Subject Index

A psychopathy and, 360 Antisocial motivation, 57 Aborigines, Australian, 155 and reaction to facial expressions, 284 Antithesis, principle of, 91 Abu-Lughod, Lila, 26, 62 sibilings, 301 : ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences), Agoraphobia, 342 and reaction to facial expressions, 284 315–316 Agreeableness, 281, 282, 343 and social class, 246 Acetylcholine, 171 Ainsworth, Mary, 54, 288 and voice, 104 Achebe, Chinua, 73 Alcohol and alcohol abuse, 339 Anxiety disorders, 338, 342 Achievement, failure in, 348 Alcoholics Anonymous, 71 cognitive biases in, 357 Acquired sociopathy, 184 Alexithymia, 158, 312, 361 onset of, 348 ACTH (adreno-corticotropic hormone), 130 All Quiet on the Western Front, 73 prevalence of, 339–340 Action readiness, modes, 150 Alpha male, 45 types of, 342–343 Active emotions, 61–62 Amae, 65 Apes, human relatedness to, 45 Active rGE, 285 Ambaday, Nalini, 94 Apocalypse Now (film), 72–73 Activity, 17 Ambivalent attachment, 288, 325 Appraisal(s), 144–167 Actors, 110–111 Amish, 371 amygdala, 178–180 Actor effect, 286 Amygdala, 131, 172, 173, 178–180, 183, 186, 187, automatic evaluation, 145–147 Acute anxiety, 363 193, 216, 289, 312, 322, 358, 360, 361 definition of, 144 Acute stress, 363 Anderson, Adam, 28 dimensional approaches to, 148, 149–152 Adaptation, 35–37 Anderson, Craig, 131 discrete approaches to, 148–149 Adaptationist lens, 35 Andrews-Hanna, Jessica, 194 and emotional experience, 160–164 Adaptations to negative environments, 312 Anger: emotion-related, 177–178 Adjective checklists, 160 and appraisal, 152 mind, 146 Adolescence, 4 and bias, 311 and mood disorders, 348 Adolescent limited children, 331 and core affect, 163 nucleus accumbens, 180–182 Adolescent , interventions, cross-cultural comparisons of, 78 pain, threat, and harm, 182–183 332–335 development of, 208 primary, 145–147, 153, 257 Adrenal glands, 130, 131 and embodiment, 138 secondary, 145, 148–152, 257 Adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH), 130 and emotional disorders, 352 tests of theories, 152–154 Adult Attachment Interview, 289–290 as emotion word, 158 and verbal sharing, 154–160 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), facial expression for, 94, 146 Aristotle, 12, 116 315–316 in family environment, 295–296 Arnold, Magda, 22–23 Adversities, 281 and frustration, 67 Art, communication of emotions in, 113–117 Aesthetic emotion, 117 group conflicts, 250–251 Artistic approach, 17–18 Affect-as-information perspective, 261 in infants, 204–206 Artistic expression, 113–114 Affect Infusion Model, 260–263 and power, 242 Asian cultures, 64, 65–66 Affection, 46. See also Affiliation scheme, 149 Aspergers, 229 Affectional bonds, 53 COPYRIGHTEDsmiling and facial expressions MATERIAL of, 146 Assertion, 56 Affective biases, 329 and social interaction, 110 Assessment, psychometric, 310 Affective-cognitive structures, 222 varieties, 158 Attachment, 11, 43, 52–54, 190, 287–292 Affiliation, 46, 54 vocal expression for, 104 avoidant, 288 and cooperation, 44 Anhedonia, 341 emotions and, 288–289 and friendships, 220 Animals, emotions as, 157 genetic influences on, 291–292 and groups, 250 Ann Druyan, 120 parental behaviors, 292–299 Agency, 151 Anorexia, 361 parent to child attachment, 290–291 Aggression (aggressive behavior): Anterior cingulate, 173, 189, 190–191, 358 resistant, 288 in children, 288 Anterior insula, 190 security, 288 in chimpanzees, 43 Anterior insular cortex, 183–184 status and emotional outcomes, 288–289 in emotion-based disorders, 309 Anthropology, 18–19 Attachment status, 325 between groups, 250 Antidepressant drugs, 359 Attachment styles, 108 and limbic system, 174 Antidepressant medications, 374 Attentional effects, 265–266

