"t:. , ~ · _,_? ,• such a prostitution of it to ends unworthy the great idea of its creation, imposing .!..1\roO a 00 ~ e re vmg ..uese OLUGJ.i;W; • burdens so grievous, arld 8o degrading of all the faculties and functions becom- 'The people wUl feel assured that whatever changes- ing its occupant, that a change has already come in the character of the Govern- . . . h . be . ment itself, which, if not corrected, will be permanent and disastrous. Thus That_ IS, whic ~ver party may ill power- ham:r,:ered and beset, the Chief MaglStrate of this nation wears out his tenn and y take place in..:_ the Federal a.dmi?istratio~ ther wil1 be in every Depart- his life in the pettyservi~sofpa:f;y, aners are ~rowde~ e:wh :lieve that at reasonable intervals a change is necessary. I believe that d_ay With th~ever-changm~, but ne.ver-endm~, throng. ;Every Cluefl't~glStmte. •Once in a. while a change from top to bottom crea-tes a purer atmosphere smce the evil has grown to 1 ts present proportiOns, has cr1ed out for deliveran:ce . . and a better ·civil service. I am not in favor of retaining a body of I ha>e heard a- great· many lnore men crying out to get iii the Execu- ::trained officials for an indefinite period, a'nd most likely for life. What tive Mansion than to be delivered from these troubles. [Laughter.] :is- the logical sequence of this bill on this point? That there shall be Physical endurance, even, is taxed &yond ita power . ..a life tenure~ office? Of corirse it i3, for if you desire to keep a body They have generally looked ,healthy, hale, and well-preserved. . of "'trained officials" in office they should be kept there until they die Continues the report- --or have committed some crime. More than one President is believed to have lost his life from this cause. The F.nrther than that, however, what s:1rid the Senator from Ohio in his spectacle exhibited of the Chief":l\Iagistrate of this great nation feeding, like a ~:rv>Pl'h a &w da-us a!!O? He said the passage of this bill will cure an- keeper his flock, the hungry, clamor-Ous, crowding, jostling multitude which r---- "· ~ . daily gathers around the dispenser of patronage, is humiliating to the patriotic ~ther evil This is his language; · citizen interested alone in national progress and grandeur. Ay,. Mr. President but the· next Presidential electio ~l may not have that re- ~mlt, a-nd U will not i:J.ve the result, in my honest conviction, unless we dq two I must have been interested.nearlf all the tllne in national progress t-hings: First, answ'er to the demands which the people ma.ke upon the Demo- and grandeur because I h..·we never seen a President of the United States ..cratic- party, now-in ita condition of probation; and, second. disarm that great engaged as it were in feeding the crowding, jostling, clamorous, and ~lig!s~11i:cials who as disciplined armies go forth. to control the Presidential hungry multitude like a keeper of 'Wild animals. . t f th S to · to dii' th h ~ rth dis Each President, whatever inay be his political asSociations, however strong The b b~oo 0 · e ena r IS arm ose men w o go J.O as - ma.y be his personal characteristics, steps into a current, the force of which ia .-ciplined armies to control Presidential elections. I will read a little constautly incre~Wing. · fUI"ther, l).owever, before I indulge in comment. He says. in speaking I should therefore say beware! Fling away ambition and do not ..:ngain of \he passage of the bill: look toward the White House. "He who enters these portals is lost" I think it will disarm and disorganize and neutralize the trained bands of office- should be put up over the gates of the 1Vhite House. How many Sen­ ~~!!~rs who have ~ted from us, as I hl\>ve sa.id, at least two Presidential eleo- ators, Members of Congress, and other worthy citizens it might affright "The tnl.ined bands of office-holders,,, who, according to the Senator from those grounds I do not know. I leave that to each man's own con­ d'rom Ohio, have robb ·d the people of their rights in two Presidential templa.tion. The report then deals with the effects of office-seeking on .elections I They ha>e wrested from us he says the tesults of two Presi- Congressmen. dential oontests. . He says the passage of this bill will disarm, disor- The malign influenceofpoliti~ldomina.tion ina.ppointmentsto oflicei wide- spread, and reaches out from the President himself to all po sible means ot _ ganiz~, . .and neutrillize them. How? No suggesti?Ii of 'removal, be-" approach to the appointing power. It poisons the very air we breathe. 1882. CONGRESSION:AL ; l{;EQORD~ENATE. 3.57

That is, these. fi:~ns on. all th~ relatiOn- . ships of a Congressman's life, summons k;msJ;up and frie~dship and mteres~ to The Engliflh model is the only good on~ on this subject.. The h~r~ditary m- its aid, and imposes upon him a work which IS ne~er finished and fro.m ~hich terest!;l of tbe king were so interwoven With that of the natl0!1 1 and his person..'l.l there is no. releaw. Ti.nle is consumed, strength IS exhausted, ~e mmd IS ab- , emoluments so great that he was pL'l.ced above th~ <\anger of bemg COIT?Pted from sorbed and the vital forces of the legislator, mental as well as phys1cal, are speJ;J.t abroad o.nd o.t the same time was sufficiently independent and sufficiently con- in the ~ever-ending struggle for offices. trolled 'to answer the purposes of the institution at home. Sir I do not intend to make any personal application of my re~ks There is conclusive evidence also that even John Adams had aban- t<>-day. I have nothing but kindness toward any man connected With doned his faith in the people and in a people's government. , He said; this bill but these Jeremiads, these wailings, seem ·strange to me. The proposition tba.t the people a.re the best keepers .of their own liberties is They so~d as if their author's head had been a fountain of waters, and not true; they are th~ ~orst C?nceivable_; _they are no keepers at all; they ~ yet is ilt not true tha.t every so-called civil-service reform Senator on neither judge, act, think, or Will as a political body. this :floor has himself sought office ever since he was 21 years of age?' There were peculiar reasons in our early history why many able men Come now let us be honest with one another and look each other doubted, the stability of a populi;tr goyernmentl:' in th~ faee.' There is not a Senator here who has ~ot sought office for From the surrender of Cornwallis to the adoption of the Constitution himself before the people, before Legislatures, and everywhere ~Is~ as there was in reality no National Government. Therewasanagreemen~ much as anybody else ever sought office from him. . among the colonies, a confederation; it was a Alll.~;re, a. rope of ~~- This is a. people's govern.ment, a representative government. We Shay's rebellion broke out in Massachusetts~ terP:fil:rl the 1;n.?re til:n!d are sent here by, the people w h,o own this Government. I for one am and conservative minds. The Fre1;1c)I revoll;rtiol). broke fo:nh Witli :;ill It& not ready t() .say the moment i am in pl.'tce that nobody 13hall apl?roach horrors, and the ~eading Federa~ of: tpat peP..od turned to a monarchy­ me. I am not ready to say that the people who. pay the taxes,, till the for refuge fr~m the dangers of. popular !evolutions and excesses. Jeffer­ son do the' work and the voting, shall not have the ear. oftheiT repre- .son almost alone all).ongthegreatpnblic n;lell. of t'l\atd~y:stored and it is offensive to them now to assume the necessity of pro- ion Democratsshouldca.refully guard their steps when_they ;find theiJI­ ~g that they are not kept together by the cohesive power of public selves in collision with t;he views ~d principles ofthose great men. They plUnder. ·of cow:so they. are not.. They a~e weld~ toget;her by the are dead, but their S9uls march on. . . · . power of principle often at a white heat rn fiery times that I have The .American people to-day revere the prrnmples of those two gtgan­ k:.lown. Bntiha.v~ a protest to make: ~n bill sb!illeverpa~ thisb<>?-Y tic apostles of the Democratic party with a devotion :unabated by the­ or any other of which I am a member With my consent which curtails lapse of time. When their principles are forgotten or .abandoned th~, in ~vance by one breadth of a. hair the opportunity of any Democrat and not till then, may the friends of a free and pure government desparr to share in the offices .and honOTs of this Government. Proscribe him of the future. in advance if you will, but I hall vote for nothing of the kind. Se~k Genernl Jackson, like Jefferson, turned h~ opponents out o~ o!Jice; an.d to make it impossible for him to come into_ place and power an~ I.~ I say here that the proposition that a. P~es:Jdent sh~ administer this vote against you. It is not _the mere ques~on of t!Ie ?ffice, but It .IS his Government by and thl'Ough the aid of ~frie~.dly hands, me~ ~pposed rio-ht. It is not the questwn of the spoils, but 1t IS the question of to his policy who will thwart and deceive b.i.JA, put up therr money. e<}uality and dignity for. which I t.aud. against him ~d vote against him, is a chimem of th~ brain nn!lt for If I did not believe that I belonged to a. party in which there was an the councils of sane men. It never has been dop.e.and.1t n,ever: will be. abundance of people, men and women, cap~ble, honest, and.fit to fill all The Whigs in the olden time fiercely arraigned Jackson. f~r his course­ thu offices of this Government, I would leave It. But whether 1tever comes on this subject. yet from this text-book of.the Republican party I read to us to fill the offices or not, I shall not by my yote or voice now or that- _ ever hereafter cast a doubt upon the capacity and :fitness of my own In the Presidential campaign of 1840 Martin Van Buren Wl\8 retired .from the· political friends to assist in the adm:ii;llstration of the Government. Presidency; Ge~e~l ~illi:-'\ID. H. I_Iarriso~~_ of· Ohio, was elected PreSident o.nd I have not desired to look at this question in a merely party sense; John Tyler, ofVrrguua, VIce-President. .!,'low~ yet there is something due to parties and their history in this country. Says this authority- The history of parties on the subject of civii service has been alluded to a change came over the spirit of the dream Qf the Whig .lea..ders respecwg­ in this. debate. It is alwa.ys a good omen to my mind when my oppo- removals and appointments. Henry Clay- nents a.ssail Tho~ Jefferson. He was the wisest m_an, in my j n~~ent, .And more than any Qther man, with his clarion elQquence, he had and the truest exponent of civilandreligiousliberty ever connected with denounced General Jackson's policy of remov:als- the administration of government in the history o~ the ~o~ld, and w he;n was in th~ Senate. Three of their leaders most pronoun~d o.g~ party pro­ the friends oft,his bill feel compelled t() assault hiS prmCiples and his scription 80 called-against removals from~Jfice for partisan opm10ns-were memol"y in supporting it, I am still furthe1· convicted that it is my duty summoned into the Cabinet, Daniel Webster as Secretary Qf State, ThoiiUlSo 1 · -~ · th best 1 d D t • d h ther Ewing as Secretary of the Treasury, ~.d John Bep, o~ Tennes:see, as ~crerory !() OPP?SC It. J \j,Uerson .18 e ea er a emocra ever lla ' w e of War; and their acts are singu l~;tr com,m_entanes upon tbe)r previously ex- ill anment or mode~ times. . . . ? pressed opinions or dogm.u.s respecting appomtments.an_d removals. What then was his course on mvil-ser:nce reform. Whet?- he came Here is a debate between Mr. Buchanan and ':llr. . Cla.y at that time. into power .ill' 1801 he found the offices of the Government mainly filled , B han 'd· - · h did t beli · R bli · titutions. Alexander .a1 r. uc an sai • by those w .o . no. . eve ill epu can IDS . I h The Senator from Kentucky, then, declares that nnder~ the Oonstitution the- Hamilton did not believ~ ill o~ present system of gove~ent. ave :right does not exist, but that in law it does, and. that now, being. in _office he- his correspondence here ill which he declares the English monarchy to would justify hi,s administration for its pro~riptwn, np~ b_.y co~stitutiOnal bu~ be the best form of government in the world. This correspondence- by l~g~Iati':e authority. Had he not,

• 3i8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. DECEMBER 16,

This history continues and says: What an efficient clerk a person would make who could ·properly an­ The guillotine now again began its vengeful work. Hundreds were dismissed swer that question I from office, and denunciation o.nd clamor spread through the count!Y. 5. Nrune the principal ocean streams or currents. Sir, I have read from HenryClayoutofr pect'to thepresent prgani­ 6. What State of tho Union extends from the ln.titude of Boston to th L'l>Litude of Richmond? . • zation of the Senate. I presume that more of Henry Cfay's old Whig 7. Where arc the principal tabl~lands of the globe? ) principles preside over this body than occupy any other chair in it, and if Henry Clay is accepted here by nobody else as authority I beg the If that is not a searching examination for a third-clnss clerkship in Chair to consider it a personal compliment that I read him on this point. the Patent Office I do not know what i'3. Here is another examinati.oa I will next read from another who had a great leadership in his day. for one of the same grade. The applicant is asked to give- The course which n. measure must take to be introduced to Congress, u.nd up- Stephen A. Douglas in his speech in the Senate of June4, 1850, arraign­ po ing it to be >etoed, to become a law of the United State . ing Genenll Taylor's administration, said: The applicant is applying now for a $900 clerkship. The crime consists in slandering the characters of these men and not removing~ them from office. Sir, I make no complaint of their removal. I am willing that :Mr. MAXEY. That is Bunsbyism. when \Vhigs have the administration they shall have their own men in the offices :Mr. VOORHEES. Of course it is a Bunsby examination all the way for which they are responsible- · through. The fellow who wrote that question could not perhaps an­ The1·e was a man tal1..-ing common ~ ense, and not sentimental poli­ swer ·yery correctly whether two and two make four, but h~ is an expert tics- in this kind ofbnsiness. Again: · You may take all the offices-you are welcome to them; make thebes£ use you The kinds of Congressional conclusions 'Yhich are subject to a. veto. can of them while you nre responsible for the faithful performance of their duties, but do not slander better men than yourseh·es. 1\Ir. LAMAR. What is that? Mr. VOORHEE . I willreadittotheSenatorfromM.ississippi [Mr. I say to that side of the Chamber, in the language of Dougla~, yon LAMAR] again: may take all the offices; you may keep them as long as you can, and The kinds of Congressional conclusions which are_subjoot to a veto. when your party ceases to hold its ascendency in this Government, do not expect the Democratic party to become an administrator of public Bring up your young people from Mississippi and Alabama and~ .affairs with the Republican will a.nnexoo. This bill might be prope1·ly where, ha e them put in n. room without memorandum, aid, or con­ styled a bill for the next administration of this GoYernment, if it should versation, and let them answer that question, and they may get a seven be .Democratic, with the will of the Republican party- annexed, tha.t or eight or nine hundred dollar clerkship. Again: party now being on its death-bed ma1..-ing it will and s,eeking to extend The voting power possessed by too presiding officer of each House of Con- its powers beyond the grave. gres. Let us look, howe>er, at one or two other points that present thcm­ I submit that to the Chair. [Laughter.] -sel>es. The report to which I have alluded as aremarkabledocum.ent Again: is indeed so. It reports the testimony of twelve gentlemen who were 3 (a). What part of the territory of the United States was its original territory and by what government was it ceded to the United States? What. accessions examined before the committee. ·who were they? Every one of them have been successively made to it, and what governments ceded them? was a Republican office-holder, with, perhap , two exceptions, who are What parcels of land on the continent, and not within any State, are each a alSo Republicans, and so-called civil-setvice reformers. The testimony part of the territory of the United States? of twelve men is here, setting forth the beauties of this system. I would Will the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. ROLLINS], now near me, have been glad to ha.Ye had the testimony of somebody in whose politr and who is going to vote for the bill, answer that question? ical judgment I had some fuith; but it is not here. Which of these parcels is wholly apart from other territory of the United States; There is a history- upon this subject; and I may as well speak of it the political divisjon which separates it from other United States land; theciril now as at any other time. The history of the so-called ciru-service re­ division of the United States nearest to it; its distance approximately from t.hat. form commenced during the administration of General Grant, ·in 1871. nearest United States civil division? The report says that- A strong intellect might grapple that question for half an hour per­ haps and keep O\l.t of St. Elizabeth, over on the other side of the East Recognizing these evils, President Grant declared in his message of December, 18i(}- I Branch of the Potomac. "That there is no duty which so much embarrasses the Executive nnd heads (b.) In and through which States and Territories do&S the Central Pacific Rail­ of Departments as that of appointment, nor is there any such thankless labor way route from the :ML"SSuri River to the Pn.cific coast pa ? The same infor­ imposed on Senatol'S and Representative as that of finding places. for constitu­ mation respecting the Northern Pacific Railway route from Lake Superior to ents." the Pacific coast. He recommends that something should be done. It occurs to me I refer that to the Senators from the Northwest. Now, Mr. President, that there was a loud call for reformation at that time, ~d that the let us bring our C.'lpacity to bear npon the following: attention of the President ami of Congress might ha>e been lifted a State of each' ofthe underwritten rivers, it.s source, the States and Territories little higher in the official scale than to the small offices of the Depart- through or along which it successively flows, and the body of water into which it emptie : nwnts. . _ The Delaware. But from this suggestion Congress passed an act March 3, 1871, which will is known as section 1753 of the ReTised Statutes. Under that act there That I refer to the Senator from Delaware [Mr. BAYARD). were five persons, called civil..service commissioners, appointed. One of ·The Susqueha.Illll\. them was a gentleman bythe name of Dorman B. Eaton, of New York, That belongs more particularly to my friend from PennSylvania [Mr. .and another, I believe, by the name of Wheeler. At any rate the frag­ CAMERON]. ments of that old comm:L<~Sion are here before this committee, and their The Ohio. testimony is extensively taken. Mr. Dorman B. Eaton starts off by The Mississippi. saying thp.t be will briefly present his view , and l1e d~ SQ in some­ If a clerk can answer all these questions what a good hand he must thing less than forty pages of printed matter. He and Iris associates write, what a good copyis1;4 he will be ! If he can answer them all under the act of 1871 had a brief career in office, Congress having with correctly, it will alsp prove that he is very honest and will not steal, infinite disgust refused to make nppropriations for their salaries. especially as a low-grade clerk has no possible chance. It is important They are hoping, doubtless, from the tenor of their evidence, to be that the applicant should know howtoanswer the following questions.: caJ.led back into the service again. (c.) Name the political divisions which constitute the continent of South Amer­ To show the manner of their work while in office, what rules and ica. regulations they prescribed to test thoroughly the capacity of clerks, I NMne, in the order of theirlgeogmphical position, the countries of Europe which border on t-h€1 oceans and seas from Asia. at the northeast, along the north, will exhibit some of the methods of examination which they resorted 'Yest, and south of Europe, to Asia on the southeast. to. They have paraded their system before the committee, and I find This tuff is submitted in the testimony of these twelve experts on it printed in the report as a guide doubtle...<~S for futme examinations under this bill after it becomes a law. civil-service refol'"m. "When one of the· witnesses was ~sked whether .On page 206 of' the report I find that a competiti>e examination for there had been any change, he ~id not~ Here i a conundrum for a third-class clerk embraces the following important questions, tending statesmen: Fourth. What is the " Monroe doctrine?" Where was it fir t stated, o.nd directly, you will see, to test a man's capacity to copy a deed or a rec­ what provoked its statement? <>rd or to sit the proper number of hours at a desk and do his duty. There is enough in that to give rise to debate for all of this ses ion. It Nnme the four largest islands of the globe. might be cut up into different parts and made subjects for debate in all If there is a SenatOr here who can answer that question off-hand 'I the debating societies from New England to Oregon, and then not be would be glad to hear him. One of the rules and regulations printed answered. It is a question which has been propounded to statesmen here is that the applicant shall have ''no memorandum, publication, or for the last half century or more, and yet remains unanswered. Still e:xte~l aid of any kind, and conversa,tion should be avoided." I am these men, calling themselles civil-service reformers, put such a ques­ reading fi-om the report now before us for our consideration: tion to al>plibant , and expect us to-cry out that it is in the interest of 3. Give approximately the latitude of Wnshington, and approximately the lati­ the public service. I think the public se1'Vice would be fur more ben­ tude of London, England. efited by an examination of the men who propounded the question, in .1 . No memoranda to look at. Ol'der to determine whether they were fit to be at large or not. (. In what direction is Havana, Cuba, from Washington, District of Columbia? What wns the OOCMlon of and the substance of the Missouri compromise? 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 359

