Initial Environmental Examination ___
March 2012
IND: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program – Jamakhandi Subproject (Tranche 3)
Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation,Government of Karnataka for the Asian Development Bank.
1 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 28 March 2012) Currency unit – rupee (INR) INR1.00 = $0.01965 $1.00 = INR 50.865
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB - Asian Development Bank SPS - Safeguards Policy Statement ASP - Activated Sludge Process BM - Bituminous Macadam CTO - consent to operate DoEEF - Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan EP Act - Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 GoI - Government of India GoK - Government of Karnataka GRM - Grievance Redress Mechanism GSB - Granular Sub-base IEE - Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB - Karnataka State Pollution Control Board MLD - Million Litre per Day MFF - multi-tranche financing facility MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL - Mean Sea Level MSS - Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP - North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC - No Objection Certificate NOx - Oxides of Nitrogen OM - Operations Manual PCC - Plain Cement Concrete PIU - project implementation unit PWD - Public Works Department SOx - Oxides of Sulphur STP - Sewage Treatment Plant RSPM - Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter TSPM - Total Suspended Particulate Matter WMM - Wet Mix Macadam WRDO - Water Resource Development Organization
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
cm - centimeter crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 km – kilometer kph - kilometer per hour lpd – liters per day m – meter
mg/l – milligrams per liter mm – millimeter MSL - mean sea level μ - 10-6 meter µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter μS/cm - micro Siemens per centimeter NTU - Nephalo turbidity unit ppm – parts per million
NOTES In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. “INR” refers to Indian rupees
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
3 TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Overview 1 B. Environmental Compliance Requirements 4 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT 4 A. Location of the Subproject 4 B.. Needs Assessment 4 C. Proposed Compenents 5 D. .Implementation Schedule 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 5 A. Physical Characteristics 7 B. .Ecological Characteristics 8 C. Socio-economic Characteristics 6 D. Historical, Cultural and Social Characteristics 7 IV. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 7 A. Design and Location of the Proposed Components 8 B. Pre-construction Stage 9 C. Construction Stage 10 D. Operation and Maintenance Stage 15 E. Cumulative Impact Assessment 16 V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 19 A. Public participation during preparation of the IEE 18 B. Future Consultations and Information Disclosure 18 C. Grievance Redress Mechanism 19 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 20 A. Institutional Arrangement 21 B. Environment Management Plan 23 C. Environmental Monitoring Program 32 D. Capacity Building and Training Needs 37 E. Monitoring and Reporting 38 VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 38
Appendixes: 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 40 2. Noise Standards 42 3. Occupational Noise Exposure 46 4. Photos of Public Consultation Held In July 2008 At The Surrounding Areas of Lakkakerre Lake 47 5. Sample Grievance Registration Form 48 6. Suggested Environmental Monitoring Report Format 49
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) in its effort to boost economic growth in the northern region is implementing the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) with assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. The broad goal of the Investment Program is to address issues pertaining to regional imbalances within Karnataka through focused urban infrastructure investments in 25 selected cities. The Program uses a multi-tranche financing facility (MFF) modality and will be implemented from 2006 to 2015. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of its operations as per its Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) addresses lake development component proposed under Tranche 3 and is based on the detailed project report (DPR).
2. Categorization. The project is considered Category B as per the SPS as no significant impacts are envisioned. This IEE assesses the environmental impacts and provides mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure no significant impacts as a result of the subproject.
3. Scope. Under Tranche 3 (proposed), the subproject will improve the condition of Lakkanakere Lake in Jamakhandi. The objectives of the subproject are to: (i) prevent further degradation and pollution of the lake; (ii) maintain inflow and outflow of the storm water drainage system to prevent shortage of water in lake as well as flooding; (iii) develop lake as healthy ecosystems and destinations for recreation; and (iv) enhance recharge of groundwater.
4. Implementation Arrangements. KUIDFC is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for overall technical supervision and execution of all subprojects funded under the Investment Program. Implementation activities will be overseen by a separate Program Management Unit (PMU) in its head office at Bangalore, in coordination with its regional office in Hubli-Dharwad and four divisional offices established to supervise the implementing agencies in each geographical area. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials, including safeguards specialists, will assist the PMU in controlling and monitoring Program implementation activities. The Implementing Agencies (IA) are primarily ULBs in co-ordination with various other agencies of GoK. Project Implementation Units (PIUs) dedicated exclusively to the project are set up in each town. The PIUs will be staffed by qualified and experienced officers and are responsible for the day-to-day activities of project implementation in the field, and will be under the direct administrative control of the PMU. Consultant teams are responsible for subproject planning and management and assuring technical quality of design and construction; and designing the infrastructure and supervising construction; and safeguards preparation.
5. Description of Environment. The subproject is located within the Jamakhandi City Municipal Corporation limits of North Karnataka. The subproject site is located in government- owned land. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the subproject location. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those which are commonly found in urban areas. The subproject areas are not located in or near legally-protected historical, cultural, and social areas. The components will support small, non- invasive interventions around the lake.
6. Environmental Management. An environmental management plan (EMP) is included as part of this IEE, which includes (i) mitigation measures for environmental impacts during implementation; (ii) an environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigating, monitoring, and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure; and (iv) a grievance redress mechanism. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs. The EMP will be included in civil work bidding and contract documents.
7. Locations and siting of the proposed infrastructures were considered to further reduce impacts. These include locating all facilities on government-owned land to avoid the need for land acquisition and relocation of people. Regardless of these actions, there will be impacts on the environment when the infrastructure is built and when it is operating. This is mainly because of the invasive (but temporary) nature of excavation during construction.
8. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the need to dispose of moderate quantities of excess soil and from the disturbance of residents, businesses, and traffic. These are common impacts of construction in urban areas, and there are well-developed methods for their mitigation. Measures such as conducting work in lean season and minimizing inconvenience by best construction methods will be employed. Once the system is operating, most facilities will operate with routine maintenance, which should not affect the environment. Facilities will need to be repaired from time to time, but environmental impacts will be much less than those of the construction period as the work will be infrequent, affecting small areas only.
9. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to be conducted during construction. The environmental monitoring program will ensure that all measures are implemented, and will determine whether the environment is protected as intended. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. Any requirements for corrective action will be reported to the ADB.
10. There were limited opportunities to provide environmental enhancements, but certain measures were included. For example, it is proposed that the subproject will: (i) employ in the workforce, to the extent possible, people who live in the vicinity of construction sites to provide them with short-term economic gain; and (ii) ensure that people employed in the longer term to maintain and operate the new facilities are residents of nearby communities.
11. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through discussions on-site and public consultation, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and in the planning and development of the subproject. The IEE will be made available at public locations in the city and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB and KUIDFC websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation. NGOs are recruited under the project to facilitate this process.