501

Oatley4e_bindsub.indd 501 10/5/2018 12:49:43 PM 502 Subject Index

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and immune system, 132–134 Cannon, Walter, 20, 121 (ADHD), 310 and somatic marker hypothesis, 140 Capitalizing upon the good, 235 Attributions, 151 Boehm, Christopher, 48 Carhart-Harris, Robin, 194 Atypical emotional responses, 311–312 Boiger, Michael, 64 Carlyle, T., 259 Austen, Jane, 98, 126–128, 232, 237 Bonding, 175 Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Autism, 229, 310, 360 Bonobos, 41 gene, 226 Autism spectrum disorder, 213 Bosnia, 250 Catharsis, 377 Automatic appraisals, 145–147 Botox, 141 Cerebellum, 173 Autonomic nervous system, 122–130 Bowlby, John, 11, 43, 97, 200 Cerebral cortex, 173 parasympathetic, 122 Brain, 169–195 Chen, Edith, 246 sympathetic, 122 amygdala, 178–180 Chen, Serena, 352 Autonomic response, 125–126 anterior cingulate, 190–191 Cheng, Joey, 242 Autonomic specificity, 125 anterior insular cortex, 190–191 Chewong, 155 Autonomous style, 290 cortical processes in, 184–191 Child abuse, 358 Avatar (film), 22 and , 358–359 Childhood: Avoidant attachment, 288, 325 discrete patters, brain activation, 192–195 development of emotions in, see Emotional Awareness and subjective feeling, 183–184 distinct emotions, 192 development Awe, 129–130 dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, 190–191 neglect during, 354 Awlad’ Ali, 26 early research on, 174 Childhood disorders, 309–335 Axons, 172 and empathy, 141, 189–190 categorical diagnosis, 309 Aztecs, 250 and limbic system, 174–175 comorbidities, 310, 313, 344 neuroimaging of, 170–173 dimension, 310 B orbitofrontal cortex, 182–183 heterogeneity, 310, 313 Babies, 36 periaqueductal gray, midbrain, 182–183 neurological/endocrine factors in, 321–323 Baboons, 46 physiological changes, 289 Childhood poverty, 303 Barrett, Lisa Feldman, 158, 192 prefrontal cortex, 185–188 Childhood psychopathology: Basic emotions, 202–206 and recognition of emotions, infants, 216, biological risk factors, 318–323 Bastin, Coralie, 193 220–222 components of therapy, 335 Beauty, 186 reward circuit in, 180–181 distal risk factors, 326–329 Behavioral ecology theory, 99 and somatic marker hypothesis, 140 emotions, 310–311 Behaviors, health, 302 subcortical processes in, 177–183 epidemiology, 312 Behavior therapy, 11, 333 Brain lesion studies, 174, 181 externalizing problems, 330–331 The Better Angels of Our Nature Brain stem, 173 heterotypic continuity, 329–330 (Steven Pinker), 71 Bias(es): Brazil, 346 homotypic continuity, 329 affective, 329 Breathing, 138 internalizing disorders, 331–332 cognitive, 357 Breines, Julia, 352 interventions, 332–335 negativity, 216–217, 356 Broadening and building, 264 methylation in, 321 Bible, 77 Brokeback Mountain (film), 158 multilevel perspective, 314 Big Five model of personality, 281, 343 Brooding, 357 prevalence, 312–314 Biobehavioral synchronization, 292 Brooks, Jeffrey, 187 proximal risk factors, 323–326 Biography, 270 Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP), risk factors, 314–318 Bipolar disorder, 322, 341–342 325 trajectories of disorders, 329 prevalence of, 342 Buddha, statue, 68 Child maltreatment, 324 Bishop, Sonia, 179 Buddhism: Children, attachment styles in, 288, 290–292. Black bile, 16 meditation practices, 383 See also Parent–child relationship Blackett, M., 366, 376 mindfulness, 384 Chile, 346 Black, Lewis, 5 pillars, happiness, 383 The chills, 128–130 Blair, James, 184 reincarnation, 382 Chimpanzees: Blame, 362 Siddhartha Gautama, 382, 383 bonobo life, 46 Blushing, 126–128, 134 yoga, 383 grooming, 50 Bodily response. See also Brain Bullying victimization, 326 hierarchies, 45, 48 and autonomic nervous system, 122–123 Burials, ritual, 49, 114 human relatedness to apes, 45 autonomic response, 125–126 mothers and infants, 43, 44 blushing, 126–128 C China, 346 and embodiment, 138–140 Calamity, 70 Chinese culture, 66–67 emotional experience and, 134–138 Call, Josep, 51 infant emotional expression in, 210 facial action, directed, 123–125 Calmness, emotional, 138 regulation in, 387 gut feelings and decision making, 140–141 Cambodia, 250 Cholecystokinin, 172 and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, Campos, Belinda, 65, 129 Christianity, 15, 68 130–132 Candidate gene studies, 320 Chrysippus, Stoic, 177

Oatley4e_bindsub.indd 502 10/5/2018 12:49:43 PM Subject Index 503

Circumstance, 371 of emotions, 384–386 Darwin, Charles, 6–9, 18, 33, 86, 91–93, 96, Classical conditioning, 178 Constructed emotion, 162–163 127, 161, 175 Client-centered therapy, 380 Constructivist, 162–163 Davidson, Richard, 187 Climate effect, 293 Contempt, 104, 235 Davis, Joshua, 139 Cline, Emma, 17 Continuities, 329 Decalogue 8 (film), 270 Co-construction of parent–child relationship, Continuity of attachment styles, 290–292 Deception, 25 323–324 Control: Declaration of Independence, 63 Cognition: effortful, 221 Decoding hypothesis, 93 attentional effects on, 265–266 parental, 300 Default brain network, 220 embodied, 141 Coontz, Stephanie, 230 Defensiveness, 235 and emotional development, 209 Cooperation: De Leersnyder, Jozefien, 69 and emotion congruence, 265 ability to cooperate, 273 Deliberative processes, 251 and feelings as information, 264 collective intentionality, 273 Dementia, 190 guiding of, by emotions, 256–258 development of, 202 Depression: and morality, 269–273 groups and, 251 in children, 310 and passion vs. reason dichotomy, 255–256 importance, 366 definition of, 338 perceptual effects on, 264–265 positive emotions, 366 forms of, 339 and persuasion, 269 shared intentionality, 273 negative bias, 356 and remembering, 266–267 shared thinking and, 287 neurophysiology of, 358–359 and styles of processing, 264–265 touching and increased, 108 onset of, 346–347 Cognitive-behavioral therapy (cognitive Coordinate social interactions, 109 prevalence of, 339, 346 behavior therapy), 11, 333, 367, Copy number variants (CNVs), 320 recovery from, 356 376–377, 379, 382 Cordaro, Daniel, 99, 104, 107 recurrence of, 354–355 Cognitive biases, in anxiety disorders, 357 Core affect, 163 and regulation, 387 Cognitive change, 219 Core Conflictual Relationship Themes, 376 social support, 353 Cognitive development, 293, 303, 304 Core effect, 163 vulnerability factors in, 353–355 Cognitive sensitivity, 293 Core relational themes, 149 Depressive disorders, prevalence of, 340 Collective emotion and preference, in-groups, Corpus callosum, 27, 173 Deservingness, 259 55–57 Cortical processes in brain, 184 Desire, 125 Collective group goals, 52 Cortisol, 130–132, 134, 170, 240, 288 DeSteno, David, 15 Collective intentionality, 273 Costello, J., 329 Developing societies, 345 Collectivist cultures, 112 Courtly love, 75 Development of emotions, see Emotional Communal sharing, 71 Crews, Frederic, 11 development Communal violence, 72 Craig, Bud, 183 De Waal, Frans, 46, 55, 97, 108 Communication of emotions, 85–117 Crime, 274, 330 Diagnosis, 309, 338 in art, 113–117 Critchley, Hugo, 137, 139 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental by children, 279–281 Criticism, 244 Disorders, Fifth Edition, DSM-5 and coordination of social interaction, 109–111 Cross-cultural comparisons, 78 (2013), 10–11, 30 cultural variation in, 111–113 Crozier, Ray.W., 126 Dialectical-behavioral therapy, 377 facial expressions, 96–102 Cruelty, 70 Diary studies, 162 nonverbal behavior and, 88–91 Crying, 8–9, 202, 289 Diathesis–stress model, 318, 343 by touch, 107–108 Cultural approaches, 59–80 Differential parenting, 300 vocal communication, 102–107 epistemologies in, 66 on sibling, 323 Compassion, 21, 126, 182–183, 236 ethnographies, 61 Differential susceptibility, 318 Compassionate love, 236 historical method, 69–71 Dimensional approaches (to appraisal), 8, Competition: integrating evolutionary and, 78–80 149–152 intersexual, 33–34 self-construal in, 63–65 Dimensions, 309–310 intrasexual, 34 values in, 67–69 Dips in personality maturity, 285 Component Process Model, 153 in the West, 69–71 Directed facial action, 123–125 Compulsions, 342–343 Culture, 29, 61 Disabling states, 351 COMT gene, 226 Cytokine system, 132, 133 Discourse, 61 Conceptualization, emotion, 156 Cumulative risk, 315 Discrete approaches (to appraisal), 148–149 Conditioned stimulus, 178 Discrete emotion, 161–162 Conduct disorder, 297, 309, 334 D Diseases, emotions as, 157 Conflict, inner, 373 Dalectical-behavioral therapy, 377 Disgust, 5, 40, 149 Confucius, 63 Damasio, Antonio, 140 and embodiment, 138 Congruence, emotion, 265 Dancing in the Streets (Barbara Ehrenreich), facial expression for, 94 Conrad, Joseph, 72 55 in infants, 202 Conscientiousness, 281, 282, 343 Dandelions, 286 and moral judgment, 272 Consciousness, 208 Danger, 349 vocal expression for, 103