The Senator from ~1issouri [Mr. COCKRELL] may respond : believe it will be for the benefit of the service. It will purify it, gire During the administration of Presid~nt Polk what differences arose between new life and new blood by making a thorough and a radical change.. I ·this and foreign governments; what was the position held by each party; what belie>e the good sense and honest judgment of that side of the Chamber the measures taken to settle the controversies; and what the settlements reached? will sustain me in what I say. No party should havepoweraslong (b.) Theca~, great battles and results of the Franco-German war. iVhat are the 1mbject and objects1 of the recent contro·versy between European that party has already held it. No party can exercise its power for the j>owers and Turkey? 1 good of the country that long. Men in place for a long series of years Then they turn to mathematics: become indifferent to criticism, benumbed to a sense of responsibility. Two-thirds of seven-ninths of what number is one-half of eight and two-fifths The experience of all ages shows that long tenure in office promotes -divided by fourteen and seven-tenths less than fourteen and two-sevenths? corruption; that reasonable changes tend to cleanse and purify the Mr. COCKRELL., To be answered with no memorandum? public service. Mr. VOORHEES. Not a thing. This much, 1.1r. President, I have felt impelled to say as a reason A pole 84 feet high, standing in a horizontal plane, being brokenhthe top por­ why I shall vote against this bill It does not accomplish what it pre­ ·tion adheres to the base portion, and falls till its free end strikes t e ground 24 te:rtas, and it is {lesigned to keep in power and place a band of trained feet from the base of the upright portion; require the length of each portion of -the broken pole. officials whom I desire to have displaced by better people. Here is a question which will thoroughly determine the applicant's The PRESIDING OFFICER (1\'lr. GALRAND in the chair). Is the Senate ready for the question on the amendment? :fitness for the p!a.ce: Mr. PLUMB. I move to amend the amelldmentofthe Senator from A man weighing 72 pounds runs with a velocity of 6 against a standing (but :not resisting) man whose weight is 96 pounds. 'Vhat is the result? , Iowa by striking out " 4,500," where that occurs as the rate of com­ pensation, and inserting ' ' $3,000.'' [Laughter.] ' Mr. HAWLEY. Allow me to suggest that the pending question is I suppo e the result would be contusion and some confusion. (Laugh- on the amendent offered by the Senator from Massachusetts. ter.] · The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment of the Senator from Mr. President, if these lower-grade clerks are so much in need of com­ Kansas will not now be in order. The Secretary will report the amend­ petitivo examination I would suggest that competitive examination go ment of the Senator from Massachusetts, which is the pending questioB.. ,a little further and embrace the examiners who propose such assinino - The Ac~G SECRETARY. Beginning with the word ''said,'' in line questions as these, and then go further and examine everybody else. 6, of the substitute propoSed by 1\Ir. ALLISON for sec~on 1, it is moved If anybody wants tills humbug to be continued they can vote for this to strike out down to and including the word ''terms,'' in line 10, as bill; I shall not. !fit is said thaU haveproposednothinginthe inter­ follows: ·est of civil-senice reform, allow me to recall the attention of the Senate Said commission shall, when appoint-ed, hold respectively for two, four, and to a measure which I had the honor to introduce int-o this body at the six years, to be determined by lot among themselves, and shall be commissioned last session. I then propo ed the following amendment to the Consti­ a-ecordingly; but their successors shall hold for six years from the expiration of · tution of the United States: said original terms. ARTICLE-. l\1r. INGALLS. On the adoption of that amendment I ask ~or the All postmasters, revenue collectors, judges, marshals, and United States dis­ :trict attorneys for the district courts of the United States shall be elect-ed by the yeas and nays. people of the States in which theirdutiesare to be performed; and they shall be The yeas and nays were ordered. --elected in such manner as the Legislatures of the States shall provide by law. l\1r. BROWN. I do not know that I shall be in order at this stage That would be a substantial reformation, because we can trust the in making the motion I desire to make. I desire to move to strike out people. It remits a great many offices to the direct choice of the peo­ '' six years'' and to insert '' four years,'' whenever I can do so, in order ple. It would relieve the Executive of more than 50,000 appointments, that the term may be four years instead of six years. and would be a long stride toward a better state of. things. I put my l\1r. PLUMB. There are three classes provided for. That would plan for popular elections against the proposed competitive examina­ require further amendment. tions of fourth-grade clerks. Mr. BROWN. If it is not indispensable I would have two of them Sir, I repeat what I said in the opening of my remarks, that the out­ appointed for four years and one for .two years, and continue it at four -cry on the _subject of civil-service reform has not been as .to those to be years. ::affected by this bill. This bill does not-touch the trouble. 'YJ!en the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Georgia will pleaBe Senator from :Massachusetts [Mr. HoAR) some time ago, standing here repeat to the Secretary what his amendment is. in a case of impeachment, arraigned our civil service in those terrible Mr. BROWN. I propose to strike out "six" and insert "four." I sentences that have become classic, he was not thinking or speaking of do not know in what line, for I have not the amendment before me but >Clerks of low g:pade; he was thinking and speaking of Cabinet officers, where it applies to the term of years. --of men at the heads of bureaus, interna.l-revehue collectors organizing Mr. HAWLEY. It would then l'ead ''for two, four, and four years." whisky rings, judges upon the bench selling justice for money. Those Mr. BROWN. I desire to make the other necessary amendment after­ were the officers that he was speaking of. • ward. When Mr. Schurz, then a member of this body, in a speech at Cin­ 1\Ir. ING~LS. Is not the amendment offered by the Senator from -cinnati which I remember well, spoke of the civil service of this coun­ 1\lassachusetts in the second degree? . try as an overflowing fountain of corruption, he was not speaking of The PRESIDING OFFICER. 1 I~ is, but the Senator from Geor¢a .seven or eight or nine hundred dollar clerksj he was not speaking of a suggests an amendment io strike out, which the Chair, according to his powerless class; he was not speaking of those whose trusts and duties recollection of rule 31, holds would be in order at this time. were almost entirely mechanical, without the power to rob or injure lt1r. BROWN. I now have the printed amendment before me. In :the Government; he was speaking of those who had power in high line 7 of the part proposed to be stricken out of the amendment of the ·places, and had made their names \>v-words of infamy throughout the Senator from Iowa, I move to insert, after the word ''two,'' the word -civilized world. "and, n and to strike out "and six;" and in line 9 to strike out "six,., So I say to-day the civil service of the Government has bCcome cor­ and insert ''four;'' so as to make the part proposed to be stricken out rupt; but this bill is no cure; it is an aggravation. If the Republican by the Senat-or from Massachusetts read: Senators :find any comfort in passing it let them do so; the country will Said commissioners shall, when appointed, hold respecti\"ely for two and four not mistake their attitude. It is now nearly twenty-two years since years, to be determined by lot amonoo themsel>es, and shall be commissioned \that party came into power. In March, 1861, they assumed control of accordingly; but their successors shall hold for four years from the expim.tion of said original terms. this Government and :tilled its offices more exclusively with partisan fol­ lowers than was ever done before. They have held them in office; the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the offices are full of them now.- This bill propo es to keep them there as amendment of the Senator from Georgia to the amendment of the Sen­ .a band of trained officials. ator from Massachusetts. I repeat, if the Republican Senators ifter this long lease of power The amendment to the amendment was rejected, there being on a divis­ can :find any coD.iOlation in passing this bill, let them do so. It is not ion~a~es 22, noes 24. rthe first death-bed repentance that I have read of. I never thought The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question recurs on agreeing to the much of such repentances. I think the penitence of that side of the amendment of the Senator from Massaclmsetts to strike out from the Chamber is principally because the public crib and the power of patron­ amendment of the Senator ft·om Iowa. the words which have been read .age are receding from you and growing dimmer every day. I fear that at the desk. -!Our grief is not because you have so gro ly debauched the public serv­ Mr. PLUMB addressed the Senate. [See Appendix.] Ice. Mr. MAXEY. Mr. President, I desire in a very few words to state However that may be, there is one consolation to my mind; if the to the Senate and to the country the reasons which influence me in the public service is reeking with filth and crime, the work is not ours. It course which I shall pursue on this bill. ~ not been done by our people, and we intend to go to the country To the full extent of .my constitutional authority I will go as far as W1theut hypocrisy and say we believe the public interest requires the furthest in a genuine reformation ofthe civil service. We have heard a change of the public service. I would make some exceptions. I all over the country and we have heard in the Senate from both sidesof would make exceptions in favor of soldiers who had served their country the Chamber that there have been peculating jobs in every Department well and had been hurt in its service; but I do not intend to deceive of this Government; peculations in the Indian Bureau, in the War De­ anybody or be deceived. If the Democratic party ascends to power I partment, in the Treasury Department, in the Internal Revenue, in- 360 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECE-MBER 16,

I -whisky rings; frauds upon the Pension Bureau; frauds in the Post­ Then, sir, under the constitutional oath to preserve, protect, and de­ Office Department, frauds everywhere. We have heard alse in the coun­ fend the.Constitution, and to see that the laws n.re faithfully executed, trya.nd here in the Senate that under the pretextofvoluntarydonations if you pass this bill, will it·be any more binding on the President's con­ for political purposes a.sSessments have been made and enforced from the' science and· his <>ath tha.n the laws which h'e 'has already sworn to sup­ hard earnings of the more humble employes of·the Government, men· port? What good result is accomplished, therefpre, by this? and women, and that these contributions have been wrung from them. But again, sir, let us when we place upon the statute-book a, mea ure We have beard that these offices, instead of being filled by competent for the reformation of the civil service of this country be honest to each men by reason of their qualliications, by reason of their fitness for the other and be honest to the people. The Senator from Kansas has well positions to which they are appointed, have been appointed by men in said that this bill already before it is passed is construed by one portion high political positions, exercising and denianiing influence over the ap­ of its advocates to mean one th4tg, to retain in offioo those who are pointing power, who have come to be known as boss rulers. All this we there now above the lowest grades; and it .is said by others that the h.ave heard; and we have heard in the strong language of the Senator power of removal remains exactly where it was. It is on one side pre­ from Ohio [Mr. PENDLETON] that this demoralization has permeated sented to us that those who advocate the bill do it for the purpo e of every office in the country, permeated all over the country, demoral­ retaining in power those who are already in power; and, on the other izing all the civil service, and unless this demoralization is killed it side, that the power of removal remains. will kill the Republic. I agree with him. Again, if what we have heard be true, as has been charged all over From these grave and weighty premises, calculated t{) draw the atten­ this land, that this fraud and corruption and peculation ha.ve been going' tion of this whole cotmtry, that unless this maladmi.nistration of the on, they could not have gone on without the connivance-of those who civil service of this country is stopped, unless it is killed,.it will kill now hold positions in these various Departments. Then when you the Republic, what is the conclusion? Therefore we must haveacom­ want to make an investigation, when you want to see and let the people petitive examination of applicants for the lowest grade.of clerkship! of the country know whether these charges are true or false1 I ask you, What a '' ln.me and impotent conclusion !'' The mou.n,tain labored, and sir, if you can make the investigation with that degree of fuirness it is en­ behold a ridiculous mouse comes forth ! That is all there is in this titled to when the very men who were in position when the fraudswera bill. The whole remedy that is proposed to be applied for all these perpetrated remain in position? Would it not be to tlaeir interest to wrongs is a competitive examination of applicants for the lowest grade see that the investigation should not be full and fair? of clerkship. Do you propose to stop the frauds which were developed Sir, if these things be true as' charged, ·there should be the turning of by investigation from the Departments themselves by commissions ap­ rivers through the Augean ·stable, anll it should be purified from one pointed·for .that purpose, by suits in. courts of justice~ and by investi­ end to the other. Believing that this bill is not even a tnb to the whale, gations by committees of Congress-do you prop<>se to stop all ·that. believing tha~it is setting out a little bait to bob for whales,· I for one fraud, all that peculation, all that corruption, by a oompetiti.ve eia.min.a­ shall not su rt it. · tion of men who have ~othing whatever to do with that fraud, with Sir, if t4E life of yourself and your family were threatened by a griz­ that peculation, 'with that corruption? L ask, is·it possible to·make a zly bear,1taverious and hungry, would you, in order to protect your life more lame and a more impotent conclusion from these grave and weighty and tha.t of your family, load a fowling-piece with bird-shot and go forth premises? to battle? ·What else do you do in this little bill? Here, when the Yet we are told and war~ed that unless we support this bill, which Senator from Ohio tells us that the life of the Republic is at stake, you we are to believe is to remove so much trouble, the' country will hold propose to go forth to battle With a fowling-piece loaded with mustard­ us responsib1e. Why, sir, I heard during the last session of· C~mgress shot and kill fourth-grade clerks. That is all there is in it. You can when a microscopic bill-contemptible in its provisions, to my mind--7 make nothing more out of it. · came here for a. reduction of the taxes on bank checkS·and on bank capi­ When I had the b.onor of asking the Senator the other day if the com­ tal and on patent medicines and a few little·thirigs of that sort, unless mittee had agreed upon any plan as tO the inquiries to be propotmded that was passed the cotmtry would hold us responsible for a failure to to candidates, the answer was "No, we have not~ " I knew the ques­ reduce the enormous taxes which were burdening the people: Was tions which were so graphically brought out by the Senator from Indi­ anybody deceived by that in the country? The intelligent men among ana [Mr. VOORHEES] to-day. Then the precise plan of the former in­ the American people saw at once that this was a )llere-pretext, and vestigations, which have proven so wanting in common sense and in nothing but a pretext. When the cormtry has been complaining of practical utility are to here-enacted, because the very same men who were boss rule, of the frauds and peculations and Corruptions which have the authors and promoters of that form of civil-.service reform under been committed throughout this land, will the country be satisfied which such questions were put are now the great leaders in this move­ with a weak and impotent conclusion of a competitive examination of ment. The Senator from Illinois [Mr. LoGAN], with great common the lower grade of clerks? Will that satisfy the people? Is that going sense, it seems to me, offered an amendm.ent which covered that point.

