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4 Convoy Presentation Final V1.1
ALLIED CONVOY OPERATIONS IN THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC 1939-43 INTRODUCTION • History of Allied convoy operations IS the history of the Battle of the Atlantic • Scope of this effort: convoy operations along major transatlantic convoy routes • Detailed overview • Focus on role of Allied intelligence in the Battle of the Atlantic OUTLINE • Convoy Operations in the First Battle of the Atlantic, 1914-18 • Anglo-Canadian Convoy Operations, September 1939 – September 1941 • Enter The Americans: Allied Convoy Operations, September 1941 – Fall 1942 • The Allied Convoy System Fully Realized: Allied Convoy Operations, Fall 1942 – Summer 1943 THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC, 1914-18 • 1914-17: No convoy operations § All vessels sailed independently • Kaiserliche Marine use of U-boats primarily focused on starving Britain into submission § Prize rules • February 1915: “Unrestricted submarine warfare” § May 7, 1915 – RMS Lusitania u U-20 u 1,198 dead – 128 Americans • February 1917: unrestricted submarine warfare resumed § Directly led to US entry into WWI THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC, 1914-18 • Unrestricted submarine warfare initially very effective § 25% of all shipping bound for Britain in March 1917 lost to U-boat attack • Transatlantic convoys instituted in May 1917 § Dramatically cut Allied losses • Post-war, Dönitz conceptualizes Rudeltaktik as countermeasure to convoys ANGLO-CANADIAN CONVOY OPERATIONS, SEPTEMBER 1939 – SEPTEMBER 1941 GERMAN U-BOAT FORCE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR • On the outbreak of WWII, Hitler directed U-boat force -
Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War
National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War (Courtesy U.S. Maritime Administration) The officers and men of the Merchant Marine, by their devotion to duty in the face of enemy action, as well as natural dangers of the sea, have brought us the tools to finish the job. Their contribution to final victory will be long remembered. --General Dwight D. Eisenhower on National Maritime Day, 1945¹ In the nearly 20 years following the end of the World War I, America's merchant fleet, including its cargo and passenger ships, was becoming obsolete and declining in numbers. A shipbuilding program began with the passage of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936. However, World War II provided the impetus to intensify those efforts eventually leading to a ship- building program that produced 5,500 vessels. Among them were 2,710 mass-produced ships known as Liberty ships. While reviewing blueprints of the Liberty ships at the White House, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who loved naval vessels and had an eye for design, mused aloud to Maritime Commission administrator Admiral Emory S. Land, "I think this ship will do us very well. She'll carry a good load. She isn't much to look at, though, is she? .A real ugly duckling."² Thus, the Liberty ships received their second nickname, "the ugly ducklings." 1 National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places U.S. Department of the Interior Liberty Ships and Victory Ships, America's Lifeline in War When the United States entered World War II at the end of 1941, it had the beginnings of a great merchant fleet. -
Program Management Making History - Risk Management Leads to Victory!” December 11, 2014 Mr
“Making Project Management Indispensable for Business Results.” ® “ Program Management Making History - Risk Management Leads to Victory!” December 11, 2014 Mr. Roberto “Bobby” Lago, PMP “Making Project Management Indispensable for Business Results.” ® In Memoriam to All Veterans and The Greatest Generation that saved the World from Tyranny on the 70th Anniversary of the Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7th, 1941 “…A day that will live in Infamy!” “Making Project Management Indispensable for Business Results.” ® Project Management Process Groups: Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring & Controlling Closing Project Knowledge Areas: Integration Management Scope Management Time Management Cost Management Quality Management HR Management Communications Management Risk Management (so dear to my ) Procurement Management “Making Project Management Indispensable for Business Results.” ® ISSUE – War Raging in Europe & Pacific -Winds of War heading to USA- Need for increased mobility for troops and cargo carriers to war zones Germany Expanding and invading Poland, Africa, and Annexing neighbor countries. Invasion of France, Britain under fire. Germany scoring victories May – June 1940 Empire of Japan taking over Pacific Rim Sphere of Influence (since 1936) Great Britain losing warships and transports to German U-Boats Need to replace loses rapidly and inexpensively Numerous stakeholders and competing requirement Shipbuilding methodology in USA is cumbersome and in state of flux in 1940 adding complexity “Making Project Management Indispensable -