Oatley4e_bindsub.indd 503 10/5/2018 12:49:43 PM 504 Subject Index

Dismal science, 259 conceptualization, 156, 185–188 genetics, 343–344 Dismissing style, 290 consciousness of, 384–386 life events and difficulties, 346–349 Dismissive parents, 235 definitions of, 5, 28, 29 prevalence of, 339–340 Disorganized attachment, 288 disorganized response, 144 psychopathy, 360–361 Displays, emotional, 242–244 drawings and stickers, 86–87 psychosomatic effects, 362–363 Display rules, 77 and emotional disorders, 350–352 relation between emotions and, 350–352 Disposition theory, 274 empirical inspirations for new science, 26–28 schizophrenia, 361–362 Distal factors, 299, 326 evolutionary history of human, 41–49 stress-diathesis hypothesis for, 343 Distinct emotions, 192 evolutionary approach to, 6–9 vulnerability factors with, 353–354 Dizygotic twins, 319, 344 expressed, 361–362 and well-being, 370–372 DNA, 37, 39, 43 expressions, 6, 26 Emotional experience, 160–161 Docter, Pete, 4 framework, 28–29, 177 comparing perspectives, 163–164 Dopamine, 36 group and collective emotions, 248–251 cultural patterns, 69 Dorsal vagal complex, 126 group-based emotions, 247–250 spatial arrangement, 164 Dorsolateral prefrontal region, 173, 193 human brain, 170, 173 Emotional expressions, 33, 89–91 Drama, 24 inflammation response, 132–134 anterior insular cortex, 135 Drug treatments, for depression, 359 learning, 182–183 distinct emotions, 134 Dryuan, Ann, 120 limbic system, 174–175 interoception, 137–138 Duchenne smiles, 244 marriage, 234–237 representations of emotions, 135–137 mood, see Mood suppression, 165 E and negotiation of social hierarchy, 54 Emotional labor, 25–26 Early experiences, 353–354 neuron, 172 Emotional intelligence, 113, 252 East Asian cultures, 68 neurotransmitters, 171–172 Emotion coaching philosophy, 297 Eastwick, Paul, 232 online platforms, 170 Emotion congruence, 265 Eating disorders, 361 philosophical approach to, 15–17 Emotion contagion, 295 Ecological validity, 96 physiological approaches to, 18–21 Emotion dialect theory, 112 Effortful control, 221 positive, 27–28 Emotion-dismissing philosophies, 297 Egyptians, ancient, 386 and power, 244–245 Emotion dysregulation, 312 Ehrenreich, Barbara, 55 psychological approaches to, 10–12, 22–23 Emotion-eliciting events, 28 Eibl-Eibsefeldt, Iraneus, 26 reflexes, 173 Emotion episodes, 30 Eisner, Manuel, 71 relational, 61 Emotion-focused therapy, 377–378, 380 Eisenberger, Naomi, 182 signals, neural implant, 170 Emotion lexicon, 155–156 Eisenberg, Nancy, 97 and social class, 245–247 Emotion recognition, 99–102 Ekman and Friesen studies, 95–96 social pain, 190–191 Emotion regulation, see Regulation Ekman, Paul, 23, 93–97, 101, 105 sociological approach to, 24–26 Emotion-related processes, 133 Elder, G., 283 specific patterns, brain activation, 192–195 Emotion-related prosody, 104 Electroencephalography (EEG), 166, 172 system, mammalian brain, 175–177 Empathy, 20, 141, 189–190 Elfenbein, Hillary, 94, 104, 111, 112 theoretical approaches to, 28–29 development, 301 Elias, Norbert, 70–71 unfolding process of, 28–29 regions of brain, 21 Elicitation, 98, 177, 193, 310, 352 Emotion accents, 112 Empathy network, 21, 189 Elicitors of emotions, 67 Emotional complexity, 65, 158 The Emperor’s New Drugs: Exploding the Eliot, George, 17–18 Emotional conditioning, 178 Myth of Anti-depressants, 359 Elis, Ori, 361 Emotional development, 201–227 Employment, 285 Elliot, Andrew, 129 attachment, 288 Encoding hypothesis, 93 Embarrassment, 54, 190, 192 basic emotions, 202–206 Energization, 163 Emblems, 88 language and understanding of minds, Enervation, 163 Embodied empathy, 141 209–210 The enlightenment, 73 Embodiment, 138–140 programs optimizing, 303–306 Entorhinal cortex, 173 Emotion(s): recognition of emotions, 210–217 Environmental risk: amygdala, 172–173 regulation of emotions, 218–224 children’s attachment, 291 ancient Greeks’ view of, 12–15 social emotions, 206–208 emotionality, 286–287 artistic approach to, 12, 15–18 temperament, 222–226 multiple, 291 autonomic nervous system, 122–123 theories of, 201–202 Environment of evolutionary adaptedness, 41 awareness and subjective feeling, 183–184 Emotional disorders, 30, 338–363. See also human ancestry, 47–49 bodily approaches, 10 Childhood disorders; specific disorders, hunter-gatherer societies, 41–42 and bodily changes, 120–122 e.g.: Depression nonhuman primates, 43–47 brain lesions and stimulation, 174 cognitive biases in, 357 Epicureanism, 13–15, 256, 376, 389 brain science of, 19–21 depression and anxiety, 339 Epidemiology, of emotional disorders, challenges, 172 environment, 344–346 338–340, 343, 346–349 characterization, 6 epidemiology of, 338–340, 346–349 Epigenetics, 39, 350