to satisfy them? r 1 So we :find that from beginning to end this bill has been covered over When the great offices of this country are, ·before the election, aban­ with amendment after amendment, and in my judgment these amend­ doned and the chiefs convert themselves into political pilgrims and go ments do look at making something like a bill if one is to be adopted. over the country making political speeches in the interest of party, Yet we are told tha.t this bill, thus presented to us, wastheresultofthe never fuiling, however, to draw their salarie's out of the Treasury of most·careful and most thorough deliberation, after the moot complete the people with conspic-uous regularity, and when the people complain and thorough investigation, and that it was the Iesult of long and of this, is it any answer to say we have cured that by directing .a labored thought; and when it comes in what is it? That the great cure competitive examination of the lower grade of clerks? for the maladministration of the civil service, which is admitted on Jtfr. President, the American people fl're intelligent; they are a com­ all hands, .is a competitive examination of the lowest grade of clerks! mon-oonse people; they are wise; they are looking to all this, and this is It may be that men will say because I present these views I . oppose not a tub even to the angry whale. The verdict of the American peo­ civil-service reform. I want civil-service reform; and I propose in the pleagainst this maladministration of the civil service is written in golden most effectual manner that I can, when the right time comes, to go be­ letters of light across the blue sky to be seen of all men, and no subter­ fore the people of my State and preach a reformation of a maladminis­ fuge, no small frivolous effort like this can divert the people from their tered civil service. I propose to do it in a. way that will be vigorous great purpose to reform the civil service of this country. It should be and efficient; but I do not propose t{) advocate a plan which I regard done from the cellar to the garret; itshould be done by ~bill which will as helpless and inefficient; and I take the responsibility of saying that effectuaJly put a stop to the abandonment of the great offices of this unless this bill is very greatly amended and put in better condition oountry by their proper chiefs to go out on electioneering tours. Itshould than it comes to us I shall V{)te against it. be done by putting a stop to boss.rule; it should be done by command­ Mr. JONES, of Florida. Mr. President, I do not rise ro make any ing and demanding of the executive department of this Government a extended speech in support of this bill, but simply to say that so fa.rAS faithful administration of the Government. it goes it meets with my entire approbation. I am not one of those re­ Again, I ask you, sir, under the Constitution of. our country, what ad­ formers who are disposed to clamor and complain about everything in ditional power will be given by this bill to the Executive ofthis coun­ connection with the practical administration of the Government, and try or to any of the Cabinet ministers under him that he and t~ have then when it comes to an effort at reform turn away from it because it not already got under the laws and the Constitution as they v are? is inefficient. I say that this bill is a step in the right direction, and Have they not now the power to make such examinations as s all sat­ although it may not come up to that standard of radi<:al reformation isfy them as to the qualifications of those who apply for office? Have that some would have us inaUoourate at a single step, I belie>e the princi­ they not got the power now where n.n official neglects and abandons his ple of it, if made effective and carried out in good faith, will tend very duty and goes out on an electioneering pilgrimage to remove him from greatly to improve the civil. service of the country. office and give the reasons for it if need be? Have they not got the No great reformation has ever been effected at a ingle tep. Those power to break up this boss rule by saying '' The nomination is to be who know anything of the past and of its history in government, in made by me upon such information as satisfies my mind that the nomi­ morals, and in religion bow very well that the abuses of mankind have nee is an honest, a. capable, and a faithful man?'' Has not the Presi­ never been reformed at a single step. It requireS the labor of· ages, dent now the powe-r to ma.ke his selections with regard to qualifications certainly of years, to make an impression upon those inveterate abuses an.d not in regard to satisfying some man who wants these nominations which take hold of the heart of man and w.arp and 'narrow and subvert made for the purpose of helping him in his owtr State?:· H:ts -not the it. .It is not possible, therefore, to do whatthe Senator from Texas [Mr. .Administration got all the power now that it would have under this MAxEY] desires. bill? But who will say tha.t the principles of this bill .are not correct, even 1882. \ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.

I though they are 'applied only to subordinate offi_cers? Let us begin at tion to the period for which a person m.ay .hold office in .the Depart­ the lower rouild and work up. If this b'Ul goes into ~ect it will have ments, n<>ne whatever. The Republican·parly hasJ;eeri i,u~wer nQw a wh_olesome influence on those exercising executive powers in the more than twenty years, and I suppose that of those appc}mted · in Departments, and even in the Presidential office. these offices many have held during the whole time. But there is no The Senator says the great offices ate not affected by it; That is true: restriction whatever now; there is none impo ,~ in this bill; bu,t then but what is it that gives to these officers their power? Whatis.itthat this bill departs from the present usage in this, that it does not require gives to the head of a custom-house, of a post-office, or any of the great a man to render any party service, to make any colitiibution for party, offices of the country under the control of this Government the power in order to hold his place under the Government, an:d that the business that he has? Does not everybody know that it is the power of patron­ of the Government shall, as near -as may pe, be _conducted UPQn those age; that it is the power which enables him to designate in an arbitrary principles which control in the a:ffan:s of individual men. · This is the way without regard to the interests of the country or the capability of principle as I understand. We all know that the number of perspris the individual the men who shall perform under him the duties of office? who can hold office under a great government like this is comparatively What would the head ofthe New York custom-house be worth without few when compared with the body of the whole people 6f the Republic. · the power to designate the subordinates? It would be worth nothing; There must be a trust somewhere. The people outside have an interest and the power of the chief who is there would fall to the ground im­ decided and marked in a faithful and honest exeeution of the duties of potent and valueless as a power for evil in the operations of this country. the offices of the Government. L No, sir; that is not where the mischief lies. It lies where this bill My honorable friend from New Jersey [Mr. McPHERSoN] the other strikes, in the power ofp~tronage, which every IIUlll in his senses knows day said he was for party government, and so am I. · I am f~r party has been used for every other purpose except the one that ought to have government, but not when it comes down tO the little iE.signi:ficant characterized its e~ercise. We cannot shut om eyes to it. The coun­ offices of the Republic. I am for party government here and in the try has recognized it, and it will hold representative men of both par­ other end of the Capitol. We represen~ parties and ·principles as rep­ ties responsible for what they may do respecting the adoption of a resentative n;ten of great bodies of constituents, and this is the proi_ler proposition like this. Have I not seen it under my own eyes in my place for us to give expression to what we feel with respect to ourpnn­ own State? Have I not seen capable and competent men removed from cipl~; but when it comes down to a clerk in a Department or in a office simply to advance the intetests of a political party? custom-house, or any of the little insignificant offi~ of the Go'Vern­ Mr. COCKRELL. By wbom removed? _. ment, the principles of party government do not apiJlY there, acrording )!r. JONES, of Florida. By the power here. to my understanding of party government. · Mr. COCKRELL. The men who are in favor of reform now ? Now, sir, I think the people have become impressed with the a;buses Mr. JONES, of Florida. I do not say that. I do not intend to in­ of the present system, and thi2 is the :first step in the direction of re­ dulge in recrimination. Inilividnals are nothing when it comes to a form, and I for one hail it as a happy omen of a ~tter future for the great principle. I heard a great officer of the Government say when it people of the Republic and the interests of the public service. came to an insignificant appointment in my own ,State under the Fed­ 1\Ir. SHERMAN. Mr. President, I think the most remarkable feature eral Gov~rnment that the ~ppointme?~ was im,P?rtan~ ~use it ~gh~ of this debate is the general wholesale and entirely unfounded abuse have an influence upon a little mumCipal election Within the coD.fines of the management ·of the Executive Departments Cif the Government. of that State, and I asked myself, Where are we drifting when these things I have listened to it very often with a feeling of regret, and yet I have· occur? This is the great evil against which this bill is directed, and not felt disposed: to say-a:nything in regard to'it, because these allega­ although it is not all that I would wish it to be, it affirms a principle tions are so broad and wholesale that they generally answer themselves. that meets with my entire and unqualified approbation. Now, what But an illustration has occurred now whiCh I think will "point a moral does it propose to do? and adorn a tale" like the story of the three black crows. I read in a It simply creates a commission not intended to intrude upon the ex­ paper this morning a report of the proceedings of the Senate yesterday, ecutive power of the President, because the language of the bill is care­ in which I found this language attributed to the Senator from New fully guarded. It is to aid in giving effect to these principles: Jersey [1\.fr. UcPHERSON]: . Sixt-h, that no person in the public service is for that reason under any obli­ Mr. 1\IcPHERSON referred to Mr. PENDLETON's statement the other day that in gation to ~ntribute to any political f~d, or ~o r~nder any po~itical service, and the Treasury Department alone 1,700 persons were paid who had no work to that be will not be removed .or otherwlSe preJudiced for refusmg to do so. do, and he asked ll1r. MILLER if he thought it would be wrong for a. Democratic That is one of them. Executive to dismiss these persons even if they were soldiers. Seventh that no person in said service has any right to use his official au­ That is the reported statement of what my honorable friend from New thority or influence to coerce the political action of any person or body. Jersey said. I turn, however, to the RECORD, and· I find that he said this: These two principles are enough for me if there were nothing e~ in the bill to commend it, and the President who signs the bill and accepts· The Senator from Ohio [Mr. PENDLETON] states that 1,700 employes were em-~ ployed in one Department of this G_overnment alone, when, as I understand his it, if he be an honorable man, will feel himself bound to give effect to speech, there was no duty whatever for them to perform. What the people de-­ these J)rinciples; and I am sure, after all that has been said of the abuses mand is the lopping ofl;' all such useless and needless expenditures of money in the employment of men and women in the Departme,nts of the Government who · of power with respect to the patronage of this Government, that no simply hold sinecures. · Democrat at least can put himself in a position of hostility to these prin­ ciples. ''Sinecures.'' I inquired ofmy collCUooue in what speech ofhli; he made· It does not matter to me that the bill applies to subordinate officers. the remarkable declaration that 1, 700 persons were employed· in the Its purpose is to allow men to exercise the subordinate offices of the Gov­ Treasury Department without any necessity as sineeures. · He said he· ernment without regard to party, while now we know that that principle never made such a declaration, he never thought such a thing, and, turn­ is almost entirely ignored. Instead of confining selections to any par­ ing to his speech, I find he never did make such a. declaration; but what ticular set of men, belonging to any political organization, it extends the he did state was just sufficient foundation for this elaborate and 'unneces- · :field, and the bill is not open to the objection presented against it by the sary and false statement. , Senator frqm Kansas [Mr. PLuMB] that it is intended to shut out from .Mr. McPHERSON. Will the Senator please state what his collCUooue-­ the official positions of the Go-.;·erument the circulation and infusion of did say? new life and blood. Far from it. It is intended to extend the power Mr. SHERMA....~. Certainly. I will read what my collCUoCTUe stated of appointment so as to embrace all American citizens who by their com­ merely for the -purpese of replying to jt. petency and their charader are fit to exercise the functions of these offices. Mr. McPHERSON. I wish to say in this connection, if permitted tQ · Under the present system it is confined to a. few; it is confined to a par­ do so, that if the Senator's colleague did not so state I entirely misap­ ticular party; and this will ignore that and open the entire field to the prehend~ the force of his remark, ·and not only that; but I have heard it charged before by other Senators until I had right to believe that I whole American poople, without r~aard to party organization. a I have no hesitation in ·saying that the statesman who succeeds even correctly stated it. · by beginning like this in ingraftingthis principle upon our Government l\1r. SHERMAN. I will show .the Senator precise1y the foundation will have rendered a service to this Republic that will make his name of it. I will read what my colleague said. In his carefully Jlrepared immortal. I know very well what has to be contended noo-ainst on ac­ speech made on the 12th instant he said: .At the last session of Congress, in open Senate, it was stated a.nd proven that count of party and party prejudices, but all great refo~s have had in the Treasury Department at Washington there were-8,400 employes, and that these difficulties to contend with in days gone by, and no great work of this number the employment of less than 1,600 is authorized by law and ap­ ever was accomplished which was not beset with difficulties like those­ propriations made for their pa.yme~~~ and that more than 1,700 are put on or off which surround thepassageofthis bill. But !think thetimehascome the rolls of the Department at the wiu and pleasure of the Secretary of the Treas­ ury1 and are paid not out of appropriations made for that purpose, but out of' when the American people will demand from both political parties. a var1ous funds and balances of appropriations lapsed. in the Treasury in one shape recognition of the principles of this bill, and if it shall be found to work or another, whi<>h are not by law appropriated to the payment of these employes_ well in its application to the smaller subordinate officers of the Govern­ That is what my coile&orYUe stated: that of 3,400 persons employed ment we ~'lll then extend it so as to embraee the higher officials to in the Trea ury Depa.rtment only l,t>OO were specifically appropriated whom ullu. ion was made by the Senator from Texas [Mr. MAXEY]. for by law, and the oth~rs were paid out of other ayproprin.tion.S of a · It i no infringement of the appointing power. This commission general character. He taliffi about "lap ed appropnations." They are simpl,v aill · the President, and there is nothing in the bill that I can not paid out of lapsed appropriationS, but out of regular appropriations see which takes from him a single power that he now possesse . made at this session and at e'l/ery session of Congress. · l.Jn