12. The most noticeable long-term benefits due to the subproject are: (i) reduced pollution and improved urban public and environmental health in Jamakhandi town; and (ii) improved the serenity in the lake and maintains good picnic conditions for the community.
13. Consultation, Disclosure, and Grievance Redress. Public consultations were done in the preparation of the project and IEE. Ongoing consultations will occur throughout the project implementation period with the assistance of the NGOs. A grievance redress mechanism is described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly.
14. Monitoring and Reporting. The PMU, PIU, and DSC consultants will be responsible for monitoring. The DSC will submit monthly monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will send semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website.
15. Conclusions and Recommendations. Therefore, the proposed Jamakhandi subproject under Tranche 3 are unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant environmental impacts, and the classification of the project as category B is confirmed, and no further special study or detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS (2009).
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I. INTRODUCTION
A. Overview
1. The Government of Karnataka (GoK) in its effort to boost economic growth in the northern region is implementing the North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) with assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. The broad goal of the Investment Program is to address issues pertaining to regional imbalances within Karnataka through focused urban infrastructure investments in 25 selected cities. The Program uses a multi-tranche financing facility (MFF) modality and will be implemented from 2006 to 2015. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of its operations as per its Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) addresses components proposed under Tranche 3 which includes lake development, and are based on the detailed project reports (DPRs).
2. Under Tranche 3, the major outputs include lake development infrastructure. These components are based on the detailed project report (DPR) and the IEE is based on an assessment of these components within the project area.
3. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of its operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans.
B. Environmental Compliance Requirements
1. ADB Policy
4. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s operations, and the requirements for Environmental Assessment are described in ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans, sector development program loans, and loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans.
5. Screening and Categorization. The nature of the environmental assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale, nature and magnitude of its potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impact are assigned to one of the following four categories:
(i) Category A. Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is required to address significant impacts. (ii) Category B. Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report. (iii) Category C. Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No 2
EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed. (iv) Category FI. Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all Projects will result in insignificant impacts.
6. Environmental Management Plan (EMP). An EMP which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment shall be prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the Project’s impact and risks.
7. Public Disclosure. The IEE will be put in an accessible place (e.g., local government offices, libraries, community centers, etc.), and a summary translated into Kannada for the project-affected people and other stakeholders. ADB will post the following safeguard documents on its website so affected people, other stakeholders, and the general public can provide meaningful inputs into the project design and implementation:
(i) Final IEE upon receipt; and (ii) Environmental Monitoring Reports submitted by PMU/PIU during project implementation upon receipt.
2. Applicable Legislations
8. The implementation of the subprojects will be governed by central, state and municipal/local environmental acts, rules, regulations, and standards. These regulations impose restrictions on the activities to minimize/mitigate likely impacts on the environment. It is the responsibility of the NKUSIP executing and implementing agencies to ensure subprojects are consistent with the legal framework, whether national, state or municipal/local. In addition, subprojects shall also be consistent with ADB SPS. The following legislations in Table 1 are applicable to the subproject.
9. Key standards include those related to drinking water quality, air quality, effluent discharge, and protected areas. Compliance is required in all stages of the project including design, construction, and operation and maintenance.
Table 1: Applicable Environmental Regulations Law Description Requirement EIA Notification The EIA Notification of 2006 and 2009 (replacing The proposed components of this the EIA Notification of 1994), set out the subproject are not listed in the EIA requirement for environmental assessment in Notification’s “Schedule of Projects India. This states that Environmental Clearance is Requiring Prior Environmental required for certain defined activities/projects, and Clearance” and thus Environmental this must be obtained before any construction Clearance is not required. work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts. Category A projects require Environmental Clearance from the National Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF). Category B projects require Environmental Clearance from the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). Water (Prevention Control of water pollution is achieved through The proposed components of this and Control of administering conditions imposed in consent subproject are not listed in the Water 3
Pollution) Act of issued under provision of the Water (Prevention (Prevention and Control of Pollution) 1974, Rules of 1975, and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974. These Act therefore will not require CFE and and amendments conditions regulate the quality and quantity of CFO. effluent, the location of discharge and the frequency of monitoring of effluents. Any component of the Project having the potential to generate sewage or trade effluent will come under the purview of this Act, its rules and amendments. Such projects have to obtain Consent for Establishment (CFE) from Karnataka Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) before starting implementation and Consent for Operation (CFO) before commissioning. The Water Act also requires the occupier of such subprojects to take measures for abating the possible pollution of receiving water bodies. Air (Prevention and The subprojects having potential to emit air Control of Pollution) pollutants into the atmosphere have to obtain The proposed components does not Act of 1981, Rules of CFE from KSPCB before starting implementation envisage the listed items requiring CFE 1982 and and CFO before commissioning the project. The or CFO. amendments. occupier of the project/facility has the responsibility to adopt necessary air pollution control measures for abating air pollution. The following will require CFE and CFO from KSPCB: (i) diesel generators; and (ii) hot mix plants, wet mix plants, stone crushers, etc. if installed for construction.
All relevant forms, prescribed fees and procedures to obtain the CFE and CFO can be found in the KSPCB website (www.kspcb.gov.in).
Noise Pollution Rule 3 of the Act specifies ambient air quality Appendix 2 provides applicable noise (Regulation and standards in respect of noise for different standards. Control) Rules, 2002 areas/zones. amended up to 2010. National Institute of NIOSH has laid down criteria for a recommended Appendix 3 provides applicable NIOSH Occupational Safety standard: occupational noise exposure. The occupational noise standards. and Health (NIOSH) standard is a combination of noise exposure Publication No. 98- levels and duration that no worker exposure shall 126 equal or exceed. Land Acquisition Act Private land acquisition is guided by the For the subproject, there will be no land of 1894 provisions and procedures in this Act. The District acquisition and no temporary Collector or any other officer designated will resettlement of shops and function as the Land Acquisition Officer on behalf establishment will be involved of the Government. There is a provision for stormwater drainage works. consent award to reduce the time for processing if the land owners are willing to agree on the price fixed by the Land Acquisition Officer. Karnataka The rule states that those who want to fell trees Permission from the Department of Preservation of Trees will have to obtain permission from the Forest will be required if trees are to be Act, 1976 Department of Forest.The Forest Dept will cut/felled. particularly look upon as sacred groves, identifies as belonging to an endangered species, or given the status of heritage, will be cut/felled. The Child Labour No child below 14 years of age will be employed No children between the age of 14 to 18 (Prohibition and or permitted to work in any of the occupations set years will be engaged in hazardous Regulation) Act, 1986 forth in the Act’s Part A of the Schedule or in any working conditions. workshop wherein any of the processes set forth in Part B of the Schedule.