World War II on the Savannah Waterfront in the American Theater of Operations
World War II on the Savannah Waterfront in the American Theater of Operations Wartime Production and Service in Savannah City of Savannah Research Library and Municipal Archives August 29, 2008 World War II on the Savannah Waterfront in the American Theater of Operations Wartime Production and Service in Savannah Contents Research Summary Wartime Production Port of Savannah (Cargo Port) Private Industry Shipbuilding MacEvoy Shipbuilding Company Savannah Machine & Foundry Company Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation Lend-Lease Program Excellence in Production Awards Wartime Service American Theater of Operations United States Coast Guard Coast Guard Auxiliary Coast Guard Reserves Temporary (USCG R(T)) Volunteer Port Security Force (VPSF) Harbor Pilots United States Army Savannah Army Service Forces Depot (ASF) United States Navy Navy Inshore Patrol, Savannah Section Base, Cockspur Island Savannah-Chatham County Defense Council Savannah Women in Service Miscellaneous U-boat 505 Visits Savannah Maps The Port of Savannah, 1945 Port Facilities (Piers, Wharves and Docks) Water Front Property Terminal Sites City of Savannah, 1945 World War II on the Savannah Waterfront – Research Summary The following brief articles represent preliminary research into the various activities that were occurring along the Savannah waterfront in support of World War II. The progression of research defined the themes of wartime production and wartime service. The greater Savannah community was greatly involved in wartime production through the conversion of the Port of Savannah into a military cargo port for Lend-lease goods and the development of wartime industries manufacturing paper, asphalt, naval ships, and much more. Wartime service along the waterfront included citizen soldiers and sailors volunteering in civilian and military organizations, including the Savannah-Chatham County Defense Council and the United States Coast Guard Temporary Reserve’s Volunteer Port Security Force. -
Carl "Kak" Caccese
Carl “Kak” Caccese US Navy Armed Guard SN 809-68-04 Served 4 May 1943 to 10 January 1946 S.S. Robert Fulton S.S. Esek Hopkins S.S. O.L. Bodenhamer 1 Carl’s US Navy experiences interested me because Carl “Kak” Caccese he was part of a military group that was not very US Navy Armed Guard well publicized, the US Navy Armed Guard. I can still remember the start of World War II as an 8- SN 809-68-04 year old on December 7, 1941, and the conditions Served on the home front during the war years. My 4 May 1943 to 10 January 1946 spouse (Carl’s sister, Tina) sometimes refers to me as a History Channel “junkie” or World War II buff. I also served in the US Navy for about four years in the early 1950s. As a result, Carl’s stories peaked my interest and provided the incentive to look into his military experiences in more detail. I was very interested in the ships he served on and their ports of call while Carl was aboard. His World War II experiences included serving in both the Atlantic and Pacific Theaters of War from 1943 to 1946. Researching Carl’s US Navy activities included searching the Internet, sending E-mails to specific government archive locations, writing letters and putting pieces of information together from all these different sources. The first thing I wanted to accomplish was to obtain a photocopy of each of the ships he was assigned duty. There are multiple web sites for historic Navy ship photos, but none included the Carl “Kak” Caccese ships I wanted. -
Deck Log Newsletter
VOLUME XXI, ISSUE NUMBER 1 Winter 2019 IN THIS ISSUE Baltimore and the Battle of the Atlantic CG Commandant Speaks on TANEY TANEY Hull Preservation Update Volunteer in the Spotlight: R. Hall Recollections of a Lighthouse Keeper CG Auxiliary Volunteers on TANEY 2018 MD Fleet Week and Airshow Baltimore Upcoming Events Thank You for Your Support! From the Collections: Baltimore and the Battle of the Atlantic Years ago a surprise donation arrived by mail at the Baltimore Maritime Museum (a predecessor of the current Historic Ships in Baltimore). In the envelope were carefully placed two oil and water-stained ledger pages from 1943 which had clearly survived harsh circumstances. "Louis W. Vogel, Jr. found the pages of the MOLLY PITCHER log," wrote Mrs. Louise Vogel, the donor. "They were floating in the water when his ship DD ROWAN 405 picked up the sailors. The log A ledger page from the Liberty Ship SS reads that they left Baltimore, Maryland. It is MOLLY PITCHER recovered by Baltimorian strange that Louis grew up in Canton, close to Louis Vogel while serving on the destroyer USS ROWAN DD 405 during World War II. where the MOLLY PITCHER left." While the chance Baltimore connection between World War II US Navy sailor Louis Vogel and the Liberty Ship SS MOLLY PITCHER is interesting to ponder, these oil-stained sheets of paper also remind us of Baltimore's important contribution to Allied victory in World War II, and also the terrible human cost of the Battle of the Atlantic. Deck Log - Winter 2019 Page 1 of 13 The emergency cargo ship building program created by the United States Maritime Commission in 1941 was one of the marvels of American World War II industrial production. -