Mr. SHERMAN. I would rather answer this first, and then I prom- employed there as inspectors, gangers, and storekeepers, and all the iBe to answer further in a moment. various paraphernalia of that great office? No, sit; nor is it possible lt'Ir. McPHERSON. It is right in this connection, and perhaps it is to do so. · as well to put it now. The appropriation made for the collection of the cust<>ms is an appro- Mr. SHERMAN. Very well. priation in the'aggregate. Where is the law on your statute-book that :Mr. McPHERSON. Will the Senator proceed t<> read still further appropriates for the collectors of internal revenue? The e:\--pense oJ from the remarks of his colleague, in which he makes the statement that collection is appropriated by one general clause, and you can not do it an entire new floor had been made in one Department for the accom- otherwise. How could Congress undertake to pass upon all the various modation of people who were not needed? offices of this country and make specific appropriations of specific sums :Mr. SHERMAN. I wish the Senator would find that clause of my for every laboring man employed by the Government? Our laws are colleague's speech, and I will reply to it. Now, let us see how plain a long enough now; our books are long enough. The very attempt to story will put all this down. It is true that probably only 1,600 per- carry y6ur specific appropriations down to naming the character and sons in the Treasury Department are specifically named by description •nature of these employes so as to include the whole 100,000 persons in the appropriation laws as clerks and employes that are appropriated employed in the public ervice of the United States is perfect folly. for, but all the others are employed in pursuance of appropriations by The number of clerks and employes in the Departments at Washing­ law. Take, for instance, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. I ton is named by specific law, and your appropriations follow the lan­ tlun to the appropriations for that great bureau, which is one of the guage of the law, and appropriate for -those people who are named; but most important of the Government, made at the last session of Con- nine-tenths, yea 95 per cent. of all the employes of thiB Government gress under the severest scrutiny, and I find an appropriation for about are neither described nor named in your appropriation bills. All the twenty persons: employes of the custom-houses and of the various po t-offices of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing: United States, which constitute more than a majority ofall officers, the For chief of bureau, $4,500; one assistant, $2,250; ~countant, $.2,000; one ste- employes in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and in the Office of nographer, $1,600; one clerk of class 3; one clerk of clas<:~ 2; fvur clerks of claas 1; · · the Public Printer, the nProple employed by the engm· eer se...mce, and one clerk, $1.,000; additional to one clerk as disbursing clerk, $200; three copy- r~~ L • L ists at $900 each; two assistant messengers, and four laborers; in all, t.26,130. all the innumerable laborers ap.d persons employed to carry into execu- That is all the specific appropriation there is for the Bureau of En- tion your laws are paid out of the general appropriations. graving and Printing, and in addition to these 20 employes there are Then when my: colleague said that of the 3,500 per ons (I think from 600 to 1,000 persons, laboring men and .women, not sinecures, who there are more than that probably) employed under the Treasury De­ work by the hour, sometimes by day and night, paid out of a large ap- partment only 1,600 are specifically appropriated for he said whatwas propriation for the printing and engraving of the public securities, and righ.t, what I would not correct; and I say now it is impossible for Con­ these are included in the 1,700 that the Senator says ru-e discharged or gress to make specific appropriations further than is done. Wherever employed from day to day by the Secretary of the Treasury. Sir, the it is attempted to define and limit the number and grade of pay of the Secretary of the Treasury never employs or discharges any one of them. ~mployes it has alway increased them. !There would be no surplus They are employed by the hour and by the day a'& mere mechanics' revenue now, nor would there have been in the last ten years, if Con­ wages. The number can not be fixed by law and Congress can not un- gress had undertaken to fix the wages paid to the various employes of dertake to :fix the number of engravers, plate-printers, and all the various the Government. operatives; but still they are employed out of appr<1pfiations made by l\1r. McPHERSON. Will it be agreeable tq the Senator for met& authority of Congress, and yet the whole aprrop,Tiation made specifically interrupt him now? for thatbranchofthe publicserviceisonly~24,000for20employes. All Mr. SHERMAN. Certainly. theotherpeoplewhoareemployedinthatgrcatburea.uandwhohold their Mr. McPHERSON. If I understand the Senator aright, he states office, if it can be so called, by the tenure of good behavior at the very that of the 3,400 employes of the Treasury Department but 1,GOO are lowest wages on which such persons can be employed to perform Jll6- provided for in the regular appropriation bills by law? ochanical duty are appropriated for in a general'appropriation, and it is Mr. SHERMAN. I do not say that. utterly .impossible to define the number of these various employes; l\Ir. McPHERSON. May I now inquire of the Senator if it is PeS- they are a part of the 1, 700 ''sinecures'' that are paid out of the Treas- sible for a Secretary of the Trea ury to estimate within 50 per cent. of ury of the United States without any specific appropriation. the IIumber of employes that he requires, and ask Congr to appro- Why, sir, take a more glaring case and this wholesale abuse of the priate for them? Executive Departments, it seems to me, ought to be checked. Take -1\Ir. SHERMAN. The Secretary of the Treasury can employ no one the case of the Public Pr.inter. The Public Printer is employed in the unless he is expressly authorized by law, and no one has been employed performance of a great duty, to obey the orders of Congress and of the except in pursuance of express law. Departments to do the printing needed for the public service. The ex- . Mr. McPHERSON. Then is the statement entirelyfalsethatiscon­ penditure of that bureau is between two and three million dollars a tained in the report of your colleague's speech made here on December year, as I am told, and perhaps more. I find here an appropriation for 12, that there were 1, 700 who were put on the rolls of the Department public printing: , at the will and pleasure of the Secretary of the Treasury? Is that a For oompensation of the Public Printer, ~.600; for chief clerk, ~,000; four true statement or a false one? -clerks of class 4; one clerk of class 1; i.n all, $14,000. · l\Ir. SHERl\IA.l~. When the Senator gets through with his question, Fourteen thousand dollars for seven persons, and that is all the specific I will answer him: appropriation that is made for the public printing; but there is another Mr. McPHERSON. Still further, as the Senator has taken up the appropriation for paper that is bought, another for the employes there in statement of his colle3:,au.e and undertaken to do what I have not hea>rd gross, so that the aggregate cost is '2,000,000 or 3,000,000, and these his colleague himself attempt to do, I will go further. His colle~aue appropriations are made annually. Shall it be said that all the em- states: loyes of the Printing Office are "sinecures" except four, or ix, or 1\Ir. Pre ident, we see here in this stat(lmentwhencecome. thatimmcnscbody P of public officials, in pectors, detectiV' , deputies, examiner , from the Treasury seven who are appropriated fior spec·ifi cally? N ot at a ll· Why, sir; it Department who have for years past been sent over the tates for the purpose of is absurd. The men whose names are not mentioned, the list of which managing Pre idential conventions and ecuring Presidential elections at the is not given, are not the "sinecures;" they are the honey-bees of this public expense. great hive, ·and every attempt made by Congress to m~ke specific that I suppose the natural inference from that statement is that it referred which can not-properly be made specific has always resulted in increas- to those who are only partially employed and those who were.employed ing the cost of the public service. When Oongress appropriates for at the will and pleasure of the Secretary of the Treasury, without any laboring men to do a menia.l service, to clean out this Chamber or do express appropriation and having no particular status as officers in the anything of that kind, it appropriates for so many laborers at $700 or Treasury Department. Further-- $600 a year; and they are employed by all the Departments in pur- l'r!r. SHERMAN. I think my friend is abusing the pritilege and suance of appropriations made by law in the aggre~mte . It is not the courtesy which I extended. men~ women, and I may say childi·en, who perform service from 50 Mr. McPHERSON. Further, if he will permit me, as I think it iB cents up to $2.50 a day that are "sinecures" by any means, and they due to me under the circumstances, the Senator's colleague said also: are just as lawfully employed as those specifically appropriated for. I hold in my hand a statement made before the commitiee which reported But my colleague said one thing further. Perhaps I did wrong in not this bill, showing that in one of the divisions of the Treasury Department at noticing this matter before. Referring to me as his colleague, he said: :~~~.!:on, where more than nine hundred persons were employed, men and I was amazed. I had never before heard that such a state of affairs existed. I did not believe it was po ible until my honorable colleague rose in his place Here ig the point particularly to which I wish to call the e~tor's and admitted the general truth of the statement and defended the system as attention and I suppose no statement has been made by his honomble being necessary-for the proper admini tration of the Treasury Department. colleague that he clid not consider worthy of being again presented to Well, sir, I did not think it was necessary td l'eply to that. How the Senate- · can Congress appropriate for and designate the number of employes five hundred and more of them were entirely usel q' and were discharged that shall be · employed in the various custom-houses? There is the without in any degree affe<.'ting the efficiency of the bureau. I do not intend to great customs se:Fvice of the United States; there is the port of New mis."tate any t'act to-day jj' I can avoid it. . . York, where three-fouprhs of all our impo t revenues are collected. Now, if that is not a fi.1et, he certainly could h.n,ve n>oided it. He . Will Congress· Un.dertake to pecify how mnny laboring men shall be goes still further-- 1 1882. CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD-SENATE. 363 I . .l\Ir. SHERMAN. I think the Senator has abused the courtesy which maintaining in circulation the fractional currency prior to 1877. That is .usually due between Senators. was discontinued, I think, by the resumption act of1875. J>rior to that Ur. :McPIIERSON. I did.mt wish to have the Senator undertake time a multitude of men were employed in that avocation. It cost much tto correct his colleague and misstate his colleague's speech. more than all the other branches of the printing, and this had not en­ Mr. SHERMAN. 1\'Iy colleague is perfectly able to take care of him- tirely subsided in 1e77, when I became Secretary; and among the first .. self. acts of that administration was to see whether or not the large force 1\Ir. McPHERSON.. I know it. growing out of this service that had been discontinued about a year be­ Mr. SHERl\1AN. Now, Mr. President, I resume the floor. fore could not be largely reduced, and the result of it was the com.m.is­ The PRESIDING OFFICER {Mr. GABLAND in the chair) . . The sion of which Mr. Graves was chairman reporting that the number could :Senator from Ohio claims the floor, to which he is entitled. be reduced and the efficiency of the service increased. The result of Mr. SHERMAN. I am sorry that .the Senator should show such ig­ that report was that $600,000 appropriated by Congress for the Bureau norance in regard to the ordinary character of our legislation as not to of EDa:,o-raving and Printing was returned to the Treasury of the United know the difference between specific approp1iations for office1'S provided States that year and a large number of employes were discharged. 'by law and the appropriations made in a ~rouder way for the employ­ I do not complain of my colleague, except that I think he gives too ment of necessary service in the various oranches of the public business. much couleur de rose to this, and I t~ink it would have been a great deal Who are the men named in this list of 1,600-and I presume my col­ better for him if he had given the date of this transaction and shown leaoaue was entirely right that 1, 600 was the number of persons provided that it was in time past, and that it had been corre<;ted, for it doe{) not for by the regular appropriation bills? F:or instance, in ·a certain bu­ appear from the official report which I hold in my hand that he did :reau of the Treasury Department there is an appropriation for an audi­ say it was corrected; but it was corrected. -tor, so many clerks of the different classes, &c., all the way through, Now, Mr. President, the abuses of the civil service do not grow out -SO many examiners, so many detectives, or special agents, as they are of the employment of persons under general appropriations made by ICalled. They make- up the 1,600 that are specifically provided for. Congress, because from the nature of these appropriations it is impos­ ·They are the officers among whom the abuses occur, if there are abuses sible to define them more specifically. How can you, as I asked a mo- . -that ha\e grown up in the civil service. The other persons not spe­ ment ago, define the number of persons to be employed in a custom­ .cifi.cally provided for by law are the laboring men and women who are house, where the business varies from day to day and from month to employed in the •arious bureaus, not one of whom, so far as I know, month, in some months more and some months less? You have got to has ever been charged with participating in political movements or in leave the regular disposition of these subordinate employes to the heads political campaigns. . of that service. So in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Congress My friend speaks of anoth~r thing. He says my colleague referred could by passing a single act compel the, employment of a great addi­ -to a time when, in a bureau of the Treasury Department, some six or tional number of persons in that bureau in order to get out the work, .eight years ago, it was said. there were some 900 employes. J That was as, for instance, last year the sudden demand made by the laws of last .true in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing when I haa the honor session in the reduction of the interest on the public debt required for :to be appointed Secretary oftlte Treasury. There was a system of em­ a time a largely increased force, and then necessarily there was a lop­ Jlloying, probably, an unneCessary number of persons; but the bureau, ping off of this force. In all these branches of the public servi.ce the :by an executive order, was reorganized, and the pay of those employes number of employes must necessarily depend upon the heads of the duce that Department while I was there, and I have no doubt the league if I am not correct. same was done by my honorable friend from Minnesota [Mr. WIN­ Mr. PENDLETON. I do not understand that any statement that I DOM]. What motive could a head of Department have to have unne­ made in the remarks which I submitted theotherdaytothe Senate has cessary employes? Is it suppos¢ we have no higher ambition and no "been m any sense contro•erted either by my colleague on the one side or nobler aim than to employ supemnmeraries to go around to interfere by the Senator from New Jersey on the other. I made a statement here with the elections? Why, sir, that is not the case. There are no 1, 700, iin relation to the Treasury Department proper and I based it upon a there are no 100, there are no 20 persons in that Department ho are .debate had in the Senate at the last session as to which the official doc­ not actively employed in the public serviee, doing that which the law :uments were presented. I made a statement in reference to the Bureau requires them to do, and all these statements to the contmry are en­ o0f Engraving and Printing, that of nine hundred anQ. odd five hundred tirely unfounded. .and odd persons were found-! used the word ''useless,'' and were dis­ Now, 111r: President, what is it that we want by a civil-service bill'? missed. I based that upon a statement which I read to the Senate, and I can not for the life of me see any ground for any difference of opinion, I read it purposely that I might not be charged with making unfair or except as to the power of removal, nor for any political feeling on the inaccurate statements here. It was the statement of :Mr. Gra•es, who subject. There are two o1· three things that I should like to see ac­ .:says that in a former administration-he ginng his evidence as of last complished. First, I should like to regulate in the civil sertice appoint­ March-this state of affan'S was found to exist in the Bureau of En­ ments to positions. It is now claimed that these appointments are ;graving anu Printing, and I read it; it is in my speech as I made it to made by favoritism and not by merit. Well, sir, that may be to some the Senate attributed to him, and in order that I mightnotdo injustice ext-ent the truth, although by the law applied to the Treasury Depart­ to my colleague or to anybody else I gave the authority on which I ment they are apportioned among the several States, and the older States made that :t.."ttement, and I do not tmderstand that it is contro\erl.ed at have not had any appointments for years; they have generally gone to .all to-day. · the West and the South. No new appointments can be made under Mr. SHERMAN. 1\lr. Graves was chairman of the commission organ­ the law from States whose quota is fulL There may be appointments ized in the Tre~rury Department, without any act of Congress, in 1877 for by favoritism. There is the power to select by favoritism, and that .the purpo e of looking ov-er to see whether or not proper rules of civil power ought to be checked and guarded. ~ :tle.rvice should be applied to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and I therefore will vote for any law which will enable any man, rich or that reform uch as he alludes to, was brought about by :Mr. Gra•es; poor, whatever may be his eondition, wherever he may lhe, to go at :and the reform was cafli.ed into execution, and is actually daily prac­ the proper time before proper officers and be examined. In other rticed in that bureau now. words, the English rule, which has been adopted there only within a ·Mr. PENDLETON. The Senator from Iowa [1\'Ir. ALLISos] inter­ few years, has worked wonderfully well, so that any person there can rupting me, or perhaps it was the Senator from :Maine [:Mr. HALE], go before the proper officers and be examined, and he may be appointed stated that the abuse had been corrected, and I said that I was very if he proves himself to be more meritorious than any one else. I am in glad to bear that it had been, though it was corrected at so late a period fr1vm· of any law that will accomplish that. as the appropriation bill of last session. I made no reflection upon any­ There is another law I am in favor of. It is said that removals arc body, I made no unfair statement upon anybody, but I might lkwe said made without cause. Well, sir, if removals are made without cause, in that these abuses whatever they were had grown up not when the Demo­ nine ca ·es out of ten they are made upon the solicitation of members of cratic party had possession of any of the Executive Departments of the Congre . I say that without fear of contrailiction. Nineoutoftenof >Government. the remo•als "\vitbout cause ru·e made because there is a pressure brought :Mr. SHERUAN. The increase of the sciTice in the Bureau of En­ upon members of Congress to induce remo•als, and demands ru·e made ,gra,ing ana. Printinu was roused entirely by the then practice of print­ by members of Congress, both SenatOl's and Representatives, upon the ing small notes, and was due to the enormous expense of printing and President and heads of Departments to aP.point men for them to office. 364 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER·. 1~6~.

~or is this~ confined to one party either, even in a Republi~ admin-· Mr. SHERMAN. It was made .six years ago, remember. I want. istrntion; that is the fact: Now; if any law will guard ~oainst . that it· my colleague to give the date. !twas made five yearsago at anyrate. ought to be pu$800. One l~w which :vo~d be as wise . as·. any ot~er :Ur~ PENDLETON. It was made several years ago. woUld be to forbid members of the legiSlative department of the GOv- Mr. EDMUNDS. Give the. exact date. ernfuent from eyen applying to the Depri.rtments for any position.m: any Mr. PENDLETON. My colleague says that it was made six years. office. I would vote for that, and did so vote years aD:d years ago. I ago. would be glad to do it now, and when I was an executiveofficerlcould. Mr. SHERMAN. · It was made in the summer of1877. not but feel keenly sometimes that mode of solicitation which was· :Ur. PENDLETON. :Ur. Graves says there is a practice in the De-· brought to bear upon heads of Departments by members of Congress. partmentwhen an appropriationis made for one clerk to subdivide that· I ca.n speak now more freely of it, because I am here among you ~aain appropriation and employ three in the place.of one, when those three· as ·a Senator. .ri member of Congress will come to a head of a Depart-. ·can not perfoi'ID the duties that the one was intended to perform. Now, ment. He is a distinguished man; the head of Department will be anx-: is that true or is it not? ious, desirous to please the Senator or M~mber, much more anxious to .Mr. SHERMAN. I havenodouhtthatcasesofthatkindmighthav please the Senator or Memberpxobablythanyouare aware of. He likes arisen whru:e appropriationsweremadefo:rtheclericalfurce, and instead: to be on good relations With the meJDbeisofCongress, especially ofhis ofappointingonehigh-pricedpersontheyappointedtwoox:threewomen. own party; 4e likes to oblige them, and sometimes yields to their demandS l That might ha.ve been done, but that has been corrected. The Senator­ when he ought not to, when his own sense of justice and manhood ought . ought to be aware that that was the very thing Mr. Graves pointed out. to induee him to say,'' No, I will not remoYe anybody unless you show· and that was corrected; and that was done in·the Bureau of Engmvm . me good cause for it.'' and Plin.ting, where. there was no limitation. particnlarly as to the ra.te If there is any l}.buse in the system of removals from office here it is of wages, &c. ; that instead of employing one they might employ two or· in llie Senate and' in the House, because there is scarcely an occasion' three women to count notes and thelikeofthat. I think Mr. Graves1s . where-a nead of Department would desire to make a removal merely statement was that the only matter he was considering was the Bureau for favoritism. He must be appealed to to do it by some outside influ- of Engraving and Printing ; and the abuses that he. pointed out are ence, ·and that outside influence generally comes from members of Con-· abuses that were corrected in consequence of that report. gres.~ One of the best features of this law would be to forbid members Mr. PENDLETON. On the contrary, while a portion of his state­ of Qongres8 from making any applications to the Executive Departments ment applies specifically to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, a for xemovals from office or for appointments which invol>ed removals. large portion of it is not limited at all to that.appropriation, as I read I would vote for such a provision cheerfully. it. I read his statement here as applying to the heads ofDepartments, I also do not take rrny stock in the view taken by my friend from and particularly to the cases in the Treasury Department, in which he J.Ias.Sachusetts [1\Ir. Ho.AR] that Congress may not regulate the tenure says that these appropriations made for the purpose of employing one of office. I acknowledge that the President alone has the powe1· to ap- person of special capacity are appropriated. for the payment of two or point'men to office~ When offices are created by law the President three who have not that capacity. That is hi&statement. It may be alone can remove, and nobody else can remove; but that does not deny true ; it may not be true. Here it is. I read itto the,Senate the other the right of Congress to regulate the mode and. manner and tenure of day..: He says that he has known it to exist in many cases. ~MY friend office; tO prescribe the te1·m that a man shall hold his office and the from Iowa [111]:. ALLrso:s-J then .rose in his pl:a.ce and asked me this. causes' of removal. · · question: The power of removal by the President is subject to the same general Will it disturb the Senator if I call his attention right there to.one point? control by Congress as any ~ther constitutional power conferred. No- I replied, ''Not at all." He.then said: body can remove but the President, but Congress may establish a tenure The difficulty complo.ined of there was all cured in the legislative .appropria- of office and r~rrulate its existence, and until that tenure expires the tion bill of last session by a specific law. President has no p<)wer to remove. Why, sir, I have a a judge here Not an executive order, though I do not dispute.that it was done by and as a-Senator sat in judgment upon a President of the United Smtes executive order. He attributes whatever reformation of abuse in that on that issue. I l;lelieve in it now. If I thought differently.! would respect took place to the appropriation bill. of last session. Now, I ask· have been guilty of peijury in voting for the impeachment of Andrew my colleague whether it was done by an executive order or by the JohnSon. Andrew Johnson was impeached because he undertook to appropriation bill of last session.? reJDove Edwin U. Stanton :iri. violation of law, of the tenure-of-office ·Mr. SHERMAN. There was formerly, prior to 1878 I think, an ex­ act. It was for that alone that he was impeached; but if he had the press provision of law which authorized the employment of persons in power to reJDove Stanton without respect. to the tenure-of-office law, just that way where it was deemed best for the public service. I recom­ then he was unlawfully and unrighteously impeached. I do not believe• mended Congress to 'repeal that, and it was modified to a certain extent. it. I think Congress has the full power to regulate the tenure of office I havefurgottennowinwhatyear. It was the "lapse" fund. Irecow­ and that the President is bound to obey that law. I should be glad to mended theCommitteeonAppropriations, thenaDemocraticcommittee, see the provisions of this bill of my colleague amended in that particular. to repeal the ''lapse'' fund and to make these appropriations for the if possible, but· still if the Senate should refuse to ruft.end it in respect to' various offices specific; and it was done upon my recommendation, in removal, I 'shall yet vote for it because it has ome new features in it in DeJDocratic times. regard to the tenure of office. All those are old abuses; they do not ·exist now. If there is an un- Another objection which is made is that assessments are ma.de for necessary officer in any Department of the Government, why is he not political purposes. If any offic~l of the Government chooses to give named? Where does he live? Where is he located? What does he­ money to aid his political party he hJ;ts a right to do it; he ought not do? For six years the Democratic House of Representatives eagerly to be interfered with in doing it, but he ought not to be compelled or watched these appropriations. Theyreducedthemat one time unduly coerced, or put in a position where he cannot refuse to do it. And some and greatly to the emb:irrassment of the public service. E>ery unneces­ of the applications that have been made on our side of the House, and sary employe was rooted out, and some that were essential to the pub-· were made ill the old Democratic times, in the times of Buchanan and lie service. Their wages were reduced. Clerks were clipped off a little· before that, requests in the nature of an impe111tive demand to contribute here and a little there, and. all branches of the service were reduced to· money for political purposes, we:re wrong and ought to be corrected, and bare-bones. If there have been any since that time, you can point them. I will vote for any correction of that kind. I would not a.Uow any Sen- out. If there are any who have escaped the scrutiny of my friend from ator or any member of Congress or any officer of the Government, who- Kentucky [Mr. BECK] and the Senator from Missouri [Mr. CocKRELL] ­ ever he was, to ask for political colil.tributi.ons; nor would I deny to any I should like to know what they are. They are all there; and when. offi~r, high or low, the right tQ give money in aid of his party wants it is said that 1, 700 employes of this Government in a.single Depart-·

