The radio industry By Daisy McCartney What is the radio public service broadcaster?

• A Radio Broadcaster that is seen to offer a public service by catering for a range of tastes and audiences. • Each radio station, whether commercial or public service broadcaster such as the BBC has a distinct profile and identity, and appeals to different. • The BBC is a public service broadcaster that is funded by the license fee and does not do commercials. BBC radio is both national and regional, there are over 40 local/regional stations attracting more than 9 million Listeners each week. However, their numbers have been steadily falling due to the competition from commercial broadcasters. What are the five categories of commercial radio stations in the UK ?- • National commercial radio: there are three of the stations broadcasting at the time of writing: classic FM, talkSPORT and absolute radio. • National brands: these are regional stations that have been collected into networks, sharing some programs are syndicated outfit. They are: global radio = heart, galaxy, gold and Radio X. Bauer mediaGroup = kiss and magic. Guardian media group = Real radio. • Independent local radio: these original commercial stations. There are specific to a certain area of the country and are not part of a network group . • Community radio: this is a different format from public service and commercial stations. Community stations of the local areas and produce content of interest to local people. The station is a non-profit making and are usually funded by the local community. • hospital radio: there are hundreds of these radio stations based on motorways and staff volunteers, broadcasting in the UK. Many radio presenters start out in hospital or community radio. Marketing: how does the BBC promote stations and programmes? • Cross-platform marketing. Other radio stations on BBC television will promote radio stations and events related to BBC radio. By doing so you help promote each other’s program and gain a larger target audience. • Billboard and magazine advertise mints for stations and presenters. • Each station has its own website with an umbrella website for BBC radio please allow listeners to access live audio streaming and to listen to archive programs they also provide interactive opportunities for an audience and can be accessed by global audience. • BBC radio producers promotional films focusing on a particular part of it’s outfit for example it’s presenters or news coverage. • BBC taster is an interactive service that enables the BBC to showcase experimental ideas and new talent, whilst allowing audience feedback. What are the seven codes and conventions of speech-based radio programmes ? - • The presenter:Although this can also be the case for music loud formats, the presenter in Speech lead programmes acts as an anchor to guide the discussion between various guests. • Discussions: a group of people discussing a range of topics. This sub genre of program is often a key part of radio four schedule. • Phone ends: these are affective, cheap ways of involving the listeners, who are encouraged to take part in the program and offer their point of view. • Contributors: new magazine programs such as today and p.m. on radio four invite guests who tend to be experts or knowledgeable in the topic under discussion. • Drama: radio four has a regular feature of the afternoon play. Other dramas include the long- running radio soap the archers. • Documentaries: this may be related to news it items or current affairs, or the music themed. • Outside broadcasts: reporters, presenters and mobile studios bring stories and pictures from different national and global locations. What is scheduling and how does it work in the BBC is radio programming ?- • Just like television, it’s radio station has a schedule and programs are stripped across the schedule. The regular programs for each station I broadcasted at the same time each day. The scheduling of a particular program will have been researched in order to maximise the target audience. This is still the case even now, with advances in digital technology, business can catch up on radio programs through ‘listen again’ and podcasts. • The radio more so than television, divide up at stave related to what the audience may be doing. Radios one and two both have breakfast shows, which bringing a large section of audiences who are getting ready for, or travelling to work. Same application happens at lunch and dinner time or when those are usually travelling home from work there is also late night podcasts and shows for those up in late hours such as 11pm. Who is the voice of late nights woman’s hour on radio 4 ? -

• The voice on LNWH is Lauren Laverne, she is of similar age as the target audience. Her northern accent also subverts the stereotype of the typical radio four presenter and makes her more relate well to the audience. The use of this presenter fits the target demographics for the show as the mode of address is aimed at young Females. Who regulates the radio and television broadcasting industry? And what is their role as regulators ?- • The regulators for the radio and television broadcasting industry is OfCom. The role of OfCom with regards to broadcasting is; • to ensure that a wide range of television and radio services of high quality and wide appeal is available. • To maintain plurality in the provision of broadcasting. • To adequately protect audiences against offensive or harmful material. • To protect audiences against unfairness or infringement of privacy. Key theory: how can curren and Seatons power of media industries be applied to the BBC and LNWH ? - • This is the idea that the media are controlled by a small number of companies primally driven by the logic of profit and power. • The idea that media concentration generally limits or inhibits variety, creativity and quality. • The idea that more socially diverse patterns of ownership helps to create the conditions for more varied and adventurous media productions. • The role of the BBC as a public service broadcaster and even from commercial pressures, for example selling advertising. This, in theory, gives it more scope to produce innovative and creative programs, targeting niche and diverse audiences of which LNWH is a good example. • The efforts of the BBC and its need to address a range of audiences. • The flexibility of the BBC, which funds its programs from the license fee, not from advertising revenue, To commission new programs that appeal to minority audeinces. What are the four factors that create appeal for radio audiences? – • The blind medium: it involves the sense of hearing with no visual image in this sense the median can be seen to have advantages in that it allows the audience to use their imagination. • The companion medium: the radio format provides a strong sense of personal communication for the audience. It also offers interact to opportunities audiences can text and email programs and get a mention or shout out. • The intimate medium: radio is very personal. It’s encourages intimacy by the use of direct mode of address. • The undemanding medium it’s allows the audience to do other things while A criticism of the television in the early days was that it didn’t Go around corners like radio, a listener does not need to devote their time entirely to the platforms. How Does LNWH appeal to audiences ?-

• The presenter choice • The language and mode of address find that young female target demographics • It appeals to a niche, specialised audience signified by the scheduling time • The themes of the program our subsequent podcast and a constructive to be of interest to a specialised audience • The audience is constructed through the start of the program and the choice of guests • it is available on a wide range of platforms, Allowing wider access How can you apply Stuart Hall’s reception theory to LNWH ?- • In my opinion I believe Stuart Hall’s reception theory can be applied to the late-night women’s hour by allowing the audience to be dominant or in a negotiated position. My reasoning for this is due to the fact that the show decides to exhibit a range of discussions and debates where audience members may find themselves on different sides of beliefs and actions. Therefore some audience members may be In dominant position where their beliefs are influenced by those carried out on the late night woman’s hour, however others may be in a negotiating position where they disagree with some of the views said on this programme. • The introduction of late-night women’s hour into the radio four schedule demonstrates the BBC’s awareness of the need to cater for all areas of society. The topics discussed in the program reflect what is of interest and concern to young women in society today and cater for a specific social group who have been previously underrepresented.