Oatley4e_bindsub.indd 504 10/5/2018 12:49:43 PM Subject Index 505

Epiglottis, 103 Feelings, as information, 264 and free will, 388–389 Epilepsy, 175 Feldman-Barrett, Lisa, 102 Genocide, 56, 72, 250, 387 Epistemologies, 66 Fiction, 274, 386–387 Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 320 Esophagus, 103 Fight and flight, 33, 126 Gentsch, Kornelia, 153 Ethnography, 60 Finkel, Eli, 232 Germany, 346 Evdokas, Andreas, 153 First movements of emotion, 14, 145 Gestures, and recognition of emotion, 213–214 Evers, Jan, 135 Fischer, Agneta, 141, 251 Gilbert, Paul, 242 Evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs), 333 Fitness (survivability), 34 Giudice, Marco Del, 350 Evocative function, 110 Flirting, 26, 37 Glucose, 130, 388 Evocative gene–environment correlation Flow, 369 Goals, 256–258 (evocative rGE), 285, 292 Fluids, emotions as, 157 Goal-congruent events (goal-incongruent Evolution, 33 Fluoxetine, 360 events), 148 Evolutionarily stable strategy, 350 fMRI, see Functional magnetic resonance Goal-corrected partnership, 200 Evolutionary approach, 33 imaging The Go-Between (L.P. Hartley), 69 Evolution of emotions, 6–9, 32–58 Folk narratives, 386 Goffman, Erving, 24 cultural approaches and, 78–80 Foot, P., 271 Golden Record, 120 gene replication and, 37–41 Fore, 94–95 Goldin, Philippe, 187 human ancestry and, 47–49 Forebrain, 172, 174 Gonzaga, Gian, 97 human relationships and, 51–52 Forgas, J., 259–260 Goodall, Jane, 44, 46 hunter-gatherer societies and, 41–42 Forgiveness, 236, 251 Graham, Jesse, 249 selection and, 33–35 Foster care, 324–326 Graham, Martha, 114 Exaptations, 36 France, 346 Grandjean, David, 153 Executive function, 219 Frankenstein (Mary Shelley), 74–75 Gratitude, 238–239, 273, 378 Experience sampling, 66, 285 Fredrickson, Barbara, 126 The Great Train Robbery (film), 72 Expressed emotion, 361–362 Free will, 387–389 Greeks, ancient, 12–15, 144–145, 386 Expressive behavior, patterns of, 162 Freud, Sigmund, 10–12, 368, 372–375 Greene, Joshua, 56, 251 Extended family, 47 Fridlund, Alan, 96 Griffiths, Roland, 194 Externalizing, 310–311, 330–331 Friendships, 54, 237–241, 369 Grooming, 50, 108 Extraversion, 282–285, 303, 343 Friesen, Wallace, 93, 95–97, 99, 105, 124 Groups, 247–251 Eyewitness testimony, 268–269 Frijda, Nico, 6, 23, 149, 167 Group therapy, 382 Frontal cortex, 177 Guilt, 158, 208 F Frontal lobes, 173, 184, 190, 358 Gurakadj, 155 Facebook, 86 Frontal temporal lobar dementia, 190 Gut feelings, 140–141 Facial action, directed, 123–125 Frustration, 64, 149 G/wi, 42 Facial expressions, 67, 91–102 Functional magnetic resonance imaging affiliation-related displays, 97 (fMRI), 20, 68, 158, 166, 172, 272, 376 H evocative function of, 110 Habituation, 210–211 expression of embarrassment, 98 G Habyarimana, Juvenal, 247 frame-by-frame analysis, 98 Gage, Phineas, 19–20, 140, 184 Haidt, J, 269–271 interpretation of, 112, 113 Galvanic skin response, 125, 140, 147 Halperin, Eran, 167 multimodal emotional expressions, 96–97 Gambling, 181 Hamlet, Shakespeare, 114 personality and reaction to, 284 Gamma-amino butyric acid, 172 Happiness, 155, 302 positive emotions in, 102 Garfinkel, Sara, 137, 139 components, 368 and recognition of emotion, 211–213, 216 Gaze aversion, 98, 208, 242, 243 engagement, 368, 371 static photos, 97, 98 Gazzaniga, Michael, 27 and emotional disorders, 352 universality of, 93–96 Gender: facial expression for, 94, 146 Failure in achievement, 348 differences, 36 four pillars, 383 Family(-ies), extended, 47 mental illness, 339 in infants, 206 Faso, Burkina, 99 and psychopathology, 312–313 pleasures, 368 Father’s power assertion, 286, 287 Gene–environment correlation (rGE), 285, and well-being, 368 Fear, 263. See also Anxiety 286, 302 Hare, Brian, 51 and blushing, 127 Gene–environment interaction, 320, 349–350 Harlow, John, 19–22 bodily changes associated with, 130 Gene replication, 37–41 Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and depression, 351 Genes composed of DNA, 37 (J.K. Rowling), 248 as emotion word, 155 Genes, roles, 299 Hartley, L.P., 69 facial expression for, 94 Generosity, 45, 238, 239 Harvey, William, 16 in infants, 204 Genetics, quantitative, 319 Hasham, 26, 241 and organizational/informational aspects of Genetic factors: Health anxiety, 382 emotion, 258 in attachment, 291–292 Health behaviors, 302–303 vocal expression for, 104 in depression, 349–350 Heart of Darkness (Joseph Conrad), 72–73