4 for the legitimate expenses of political warfare. I would not deny him ment are now employed unnecessarily, it is a statement utterly with • that privilege. out foundation. Now, sir, as to nmiecessary offices, wha,t unnecessary offices are there? This is all I desire to say. I think while we are correcting these abuses, No office exists in this country except what 1s created by act of Con- nearly all of which come out of the actaofindividual members of Con­ gress.' For six years the Democratic party had the power in the other gress, out of the acts of Congress as a body, out. of then· mode of dcal­ Hou8e1 and for two years of that period in this, and not a single officer ing with these questions, we ought to have some little respect for the could IJe paid except by an appropriation made by a Democratic House. right and justice due to the executive officers, who in the main are dis­ There is no officer now except he has been appropriated for by a Con- charging their functions properly and correctly. gress one or the other House of which was a Democratic House. They Mr. WINDOM. ~fr. President-- are specified and named or they could not be employed. N arne one J.Ir. PLmrn. Before the Senator from. Ohio mkes his seat I want to. minecessary officer. If the1-e is one in this long list my honorable friend a k him a question, if the Senator .from Minnesot..'t will allow me. from ~Iissouri [Mr. CockRELL] would have been after him with a l\lr. WINOOl\f. Certainly. sharp stick. Is there an unnecessary officer here? Where, -when, in ~Ir. PLU~IB. The Senator spoke of the disposition of Department- what bureau? · officers to yield to the solicitation of Senatol'S and Representatives. I Mr. PENDLETON. :May I interrupt my collea,

Mr. SHERMAN. There were very few removals made then except the Treasury Depattment who had n-o business the~ or no dU:~ ~ J)er­ ,for.cause. There were some made upon the solicitation of members of form. I will read, myself, from page 323 of the REOORl> of yestel:day's tCongress. I would not go into that particularly, because under any proceedings. It reads in this Wise- ux>litical party I" suppose it woUld be n~ry, from the nuture of l't!r. WILLIAMS. What are you reading from? ~.things, tO yield to applicationS made by members of Congress. I can Mr. McPHERSON. From my own speech. I said: :not say how many were removed. The Senator from Ohio [1\Ir. PENI>LETo~J states that 1,700 employes were em- Mi-. PLU:MB. Was there any considerable number so removed? ployed- :Mr. SHERMAN. There were not very n:i:any removalS made while ''Were employed." He does not statewhen; neither do I intiend or I was there except for cause because that was a "Standing order. If it attempt to qualify his statement- ·was vioiated, it might have ~en done in some cases without my know~- were employed in one Department of t.his Government alone_, when, as I un­ .edge or upon an incorrect statement. I know applications were made derstand his speech, there was no authority of law for it, no auty for tl.i.e-.m \o to inc by Senators and Members. I woUld -not name any one of them. perform. They have only done what I have done myself; and what I am com- There is nothing incorrect, so fur as I can see, about that statement, pelled to do sometimes by the voice of my constituents and by the except a little graminatical inaccuracy...... appeals of charity and necessity. . , . . Now, the Senator froni. Minnesota 'demands ofme a retraction of that I 'do not blame members of Congress for making these applications; statement. What are the facts? The Senator from Ohio affirmed it to they are compelled to do it, because the public mind has been so poi- be true, provided the statement of a certain gentleman ~as true, who soned by this system of appointments that all the people of the country wa.S charged with the inveStigation of~ Department by the then Secre­ ·believe that all they have got to do is to write to their Senator or :Mem- tary of the Treasury; who now occupies a seat oii. this floor (Mr; SliER­ her to get somebody appointed to office. I, like the rest of you, have MAN]. The Senator from Ohio who sits next me [Mr." PENDLETON] trudged up to the Departments begging for office. Sir, I shoUld ·like further charges: to be so forbidden or that pu"9lic sentiment should be so created all over I did not believe it was possible until my honorable colleague rose in hiS place the eountry that they woUld not allow·or request or tolerate .members and admitted the general truth oftlie statement . .Of Congress in interfenng with the executive department of the Govern- Now, let me submit to the honorable Senator from Minnesota, before ..ment in this respect. he undertakes to discipline me- . . Mr. WINDOM:. 1\'Ir. President, I do hot rise for the purpose ofmak- :rt!r. SHERMAN. I admitted the general. trn.th of the statement of ing' a speech on the bill now before the Senate. I have refrained from my colleague that of the 3,400 or 3,500 employes only 1. ~60() were spe­ .sa.ying anyi;liing about it for ·the reason that I am in fa.vor of the bill cifically appropriated for by law by descrj:ption. That iS the state~ent. subst:i.ntfully as reported fronf t-he committee, and I much prefer to have Mr. McPHE.RSON. Very well. Then there are 1, 700 ~mployes in .a vote upon it to making-a·speecb. . theTreasuryDepartnientwhoarenotspecificallyauthorize4 to be"placed :My purpose how in asking the attention of the Senate for a moment there by law, no appropriation in any general appropriation bill being is t6 confirm froin my oWn.-observation and experiehce the statements made for them. m.:iae by the SenatQr from"Ohio [)Ir. SHERMAN], which I believe to be Mr. SHERMAN. They are authorized by generalappropiiations-- strictly true, so far as the Treasury Department is concerned. I have The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HAlmiS in the chair). Does the lheard a great many very broad charges made against theExecutiveDe- Sen~tor from New Jersey yield to intertuption? ·partments in the speecnes by gentlemen on the other side of the Cham- . Mr. McPHERSON. I yield to eyerybody. . ,. .. · ber, but I was amazed when I 1-ead in the morni.):lgpapers the statement Mr. SHERMAN. They are authorized . by genetal, ap}>t;9priations made bytheSenatorfromNew Jersey [Mr. McPHERSON]. WhenSena- for a. particular branch of the service, and as a matter of coUrse they tors confine themselves to such statements as that made by "the Senator are employed under authority of that general appro.Pria~ioii. from Indiana[~. VOORHEES], to wit, thattheDepartm.ents are reek- :rt:Ir. McPHERSON. Under the Treasury Department? ing-with corruption, it is simply the ordinary Democratic declamation, 1\Ir. SHERMAl.~. Under the ~'l:easury I)epmtm(mt. _ .and nobody cares anything ·about it, or pays any attention to it. I Mr. McPHERSON. And the Bureau of Engraving and Printing is hould be very glad, however, if the Senator from Indiana, or any other a part of the Treasury Department? .Senatorwhomakes those broad declarations, wotildspecificallypointout M1·. SHERMAN. Yes, sir. . . · ' .some ofthat corruption with which the Departments reek. Mr. McPHERSON. But if the statement of 1\Ir. Gra-ves is true, five I I 'am in favor of improving the mode of appointment, but at the same hundred of the nine hundred employed there were entirely ~ltiss. 'time I do not believe the statements that the Departments are reeking Mr. SHERMAN. That was five or six years ago1 when: the force of with coiTUption. I believe we have to-day as good a civil service as the the bureau was being re(luced by the Department itself; but the Sena­ .country has ever had. I believe that the records of the Departments tor from New Jersey referred to 1, 700 persons who are now employed "Will show that during the last ten years the losses by reason of dis- without anything to do. . "honesty or defalcation in the Departments have been Jess than in any :rt!r. McPHERSON. Show me the authority for that statement. .other period of the Government. At the same time I do recognize the Mr. SHERMAN. Here it is. fact that there ought to be an improvement in the mode of making ap- Mr. :rticPHERSON. In any speech of mine? pointments, and I am for this bill, because I think it will improve it. Mr. SHERMAN. Here it is in the morning papers. · I said I was amazed at the statement made by the Senator from New 1\Ir. WINDOM. I will read it to the Senator from the RECORD, with ..Jersey. I know he doesnotintendtomisrepresentthe facts, butastate- the permission of the Senator from Ohio: :ment-has gone to the country, and will be published perhaps in every The Senator from Ohio. st-ates that 1,700 employes were eJ)lploy~d in one De­ newspaper in the land, that in the Treasury Department alone there are partment of this Government alone, when, as I understand his speech, there 1, 700 employes who have nothing to do, and it goes out upon the credit was no duty whatever for them to perform . .Qf as honorable a Senator as the Senator from New Jersey; professing to Mr. SHERJ.\IAN. That is it; that is the point. vote with the Senator from Ohio, who has charge of this bill [1\Ir. PEN- l\1r. McPHERSON. Very well. Then I ask if the natural deduc- t.DLETON]. tibn from his speech, from the beginning to the end and the admission I am glad the Senator from Ohio [Mr. SHElillAN] has exploded that made by his colleagueisnotsufficientevidencetogo b;;forethe co11ntry? smtement. There is absolutely in my judgment no truth in it. I know I do not state that there are 1, 700 employ~ now irl the Trea.sury De­ :the Senator from New Jersey was misled. He, perhaps, read or listened partment unemployed. What I said was upon the statement of the omewhat inattentively to the remarks of the Senator from Ohio [Mr. Senator from Ohio who sits nearest me. . PENDLETON], but it is not less the fact that this st::J.tement has gone 1tir. WINDOl\I. Will the Senator yield to me, as he ·says he yields broadcast over the land and will be quoted everywhere upon the faith to everybody, right at that point? · given those two Senators. 1tir. MQPHERSON. I will. Now, I think it is due from the Senator from New Jersey, un.less he :rt!r. WINDOM. I will read the sentence which follows the one I .has some evidence to show the truth of that statement, that he shoUld have just read. Aft.erstatingthatthere were 1, 700thus employed who say he misunderstood the Senator from Ohio [Mr. PE-.1iDLETON], who had nothing to do, the Senator from New Jersey said:· rha.c:; already disclaimed it. It will not do to wander off in these side What the people demand is the lopping oft" all such useless and needless ex­ issues, such as hav-e been suggested, in answer to the Senator from penditures of money in the employment of men and women in the Departments ()hio [MJ:. SHERMAN], for there ic:; the direct :md positive statement of the Government who simply hold sinecures. made upon thefaithoftheSenatorfromOhio [Mr. PID."'"DLETON], quoted Did he mean to say that the people demand .that that shoUld have .apparently from him, that 1,700 men are to-day emplQyed in that De- been done six years ago or now? He say8the people demand it, in partment who have nothing to do. · · the present tense, and he gave the country to understand, whether he I rose for the purpose of calling attention specifically to t-hnt one ' meant ·to or not, that that was the condition of t~gs to-day; and the thing, and I trust that the Senator from New Jersey will either bring newspapers reporting him this morning do so report hitn; and it was the proof of it to the Senate, or that he will candidly admit before the so understood by the Associated Press. .country that he was :mistaken. · ·Mr. McPHERSON. I have never in my life witnesSed a harder strug- Alr. 1\fcPHERSON. ?11r. President, I rise specifically for the purpose gle than that made by our friends upon t~e other side ~f the Chamber .()(replying tQ the Senator from Minnesota [-air. WISDOM]. I shoUld to vindicate and make aypearwholesome to the people of this country like to have the SeD.r.'ltor read from any speech of mine upon the floor of their extravagances in the past. There is oile thing' though, thank.God, lthe Senate where I ha:e asserted that there were 1, 700 employes now in the last election has told th~ agent of the'people of this coub.try; that, be , 366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECE)IBER' 16,. the man a President, a. Cabinet minister, a. Senator, or a Representative, Mr. McPHERSON. I still ron not understand what the Senato:r­ I care not how high or how low his degree, who shall undertake to con­ from Ohio is trying to get at. I must confess I am >ery obtuse. He tinue the present antl the past system of conuption and extravagance wishes me to withdraw the statement in which he say I had misrepre­ in public office, that man will have to suffer for it before the people. sented hiscoll6aorrue, when I donotunderstand thathiscollcague m.akes. I want to ask the Senator from Minnesota if there has been any re­ any such charge whatever. I find, and I think I ha>o already stated, duction in the amount of appropriations for the Treasury, Department that his colleague did make the statement that there were five hundred for the running expen.ses of that Department? employes or more who were entirely useless, and this statement was.. Mr. WINDOM. At wmt time? based upon the report of Mr. Graves. I find still furth01· that- Mr. McPHERSON. I understand the Senator from Ohio declares In one division a sort of platform had been built underneath the iron roof.. that it was true or was substantially true that in 1877 there were 1, 700 about seven feet above the floor, to accommodate the surplus counters. employes who were of no particular use there. Whether that refers to the :fi.>e hundred or not·I do not know. J.Ir. SHERMAN. I never said that. It appeared that the room was of ample size without this contrivance for a ll' Mr. McPHERSON. I leave the denial as I found it. the persons really needed. In another division were found tweuty me...~ngers- ~Ir. WINDOM. I should like to-clinch that remark to the Senator. doing work which it was •ound could be done by one, &c. · Mr: McPHERSON. Is it necessary to repeat? It is not any great If I had stated that there were to-day, and did not know it to be a relief. fact, 1,700 useless employes in the Trea.sury Department, I should of' :Mr. WINDOM. I have not seen it. course recall the statement . I have stated upon the authority of the­ Ur. McPHERSON. Thirty-four hundred employes of the Depart­ senior Senator from Ohio [Mr. PE:YDLl!..'TON] that at one time t.here ment, 1,600 ofthemprovidedforin the appropriation bill by law, 1,700 were so many there; and the Senator from Ohio [M1·. SIIERMAN] who, not provided for, according to the statement of the Senator from Ohio sits furthest from me admitted the :£.1.ct. I do not know what I have· nearest me. got to take back. Mr. WINDO~f. Does it follow that those 1, 708 now ha.ve nothing "?llr. WINDOM. Will the Senator allow me to ask him a. question?· to do, when millions are appropriated in a general fund for carrying on I wish to ask the Senator from New Jersey whether be wants the coun­ the work of the Printing Bureau? try to understand that he believes there are to-day 1, 700 persons em-· :Mr. McPHERSON. I have no objection to an interruption except ployed in the Treasury Department who have nothing to do? · while I am in the middle of a sentence. l\Ir. McPITERSO:N. I will not say that there ru:e 1, 700 such persons Mr. WINDOM. The Senator asked me a question, and I was trying now employed, but I do say there are a large number employed not­ to answer him. appropriated for by law. No appropriations arc made by law specific­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Jersey is en­ ally for a large number of people to-day employed in the Treasury De­ titled to the floor, and the Chair must ask the Senator entitled to the partment. I say it is a fraud upon the people and the tax-payers. floor if he is willing to be interrupted? Mr. WINDOM. Let me ask the Senator ifwhen Congress appro­ J.£r. WINDOM. I was right in asking the question. priates $1,000,000 for the Printing Bureau and the law authorizes the Mr. McPHERSON. The Senator from Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] ad­ appointment of men to do that work, they are not employed according mits, according to his colleague [Mr. PE:sDLETO:N], thesubstantial truth to law? of the statement. Now I want to ask a question. The people of this Mr. McPHERSON. What should be done-- oountry, the tax-payers of this country, naturally inquire what reform 1\Ir. WINDO.U. I should like to have the Senator answer my ques­ has been made with thatadmitted condition of affairs. We turn tothe tion, and then I will answer any question he may choose to put to me. appropriation bills and we find an amount of appropriation not only M:r. McPHERSON. That is be.g.,aing the question. equal but in excess of that under which these abuses took place. Mr. WINDOM. Not at all. Does the Senator know of any who are I wish to ask either of those Senators, both of whom ha>e been dis­ there not employed by law? tinguished Secretaries of the Treasury, if during the war and the period :Mr. McPHERSON. What I mean by being employed by law is that subsequent to the war, from 1870 to 1876 or 1877, the period at which the Secretary of the Treasury shall report to Congress the number of the honorable Senator from Ohio I believe took his po ition as Secretary employes needed in his Department, and shall ask for an appropriation of the Treasury, at a time when large amounts of bonds were being specifically for the pirrpose. printed, when the business ofthe Treasury Department was greater than :Mr. WINDOM. What does the Senator want the country to under­ ever before, and certa.inly greater than there :bas been any necessity for stand when he says there is no duty for them to perform? Does he sinceLif there is any necessity now for an increase of appropriations for mean there are any there now who have no duty to perform? that Department? The people of this country are fully justified in say­ l\Ir. McPHERSON. I have not made any such charge. I simply ing that the abuses which eXisted then under the large appropriations repeated the sta.tement of the Senator from Okio [Mr. PENDLETON],in exist to-day under still larger ones-with less duty. That is the full an­ his speech. swer to it. ~Ir. WINDOM. So the Senator then does not state upon his own re­ ?III. SHERMAN. My coll~rrue only made one specific allegation of sponsibility that there are any such at all in the Treasury Department? abuse in the Treasury Department, and that was that the Secretary of 1\Ir. McPHERSON. I state upon my own responSibility that I be­ the Treasury took money appropriated for high-priced clerks and divided lieve, and the country believes, that there are a large number of em­ i~ up and employed a greater number of'sma,ll class clerks. Here is the ployes in the ~'l:easury Department and every other Department of law, passed by a Democra.ticHouseofRepreseiitatives, which expressly this Government who m:c useless and unnecessary. They a.re an ex­ gives that power. pense upon the people; it is a fraud and a deception upon them. '.Che That. whenevert in the judgment of the head of any Department, the duties mon~ is taken from the tax-payers and put into the public Treaslll"! assigned to a clerK of one class can be as well performed by a clerk of a lower and ~wn out without any especial warrant of law, far as the public­ class, or by a female clerk, it shall be lawful for him to diminish the number of so clerks of the higher grade and increase the number of the clerks of the lower know anything about it, for unnecessary employes. grade within the limit of the total appropriation ~or such clerical service. 1\Ir. WINDOM. Has the Senator given the Appropriations Commit­ That was the law until upon the application of the Department it tee any information on that subject during the last two or three sessioJlB. was repealed, and what is called the temporary roll was prohibited. since he has known the fact? The Appropriations Committee have been As to the remark made by the Senator from New Jersey, I think investigating the question carefully to know whether these employes between .ourselves as Senators he ought to withdraw that part of his were needed or not. The Senato1· says he knows they are not needed. remark in which he said that 1,700 people who were not specifica:lly Has he given that information to the Appropriations Committee or t() appropriated for. are not performing any useful duty. Let him go up anybody else? to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and see the kind of dutres Ur. McPHER ON. Isuppo etheAppropriationsCommitteearesuf­ that about 1,000 of them are performing. He ought to withdraw that ficiently able to look after such matters, and I think sufficiently zea.lom .. statement, for the1·e is no ground for it. He no doubt misunderstood I think they ought to investiaate these subjects. ' my collffiorrue, and, like the story of the tpree black crows, one leaped 1\Ir. WIND0::\1. Does the •'enator know of one employ6 in any De­ on to another. The newspapers did not correctly report the Senator partment who has nothing to do? If so, who is he? from New Jersey, the Senator from New Jersey did not correctly 1·e­ Mr. :McPHERSON. Mr. Pr Rident, thatisapettifoggingwayofdeal-­ port my colleaooue, and my colleague strained the bow a little by not ing ·with a great public question. It ig the argument always in stock. putting in all the facts. I do not think he intentionally deceived, but Mr. WINDO~L I ubmitthatquestion to the country as to whether· undoubtedly the impression created by him by the casual reading of it is pettifogging or ndt. his remarks was that these sixteen or seventeen hundred persons bad Mr . .M PHEI~ OJ . I think ifyou weretotaketho ingenuity of the· nothing or but little to ~o1• or were not employed in a regular way, or devil and filter it through a. lawyer you could not get down to a finer that Congress did not tully assent to authorizing their employment. point than my friend h ::~: s made. There was a cat ih the meal-bag. Everybody here thought that even Mr. WI:ND0~1. Let us see about that. Tho Senator has mad a from what my colleague said there was somethingwrongabout the Sec­ tatement here which the papers throughout the country quote, to the retary of the Treasury employing sixteen or seventeen hundred people effect that 1,700 persons are employed unnecessn.rily. When I pin him in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, &c. It seems to me the whole down to answer that qu ti.on he says he do not say there are 1,70()· thing falls to the ground unless Senators can how that officers who arc but he know _there are :1ln.rge number. We are to legislate >ery SQOn unnecessary are now provided for, or that they are paid an unnecessary to pay these clerk. . When I ru k theScnn.tor if he knows of a single rate, or that an unnecessary number are mployed, or that these per­ person employed in op.e of the Dcpartm nts who has nothing to doJ he­ sons are employed without authority of law, neither of which is true. says it is pettiioggi.nc:r. I submit that question to this country, whelll

