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Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) Parasitic on Sillago Sihama (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sillaginidae

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Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) Parasitic on Sillago Sihama (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sillaginidae Experimental Parasitology 125 (2010) 55–62 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Experimental Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yexpr Parabrachiella jarai sp. nov. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on Sillago sihama (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sillaginidae) Wojciech Piasecki a,*, Magdalena Młynarczyk a, Craig J. Hayward b,c a Division of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland b South Australian Research and Development Institute-Aquatic Sciences and the Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Lincoln Marine Science Centre, Hindmarsh Street, Port Lincoln, SA 5606, Australia c National Centre for Marine Conservation and Resource Sustainability, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1-370, Launceston Tas 7250, Australia article info abstract Article history: The presently reported study provides a detailed morphological description of the female and the male of Received 10 April 2009 a new species of the genus Parabrachiella—Parabrachiella jarai sp. nov. The parasites were sampled from Received in revised form 24 September 2009 marine fish, silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Perciformes: Sillaginidae), captured in Malaysia in 1994 and Accepted 14 October 2009 Hong Kong in 1995. The new species bears some resemblance to Parabrachiella lata (Song et Chen, Available online 20 October 2009 1976) but differs from it in details of second antenna, mandible, and maxilliped. The genus Parabrachiella currently covers 67 species including those recently transferred from Neobr- Keywords: achiella Kabata, 1979. An amended generic diagnosis is proposed for Parabrachiella and Thysanote. Some Parasite members of Parabrachiella are herewith transferred to Thysanote and some Thysanote are now placed in New species Copepoda Parabrachiella. Parabrachiella Ó 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Thysanote Fish Sillago sihama Sillaginidae 1. Introduction site species, which turned out to be a new species. One of the host fishes studied (Sillago sihama) hosted two species of the genus Lernaeopodid copepods (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) are para- Parabrachiella. One of them was P. sihama, while the other repre- sites of predominantly marine fishes, but they also infect freshwa- sented species hitherto unknown to science. The latter species is ter and brackish water species. They are one of the largest families described below as Parabrachiella jarai sp. nov. of parasitic copepods (some 250 valid species) and most exten- Another, closely related, genus is Thysanote Krøyer, 1863. Fe- sively adapted to parasitism (Kabata, 1986). Lernaeopodids are also males belonging to this genus have distinct fimbriate posterior- very host specific. and maxillary processes (Piasecki et al., 2008). The structure of Only recently the genus Parabrachiella regained its senior posi- the male body is the same as in the genus Parabrachiella. Surpris- tion. Twenty years ago Kabata (1979) established the genus Neobr- ingly, some species without maxillary processes traditionally be- achiella, to accommodate selected species of the genus Brachiella, longed to Thysanote and vice versa—species with maxillary as well as species previously assigned to other genera such as processes have been assigned to Neobrachiella. The need for pre- Parabrachiella, Probrachiella, Epibrachiella, Branchiellina, Lernaeo- paring a checklist for species of Parabrachiella prompted us to pro- poda, and Isobranchia. Boxshall and Halsey (2004) noticed that pose the species transfers, between two above-mentioned genera, the name Parabrachiella Wilson, 1915 should have priority over where necessary. the name Neobrachiella Kabata, 1979. Therefore all of the former Neobrachiella species require a transfer to Parabrachiella. 2. Materials and methods One of us (CJH) surveyed fish, in the frames of his PhD studies, and collected a number of parasite specimens, including crusta- The parasites were sampled from the operculum of a marine ceans. The presently reported study focuses on one of those para- fish, silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Forsskål) (Perciformes: Sillagini- dae), captured in Malaysia (40 fish) and Hong Kong (38 fish) in * Corresponding author. Fax: +48 91 449 6657. 