Oatley4e_bindsub.indd 505 10/5/2018 12:49:43 PM 506 Subject Index

Heritability, 225, 320, 343–344 Iliad (Homer), 386 spiritual and bodily purity, 272 Hernandez-Lloredo, Maria, 51 Illustrators, 88, 89 status in hierarchies, 272 Herrmann, Esther, 51 Imbalance, emotional, 311 Inughuit, 371 Hertensein, Matthew, 109 Immune system, 132–134, 342 Inuit, 111 Hess, Ursula, 102, 109, 111, 112, 141 Imprinting, 52 Iowa Gambling Task, 140 Heterotypic continuity, 329–330 Impulse-control disorders, 339 IQ, 317 Heuristic-appraisal processes, 269 Inagaki, Tristen, 182 Isen, Alice, 27 Heuristic processes, 269 Incentive functions, 110 Israeli–Palestinian conflict, 167 Heuristics, 261 Incidence, 110 Izard, Cal, 23 Hierarchical relationships, 241–247 Income inequality, 328–329, 344 Izard, Carroll, 93, 201 emotional displays in, 242–244 Independent and interdependent selves, 63–65 power in, 244–245 India, 346 J and social class, 245–247 Individual differences, 283–284 Jack, Rachael, 96, 97 Hierarchies, 45, 48 and attachment, 287–292 Jahoda, M., 365 Hindbrain, 172 and peers, 301–302 James, William, 10, 20, 120, 121–122, Hippocampus, 172, 173, 322, 358 and personality traits, 284 135–138, 193, 194, 242, 265–266 Histones, 39 and siblings, 300–301 James-Lange theory, 20 Historical method, 69–70 Individual goals, 52 Japan, 66–67, 346 Hitchcock, Alfred, 144 Infants. See also Emotional development Japanese culture, 66 Hochschild, Arlie, 24–26 attachment styles in, 290 appraisal in, 154–155 Holocaust, Nazi, 250 Japanese vs. American, 107 emotional expression in, 112 Homicide, rates, 71–72 recognition of emotions in, 210–218 Jealousy, 255 Hominids, 50, 52 securely attached, 288 Jobs, Steve, 237 Homotypic continuity, 329 and touching, 109 John-Anderson, Neha, 133, 246 Hormones, 130, 132, 137 Inflammation response, 133, 134 Joint goals, 52 Horney, K., 382 Influence, 255 Jones, Matt, 86 Hostile attribution bias, 311 Informational signaling, 257 Joy. See also Happiness Hostility, 46 Informative function, 110 in babies, 202 HPA axis, see Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Infrahumanization, 251 and embodiment, 138 axis In-groups, 55, 272 as emotion word, 156 5-HTT gene, 226 collective emotion and preference, 55–57 J.S. (patient), 184 Huizinger, Johann, 70 intuitions, 272 Jurors, 275 Human ancestry, 47–49 In-group favoritism, 56 Human body, see Bodily response Inhibited children, 281 K Human genes: Inner conflict, 373 Kaling, Mindy, 5 gift, 388 Inside Out (film), 4–5, 14 Kangaroo Care, 305 program, 38 Insula, 166 Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry, robot-vehicles, 389 Intentional objects, 156 updated with DSM-5, 338 Human genome, 39 Interactional synchrony, 292 Kashdan, Todd, 158 Human life, 365 Interdependence, 65 Katharsis, 13, 116 cooperation, 366 Interest, vocal expression for, 101 Keegan, John, 72 modes and characteristics, 366 Intergenerational transmission, 298–299 Kenny, D., 286 positive evaluations, 381 Interleukin 6 (IL-6), 133 Ker, 60, 61 relatedness, 368–369 Internalizing, 310 Kidneys, 131 specific contributions, 366 International Classification of Diseases, 309 Kim, Heejung, 65 Human vocal expression, 213 Interpersonal emotions, 61–62 Kindling, 355 Hunter-gatherer societies, 41–42 Interpersonal relationships, and regulation, 361 Kitayama, Shinobu, 78 friendships, 54 Interpersonal role, 77 Knowledge structures, 65 Huntington’s chorea, 174 Interpretation, 11, 66, 112–113 Kok, B. E., 126, 127 Hutu, 247–248, 251 Intersexual competition, 33–34 Konstan, David, 70 Hypervulnerability, 37 Intimate relationships, 230–237 Kragel, Philip, 192 Hypomania, 341 marriage, 234–237 Kramer, L., 300 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, sexual love, 231–234 Kramer, Peter, 360 130–132, 220, 240 Intrasexual competition, 34 Kreibig, Sylvia, 125 Hypothalamus, 130, 132, 172–173, 178 Intuitions: Kring, Ann, 361 fairness and justice, 272 !Kung, 42 I harm and care, 271–272 Identity, 62–63 in-groups and out-groups, 272 L Ifaluk, 60, 61, 78 moral, 269–271 LaBar, Kevin, 192 IJzendoorn, V., 291 and principles, 269–272 Language:

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gestural actions, 49 Maladaptive person–context interactions, 314, Missing heritability, 320 nonverbal sounds, 49 315 Modeling, 333 Language, evolution of, 49–51 Malaysia, 155 Mode of organization, 257 Language development, 296 Male, alpha, 45 Modern Phineas Gages, 19, 20 Laryngopharynx, 103 Malthus, T, 259 Modular Approach to Therapy for Children Larynx, 103 Maltreatment, child, 324 (MATCH), 335 Lateral orbitofrontal region, 173 Mammalian brain, 182 Moment-by-moment interactions, 241 Laughter, 239–240 adaptive behaviors, 175 Monkeys, 57, 174 Laukka, Petri, 104 hypotheses, 177 Monogamy, 47 Law, emotions and the, 273–275 limbic system and regions, 175 Monozygotic twins, 225, 319, 323 Lazarus, Richard, 144 neurochemicals, 176 Mood: Learning, 372 oxytocin, 175–176 classical economics, 259–260 LeDoux, Joseph, 178 positive, 176–177 Ultimatum Game, 259 Lee, Ang, 158 rodents, 175 Moral emotions, 109 Leeper, Robert, 144 and social system, 176 Moral intuition, 271 Leigh, Janet, 144 Mania, 102, 341, 352 Morality, 269 Leveling mechanisms, 48 Manic-depressive disorder, 341 Moral judgment, 238, 269, 272 Levine, L., 268 Manilow, Barry, 98 Moral Tribes (Joshua Greene), 56 Lieberman, Matthew, 187 Marienthal mill, 365 Moving to Opportunity (MTO), study, 327 Life-course models, 317 Marital conflict, 324–325 Muir, John, 128, 129 Life Events and Difficulties Interview Markus, Hazel, 78 Multilevel perspective, 299, 314 Schedule, 347 Mar, Raymond, 195 Multisystemic treatment, 334 Life Events and Difficulties Schedule, 347 Marriage, 234–237 Muscatell, Keely, 140 Life events or difficulties, 346–349 Marshall, Lorna, 62 Muscle movements, 138 Lifespan, emotionality over the, 280–282 Martin, L.L., 136 Music, 115, 265, 387 Liking, wanting vs., 181 Maruskin, Laura, 129 Mutually rewarding orientation, 289–290 Limbic system, 173–175 Massai men, 372 Muybridge, Eadweard, 184, 255 Lindquist, Kristin, 187, 192 Masuda, Takahiko, 66 “My Oedipus Complex” (Frank O’Connor), Linehan, M., 377 Mauss, Iris, 135 218 Listening to Prozac (Peter Kramer), 360 Mayberg, Helen, 351 Mystery stories, 274 Literature, emotions in, 386–387 Maynard-Smith, John, 350 Litost, 156 Maternal depression, 327 N Locally rational emotion, 256 Maternal diet, preventions targeting, 304 Naltrexone, 182 Longitudinal studies, 282 McRae, Kateri, 167 Narrative thinking, 384 Loss: Medial prefrontal cortex, 180, 181, 186 Nasopharynx, 103 and depression, 348, 350 Medulla, 172 National Basketball Association, 108 of a role, 348 Mehta, Pranj, 242 Natural disasters, 356 Love, 121, 229 Melo, Hans, 28 Natural forces, emotions as, 156 compassionate, 237 Memory, emotion-related biases, 267–268 Natural selection, 33–34 and core affect, 163 Men, cultural difference, 78 Natyasastra, 115, 117 displaying, 97 Mental disorders, 346 Neanderthals, 48 as emotion word, 155 Mental disorders, childhood, 309–310 Negative coercion cycle, 323 and oxytocin, 175 Mental health, free will and, 388 Negative emotion, 123–125, 280, 339, 362 passion, 24 Mental illness, 338 Negative environments, adaptations to, 312 romantic, 232–233 Mentalization, parental, 292 Negative life events, 283 sexual, 231–233 Mentalizing, 208 Negative trauma, 147 Western ideal of, 75–77 Mentalizing therapy, 375 Negativity bias, 216–217, 356 Lovejoy, Owen, 230 Mesquita, Batja, 167 Neglect, 354 Lutz, Catherine, 61–62, 78 Metaphors, 156–157 Nervous discharge, principle of, 91 Lyrical ballads (William Wordsworth), 73 Method acting, 25 Neuroaesthetics, 186 A Midsummer-night’s Dream (William Neuroanatomy, 170 M Shakespeare), 271 Neurobiological development of emotion Macaques, 46 Milgram shock experiment, 387 regulation, 220–222 MacLean-Panksepp conjecture, 175 Miller, Greg, 246 Neurochemicals, 171, 172, 175, 176, 183, 185, MacLean, Paul, 175, 200 Mimicry, 239–240 320–321 Magical transformation, 255 Minangkabau, 125 Neuroendocrine system, 130, 132 Magnetoencephalography (MEG), 172 Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, 383, 384 Neuroimaging (neuroimaging studies), Mahabharata, 286 Mindfulness meditation, 379 172–173, 180, 188 Major depression (major depressive disorder), Mindful practices, 385 Neurological factors, 322–323 338, 341–342, 344, 348 Minimization of children’s emotions, 297 Neuro-modulators, 172

Oatley4e_bindsub.indd 507 10/5/2018 12:49:43 PM 508 Subject Index

Neurons, 170, 172 Parental conflict, 331 Positive contagion, 295 Neuroticism, 167, 281, 282–283, 285, 343, 371 Parental hostility, 323 Positive emotion, 125–126, 264, 280–281, 353 Neutral third party perspective, 305 Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy (PMEP), 297 Positive parenting programs, 305 New Hope project, 306 Parental sensitivity, 289–290 Positive states, 27 New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 338 Parent–child interactions, 202 Positron emission tomography (PET), 172 New Zealand, 339, 344 Parent–child relationship, 323 Post-traumatic stress disorder, 342–343 Niedenthal, Paula, 109, 141 and intergenerational transmission, 298–299 Postures, and recognition of emotion, 213–214 Nigeria, 346 Parenting: Poverty, 346 Nonverbal behavior, 88–91 differential, 300 Power, 241, 244–245 Nonverbal communication, 88 education, 304 Praise of Folly, 270–271 Norepinephrine, 172 peers, 301–302 Pranayama breathing, 138 Novels, 386 sibilings, 300–301 Preece, David, 158 Nucleus accumbens, 179, 180–182, 186, 322 social context, 302–303 Prefrontal cortex, 166, 179, 180, 185–188, 322 Nummenmaa, Lauri, 136, 192 stress, 327 Preoccupied style, 290 Parent management training (PMT), 333 Prevalence, 312, 339–342 O Parietal lobe, 173 of bipolar disorder, 342 Obama, Barack, 274–275 Park, Bokyung, 113 depression, 346 Obligations of society, 273–274 Partner effect, 286 Pride, 99 Obsessions, 342 Passion, reason vs., 255–256 bodily changes associated with, 134–138 Occipital lobe, 173 Pavlenko, Anna, 62 development of, 209 Ochsner, Kevin, 185 Pavlovian conditioning, 178 and power, 242 O’Connor, Frank, 218 Peers, 301–302 Pride and Prejudice (Jane Austen), 232–233 Olfactory bulb, 173 Peptides, 172 Primary appraisal, 144, 145–147, 257 Openness, 282–283, 343 Perceptual context, 102 Primary emotions, 377 Opiates, 181, 191 Perceptual effects, 264–265 Primates: Opioids, 182 Perceptualmotor skills, 27 emotional vocalization in, 107 Opioid receptors, 181 Periaqueductal gray, midbrain, 182–183 grooming in, 108 Opponents, emotions as, 156 Personality traits, 30–31, 281 relatives, 43 Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), 310 and Big Five model, 281, 282 Priming, 147 Optimism, 263 and emotionality, 282 Principle of antithesis, 91 Orbitofrontal cortex, 182–183, 255 Person-centered therapy, 376 The Principles of Art, 114 Orbitofrontal region, 173, 188 Persuasion, 269 Principle of nervous discharge, 91 Orchids, 286 Pessimism, 263 Principle of serviceable habits, 91 Ordinarily Well (Peter Kramer), 360 PET (positron emission tomography), 172 Prosocial behavior, 207, 220 Organizational signaling, 257 P factor, 314, 320, 322, 330, 335, 344, 350 Prototypes, 157–158 Outcomes, 314, 378–381 Phelps, Elizabeth, 178 Proximal factors, 299, 323 Out-groups: Phenylketonuria, 343 Prozac, 176, 359, 360 intuitions, 272 Philosophical approach, 15–17 Psychiatric health care, 381 Oveis, Chris, 242 Phobias, 342 Psycho (film), 144 Ovulation, 232 Physiological approach, 18–21 Psychoactive drugs, 162, 359 Oxytocin, 38, 175–177, 226 Physiological change, emotional regulation Psychoanalysis, 374–376 via, 219–220 Psychological approach, 11–12, 22–23 P Physiological differentiation, 123–125 Psychological conditions, 116 Page, Tim, 229 Piff, Paul, 102 Psychological therapy, mindfulness, 383 Pain, 189, 190–191 Pinker, Steven, 71–72 Psychometric assessment, 310 Pair-bonding, 53 Pituitary adrenal axis, 108 Psychoneuroimmunology, 362 Panic attacks, 342 Pituitary gland, 131 Psychopathology, 309, 312–313 Panksepp, Jaak, 160, 175–177, 192, 194 Placebos, 359 Psychopathic people, 360–361 Papua New Guinea, 93 Play, in marriage, 235–236 Psychopathology, 309. See also Childhood Paradigmatic thinking, 384–385 Pleasure, 109–110, 202 psychopathology Paradigm scenarios, 158 Point-light expression (PLB), 213–214 abnormal emotions, 311–312 Parasympathetic nervous system, 122, 220 Politeness, 167 adaptations to negative environments, 312 Parental behaviors, attachment: Political world: alexithymia, 312 awareness and accuracy, 292 income-inequality, 389 atypical emotional responses, 311 biobehavioral synchronization, 292 international relationships, 389 comorbidity, 313 mentalization, 292–293 personal emotions, 389 emotional adaptation to negative environ- mental state talk, 293 Politics, 274 ments, 312 parental talk about emotions, 294 Polygenic effects, 343 emotion dysregulation, 312 reflective capacity, 292–293 Pons, 172 genetics, 319–320 socialization, 295–299 Porges, Steven, 126 heterogeneity, 313