, 1882. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 367 the Senator rises in his plooe and says he knows of a large number, and · Mr. SHERMAN. The only complaint I make ofmy collea~e is this, I chaJlenge him to name one and he evades it by saying it is pettifog- that when be said 1, 700 persons were paid who were not specifically ap­ ging· and the country will decide between us on that point. propriated for, be did not admit that they were paid lawfully for scrv- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amendment ices actually rendered. · proposed by the Senator from :Massachusetts to the amendment pro- Mx. PENDLETON. I made no statement in reference to whether posed by the Senator from Iowa. Is the Senate xeady for the question? they w-exe uselessly or not uselessly employed. Mr. PENDLETON. :Mr. President, I do not desire in this debate or Mr. SIIERJ\IAN. Let me explain the use of the word "lapse." colloquy between my colleaoo-ue and the Senator from :l\Iinnesota and "Wherever an officer dies or resigns, his salary for that year lapses, to the Senator from New Jersey to be put in a false position in any respect. use the Treasury phrase, and then the law expressly allows the use of What I said in the Senate the other day I said in reference to pxoofs thatla.psedfund tobaveserviceperformedinhisplace,andthelawwhich that were before the Senate itself. I stated that- I read a moment ago allows two or three persons to be employed whe~ At the last session of Congress, in open Senate, it was stated and proven that the expense can be kept within the limit of the appropriation. The in the Treasury Department in Washington there arc 3,400 employes- use of the lapsed fund was in that way accorgj.ng to law; but it was. Using the term of that day--; , _ utterly insignificant; it would only amount probably to five or ·ten and that of this number the employment of less thart 1,600 is authorized by law thousand dollars in the course of a month or two or three months, as and appropriations made for their payment, and that more than 1,700 are put such accidents or contingencies arose. Upon reading the statement of on or off the rolls of the Department at the will and pleasure of the Secretary of my colleague to-day for the first time, it does seem to me that he leaves the Treasury, and are paid not out ofappropr_iat~ons made fC!r that purpose, b~t on the mm· d of the """Ual reader the ;""p· ression that these 1,700 per- out of various funds and balances of approprxa.t10ns lapsed rn the Treasury m """' ...... _ one shape or another, which are not by law appropriated to the payment of sons were not paid out of appropriations made according t~ law for­ these employes. , - actual services xendered, and that he creates that impression partly by I do not understand thit the entire accmacy of that statement is introducing the word '' lapsed,'' w hicb is a matter of uttel." indiffer- called. in question-- ence, for every dollar of the money paid to those 1, 700 employes was :Mr. SHERMAN. :Mr. President;-- . appropriated by Congressjusta-s much as our salary, and for that purpose. Mr. PENDLETON. Except as to one ~int. It was appropriated specifically for the printing of the public securities :Mr. SHERMAN. I will bear my colleague. Perhaps his exception and for other branches, and the only difierence between that kind of an will cover the case. appropriation and the appropriation for our salaries is that ours is specific :Mr. PENDLETON. I say that the statement was made here at the and thic;; other appropriation from the nature of it is general, but it js just. last session. I say that it was commented upon -very freely. I say ' a-s legal and just as valid and much more carefully expended, and every that my colleague rose and su9stantially admitting the statement jus- Q.ollar of it is reported to Congress, with all its details; and the pay given tified. it, and so I stated in the speech that I made the other day. My to these employes is probably in no case whatever a thousand dollars. colleague said that it was necessary for the proper management of the a year !nd in most cases about three or four or five hundred dollars a Treasury Depa;rtment, stating very much what he said to-day, and very year, for actual manual mechanical labor performed in the office of the much in the same language, as no doubt the statement being the same Bureau of Engraving and Printing and in other offices. the language would almost necessarily follow. I do not say that these Mr. PENDLETON. I have given to the Senate the authority upon employes are ttseless; I did not say that theY.: were unemployed; I do which I used the term "lapsed appropriations." I submit that I was. not say that they ought not to ba~e been there; I merely ~id that there entirely justified, under this statement as made, in using that tenn, even was in the Treasury Department the number of. 1, 700 men who were if it were not technically and absolutely correct; but I see no reason even­ put on and off the rolls a.t the will of the S~etary of the Treasury, in the statement made by my colleague just now to doubt the entire ac-· and were pa.id not out of specific appropriations made for that purpose. curacy of it; and it was, in the language of the Treasury Department, Mr. SHERMAN. Now, Mr. President-- called a ' lapsed appropriation" and used as such, because this gentle­ Mr. PENDLETON. If my colleague -~ allow me I will yield in a man, who is a man, as my colleaoo-ue well knows, of intelligence and in­ moment. I said that the payment was made out of ''lapsed'' appro- tegrity, says it was hoped the lapsed appropriations, would reach 3.I};( priations. The Senator a ~w minutes ago took exceptions to the word amount which would enable all these persons who were put upon the­ and said there were no '' lapsed '' appropriations. Very well. I read roll to be paid. upon the next page out of the RECORD the authority upon which I got Mr. SHERMAN. My collea,o-ue will remember that the lapsed fund· the statement that they were paid out of ''lapsed" appropriations. I bas nothing to do with the employment of the 1, 700 people, because· see that lli. Graves says here- the lapsed fund is in the Treasury Department, and the lapses are· Mr. EDMUNDS. Who made the first statement you have read? always on ~unt of the salary of some person pointed out QY law, aml Mr. PE...~DLETON. It was mado }lere upon the floor of the Senate that fund bas nothing at all to do with tJ:te 1, 700 persons employed and at the last session. paid out of annual appropriations made by Congress in -bulk. So there- Mr. DAWES. Who made it on the floor? is no connection be~een the two. · Mr. PENDLETON. TbeSenatorfromKentucky [Mr. BECK] called Mr. PENDLETON. Iftbereisanappropriationmadeforoneperson,. attention originally to it, and my colleague replied to b.i.qt. an expert, if you please, a man for a certain office, a person qualified for:- 1\-lr. EDMUNDS. The statement you read just now about what took the discharge of certain duties in the Trea...."'llry Department, and an ap-- place at the last session was made by the Senator from Kentucf\Y? propriation is made for a clerk of that character at $1,800, and three· l\Ir. PENDLETO~. It was made by myself. It was made upon au- persons are put on at $600 each, is not that--- tbority. I was running o"'"er at this session a colloquy that occurred at Mr. SHER1t1AN. That the law exp:resslyauthor~ I read the pro-- the last session, in which my colleaoo-ueand the Senator from Kentucky vision. took part. I do not pretend to quote it in its language. I am giving 1tlr. PENDLETON. I do not say that the law does not expressly. the authority. authorize it in that case, but if the law does expressly authorize it it Mr. EDMUNDS. But you were reading just now about a sk"'.tement applies perhaps to the 1, 700 persons of whom I spoke. made at the last session. Mr. EDMUNDS. They do not bold under that la.w at all. l\ir. PENDLETON. I was. 11Ir. PENDLETON. I do not know what law tliey bold under. I Mr. EDMUNDS. Was that an official statement or the statement of have listened very attentively to what bas been said. I ba.ve no more· a Senator here in deb~te? experience in the Treasury Department than my bonOied friend from Mr. PENDLETON. It was a statement made by a Senator in debate, V e1-mont, and I do not know exactly what law they bold to, but it seems ~ w bo produced an official document and read from it, which I asked him to me though that they bold on to very few laws when it is deemed neces-­ ~ pass over to me, and I read for myself; and my colleague rose and sary to vary them. ~ve his statement in regard to it. Mr. EDMUND . That may be so. If the Senator has any mor Mr. EDl\fUNDS. But unhappily the document did not support the experience than I have, and I rather e~'}>Cet be bas-- statement. Mr. PENDLETON. I have not so much. :Mr. PENDLETO~. Unhappily jt did. ~fr. ED:UUND:S. Some years ago I was a member of a committe Mr. EDMUNDS.· Unhappily it did not. called the Civil ervice and Retrenchment Committee, in the years 18G7 · Mr. PENDLETO~. Unhappily it did support he statement in all and 1 6 , to investigate the Tr~ury Department in all its operations its sub tantial points; and when my colleague or anybody e~ says and performances, and particula{ly the Bureau of Engraving and Printr that I baYe made a mistake-! will not say anything more, because I ing. Therefore I do claim to have some knowledge about the state of· know he would not att-ribute it to an intentional misstatement-when the law and the appropriations of money for these purposes, and if the ­ be says that I used the term ''lapsed'' appropriations and used it wrong- Senator cares to listen to me I will try to explain to him how I under- fully, I choose to go to the statement of Mr. Graves, in which I read: t;.;'tnd it to be. In the endeavor to sati fytbe pressure for place more peoplen.re appointed on As he is not listening, I will state that this bill now under conside:ra- this roll- • tion was in its sub tance and origination the work of that committee That is the ' 'lapsed '' roll- and ·was reported to the House of Representatives by l1r. J enckes-for · than the saJa.ries then lapsing will warrant, in the hope that enough mQre will it was a joint committee then-a member of the Honse of Repre.senta,. lapse before the end of the fiscal yea.r to provide funds for their payment. tivcs, and was concurred in, I am glad to say, by my friend, then tho :Air: SHERMA.L~. Now will my coll~.crue yield? Democratic Senator from Pennsylvania, :?lir. Buckalew. But it i8 dne · Mr. PENDLEWN. Certainly. . to history to add besides that the substance, the fundamental sub5-tancc CONGRESSIONA~ RECORD~SENAfffi .