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3. Applicable International Agreements
10. In addition, international conventions such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)1, Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)2, and Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance3 are applicable for selection and screening of subprojects under restricted/sensitive areas. India is a party to these conventions. For the subproject, (i) plant species found in the subproject sites are not included in the IUCN Red List; and (ii) will not alter bird migration.
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT
A. Location of the Subproject
11. The lake development works will be conducted in Lakkanakere Lake and its surrounding areas. It is located in the heart of city, surrounded by densely populated slum and low income areas, and maintained by Jamakhandi CMC. It has an area of 7 acres and 31 guntas with a capacity of 0.0457 Mcft. The existing lake is presented in Figure 1.
12. The lake was constructed by King Pattavaradhan, in 1870 AD to cater the drinking water needs of the people. Over the years due to the increase in population of the town, and due to the poor sanitation facilities this historic lake is now polluted. This lake is currently being used by the public for bathing and washing.
B. Needs Assessment
13. The Lakkanakere Lake is protected by retaining walls (bunds) on three sides while the eastern side is bounded by a hill slope. The eastern side of the lake is not protected with stone masonry wall because of the natural mountain slope, which acts as a protection wall. The Chowdayya nagar slum is situated on the mountain slope in the eastern side of the lake is discharging large quantity of wastewater to this lake.
14. The retaining wall which was constructed in 1927 needs some repair and strengthening works. Weeds and bushes in the perimeter of the lake are needed to be removed. Lighting is required to enhance the lake’s aesthetics and provide safety to the residents.
1 The IUCN provides the Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) which is a comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. The IUCN Red List is set upon precise criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. The aim is to convey the urgency of conservation issues to the public and policy makers, as well as help the international community to try to reduce species extinction. 2 CMS, also known as the Bonn Convention, recognizes that states must be the protectors of migratory species that live within or pass through their national jurisdictions, and aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their ranges. Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed on Appendix I of the Convention. CMS Parties strive towards strictly protecting these species, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them. 3 The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (also called as Ramsar Convention) provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. According to the Ramsar list of wetlands of international Importance, there are 25 designated wetlands in India which are required to be protected. Activities undertaken in the proximity of Ramsar wetlands shall follow the guidelines of the convention. 5
C. Proposed Components
15. The proposed subproject will provide secondary and tertiary storm water drains upstream of the lake to divert wastewater flow, strengthen the existing retaining wall of the lake, and provide lighting at the lake surroundings. The objective of the subproject is to preserve the Lakkanakere Lake and improve environmental sanitation of the city, through implementation of lake protection measures and provision of stormwater drains to the prioritized areas discharging in the lake. Table 2 summarizes the proposed lake development works. Figure 1 presents the proposed works.
Table 2: Description of the Lake Development Components Component Description Remarks 1. Construction of secondary 0.44 km Construction of RCC secondary storm water drain for a length of storm-water drains to 440 m with 1.2m x 1.2m size. The intercepted wastewater will be intercept the discharge into conveyed to sewage pumping station then to the STP through the the lake RCC trunk mains. 2. Construction of tertiary storm- 0.91 km Construction of RCC tertiary storm water drain for a length of 910 water drains m with 0.45m x 0.60m size near the lake to allow the rain water into the lake during rainy season. 3. Rehabilitation of existing Rehabilitation of existing stone masonry pointing work of the retaining wall of the lake and retaining wall, construction of new entrance arch, vegetation improvement of surrounding clearance of surrounding areas, and provision/rehabilitation of 30 areas numbers of RCC garden benches. 4. Provision of high mast lighting 3 numbers Provision of high mast lighting arrangement to ensure safer and for the lake more pleasant lighting atmosphere around the lake.
D. Implementation Schedule
16. The detailed project report is expected to be completed by August 2012. Construction work is likely to commence in August 2013 and will be completed by August 2015 (12 months construction period).
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
A. Physical Characteristics
17. Jamakhandi municipality is located en-route between two large and commercially important cities in Karnataka: Belgaum and Bijapur. It is located at 135 km and 58 km respectively from these two cities. It is located 85 km North West from Bagalkot district headquarters. The Jamakhandi taluk is bound by Bijapur district and Bilagi taluk on the east, Belgaum district on the west, Mudhol taluk on the south and Maharashtra state on the north.
18. Jamakhandi City is situated on a flat terrain, with predominant slope from south to north, with centrally located zones of lower elevation and peripheral zones of relatively higher elevations and hilly areas towards South and South East side of the city.
19. The altitude of Jamakhandhi is 594 m above the mean sea level. Black cotton soil is predominant in the region, which favours the growth of cotton and oil seeds. Krishna river flows
5 6 in the east – west of the city and is an important surface water source for Jamakhandi city. The subproject area falls under zone III seismicity. The region is not prone to frequent earthquakes of high intensity. It is normally affected by mild tremors, not causing damage to life or property.
20. Jamakhandi City lies in the dry and arid zones. As a result temperature in this city is a maximum of 45ºC during summer months and 10ºC during winter season months. The city experiences monsoons from June to September (wet months), winters from October to November and summers from February to June (dry months). October month is considered as the transition period from monsoon to winter. The best weather is experienced in the months of October to January.
21. Jamakhandi City is classified as low rainfall receiving area. The rainy season is experienced from June to September. The average number of rainy days in a year is only 37 days. The average annual rainfall in this city is 448.00mm (2007). The subproject area receives maximum rainfall of during the southwest monsoon in the month of July and August. During rainy season, the humidity is more and varies between 78% and 95 %.
22. The prevailing wind direction is from southwest. Local topography and slope largely influence the wind direction. The wind direction shifts to northeast during evening hours.
23. Depth of ground water table in the Jamakhandi is 16m in rainy season and 30m in summer season.
B. Ecological Characteristics
24. The sensitive and critical natural habitats such as national park, marine park, wildlife sanctuary, tiger reserve, elephant reserve, reserved forest, protested area and its buffer zone, declared special area for protecting biodiversity or wildlife habitat, estuarine area, coral reef, wet land or marshes or mangrove, cultural heritage sites, etc. were not found in the subproject area. None of the rare and endangered species of flora and fauna were observed within and surroundings of subproject area.
C. Socio-Economic Characteristics
25. The Jamakhandi CMC jurisdiction extends to 27 wards covering an area of 12.60 sq. km. The population of Jamakhandi city has grown from 48,111 in 1991 to 57,887 in 2001 with a decadal growth rate of 20.24%. Total population as per 2011 census provisional figure is 59,628. This increased population growth rate is attributed to the city being a taluka headquarter, an important trade and educational center in the region, and has a sound agricultural base that caters to the surrounding towns and villages.