Liberty Ship U.S
Liberty Ship U.S. Maritime Commission Emergency Cargo Vessel EC2-S-C1 A National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark designated by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers 18 September 1984 SS Jeremiah O’Brien America’s last unaltered Liberty Ship in operating con- dition, open to the public at her home berth, Pier 3 East, Fort Mason, San Francisco, in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The SS Jeremiah O’Brien slips into the water at South Portland, Maine, 19 June 1943 Photo: New England Shipbuilding Corporation If ever dire necessity produced more fruitful in- The first EC2-S-C1 was the SS Patrick Henry, spiration in the realm of shipbuilding, it is not named after the Revolutionary War patriot who recorded. Between March 1941 and November declared, “Give me liberty or give me death.” That 1945, 18 U.S. shipyards produced over 2,700 vessels association certainly served to support Admiral of identical design — an unprecedented, and still Land’s terminology and the vessels became known as unexcelled achievement in maritime construction in Liberty Ships — a name to which their service time of peace or time of war. Their classification, in records were to give full meaning for America and the nomenclature of the U.S. Maritime Commis- the world. sion, was EC2-S-C1 (E for emergency — which was The original purpose of the Liberty Ship building World War II; C for cargo; 2 indicating size or program was to provide cargo space across the capacity by the index of approximate waterline Atlantic faster than Nazi U-boats could sink the sup- length, 400 to 450 feet; S for steam propulsion; and ply ships plying that route. -
Bethlehem Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Ship Corporation Photograph Collection 1980.300
Bethlehem Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Ship Corporation photograph collection 1980.300 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 14, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library Bethlehem Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Ship Corporation photograph collection 1980.300 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 7 Historical Note ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Scope and Content ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Administrative Information .......................................................................................................................... 12 Related Materials ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Controlled Access Headings ........................................................................................................................ 13 Collection Inventory ..................................................................................................................................... 14 -
1 Rensselaer and the Libery and Victory Ships Carl Westerdahl February 10, 2011 Tampa, Florida It‟S a Great Pleasure to Be He
Rensselaer and the Libery and Victory Ships Carl Westerdahl February 10, 2011 Tampa, Florida It‟s a great pleasure to be here aboard ship and in the sun. Winter has not been kind to us northeasterners, increasing the temptation to experience more of your infernal/ eternal traffic lights and tropical storms. Today I‟d like you to join me as I discuss: 1. A few brief notes about a boat and a steamer named Rensselaer. 2. A short lesson on how to differentiate a WWII Liberty ship from a Victory ship 3. A concise introduction to two of the individuals who made those ships possible, 4. A to-the-point view of the lasting impact of their ship construction efforts 5. A succinct biographical sketch of the Institute‟s namesake the Rensselaer Victory. In 1822, during the construction of the Erie Canal, Amos Eaton, who would become the first Senior Professor and Co-Founder of the Rensselaer School, traveled from Albany to Buffalo to explore the geology along the canal and to bring the results back to the school‟s other “Co- Founder to be,” the Patroon Stephen Van Rensselaer. Eaton was accompanied by a budding artist whose name was James Eights. After the trip Eights created a series of engravings. They are essentially “tourist pictures” of the new canal. They were published as part of Eaton‟s geological map of the canal prepared for Van Rensselaer and completed in April of 1824, just seven months before the founding of the Rensselaer School. One of Eight‟s illustrations from the report showed the entrance to the Canal, a canal boat, and Van Rensselaer‟s home, among the largest private dwellings in America.