1994 and 1995, respectively. Examination of specimens of related E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (W. Piasecki). sillaginids occurring in South-East Asia (Sillago parvisquamis, 0014-4894/$ - see front matter Ó 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2009.10.001 56 W. Piasecki et al. / Experimental Parasitology 125 (2010) 55–62 S. soringa, S. aeolus, S. chondropus, and Sillaginopsis panijus) and Mandible (Fig. 8) typically siphonostome with 9 teeth. Dental Middle East (Sillago arabica, S. attenuata) did not reveal those cope- formula: P2, S1, P1, S1, B4. pods, and nor was the species present on S. sihama sampled from First maxilla (Fig. 9) biramous with small endopod and promi- any other localities in South-East Asia, Middle East, eastern Africa, nent tripartite exopod. Endopod composed of short digitiform pro- Australia, and islands in the western Pacific Ocean, or on any of a cess surmounted with two setae: small terminal and larger total of 25 other sillaginid species examined. The study material subterminal. Exopod tripartite with two big digitiform processes consisted of ovigerous- and non-ovigerous females and males at- and short third one. Processes ending with conical elongate setifer- tached to females. The material studied were 10 copepod females ous processes. and 3 males from Hong Kong and 1 female from Malaysia. The Second maxillae (Fig. 10) completely fused together and form- copepods were studied under a compound microscope using a ing ‘‘maxillary trunk”. In fixed specimens contracted and wrinkled. modified ‘‘wooden slide” method of Humes and Gooding (1964). Paired openings of maxillary glands visible at base, ventrally. Details of all appendages were illustrated and described. The types Small, mushroom-shaped bulla partly hidden inside terminal collar are deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany. (Figs. 3, 4, and 10). Terminology of the body parts is consistent with that proposed Maxilliped (Figs. 11 and 12) subchelate with robust corpus and by Kabata (1979) (with some exceptions). Appendage abbrevia- long slender subchela. Corpus robust, covered by thick, wrinkled tions used throughout the text are as follows: first antenna = A1, cuticle. On its medial side single process with seta and denticulate, second antenna = A2, mandible = Mdb, first maxilla = Mx1, second semispherical pad. Subchela sub-cylindrical with single ventral maxilla = Mx2, maxilliped = Mxp. seta. Claw large (constituting almost 1/3 of subchela) with second- The siphonostomatoid mandibular dental formula (Siphonosto- ary tooth. Large auxiliary seta at base of claw, medially. matoida including Lernaeopodidae) used here was first introduced Thoracic appendages not observed. by Kurtz (1877). Kabata (1979) proposed its Anglicized version Caudal rami (Figs. 1–4) probably represented by ventral pair of which has been widely used ever since. The tip of mandible has a posterior processes. Genital process (Fig. 13) consisting of two con- row of denticles on one edge. The anterior section is occupied by ical parts partly fused together with attached spermatophores larger, primary teeth (P) with distinct interdenticular spaces. (Fig. 14) in some females examined. Sometimes those spaces feature much smaller, secondary (S) teeth. MALE (Figs. 3 and 15–22) distinctly smaller than female Posterior denticles are smaller, usually uniform in size and shape (Fig. 15); representing male structural type A (Kabata, 1979); con- (sometimes diminishing posteriorly) and they are called basal sisting of two major parts: cephalosome (0.57 mm long) and gen- teeth (B). The dental formula shows the sequence of those teeth ital trunk (0.65 mm long). Long axis of genital trunk inclined at starting from distalmost tooth (e.g., P2, S1, P1, S1, B4.). almost right angle to long axis of cephalosome. Appendages ar- Valid scientific names of host fishes were determined using ranged in undisturbed order: A1, A2, Mdb, Mx1, Mx2, Mxp. FishBase (Froese and Pauly, 2009). First antenna (Fig. 16) three-segmented. Basal segment longest with small seta (whip). Terminal segment with well developed armature consisting of 4 setae and 1 tubercle. 3. Results Second antenna (Fig. 17) biramous, elongate. Sympod cylindri- cal, unarmed. Bulbous, one-segmented, unarmed exopod dis- 3.1. Parabrachiella jarai sp. nov. (Figs. 1–22) tinctly shorter than endopod. Endopod two-segmented with basal segment with denticulate pad. Terminal segment with well FEMALE (Figs. 1–14). Body typically lernaeopodid (Figs. 1–4), developed lernaeopodid armature consisting of big, curved claw consisting of three distinct parts: cephalosome, genital trunk, and 1, big seta 2, tubercle 3 (at base of seta 2), denticulate pad 4, maxillary ‘‘trunk” (fused Mx2). Cephalosome elongate, 2.11 mm and big seta 5. long (1.96–2.25 mm), regularly cylindrical; on fixed specimens Mandible (Fig. 18) typical siphonostome with 9 teeth. Dental flexed dorsally. Genital trunk sub-spherical, or drop-shaped, formula: P2, S1, P1, S1, B5 (last basal tooth small). 2.25 mm long (1.88–2.39 mm), 1.5 mm wide (1.37–1.68 mm); its First maxilla (Fig. 19) similar as in female, although more slen- length slightly exceeding length of cephalosome. Posterior part der. Endopod
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