26. The total number of households has increased from 7,987 in 1991 to 10,629 in 2001. The average household size is 5.6, which is well below the national average household size of 6.3 as per Census 2001. In 1991, the sex ratio was 988. The sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male population) in Jamakhandi city was is 983 in 2001. The sex ratio in the town was found to be higher than the state average of 940, and the national urban average of 901.
27. The literacy rate (percentage of literate population to the total population above 6 years of age) in Jamakhandi is 69.63% (as per 2001 census), which is lower than the state urban 7 average of 71% and national urban average of 70%. Current literacy rate is 73.0. Male literacy rate was 82.6% and female literacy rate was 63.3% (as per 2008 census). Literacy level of population (73%) was much higher than the overall literacy figure of 69.63% as per 2001 Census. The main reason for the high literacy rate is due to the presence of a good number of educational institutions and the other governmental offices in the town.
28. Medium and small-scale industries operate in Jamakhandi town. As per Development Plan of Jamakhandi , the main industrial units present in the town are food based manufacturing units (228 numbers), fabric based units (189 numbers), wooden furnitures (78 numbers), plastic manufacturing units (6 numbers), tannery industry (23 numbers), chemical based units 916 numbers) and glass manufacturing units (1 no.). In Jamakhandi taluka, garment industrial units are at the maximum followed by food–based units.
29. Main occupation is agriculture followed by secondary occupation such as weaving, food- based industries and other industrial activities and business.
30. The workforce participation rate was 28.18% (1991 census). In 1991, about 47% of the total work force was engaged in tertiary sector followed by 27% in primary and 22% in secondary sector. This indicates that the town is primarily a trade and commerce center. However, the agricultural sector is also and important base for income in the town. The details of the workforce participation rate as per 1991 Census are indicated in the following Table 3.4. As per 2001 Census, the male workforce participation rate is 50.1% and female workforce participation rate is 13.5%. The male workforce participation (50.1%) was more than the female workforce participation (13.5%). The male workforce participation rate of Jamakhandi town is lower than the state figure of 80.41% whereas the female workforce participation rate is also lower than the state figure of 19.59%.
31. One government hospital and several private health centers (major numbers of Ayurvedic practices) were observed within the Jamakhandi CMC limits. One government school and several private schools; and pre-university college were noticed in the subproject area. The town is an important educational center.
D. Historical, Cultural and Social Characteristics
32. Other than Sri Jambukshwaranath Temple there are no other physical or cultural heritage was observed in Jamakhandi CMC limits. The subproject area is not in or near this temple.
IV. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
33. This section of the IEE reviews possible subproject-related impacts, in order to identify issues requiring further attention and screen out issues of no relevance. ADB SPS (2009) require that impacts and risks will be analyzed during pre-construction, construction, and operational stages in the context of the subproject’s area of influence.
34. The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist (General) in http://www.adb.org/documents/guidelines/environmental_assessment/eaguidelines002.asp was used to screen the subproject for environmental impacts and to determine the scope of the IEE investigation. The completed Checklist is given in Appendix 1.
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35. In the case of this subproject (i) most of the individual elements are relatively small and involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant; (ii) most of the predicted impacts are associated with the construction process, and are produced because that process is invasive, involving excavation and earth movements; and (iii) being located in the lake area and surroundings of the city, will not cause direct impact on biodiversity values. The subproject will be in properties held by the local government and access to the subproject location is thru public rights-of-way and existing roads hence, land acquisition and encroachment on private property will not occur.
36. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact.
37. Screening of potential environmental impacts are categorized into four categories considering Investment Program phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre construction phase), construction phase impacts and operation and maintenance phase impacts.
(i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site. (ii) Design impacts include impacts arising technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services. (iii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. (iv) O and M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the lake. These include routine management of operational waste streams, occupational health and safety issues and impacts on environmental conditions associated with the operation stage of the subproject components pertain to impacts due to enhanced picnic activities.
A. Design and Location of the Proposed Components
38. Stormwater Drainage Network. Land acquisition is not required. The subproject sites are located in existing right of ways (RoWs) and government-owned land. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the subproject location. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those which are commonly found in urban areas. The components will support small, non-invasive interventions. Traffic management will be necessary during stormwater drainage improvement on busy roads.
39. Lake Development. Land acquisition is not required. The site is approachable by access road. The work will not encroach into any forest, and the construction material will not be stored on forest lands. There are no protected areas, wetlands, mangroves, or estuaries in or near the subproject location. Trees, vegetation (mostly shrubs and grasses), and animals are those which are commonly found in urban areas. The components will support small, non- invasive interventions.
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40. Table 3 summarizes the design basis of the subproject.
Table 3: Summary of Design of the Subproject Parameter Design Consideration Lake Retaining Walls Strengthening Design standards and norms prescribed by the Irrigation Department of India are adopted while designing the bund height, slopes and top width. The slope of embankment is checked by slip circle analysis for stability. Shape of Storm Water Drain In order to maintain the uniformity to the existing as well as on-going storm water drains rectangular shape is adopted for the proposed improvement works. Lining of Storm Water Drain Whether or not a channel should be provided with a non-erodible lining depends mainly on an evaluation of the cost of right-of-way, minimum and maximum velocities, soil stability and characteristics, availability of materials, and aesthetics. Internal cement mortar lining is considered for better performance of drain for the proposed works. Hydraulic Requirements It is required to evaluate the hydraulic and economic aspects of free boards, bends, transitions and junctions. Freeboard, the vertical distance from the water surface to the top of the channel, furnishes an allowance for minor surface fluctuations and waves, which will occur in a channel. In addition it will provide a factor of safety for extraordinary flows. 10 % of the depth of the drain may be considered as free board. It should not be used as a catch-all for inadequate design. The water surface elevations should be computed for both uniform and non-uniform flow and an estimate should be made for the rise in water surface at channel bends. Bends in storm channels wherever possible should have a relatively long radius. Sharp bends cause greater surface disturbance and waves.
B. Pre-Construction Stage
41. Social and Cultural Resources. Any work involving ground disturbance can uncover and damage archaeological and historical remains. For this subproject, excavation will occur in lake area and existing drainage alignment, so it could be that there is a medium risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, the Construction Supervision Specialist (CSS)/Divisional Environment Specialist (DES) will:
(i) Consult Jamakhandi CMC to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site; (ii) Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of high risk; (iii) Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available; and (iv) Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognised and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved.
42. Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and
9 10 disposal areas. Priority is to locate these facilities near the subproject sites but at least 100 meters away from the construction site. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered for setting up camps to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near lake, water bodies, swamps, or in areas which will inconvenience the community.