Oatley4e_bindsub.indd 508 10/5/2018 12:49:44 PM Subject Index 509

hostile attribution bias, 311 and evolution, 56 Schizophrenia, 361–362 imbalance, 311 hierarchical, 241–247 School-based social and emotional learning inappropriate emotional responses, 311 intimate, 230–237 (SEL) programs, 305 internalizing and externalizing, 312–313 Relative functioning, 293 Scripts, 157 p factor, 314 Remembering, 266–269 Secondary appraisal, 145, 148–154, 257 poor emotion regulation, 311 Reptiles, 174 Second movements, 14 predominance of one emotion system, 311 Resistant attachment, 288 Securely attached infants, 288 transactional, 314 Resources, 302 Secure attachment, 288, 291, 323 transdiagnostic models, 314 Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), 287 Selection, 33 Psychopathy, 360–361 Response format critique, 95 Selection effects, 303 Psychosocial stressors, 321 Rewards, 181, 183 Selection pressures, 33–35 Psychosomatic effects, 362–363 Reward circuit, 179–181, 366 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Psychotherapy, 372–381 Rico, Puerto, 111 (SSRIs), 359 anxiety disorders, 381 Rimé, Bernard, 62 Self-adaptors, 89 availability of, 381–382 Risks, 140, 314 Self-compassion, 352 cognitive-behavioral therapy, 376–377 Rituals, 49, 55, 63, 70, 79, 113, 194, 240, 243, Self-conscious emotions, 158, 206 definition of, 372 247 Self-conscious evaluative emotions, 208 depression, 381 Robins, Richard, 99 Self-construal, 64–65 emotion-focused therapy, 377–378 Rogerian counseling, 376 Selfish gene, 38 group therapy, 382 Rogers, Carl, 376 Sensitive period, 325 origins of, 372, 373 Role, loss of a, 348 Sentiment, 30 outcomes of, 378–381 Rolls, Edmund, 184 Septum, 179 psychoanalysis, 374–376 Romance of the Rose, 76 Serotonin, 172, 176, 226, 320, 359 Rogerian counseling, 376 Romania, 263, 325 Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 359 self-analysis, 382 Romantic attraction, 88, 231–232 Serotonin transporter gene, see 5-HTT gene Romantic era, 73–75 Serviceable habits, principle of, 91 Q Romanticism, 114–115, 232–233 SET (social evaluative threat), 133, 134 Quantitative genetics, 319 Romeo and Juliet (William Shakespeare), 77, Sexual activity, in primates, 45 Quoidbach, Jordi, 158 386 Sexual attraction, 34 Roseman, Ira, 153 Sexual intercourse, 234 R Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 73–75 Sexual love, 231–234 Ranehill, E., 137 Rowling, J. K., 248 Shakespeare, William, 24, 77, 230, 271, 386 Rapport, 165 Rumination, 356 , 54, 158 Rasas, 116, 117 Russell, Bertrand, 244 bodily changes associated with, 134–138 Rationality, 256 Russell, James, 163 development of, 209 Readiness, 257 Rutter, Michael, 317 vocal expression for, 104 Reappraisal, 167, 188 Rwanda, 247–248, 251 Shared intentionality, 273 Reason, passion vs., 255–256 Shared thinking: Recognition of emotions, 210–217 S and cooperation, 287, 292 brain mechanisms and, 216 Sadness: parental sensitivity, 289–290 facial expressions and, 211–213 chronic fear, 377 Sharing, verbal, 154–160 multimodal, 214–216 cognitive change, 389 Shelley, Mary, 74 and negativity bias, 216–217 and depression, 352 Shiota, Michelle, 125 postures/gestures and, 213–214 as emotion word, 155 Siblings, 300–301 vocal expressions and, 213 facial expression for, 94 differential parenting on, 323 Reconciliation, 251 in infants, 203 Simpson, Jeff, 232 Reflexes, 173 vocal expression for, 105 Sin, 15, 77 Regret, 208 Safety: Singer, Peter, 49 Regulation, 164–167 touch as signal of, 108 Singer, Tania, 21, 187, 195, 260, 271 defined, 164 Safety-regulating system, 287 Situation, changing the, 219 and emotional development, 218–224 Sagan, Carl, 120 Smallwood, Jonathan, 194 emotion, prefrontal cortex regions, 188–189 San, 42 Smiling, 110, 136, 202, 229, 244, 281 of expressive behavior, 111 Satisfaction: Smith, Phyllis, 5 and free will, 387–389 developmental influences, 370 Social Brain, 27 and personality, 284 polyhedron, 370 Social class, 245–247 poor, in children, 311 Satpute, Ajay, 185, 192 Social emotions, 206–208 Regulators, 88, 89 Scarantino, Andrea, 149 Social evaluative threat (SET), 134 Regulatory balance, 296 Schadenfreude, 156 Social inequality, 344 Relationships. See also Parent–child Schemas, 267, 374 Social interaction, coordination of, 110 relationship attachment, 287, 291 Scherer, Klaus, 102, 153 Socialization effects, 303