.:.oftliat bUl, had been: ~troduCed. inro the Seriate ill the year 1864 by repeal very many of the :perman~t - indefinite. appropriations, ·but. the Mr. Sumner, 'tlien a 'Sei:taror from Massachusetts. . ~. . bill is now pending in the HO'use, 'and· the abuse to some extent is going Now, ro eome1 back tO-the point With my friend.from Ohio, if he is on to-day. , . . listening,· the appropriations for the Treasury proper, as it is called, r believe there are six or seven million dollars -expended in th~ cus­ ..ate made for ·so many clerks -Of class 1, of class 2, of class 3, of class 4, tom-houses ev:ery year wit~ out the supervision of Con,gr~ in ~my way. for so many chiefs of bureaus, and all those people, the amount of The ~easury Department to-day may employ surplus persons ,if they whose salaries, but not the· description of whose persons, 18 fixed by la~. see proper to do so, and n~ doubt it has been done, .and the Appropria­ In the Treasury· proper, speaking in that way, a $1,400 clerk dies or~ tions Committee C..'Ul know nothing about. it in any form whatever.. I resigns. It· is neCessary ·to have somebody do th~ work. It is not have just opened fhe Revised Statutes, and I thinkthere are ~bout fifty convenient at that moment to select a permanent clerk ro be regularly such appropriations that are g6ing on from yearroyearwhich Congtess . appointed-illhis place. There being no civil-service law in force which has no supervision over whatever. . , . . · would make some b~~r way than mer~ selection on us· going, up the~e My friend from Ohio [Mr. PENDLETON] wasrightwhenhesaid there . and pre,ssing the ·secretary to put in our ·friends, the Secretary, by was a large number of persons ~n therollswho.werenotappropriated. authority of , law~ -puta one person to do thAt work. . J! he finds that for by Congress, but when he went further andsaiditwaswithoutlaw, 1 that .?he person. f9r want of fo~, five, or ten years' skill ~nd expe~ then. of co.urse I had to disagree with him; because there is a law for it, ness· m that busrn:ess, only gets 1t. half done, then he, puts two men at 1t but it has been very mu~ ab~. so that the public business can go on; and out of the appropriation for 1\U:SSAGE TRE HOUSE. · that clerkship ·and that se~ce - he pays two men .to get the amount of FROM 1 work that he hn.d only to pay O!!e man for when he had a man who , .A message from the:Iioilse of'RepJ:esentativ~; . by1 Mr.'McPREBSON, was skillful, oompetent, and experienced in that business. its Clerk, announced that the House had passed a bill (H. R: 6993) ro Now we go to the Bureau of Engraving ari~ _ Printfug. T~ere the extend the time ·.ro:r claimants to file their claims under .the provisions law does hot provide how many employes them shall be and 1t never of the act of Congress entitled "An a-ct re-establishing the Court of Com­ ·has, but xpakes ~ general· appropriatio~ for printing the. sec~rities, the missioners of Alabama Claims, and for the distributionoftheunappro­ _notes and the bonds, ~&c. ~-of the United States and bank bills, ··and it priated moneys of the Geneva award," approved June 5, 1882; in which proVides that the mon·ey·shall-be expended under the ~ection of the it requested ~he concurrence of the Senate. · . · :. · , Secretary· o:f the 'Treasury. It does pro':ide for a chief~ whatever his The message also announced that the House had passed the ~ill. . {S. naine is, ·as bein~in.. charge of it and two or th;ree .other subordinate of­ 1703.)-to cede to_the first taxing district:ofthe State ofTennesseeaccr­ . fice:rS; but f:he gr~t· body, of the 1, 700 people o~ 900,. as th~y change· all tain lot of land situated in said district. the timejit.st'ns workriren do in an iro:n-mill' according ro the demands . HOUSE BILL REFERRED. - of the market 'and· the .state of the trade, are e:QJ.ployed by the day prao­ ticil.lly, at prices·that the superintendent subject to the appltval of.the ~e bill (H. R. 6993) to extend the time for claiinants to. file their • Secretaty olthe Treasmy· regulates and which he may change subject· c~aims under the proYisio~ of' !he-act of Con~ entitl~ ~'An_ ~ i-e­ ro that approval. . ' establishj,ng the Court of Co~ioners ofAlabama. Claims and foD the So it is impossible that. any ·number, 'if there are 10,000, can be distribution of. the unappropriated :mOneys·. of the used his trl:l:St by employmg too many, if he has, ought to ator from Kentucky [M):. BECK] ." I should vote nay." ·be dealt with, that is another question. Mr. VEST (when Mr. PuGH's name was called). The Senarorfrom Mr. DAVIS, of ,West Virgfuia. I was about to state in part what Alabama [Mr. Pl.;GH] is paited with the Senator from Indiana [Mr. t:he Senator from Vermont has just stated. ·1 wish the nttent.ionofthe HARRISON] . • . Senator from Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] :for a moment. The employes in Mr. CAMEROX , ofWisconsin (when Mr. S.A WYER's name was called). the Bureau of Engraving and Printing,· as I understand, were very My colleague [Mr. SAWYER] is ne~rilyabsent fromhisseatto-day. numerous about the time he was made &cretary of the Trea ury, and He is paired with the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. CAMDEN]. · he appointed to the head of the bmeau a gentlen:um now on the other The roll-caJl was concluded. • . side of the Capitol, who made great reductions, probably of several hun­ Mr. VANCE (after hn.ving voted in the affirmative). I withdraw my . dred employes. It was found at once that there were more employes vote; I am paired with the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. VANWYCK]. - there than were necessary. How were they paid? I want to say to 1111·. BROWN (after having voted in the affirmative). As this ques­ my friend from Ohio [l!ir. PENDLETON] that they were paid out of tion seems to have assumed. a party sha~, I ~hdmw my vote. I am wha,t are termed the permanent annual or indefinite appropriations, paired with the Senator from Louisi.ana [Mr. KELLO~]. ~ such as 1 percent. for printing and selling J>onds, &c. They were paid Mr. . MILLER, of California (after having vo1ed in the negative). As · out of that fund. It was by law, but at the sn.me time, aa the Senar the vote seems to have divided on party lines, I beg to withdraw my ;· tor 'from V erinont has said it may be, it was greatly abused, for when a vote. I am paired with my colleague [Mr. FARL~]. · . reorganization of 'that b'ureau took place, a8 the Senator from Ohio [Mr. The result was annollllced-yeas 23, nays 27; as follows: PENDLETON] has just said, there were found· to be six or ~ven hun­ . dred surplus people there who had no employment properly and could YE.AS-23. Barrow, Garland, . Jones of Florida, Saulsbury, ~ be done without, for they were dismissed. Bayard, George, Lamar, Vest, Mr. SHERMAN. That 1 per cent. provision was repealed at there- Call, Gorman, McPherson, Voorhees, ;, quest of the Treasury Department, and a specific appropriation made. Cockrell, Harris, Maxey, Walker, for the purpose; and of the $600,000 that was saved in the first year one­ Coke, Jackson, Pendleton, Williams. Da"'is ofW. Va., Jonas, Ra~m, half of that sum was appropriated for the building which the bureau now occupies. A large number at that time was necessary, and were NAYB-27. Aldrich, Conger, Logan, Platt, .. employed, it might be said, because at' that time they wer~ engaged in Allison, Dawes, 1\lcDill, Plumb, printing fractional cunency, which ceased about the time mentioned, Anthony, Edmunds, McMillan, Rollins, when :Mr. Graves,was put on the commission and the work fell off. Blair, Frye Mahone Saunders, . Cameron of Pa., Hawfey, Mille~ of N. Y., Sherman, Ur. DAVIS, ofWest Vrrginia. I recollectthecircum.Sta.ncewell that Cameron of Wis., Hoar, 1\fitchell, 'Windom. the Committee on' Appropriations even· were astonished to see that five Chilcott, Lapham, Morrill, ~ hundred or six hundred people could be dispensed with almost instantly .ABSENT-26. · in one bureau, and it Was a general rema1·k all over the country, how Beck, Ferry, Ingalls: Sawyer, ....-could that be, when the'appropriationswere madeannuallyby the Ap- Brown1 Groome, Johnston, · Sewell, propriations Committee? My friend from .1\Iinnesota [Mr. WINDOM] Butler, Grover, Jones of.~evada, Slater, Camden, Hale, Kellogg, Vance was probably then chairman of that committee, though I do not.recollect Davis of Dl., Hampton, Miller of Cal., Van 'Vyck. · actually whetner'he was at that time. The whole subject was looked Fair, Hamson, '1\Iorga.n, · into and the.Appropria.tion8Comniittee hadnotliingtodo with it what­ Farley, Hill, Pugh, . -ever. The money was paid out of tlie permanent annual appropri..'itions, So the Senate refused to adjourn. · of which there werQ then fifty on the sta~te-book, and many of them Mr. COCKRELL. Mr. President, I simply d.esil'e . to s..'ly to ·the ~ ha>e been since repealed At the ~ a t Congress and at the last session country, as the country doubtless 1."llows, tllat this Senate is the same · the Senator from Ohio, tl1e fvrmer Secretary of the Treusmy [ttfr. SHER­ Senate that convened in session here a ycar.'ago in December, precisely : UA ~- J , aided the Committee on Appropriations in· preparing a bill to the same body. · I can see no physical change in the membership ofthis \ 1882. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SEN.ATE. 369 body; I do not see that they are any holier or any purer or any more lli. LOGAN. My friend is one of the best-natured men in the Sen­ patriotic; but they are parading themselves before the country in a false, ate, and if he will allow me I will tell him why we adjourned so early assumed light and garb. They refuse to adjourn at after .5 o'clock. . I in the last session at the beginning~ It was to fix up matters so that propose now to read the proceedings of the last session, and show how we could turn your man out of the chair andputours in; that was all. this same, identical Senate acted in regard to adjournments, how they [Laughter]. then paraded themselves before the eountry, and what kind of reform­ Mr. COCKRELL. 'Veil, we will go on a little further. I . ers tkey were; and at the head of them the pope of the Senate, the dis­ Mr. LOGAN. That is just what we were doing at that time. · tinguished Senator from Vermont (l'tir. EDMUNDS]. Mr. COCKRELL. No, this was at the regular session. That thing I now read from the proceedings of the Senateon thefust day of the was done away back at the called session in the fall of last year. We 1 last session of this Congress~ on Monday, December 5, 1881: had that bantling at the called session after Garfield's death, but this is On motion by 1\Ir. E~MUNDS (at q o'clock and 10 minutes p. m .) , the Senate ad- the regular session that I am now referring to. journed. · Mr. LOGAN. I thought you were reading from the record of that That Senator cannot let the.Senateadjoum now at 5 o'clock on Sat­ session. mday evening. That was the same GEORGE F. EDMUNDS who is now Mr. COCKRELL. No, this is the r~t,oular session after the consum­ present in the Senate. (Laughter.] That is the first day's proceed­ mation of the Mahone-Garfield-Arthur understanding, after that was ings. Now, I will go on to the next day's proceedings. all consummated and everything carried into effect. Now I will go on l'tlr. HAWLEY. l'tlr. President, what is the issue before the Senate? and see what the next day's Journal says. Here comes another re- · Mr. COCKRELL. Civil service. former on the third day of the session. · The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amendment of On motion by 1\Ir. ·1\IORRILL- the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. HoAR] to the amendment of the JUSTIN S. MORRILL, the distinguished colleague of the Senator from Senator from Iowa (Mr. ALLISON]. Vermont-- Mr. COCKRELL. The amendment of the Senator from Massachu- at 1 o'cl~k and 45 minutes p. m., the Senate adjourned. setts on this civil-service bill. (Laughter.] r Just one hour and forty-five minutes then:­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Missoi:ni. is in order. Mr. LOGAN. They got tired briefly. · Mr. COCKRELL. Certainly I am. I am trying to help our friends Mr. COCKRELL. Yes, they did get tired briefly. Now I come to over there reform the civil servioo that they•have made for the last twenty the next day; that was Thursday. years, the civil service that they have prostituted, thecivilservicethat Mr. LOGAN. We adjourned to Monday then, I think. · they have professed a willingness to reform ever since 1868 when they Mr. COCKRELL. I want to get at who offered that motion; another received it with its corruptions and impurities, as they said, from Andy reform~r: Johnson, and they say it is worse to-day than it has ever been. On motion by 1\Ir. CAMERON, of Pennsylvania, Now, at 5 o'clock, in order that we may give them a little opportu­ Ordered, That when the Senate adjourn it be to 1\Ionday next. nity of sleepin_g over the consideration of these vital questions, we move - That was on Thursday; and that mo-qon 'fas carried by a Republi~ to adjourn, and they are so devotedly attached to civil service that they Senate. · . cannot permit the Senatetoadjo~ at this hour-these same Senators Mr. LOGAl'{. It was unanimous, was it not? who last session, when the civil-service reform was just as important as l'tlr. COCKRELL. Unanimous, yes. Then at 3 o'clock and ~0 min­ it is now, were willing to adjourn at 1 or 2 or 3 o'clock daily for a month. utes p. m. on that day, on motion by the Senator from Kentucky, the Perhaps something had not been heard then which has been since. Senate adjourned. On Thursday evening at 3.20 it adjourned over to Perhaps the Senator from Vermont, w)lo movxa to adjourn at 3 o'clock Monday. · on the first day of our session and Clln not let us adjourn now at 5 l'tir. EDMUNDS. "what Republican made that motion? o'clock, has heard of something since then. . l'tir. COCKRELL. That was a Democratic Senator, but he is not a Mr. EDMUNDS. I am hearing of something now. [Laughter]. reformer. lli. COCKRELL. I know you are. I see that what I read was l'th'. EDMUNDS. I should think not. , from the second .day's proceedings. The first, day's proceedings ended Mr. COCKRELL. · No, he has made no professions about it. He is thus: a plain, practical, stTaightforward business Senator. He.is not making On motion by :Mr. Emru~"'Ds (at 2 o' clock and 35 minutes p.m.), the Senate ad­ any of these professions and pretensions. Now I will come to the sec­ journed. ond Monday. l'tlr. EDMUNDS. It grew worse and worse. l'th-. LOGAN. That was not BECK, I know. [Laughter]. Mr. COCKRELL. Now we go to tlie second-day. I ~:ead the second l'th·. EDMmTDS. That wa-s WILLIAMS, evidently. (Laughter] day before for the first day. This is the fhst day I ha\e just read. Mr. COCKRELL. And here comes another reformer. Then on the seconq day- On motion byl\lr. ALLISON- On motion by 1\Ir. ED:Ml;l\""D (at 3 o'clock and 10 minutes p.m.), the Senate ad­ The distinguished Senator from Iowa- journed. at 2 o'clock-and 45 minutes p.m., the Senate adjourned. Mr. EDMUNDS. That was a reform. With all this civil £ervice pending before us-- - Mr. COCKRELL. He was a reformer then. He would not let us M:r. EDUUNDS. Had l\!1:. PENDLETON reported the bill n.t taat. stay in session over two or three hours. Now I go on to the next day. time? lli. CAMERON, of Wisconsin. Who voted against that? l'tlr. COCKRELL. The bill had been introduced; the committee had :Mr. COCKRELL. Why, it was unanimous ~ . it ; they had not reported it, but it h..'ld been here. This is only a re­ lllr. CAMERON, ofW:isConsin. Oh! [Laught~r.] hash of what has occurred here, as the Senator knows, for the last fif­ Mr. COCKRELL. Yes, it was unanimous. The Republicans con­ teen years. It could have been taken up at any time. trolled the Senate then as they control it now. They moved to adjourn• Mr. EDMUNDS. Tha.t explains exactly why we were so unanimous at 2 o'clock and 3 o'clock. We knew that they did JlOt int~nd to do in adjourning. We wished to give the Senator from Ohio and his friends anything, as we know now. The country knows that this is a profes­ an opportunity to get the bill in so that we could act upon it. sion and no real purpose. The country knows- that this bill that is lli. COCKRELL. Very well; I am willing you should place it on sought to be forced upon us has nothing in it. that ground and go before the country on that ground. Now go to the Mr. CAMERON, of Wisconsin. What I want to get .at is whet.her next day, Tuesday, December 13. Here is the reformer of reformers: or not you voted against the motion made to adjourn? On mot.ion of Mr. HoAR­ Mr. COCKRELL. Certainly not. There was no yea-and-nay vote. I am not voting against it now either. I am just simply bringing before Of Massachusetts- the country and to the knowledge of the country this hypocrisy and at 3 o'clock and 45 minutes p. m., the Senate adjourned. cant about reform and industry and labor and a desire to dispose of the Now I come toWednesday,.J)ecember 14. Then another plain, prac­ business of the country. We have been at it ever since we met here on tical Democratic Senator moved at 3. 30 o'clock to ad.j oum the Senate-­ the first day as if every one of us had got a switching from our constitu­ the Senator in the chair now, the Senator from Tennessee[Mr. HARRIS], ents last fall. We have been acting like a parcelofverynaughty,.bad, and the Senate adjourned. · mean children who had done some bad, naughty tricks and had been taken Next we come to the second Thursday in December. Here comes up and been well switched for it ; and we come here now and how we the old pope again. [Laughter.] do parade ourselves as genuine reformers, as workers, as men who can On motion by 1\Ir. Emnnms, at 3 o'clock and 15 minutes p. m. the Senate ad­ not adjourn on Saturday evening in the second week of the session at 5 journed. o'clock. We must pass this vital, important civil-service measure that Now it is 5, and he will not adjourn. · has been up before Congress ever since 1864, I believe the Senator from On the next day, Friday, there was a motion made to adjourn over to Vermont said. All the time during those long years when the Repub­ l'tfonday. I have not got the name of that reformer, but I will get it in a licans had two-thirds majority in the Sena.te and had a Republican minute. [ExaminingtheJournal.] Oh, thiswasnotareformer. This President the same measure was before them. Why did not the Senate was the distinguished Senatorfrom North Carolina [Mi-. RANSOM]. On then prevent adjournment? Why did they not do it the last session? I his motion ' ' it was ordered that when the Senate adjourn it be to Mon­ think the castigation tlmt some of them got last fall has helped to make day," but there were no yeas and nays. The Senator from Vermont did them very industrious. not call for the yeas and nays on that motion. The Senate adjourned. XIV-24 370 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 16,

from Friday until11loJ?.day. And now on whose motion can the Senator The PRFBID1NG OFFICER. The question is on the motion of the gn~the adjournment was made on that day, it being from Friday over Senator from Ohio [Mr. PENDLETON]. ·to Monday? It was the ~hed Senator from Ohio on the Repub­ The question being put, the Chair declared that the noes a (at 2 o'clock and 2.) minutes p. m.), the Senate Mr. COCKRELL called for the yeas and nays; and they were ordered. sdjourned. The Acting Secretary proceeded to call the roll. To Monday. And now that same Senator on the econd Saturday at Mr. BROWN (when his name was called). On this question I am . past 5 o'clock votes aoaainst an adjournment. A year before he got this paired with the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. KELLOGG] . switching he would move on Friday at 2. 25 o'clock, the second Friday MI. ROLLINS (when Mr. PLUMB's name was called). The Senator of the sessioa, to adjourn over to l\Ionday, and the great Senator from from Kansas [Mr.· PLUMB] is paired with the Senator from South Caro­ Vermont would not protest aga.inst it. He just yielded quietly, tamely, lina [Mr. BuTLER]. The Senator from Maine (Ur. HALE] is paired and peaeeably. with the Senator from Kentuck"Y [Mr. BECK]. Mr. President, I think this is instructive. I think it will be interest­ Mr. SAUNDERS (when his name was called). On this question I ing to the people of the country to read. I think it will compare well am paired with the Senator from Florida [Mr. JoNES]. If he were with what we have been doing since we met here. I think the people here, I should vote "nay." will underst.ruld it. What I have read is only what has occurred at the 1\Ir. VANCE (whenhisnamewascalled). I am paired with the Sena­ ~oinning of every session of Congress since the 4th of l\Iarch, 1875, when tor from Nebraska (Mr. V .L~ WYCK]. If he were present, I should I became a member, whether the Senate was Democratic or whether vote ''yea.'' the-Senate was Republican; and you are the same Senators who have 1\Ir. WILLIA.l\IS {when his name was called). I am paired with the done these things before. tple people know this well, and they know Senator from Michigan [Mr. FERRY] on party questions, and as this there is something the matter with you now ; they know something has seems to assume that chara-cter, I shall refrain from voting. occurred that has made you different from what you have been hereto­ The roll-call was concluded. fore. Ut·. MILLER, of California. ·I announce my pair with my colleague The great question iswhetheritisasham, or whether it is areal, gen­ [1\~·. FARLEY]. uine, heartfelt repentance. The Senator from Delaware [Mr. SAULS­ Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia. I wish to announce now, once for all, 'BURY] asks my opinion about it. I do not think that I ought to be that my colleague [Mr. CAMDEN] is paired with the Senator from Wis­ called on to give it. I think the people can give an opinion on that consin [Mr. SAWYER]. question better than I can. I simply want them to look back and see The result was announced-yeas 21, nays 25; as follows: what we have done and how we have acted in the pa t, and bring to YEAS-21. <>urselves a realizing sense that the country knows all about this, and Barrow, Garland, Lamar, Vest. the country knows why we are holding these extraordinary essions Bayard, George, :McPherson, Voorhees, ever since we met here on the first Monday in December. The country Call, Gorman, Maxey, Walker. Cockrell, Harris, Pendleton, understands it perfectly. The intelligent, reading, thinking people of Coke, Jackson, Ransom, this country know that there has been no conversion of the Senator Do.visofW. Vo.., Jonas, Saulsbury, from Vermont; he ~ the same identical man, spiritually and physic­ NAYS-25. ally, that he was before. There has been no conversion of the Senator Aldrich, Conger, Logan, Pla~t. from Ohio. . There· has been no conversion of the Senator from Con­ Allison, Dawes, McDill, . Rollins, necticut. They are the same identical men who have been he1·e in Con­ Anthony, Edmunis, McMillan, Sherman, Blair, Frye, Mahone, Windom. gress time whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary, Cameron of Pa., Hawley, Miller ofN. Y., and they have always heretofore acted precisely as this record that I Cameron of Wis., Hoar, Mitchell, have read shows all the time up to the beginning of this session. Chilcott, Lapham, Morrill, Now, why is it that we are acting so differently? . What bas caused ABSENT-aQ. . us· to ~ so indefatigable in our labors that we can not come here and Beck, G!"oome, Jones of Florida, Sawyer, work from 12 o'clock until5 o'clock assiduously upon a bill, in the early Brown, Grover, Jones ofNevB