43. Site selection of sources of materials. Extraction of materials can disrupt natural land contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural drainage patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution. To mitigate the potential environmental impacts, locations of quarry site/s and borrow pit/s (for loose material other than stones) will be assessed by CSS. Priority would be sites already permitted by Mining Department. If other sites are necessary, these would be located away from population centers, drinking water intakes and streams, cultivable lands, and natural drainage systems; and in structurally stable areas even if some distance from construction activities. It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of Jamakhandi CMC. If additional quarries will be required after construction is started, then the construction contractor shall use the mentioned criteria to select new quarry sites, with written approval of PIU.
44. Disposal of excess excavated materials and construction wastes. The CSS will identify the disposal method and sites. It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to manage all construction wastes.
C. Construction Stage
45. Although construction of the subproject components involves quite simple techniques of construction work, the invasive nature of work and the subproject location in the lake will result to impacts to the environment and sensitive receptors such as residents, businesses, and the community in general. Table 4 presents an indication of what activities and facilities are likely to be undertaken during construction works, including the associated inputs and outputs.
Table 4: Summary of Activities and Facilities, Resource Use, and Outputs during Construction Stage Activities and Facilities Inputs/Resource Use Outputs/Waste Production Construction camp and its Cement Waste concrete and other associated facilities (including lay- Chemical additives used in construction rubble down areas) concrete (i.e. retarders) Used fuels, lubricants, Storage camps and lay-down Paving blocks/bricks solvents and other hazardous areas Aggregate (sand and stone) waste Materials and equipment Gravel General waste stockpiles Water Contaminated soil with Handling and storage of Drinking, cooking and petrochemicals (i.e. oils and hazardous materials including sanitation at construction camps lubricants) and other chemicals chemicals additives, gravel, cement, Water for dust suppression Sewage and grey water concrete and lubricants Water applied to base and (temporary construction camp Source of water sub-base layers during compaction sanitation) Vegetation clearance Water for application to Spoil material (excess soil Bulk earthworks, grading and sub-base and base layers prior to removed during excavations) contouring. compaction Noise and vibrations Movement of construction (construction vehicles and 11
Activities and Facilities Inputs/Resource Use Outputs/Waste Production staff, equipment and materials Petrochemicals machinery) Noise and vibrations Other Lighting at construction Dust suppression chemicals/lubricants/paints camps, equipment yards and lay- Waste production and Construction vehicles, down areas temporary storage/disposal i.e. used machinery and equipment Plant material removed fuels, waste concrete, spoil materials Temporary energy supply to from servitude/right-of-way during and general waste construction camps vegetation clearance Rehabilitation of disturbed Labour Smoke and fumes areas Recruitment of construction Fires used for cooking and Interaction between workforce space heating (construction camps) construction workforce and local Skills training Vehicle exhaust emissions communities Public movement control Management of the passing need barriers (not just danger tape) pedestrians and points of congestion to protect people during construction Reminders to affected people of construction with timeframes
46. Anticipated impacts are temporary, short duration, site-specific and can be reduced by method of working and scheduling of work. The impacts during the construction stage are generic to the construction activities and not expected to be significant. All construction activities to be undertaken at the site will be approved by PIU before start of any such activity. Hence, the EMP emphasizes on the construction impacts and necessary mitigation measures to be strictly followed by the contractor and supervised by the Design and Supervision Consultants (DSC).
47. Sources of Materials. Significant amount of gravel, sand, and cement will be required for this subproject. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) The material sources permitted by government; (ii) Verify suitability of all material sources and obtain approval of PMU; and (iii) Submit to CSS on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.
48. Air Quality. Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation and construction will induce impacts on the air quality in the construction sites. Anticipated impacts include dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons) but temporary and during construction activities only. To mitigate the impacts, construction contractors will be required to:
(i) Consult with PMU/CSS on the designated areas for stockpiling of, soils, gravel, and other construction materials; (ii) Damp down exposed soil and any stockpiled on site by spraying with water when necessary during dry weather; (iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and other loose material when transported by trucks; and (iv) Fit all heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices which are operating correctly.
49. Surface Water Quality. Mobilization of settled silt materials/dredged slurry, run-off from stockpiled materials, and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during construction works can contaminate the water. These potential impacts are temporary and short-term duration only and to ensure these are mitigated, construction contractor will be required to:
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(i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets; (ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, consult with PIU/CSS on designated disposal areas; (iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies; (iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies; (v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). (vii) The construction contractor will be required to conduct all works on non-monsoon season. No waste water from the site will be diverted to the lake.
50. Noise Levels. Increase in noise level may be caused by excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people. Impact is negative, short-term, and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Plan activities in consultation with PIU/CSS so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance; (ii) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach; (iii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and (iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dbA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.
51. Landscape and Aesthetics. There will be some impact on landscape and visual amenities due to excavation works along the drainage alignment. The construction works will also produce excess construction materials, and solid waste such as removed concrete, wood, plants, packaging materials, empty containers, spoils, oils, lubricants, and other similar items. These impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Prepare and implement a site-specific Waste Management Plan; (ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess excavated soils; (iii) Coordinate with Jamakhandi CMC for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas; (iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (v) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (vi) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer required; and (vii) Request PIU/CSS to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work.
52. Accessibility. Hauling of construction materials and operation of equipment on-site can cause temporary traffic problems areas surrounding the lake. Potential impact is negative but short term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required 13 to:
(i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery site; (ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours; (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion; (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and (vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.
53. Socio-Economic – Income. The subproject will be located in government land and existing drainage alignment therefore the construction works will not impede access of residents and businesses. Nevertheless, the construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ii) Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to maintain access for people and vehicles; (iii) Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints.
54. Socio-Economic – Employment. Manpower will be required during the construction stage. This can result to generation of contractual employment and increase in local revenue. Thus potential impact is positive and short-term. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Employ at least 50% of the labour force, or to the maximum extent, local persons within the 2-km immediate area if manpower is available; and (ii) Secure construction materials from local market.
55. Occupational Health and Safety. Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from works. Potential impacts are negative and short-term but reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Ensure that all site personnel have a basic level of environmental awareness training; (ii) Staff operating equipment (such as excavators, loaders, etc.) shall be trained and sensitized to any potential hazards associated with their task; (iii) No operator shall be permitted to operate critical items of mechanical equipment without having been trained by the Contractor. (iv) All employees must undergo safety training and wear the necessary protective clothing; (v) A general regard for the social and ecological well-being of the site and adjacent areas is expected of the site staff. Workers need to be made aware of the following general rules: No alcohol / drugs to be present on site; Prevent excessive noise
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Construction staff are to make use of the facilities provided for them, as opposed to ad-hoc alternatives (e.g. fires for cooking, the use of surrounding bush as a toilet facility are forbidden) No fires to be permitted on site Trespassing on private / commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden Other than pre-approved security staff, no workers shall be permitted to live on the construction site No worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or for what he / she is not trained to do (vi) Develop and implement site-specific Health and Safety (H&S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use Personal Protective Equipment; (c) H&S Training4 for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents; (vii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site; (viii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers; (ix) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks; (x) Provide supplies of potable drinking water; (xi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; (xii) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers; (xiii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted; (xiv) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; (xv) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible reverse horn; (xvi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with required standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and (xvii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.