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Social motivations, 348 parental, 321 “Trolleyology,” 271 Social rank theory, 242 social, 240–241, 353 Trust, 110, 184, 232, 239, 260, 274, 282, 290, Social referencing, 211 Suppression, emotional, 166 328, 345–346 Social relationships, 52 Surprise, 155 Tsai, Jeanne, 68, 111, 113 and emotional intelligence, 252 facial expression for, 94 Tutsi, 247, 251 friendships, 237–241 Susceptibility, differential, 318 Twin studies, 225, 292, 319–320, 349 groups, 247–248 Sweden, 379 hierarchical relationships, 241–247 Sympathetic nervous system, 122, 138 U intimate relationships, 230–237 Sympathy, 21 Uganda, 52 Social Relations Model, 286 Synapses, 170 Ultimatum Game, 259 Social rituals, 243 Synchronization, 292 Unconditioned stimulus, 178 Social role, 24 System 1, 263–264, 270 Unconscious processes, 265 Social sharing, 155 System 2, 263–264, 270 Undesirable social attention, 127 Social skills, 209, 294, 301 Systems models, 318 United States: Social support: Sznycer, Daniel, 242 income inequality in, 345 and depression, 242 prevalence of mental disorders in, 346 from friends, 240–241 T Up (film), 4 Socioeconomic conditions, 328–329 Tactile communication, 107 Ur-emotions, 149, 161 Sociological approach, 24 Tahiti, 156 Urgency, 6 Sociopathy, acquired, 184 Taiwanese, 155 Us-versus-them thinking, 251 Somatic marker hypothesis, 140 Tannen, Deborah, 78 South Africa, 251 Taste, sense of, 35 V Sperry, Roger, 27 Teasing, 34, 48, 188, 244 Vagal complexes, 126 Spinal cord, 122 Temperament, 31, 222–226, 280, 317, 371 Vagal tone, 126, 127, 317 Split brain operations, 27 age-related changes in, 284–285 Vagus nerve, 126, 137, 138 Spontaneous emotion, 135 to personality, 282–283 Valdesolo, Piercarlo, 249 Spreng, Nathan, 194 Temperamental traits, 302 Valence, 192 Sroufe, Alan., 314 Temporal lobe, 173 Value-based emotions, 61–62 Srebrenica, Bosnia, 250 Temporal regions, 193 Values, 67–69 SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), Testosterone, 132, 177, 242 Van de Ven, Niels, 243 359 Thalamus, 172, 174, 178 van Dijk, Corine, 128 Stace, Walter, 194 Theories of emotion, 28–29, 201–202 Variation, 33, 320 Stanford Prison Experiment, 387, 388 Theory of mind, 189, 209 patterns of, 152–154 Starr, Gabrielle, 194 Theory-of-mind network, 189 The Varieties of Religious Experience Status: Therapy of Desire (Martha Nussbaum), 15 (William James), 369, 382 and facial expression, 97, 98 Thrash, Todd, 129 Veiled Sentiments (Abu-Lughod, Lila), 26 and hierarchical relationships, 241–247 Thick descriptions, 60 Vervet monkeys, 106, 107 Stellar, Jennifer, 126, 133 Things Fall Apart (Chinua Achebe), 73 Ventral medial prefrontal cortex, 180 Stepher, S., 136 Ticks, 256–257 Ventral striatum, 180, 240 Stephen, P., 126 TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation), 172 Ventral tegmental area (VTA), 179 Stoicism, 13–15, 56, 256, 376 Todas, 67 Ventral vagal complex, 126 Stonewalling, 235 Tomasello, Michael, 51, 200 Verbal sharing, 154–159 Stories, 386 Tomkins, Sylvan, 22–23, 93, 134 Vertigo (film), 154 Strack, F., 136 Touch, communication by, 108–109 Violence, 71–72 Strange Situation test, 288 Toxic emotional behaviors, 235 interpersonal, 75 Stress, 130–131, 241 Trachea, 103 Violent crime, 330 Stress-diathesis hypothesis, 343 Tracy, Jessica, 99, 243 Visual cortex, 177, 186 Stress reactions, 302 Tranquilizers, 374 Vocal apparatus, 103 Striatal region, 174 Transdiagnostic models, 335 Vocal bursts, 104 Striatum, 180 Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 172 Vocal communication, 102–107 Styles of processing, 263–264 Transference, 374–376 Vocal cord, 103 Subcortical processes, 177–183 Trauma, 147, 343, 373 Vocal expressions, and recognition Submissive emotions, 133 Traumatic events, 373 of emotion, 213 Substance use disorders, 339–340 Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film), 189 Voice, communication of emotions with, Sucrose, 181 Tribalism, 47, 49 104–107 Sumerians, 386 Trier Social Stress Task, 130, 131 Voles, 175 Superabundance, 33 Triple-P program, see Positive parenting Vrshek-Schallhorn, Suzanne, 349 Support: programs VTA (ventral tegmental area), 179

Oatley4e_bindsub.indd 510 10/5/2018 12:49:44 PM Subject Index 511

W Wheatley, Talia, 115 World War II, 23, 72, 283, 343, 387 Wagenmakers, E. J, 136 Whitehall Studies, 362 Wozniak, David, 237 Wagner, Richard, 115 Whitman, Walt, 54 Walden Two (B.F. Skinner), 18 Whittle, Sarah, 193 Y The Waning of the Middle Ages Winkielman, Piotr, 141, 146 Yahweh, 386 (Johann Huizinger), 70 Wolfe, Tom, 341 Yanomamö, 242 Wanting, liking vs., 181 Women, cultural difference, 78 You Just Don’t Understand War trauma, 343 Wood, Adrienne, 104 (Deborah Tannen), 78 Wealth, 371 Work, 5 Welcome to the Sticks (film), 159–160 World Health Organization Z Well-being, 370–372 (WHO), 326, 340 Zajonc, Robert, 146 Well-being therapy, 378 Wordsworth, William, 73 Zimbabwe, 346

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