1882. CONGRESSION:AL RECORD-· . SENATE. ·371 executive session b~use I thought the time for further attention t{) least disPose of the pending amendment, and the amendment to it; and parliamentary business of any kind to-day had passed. We came here if the Senator from Uassachusetts withdrew his amendment there would this morning, at least n. good many, at 10 o'clock to attend to committee be nothing pending before us but the amendment of the Senator from business; I was among them, and I have been in attendance unbroken Iowa, and to press action on that to-night is what I thought of doing, upon the sessions of the Senate from 12 o'clock until now. If it be as far as I am concerned individually. I am not responsible for the necessary to continue the business of the Senate, however inconvenient management of the matter; in point of etiquette the Senator from OhiO> it may be, I am ready to stay. If there is any reason why this sitting is. There would be only that one thing I would press for action on, and should he prolonged especially, and that reason shall be stated, Iamper­ I thought we might do that. Therefore I opposed an adjournment;: fudly willing to submit to it; but I do not choose that by any maneuver but now if Senators desire to debate that question-- or by anyresultapparen~lyofvotesthere should-be any misunderstand­ Mr. COCKRELL. Does the Senator have any expectation on earth. ing either in the Senate or in the country as to the condition of the of passing this bill to-night? business at the time this dilatory voting occurred. 1\Ir. ITA WLEY. I do not, I confess. The question before the Senate was the bill to reform the civil en­ 1t!r. COCKRELL. Then you just simply wanted to get. one out oi ice. It ha.s been debated for two or three days with some interruptions, twenty amendments voted on. Howmuchwouldthatadvancethe bill? and the adjournments ha>e taken place at quite a late hour on almost ::rt!r. HAWLEY The Senator had better wait till I get through. I every day. I think we adjourned last evening nearer6than 5 o'clock, can-- and so on all the evenings throughout the consideration of the bill. . Mr. . COCKRELL. I asked a question. Answer it or not as you This is Saturday, a day unusual for sittings at all at this period of the choose. Sena.te's session, and we have sat now until nearly 6 o'clock. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Connecticut is en­ Is it sought to be inferred or to be implied by a party vote that we titled to the floor, and Senators will address the Chair and allow the· witness now in the Senate, that suddenly the measure of my friend Chair to ask whether the Senator on the floor yields. from Ohio, with whicll he has been intrusted by the Committee on l'IIr. HAWLEY. I saidyesterday, and I repeat, that I did-notdesire· Civil Service Reform, ha been taken close to the hearts and bosoms of to join in any undue pressure for concluding this bill, but I said yes­ but one side of the Chamber and sought to be avoided by the other? terday I hoped we should make some decisive progress to-day. I say Beeause if that is sought to be shown I propose to prove it to be a mere now thaipny motive in demying an adjournment was that w-e should at sham and pretense. I am glad to say the party lines have been broken least be able. to say there had been one vote to-day upon one out of" in the expression of opinion in this Chamber upon this subject, and twenty ,imendfuents. that there is no other way of dealing with this subject, in th~ way of ::rtlr. MAXEY.'. Will the Senator allow me to ask if it ever ha been: reform, unless there shall be an obliteration of party lines, as the Sen­ usual in this· ·body when a Senator in charge of a bill from a commit­ ate is now composed. Speeches have been made to-day on either side tee, at a late ho~ of the day's session, asked an adjournment, that the of the Chamber by gentlemen eminent in the ranks of both parties, in friends ·of the measure voted down that Senator's motion? · very vigorous denunciation, holding up either to absolute scorn the l\fr. HAWLEY. I think a precedent for anything known to hu­ whole measure or intensely ridiculing it. Again, there have been utter­ manity can·be found in the records of the Sepate; I do not know the ances, conspicuously as it seems to me, by the Senator from Florida whole history of it, especiaJly on n. matter of that sort; but I do not [Mr. .JoNES], of a wide and broadandstatesmanlike character in regard desire to 8ee this thing degenerate into a mere wrangle, to a filibuster­ to this proposed measure. ing fray. I say for myself, that if Senators on the other side desire to Now what I would ask is this: Is this debate to continue by the discuss the amendment of the Senator from. low~ any further, I, of joint efforts of the friends ofthis bill on the other side of the Chamber course, havo nothing to say. I should like to know, if I may ask in until the bill shall pass the Senate in such form as the majority, which­ that way, whether any one desires ro discuss the amendment any fur­ ever that may be, shall see fit; or is it suddenly by this v-oting to ad­ ther? journ and to refuse to adjourn to lose its entire character, to be entirely Mr. SAULSBURY. I have an aniendment that I desire to offer to displaced from the position it occupied before the Senate and before the that amendment before it is voted on. country, and become a matter of the merest and of the poorest party Mr. COCKRELL. I have some morejourru:iJsthat I should like ex­ wrangle? I decline to enter into that issue. I want no such wrangle ceedingly to read, and I hope the Senator will let me have an oppor-­ on such a bill as this, and I want it on no other bill. [Mr. HAWLEY tunity of reading them to the Senate. rose.] Does the Senator from Connecticut rise to speak? · 1tfr. HAWLEY. If I was an enemy of the Senator from Missouri It Mr. HAWLEY. When the Senator is through. would yield to him at any time to go on with the sort of argument he­ Mr. BAYARD. I want no such wrangle in regard to a bill of this made a few minutes ago. If any Senator desires to discuss further the· kind. I do not wish to discuss it with acrimony, or with temper, or amendment offered by the Senator from Iowa, I will move an adjourn-- with a narrow party ~iew. I shall not be driven from my support of ment. , this bill by sneers or by laughter, come them whence they may, and I ::rt:Ir. COCKRELL. I hope not. We had better go on a -little-longer.-. am prepared to discuss every amendment and e>ery poin b and every Let us tmn ref01"IDers over here and exhibit ourselves the same way. suggestion in regard to this bill as calmly and as tcmperat~ly and as in­ l\Ir. SAULSBURY. Before the Senator from Connecticut makes his telligently as I may. 'There is not the slightest clesign to delay for one motion I desire to offer a.n amendment to the amendment of the Sena­ instant a vote upon any amendment-and I think! holdsixteeninmy tor from Iowa. hand that have been printed-to this bill. Some of them touch very Mr. HAWLEY. I yield for that purpose. important questions in this bill, some of them are very immaterial, per­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment is not now in order, haps, and may be briefly passed upon; but at least a measure of this but notice of it can be given, and it can be printed. kind demands and should receive deliberation in every step that we Mr. SAULSBURY. I will send it up. take in passing upon it. Mr. COCKRELL. An amendment intended to be proposed can be· For that reason I wish to say that ·I do not desire, and I do not in~ printed. tend, to l.>e misunderstood in supposing that there is any desire by ad­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Delaware can give· journing to avoid a vote on this or any other subject, or that there shall notice of his intention to offer an amendment, and have his amendment be the pretext for a party complexion being given to the original propo­ printed. sition. The time has come to end the regular and })roper business of Mr. SAULSBURY. I give that notice. the day. If there is any reason why this bill hould be pressed to a Mr. HOAR. Let it be read for information. paEsage to-night, and it is given, any fair reason, I hold my mind open The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment of which the Sena-­ to consider it and to weigh it; but I do say that I am unwilling, and I tor from Delaware gives notice will be read. deprecate such a course of action as has been apparently suggested in The ACTING SECRETARY. It is proposed to add: the v-otes for the last hnlf hour in this Chambe1· on a measure of this The commi ioncrs shllll before entering on their duties under this act, take kind. I do not know what the object is; I do not divine it., and I and subscribe an oath to discharge the duties of their office faithfully and im-­ make no imputn,tion and no impugning. I merely desire to recall the partially, o.nd free from all political bias. &nate to the character of the bill we have before us, and what our duty Mr. HAWLEY. May I ask a,o-a:in whether the Senate is willing to. is in dealing with it in a proper and becoming manner. go on and act upon the amendment of the Senator from Iowa? Is there· Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, I am really considerably surprised objection to doing so? by the nature and warmth of the remarks made and by the view taken :Mr. SAULSBURY. My ~endment is not now in order. of this matter. Thereisnothingextmordinaryaboutit. I gavenotice The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on theamendmentoi yesterday that we hoped to make some progress-I used the expression the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. HoAR] to the amendment of the "deci ive progress"-to-day, and the Senator from Ohio and myself Senator from Iowa [Mr. ALLI. oN]. ["Question!" "Question!"] declined to say that we would ask the Senate to :finish the bill to-day, Ir. COCKRELL. Before that question is put I desire to be heard. but we gave reasons why we were anxious to press forward with orne lli. ITA WLEY. Will the Senator allow me? degree of vigor, and the reasons arc entirely obvious. 1\Ir. COCKP..ELL. It is now 5 minutes to 6 o'clock. There are now, I think, two, perhaps more, appropriation bills ready The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Missouri yield: for the aclion of the Senate. We do not desire to be charged with de­ to the Senator from Connecticut? laying that necessary business, and in perfect good faith I desired that Mr. COCKRELL. I wanted simply to read the record'ofabout.two. ~e Senate should delay adjournment a hort time that we might at months of last session. 372 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. DECEMBER 16,

..Mr.. HAWLEY. Will' the Senator yield a. moment to me? from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a report of the Com:mis- .]1r. COCKRELL. Certainly. sioner of the General Land Office ofpre-emption cases acted on by the Mr. HAWLEY. In the exercise of a. common courl€Sy to mankind, board of equitable adjudication during the year ending June 30, 1882; I move that the Senate adjourn. which was referred to the Committee on the Public Lands, and ordered Mr. EDMUNDS. I wish to ask the Senator to withdraw that for a to be printed. moment. EXPENSES OF SURVEYS. Mr. HAWLEY. I will. · . t- The SPEAKER also, by unanimous consent, laid before the House a. Mr. EDMUNDS. Longenoughformetosaythatishall voteagamst letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a statement of -the adjournment, for it will be substantially the destruction of this expenditures on account of the coast and geodetic ·surveys for the year :bill. . ending June 30, 188'2; "Which was referred to the Committee on Ex- Mr. HAWLEY. Then I am not respoilSlble. penditures in the Treasury Department, and ord~ed to be printed. .11r. PENDLETON. I do not agree to that at all. SOLDIER CHARGED · WITH DESERTION. ]1r. HAWLEY. I move that the Senate adjourn. The PRESIDING OFFICER. TheSenator from Connecticut moves The SPEAKER also, by unanimous consent, laid before the House a that the Senate do now adjourn. letter from the Secretary of War, in response to the resolution of the House of the 12th instant, calling for information as to the action taken Theq~estion being put, adivisionwascalledfor; and theayes.were22. }fr. EDMUNDS. I ask for the yeas and nays. under the act of August 7, 1882, to relieve certain soldiers of the late The yeas and nays were ordered, and the Acting Seciet..1:ry proceeded. war from the charge of {lesertion; which was referred to the Committee :fu call the roll. on M~tary Affairs, and ordered to be printed. • Mr. BROWN (when his name was called). I am paired, as already SOLDIERS' ' HOME PROPERTY, HARRODSBURGH, KENTUCKY. ·stated, with the Senator from Louisiana [M1·. KELLOGG]. }{r. THOMPSON of Kentuc1..J'. I ask unanimous consent tJ:mt the Mr. DAVIS, of West Virginia (when his name was called). I am bill (S. 506) authorizing the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers, paired with the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. DAWES]. Home to sell certain property at Harrodsburgh Kentuc1..J' belonging to Mr. RANSOM (when his name was called). I am paired on the the soldiers' home, be taken from the Speaker's table an~ putup(>n its question of adjournment with the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. passage. It has been passed by the Senate, and has received the unani­ ANTHONY]. If he were here, I would vote "yea." mous approval of the Committee on Military Affairs of this House. Mr. SAUNDERS (when his name was called). On this question I There bein~ no objection, the House proceeded to the consideration of .am paired with the Senator from Florida [Mr. JoNES]. the bill, which is as follows: The roll-c;ill was concluded. Be it enactedJ &c., That the Board of Commissioner of the Soldiers' Home bel 1tfr. GARLAND. The Senator from Indiana (Mr. VOORHEES] is and they are nereby, authorized to sell the property belonging to the soldiers home situated at Harrodsburgh, Kentucky, and known as the Harrodsburgh -paired with the Senator from· Colorado (Mr. HILL]. Springs property. Mr. MILLER, of New York. I am paired with the Senator from SEc. 2. That said property shall be sold on the premises, and to the Wghestand Maryland [Mr. GRooME]. Ifhe were here, I should vote "nay." best bidder, on a day to be fixed by the board of commissioners, after they shall have advertised the time, terms, and place of sale for thirty days in the Louis­ Mr. CONGER. My colleague (Mr. FERRY] is nbsent. I supposed ville Commercial, the Louisville Courier-Journal, and two other papers pub­ · be was paired with the Senator from Delaware [Mr. SAULSBURY]. lished in the vicinity of the property: Provided, That the commissioners shall ' Mr. ROLLINS. No; he i& paired wij;h the Senator from Kentllcky be and hereby are, authorized to withdraw said property after it shall have been oftered1 on the day of sale if a satisfactory bid shall not be received, and to read­ fPt1r. WILLIAMS]. vertise said property for sale as above designated should there be a failure of The result was ru:mounced-yeas 21, nays 16; as follows: sale from any cause. SEc. 3. That the said board of commissioners shall sell said property for cash YE.A.S--21. in hand, and that an immediate payment of $500 hall be paid by the purchaser !Banoow.. Garland, Lamar, Vest, at said sale to be deducted from the cash payment to be made by him on deliv­ ..Bayard, George, McDill, Walker, ery of the deed, from wWch sum all the expenses of the sale shall be deducted in •Call. Gorman, Maxey Windom. • case said purchaser fails to comply with the full terms of the sale within thirty Chilcott. Harris, Mitcheh, days from its date, the balance, if any, to be returned to the person making such CockreU, Hawley, Pendleton, payment; and when the purchase-money hall have been paid to said board of tCoke, Jonas, Saulsbury, commissioners they are directed to make to the purchaser a deed of conveyance for said property; and when said deed shall have been made and properly ac-­ NAYB-16. knowledged the United States shall be divested of the title to aid property, and .Aldrich, Cameron of Wis., Hoar, :rtiahone, the purchaser shall be invested with the full title to the same• .Allison, Conger, Lapham, Morrill, Elair, Edmunds, Loga.n., Platt, The bill was taken from the Speaker's t..1.ble, read three times, and -cameron of Pa., Frye, McMillan, Rollins. pa..c:::sed. ABSENT-39. ?tlr. THOMPSON, of Kentucky moved to reconsider the vote by Anthony, Ferry, Jones of Florida., Saunders, which the bill was passed; and also mov-ed that the motion to recon­ Beck, Groome, Jones of Nevada, Sawyer, sider be laid on the table. .Brown, Grover, Kellogg, Sewell, Butler, Hale, McPherson, Sherman, The latter motion was agreed to.