56. Community Health and Safety. Hazards posed to the public may include traffic accidents and vehicle collision with pedestrians. As location of project site is centralized to the
4 Some of the key areas that may be covered during training as they relate to the primary causes of accidents include (i) slips, trips and falls; (ii) personal protective equipment; (iii) ergonomics, repetitive motion, and manual handling; (iv) workplace transport; and (v) legislation and responsibilities. Training can provide the foundations of competence but it does not necessarily result in a competent worker. Therefore, it is essential to assess staff competence to ensure that the training provided is relevant and effective. Supervision and monitoring arrangements shall be in place to ensure that training has been effective and the worker is competent at their job. The level of supervision and monitoring required is a management decision that shall be based on the risks associated with the job, the level of competence required, the experience of the individual and whether the worker works as part of a team or is a lone worker. 15 lake hence health and safety risk to community is minimum. Potential impact is negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak-pedestrian activities. (ii) Liaise with PIU/CSS in identifying risk areas on route cards/maps. (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. (iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions, in case of location near the road.
57. Work Camps. Operation of work camps can cause temporary air and noise pollution from machine operation, water pollution from storage and use of fuels, oils, solvents, and lubricants. Potential impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Consult with PIU/CSS before locating project offices, sheds, and construction plants; (ii) Minimize removal of vegetation and disallow cutting of trees; (iii) Provide water and sanitation facilities for employees; (iv) Prohibit employees from poaching wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; (v) Train employees in the storage and handling of materials which can potentially cause soil contamination; (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures which are no longer required; and (ix) Request PIU/CSS to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work.
58. Social and Cultural Resources. For this subproject, only limited excavation will occur at specific locations, so it could be that there is a low risk of such impacts. Nevertheless, the construction contractor will be required to:
(i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance finds in any excavation work; (ii) Request PIU/CSS or any authorized person with archaeological/historical field training to observe excavation; (iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; and (iv) Inform PIU/CSS if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ.
D. Operation and Maintenance Stage
59. Jamakhandi CMC will be the asset owner after completion and successful commissioning of the subproject. Presently sufficient staff is available for regular maintenance of lake and lake surroundings and Jamakhandi CMC is also allocating sufficient provisions for regular maintenance in their regular budget also.
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60. The As-Built plans and photographs detailing construction dimensions, materials, and installed conditions will be provided by the construction contractors. The photos will feature how the components will be maintained. Any repairs will be small-scale involving manual, temporary, and short-term works involving regular checking and recording of performance for signs of deterioration of the lake environment.
61. One of the main O&M activities will be maintenance of removal of blockages in the stormwater drains, lake retaining walls, and surrounding areas. Necessary man-power, implements and resources will be ensured; proper training and operational manual will be provided for the maintenance staff. Inspection, maintenance, and operation procedures are needed to ensure the public safety. The construction contractors (under defect liability period) and eventually Jamakhandi CMC will:
(i). perform routine and annual safety inspections; (ii). document the inspections; (iii). document maintenance related costs; and (iv). routinely observe water flows and levels.
62. For recurrence of blockage and leakage problems, although impact is likely to be minimal due to the new and well-designed, efficient system, it should be ensured that restoration time is minimized to the extent possible.
E. Cumulative Impact Assessment
63. The cumulative impact assessment (CIA) examined the interaction between the subproject’s residual effects (i.e., those effects that remain after mitigation measures have been applied) and those associated with other past, existing, and reasonably foreseeable future projects or activities. The interaction of residual effects associated with multiple projects and activities can result in cumulative impacts, both positive and negative. The subproject’s potential cumulative effects were considered with respect to valued components (VCs) in environmental, socioeconomic, and heritage resources categories, in four areas:
(i). of any potential residual project effects that may occur incrementally over time; (ii). in consideration of other known relevant projects or activities within the specified study area boundaries, even if not directly related to the subproject; (iii). of any potential overlapping impacts that may occur due to other developments, even if not directly related to the proposed project; and (iv). in future developments that is reasonably foreseeable and sufficiently certain to proceed.
64. The subproject IEE has identified the VCs as air quality, water (surface and groundwater) quality, noise, geophysical (hydrogeological), traffic management, socioeconomic and sociocommunity, cultural resources, and human health. There are no foreseeable projects which will overlap with the subproject. The spatial boundary of the subproject is the area along the alignment and the existing RoWs. The temporal boundary can be considered as the whole Jamakhandi City.
65. Air quality effects will be seen during construction. Consequently, although emissions of common air contaminants (CAC) and fugitive dust may be elevated in proximity to active work sites, this impact will be short-term and localized to the immediate vicinity of the alignment. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions may increase as a result of project activities (i.e., vehicle and 17 equipment operation, concrete production, disposal of excavated material, disposing of residual wastes). Given the subproject’s relatively minor contribution to CAC and GHG emissions during construction, the overall significance rating of both these potential residual effects is considered negligible.
66. During construction noise levels in the immediate proximity of most work sites are expected to increase. The duration of this exposure will be relatively brief. This exposure represents a temporary, localized, adverse residual effect of low to moderate significance for affected receptors. While building damage due to ground vibrations is unlikely given the mitigation measures in place, there may be annoyance to spatially located receptors during construction. Noise levels associated with the project operations will be largely imperceptible, as the service reservoirs are located in relatively small sites within the city proper.
67. Land use/traffic management concerns will occur during construction. Site-specific mitigation measures will be implemented to address temporary disruptions to land use and access in the vicinity of the alignment, such as road and sidewalk closures, traffic delays and detours, parking modifications, and increased volumes of construction-related traffic. There should be improved traffic movement along the alignment once construction is completed. Since the subproject will be built in undeveloped land earmarked for service reservoirs purposes, it will not conflict with existing or planned land use. However, following improvement in infrastructures and services, added residential developments, commercial and business facilities, and increased densities are expected to develop and enhance the subproject area. This can be considered a long-term cumulative benefit of the subproject.
68. Adverse impacts such as localized disruption of vehicle traffic and pedestrian movements in areas along the alignment, elevated CAC and fugitive dust emissions in proximity to work sites, elevated noise and vibration levels, and visual impacts will occur during construction. These short-term effects will be mitigated by providing alternate travel routes or alternating traffic movements and, where possible, access to businesses, schools, and residences. However, upon completion of construction, the socio-community will benefit from improved water supply system. This is considered a long-term cumulative benefit.
69. No adverse residual effects to human health will occur as a result of subproject construction or operation. While exposure to elevated noise levels, fugitive dust, and CAC emissions will occur in proximity to subproject work sites during construction, due to their short- term, localized nature, these effects are expected to be minor and insignificant with no measurable effects on human health. The subproject operations will benefit the general public by contributing to the long-term improvement of environmental health and community livability in Jamakhandi.
V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
70. A two-tier consultation process was adopted by NKUSIP for information disclosure and making all the concerned people involved in the project. Institutional consultations were conducted with the governmental departments such as Planning Department, Urban Development Board, KSPCB, Lake Development Authority, Tourism Department and Jamkhandi CMC. After the consultations with Jamakhandi CMC, the Commissioner has certified that the current proposal for Jamakhandi suits the requirements of the Jamakhandi CMC.
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A. Public participation during the preparation of the IEE
71. The public participation process included identifying interested and affected people (stakeholders); informing and providing the stakeholders with sufficient background and technical information regarding the proposed development; creating opportunities and mechanisms whereby they can participate and raise their viewpoints (issues, comments and concerns) with regard to the proposed development; giving the stakeholders feedback on process findings and recommendations; and ensuring compliance to process requirements with regards to the environmental and related legislation.
72. A checklist of questions was kept ready and responses were elicited from people and guidelines were issued to field assistants for the purpose. The questions were kept simple for people to comprehend. Notes were made for the responses and viewpoints presented by people. The communities near Lakkanakere Lake as well as those who visit the lake for recreational purposes were consulted during topographical surveys and site visits. It was noted that people are willing to extend their cooperation as the proposed activities are supposed to enhance the overall conditions of the lake. However, the public expressed their concern regarding the traffic management activities during the construction stage which can have impact on their day-to-day activities. They also demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience.
73. Overall, the public opinion was that the implementation of the subproject components within the Jamakhandi CMC limits will be carried out without any delay, but must implement environmental mitigation measures and include proper operation and maintenance to improve the quality and aesthetics of the lake, public health and quality of life of the local communities. Table 5 summarizes the public consultation conducted in July 2008 in the surrounding areas of Lakkanakere Lake.
Table 5: Summary of Public Consultation in Surrounding Areas of Lakkanakere Lake Queries Responses 1. Does the odor and aesthetic nuisance caused by Yes. Intercepting of domestic waste pollution from the existing polluted Lakkanakere Lake will be Chowdaya Nagar slum will improve the quality of the water topped? Will there be any mosquito breeding? in Lakkanakere Lake and helps in controlling mosquitoes. 2. Will skin problems and health risks be avoided? Above mentioned response. The pollution of the lake will be controlled and the people taking bath in the lake will be free from health risks and skin problems 3. Will choking of urban drains be stopped? Yes. Routine maintenance will be done by Jamakhandi CMC which checks choking. 4. Will the lake satisfy the requirement of recreation Yes, Pollution free lake will satisfy the needs of the public. to the public?
B. Future Consultations and Information Disclosure
1. Consultation during detailed design
74. Focus-group discussions with affected persons and other stakeholders to hear their views and concerns, so that these can be addressed in subproject design wherever necessary. Regular updates on the environmental component of the subproject will be kept available at the Jamakhandi CMC, PIU, and consultants offices.
75. PIU, Jamakhandi CMC, and the apex non-government organization (NGO) will conduct information dissemination sessions and solicit the help of the local community 19 leaders/prominent citizens to encourage the participation of the people to discuss various environmental issues.
2. Consultation during construction:
76. Public meetings with affected communities (if any) to discuss and plan work programs and allow issues to be raised and addressed once construction has started; and
77. Smaller-scale meetings to discuss and plan construction work with local communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts, and provide a mechanism through which stakeholders can participate in subproject monitoring and evaluation.
3. Project Disclosure
78. Local communities will be continuously consulted regarding location of construction camps, access and hauling routes and other likely disturbances during construction. The road closure together with the proposed detours will be communicated via advertising, pamphlets, radio broadcasts, road signages, etc.
79. For the benefit of the community the summary of the IEE report in English and local languages will be published in the website of KUIDFC. It will be ensured that the hard copies of IEE are kept at places which are conveniently accessible to citizens. Electronic version of the IEE will be placed in the official website of the Jamakhandi CMC and the official website of ADB after approval of the IEE by ADB. The Jamakhandi CMC will issue Notification on the locality- wise start date of implementation of the subproject. The notice will be issued by the PIU in local newspapers one month ahead of the implementation works. Copies of the IEE will be kept in the PMU/PIU office and will be distributed to any person willing to consult the IEE.
80. A board showing the details of the project will be displayed at the construction site for the information of general public.
C. Grievance Redress Mechanism
81. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A. E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns, in addition to the functions of the committee, Grievance redress was included as additional function vide GO: No N. A. E. 167 PRJ 05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns and for the additional four towns of Shahabad, Nipanni, Illkal & Sindhanur which were included later the DLPSC was established along the function of grievance redress vide Go No N. A. E124 PRJ 2007, dated 29/11/07, hence a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project.
82. A Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) is formed to ensure that grievances are addressed in a timely manner, facilitating timely project implementation. The GRC will comprise representatives from APs (ensuring representation of vulnerable households), local government/Gulbarga ULB, Investment Program Officials – Deputy Project Director of NKUSIP, and NGOs/ community based organizations (CBOs). The GRC redresses grievances at the local-level in a consultative manner and with the participation of the affected households, or their representatives. GRC meetings will be convened as necessary to address complaints as they arise. The time and date of GRC meetings will be announced to APs by the implementing NGO and RO a week in advance. The Process of Grievances Redressal Mechanism is as
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VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
83. The EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between the PMU, consultants, and contractors. The EMP identifies activities according to the following three phases of development: (i) site establishment and preliminary activities; (ii) construction phase; and (iii) post construction/operational phase.
84. The purpose of the EMP is to ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner with the objectives of: (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with.
85. A copy of the EMP must be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP will be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included within the Contractual Clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance. It shall be noted that the Supreme Court of India5 mandates those responsible for environmental damage must pay the repair costs both to the environment and human health and the preventative measures to reduce or prevent further pollution and/or environmental damage. (The polluter pays principle).
5 Writ Petition No. 657 of 1995. The Supreme Court, in its order dated Feb.4, 2005, that "The Polluter Pays Principle means that absolute liability of harm to the environment extends not only to compensate the victims of pollution, but also to the cost of restoring environmental degradation. Remediation of damaged environment is part of the process of sustainable development.” 21
A. Institutional Arrangement
86. KUIDFC is the Executing Agency (EA) responsible for overall technical supervision and execution of all subprojects funded under the Investment Program. Implementation activities will be overseen by a separate Program Management Unit (PMU) in its head office at Bangalore, in coordination with its regional office in Hubli-Dharwad and four divisional offices established to supervise the implementing agencies in each geographical area. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials, including safeguards specialists, will assist the PMU in controlling and monitoring Program implementation activities. The Implementing Agencies (IA) are primarily ULBs in co-ordination with various other agencies of GoK. Project implementation units (PIUs) dedicated exclusively to the project are set up in each town. The PIUs will be staffed by qualified and experienced officers and are responsible for the day-to-day activities of project implementation in the field, and will be under the direct administrative control of the PMU. Consultant teams are responsible for subproject planning and management and assuring technical quality of design and construction; and designing the infrastructure and supervising construction; and safeguards preparation.
87. Environment specialists will also be appointed as part of the DSC teams to (i) update the existing IEEs in the detailed design stage; (ii) assist in the monitoring of EMP during construction stage; and (iii) prepare EIAs/IEEs for new subprojects, where required to comply with national law and/or ADB requirements.
1. Contractor
88. The Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of necessary mitigation measures as per the Bid document and agreement. EMP requirements mentioned shall be strictly adhered by the Contractor which are legally binding. The contractor shall:
(i) Comply with all applicable legislation, is conversant with the requirements of the EMP, and briefs staff about the requirements of same; (ii) Ensure any sub-contractors/ suppliers who are utilized within the context of the contract comply with the environmental requirements of the EMP. the contractor will be held responsible for non-compliance on their behalf; (iii) Supply method statements for all activities requiring special attention as specified and/or requested by the engineer or environmental expert (of engineer) during the duration of the contract; (iv) Provide environmental awareness training to staff; (v) Bear the costs of any damages/ compensation resulting from non-adherence to the EMP or written site instructions; (vi) Conduct all activities in a manner that minimizes disturbance to directly affected residents and the public in general, and foreseeable impacts on the environment. (vii) Ensure that the engineer is timely informed of any foreseeable activities that will require input from the environmental expert (of engineer). (viii) Appoint a nodal officer for implementation of EMP, community liaisoning, reporting and grievance redressal on day to day basis. (ix) Receive complaints/grievances from public, immediately implements the remedial measures and reports to the engineer (DSC) within 48 hours.
89. The Contractor is deemed not to have complied with the EMP if:
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(i) Within the boundaries of the site, site extensions and haul/ access roads there is evidence of contravention of clauses. (ii) If environmental damage ensues due to negligence. (iii) The contractor fails to comply with corrective or other instructions issued by the CSS/Consultant’s Environment Specialist/Divisional Environment Specialist/State Environment Specialist within a specified time. (iv) The Contractor fails to respond adequately to complaints from the public.
2. Construction Supervision Specialist (CSS)
(i) CSS will be monitoring the critical environmental safeguards (ii) Submit report (hard copy and soft copy) in each month for each component of the subproject to Divisional Environment Specialist
3. Design and Supervision Consultant’s Environment Specialist
(i) Revise the IEE and EMP in accordance with detailed design changes if warranted. (ii) Ensure that EMP requirements are included in the bid document and contract agreement. (iii) Prepare inventory of utilities to be affected by the subproject. (iv) Conduct environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan for the implementation of mitigation measures during construction activity. (v) Ensure statutory clearances and permits from government agencies/other entities are obtained prior to start of construction works and commissioning. (vi) Consult affected people prior to start of construction works. (vii) Ensure disclosure of information prior to start of construction works and throughout the duration of the construction period. (viii) Conduct baseline environmental conditions and inventory of affected trees (ix) Prepare monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on implementation of the mitigation measures (x) In coordination with apex NGO and divisional/regional/state Environment Specialist, conduct public consultation and disclosure during IEE process and reflect comments/issues in the IEE report. (xi) Inspect contractor’s proposed locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes (xii) Apply for all required consents, clearances, and permits prior to commissioning. (xiii) Monitor and approve post-construction activities by the contractors as specified in the EMP.
4. Divisional Environment Specialist
(i) Ensure statutory clearances and permits from government agencies/other entities are obtained prior to start of construction works and commissioning. (ii) Monitor the disclosure and public consultation. (iii) Approve contractor’s proposed locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes (iv) Approve contractor’s site-specific environmental plan (such as traffic management plan, waste management plan, locations for camp sites, storage 23
areas, lay down areas, and other sites/plans specified in the EMP). (v) Visit each city once in a month and observe the compliance of the EMP against the IEE for each sub-component. (vi) Training of officers involved in the project on EMP monitoring as given in IEE or as required. (vii) Submit a report to RO office once in a month (viii) Review monitoring report of DSC on post-construction activities by the contractors as specified in the EMP
5. Regional Environment Specialist
(i) Ensure statutory clearances and permits from government agencies/other entities are obtained prior to start of construction works and commissioning. (ii) Monitor the disclosure and public consultation. (iii) Visit subprojects in each package (atleast 2 towns) once in a month and observe the compliance of the EMP as given in the IEE for each sub-component. (iv) Training of officers involved in the project on EMP monitoring as given in IEE as required. (v) Submit consolidated reports once in a month to PMU.
6. State Environment Specialist
(i) Ensure statutory clearances and permits from government agencies/other entities are obtained prior to start of construction works and commissioning. (ii) Review the REA checklists and draft IEE (iii) Disclose on its website the approved IEE (iv) Ensure disclosure of information throughout the duration of the subproject. (v) Visit to subprojects and training as and when required. (vi) Analysis and consolidation of reports submitted by RO. (vii) Submission of 6-monthly reports to ADB.
7. ADB
(i) During detailed design stage: (a) review the REA checklists and reconfirm the categorization;(b) review and approve IEE reports; (c) disclose on its website the submitted IEE report (ii) During construction stage: review the 6-monthly report, provide necessary advice if needed to KUIDFC and approve the same. ADB will disclose on its website all submitted environmental monitoring reports.
B. Environmental Management Plan
90. The following tables show the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures and responsible parties. This EMP will be included in the bid and contract documents. The EMP will be further reviewed and updated during implementation.
Table 6: Lake Development Establishment and Preliminary Activities Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation Incorporation of Verification of contract documents DSC and CSS One-off inspection
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Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation mitigation before signing of the measures into the contract bidding and civil contract documents Legislation, (i) In all instances, KUIDFC, service DSC, CSS and Obtained prior to Permits and providers, contractors and State/Regional/Divisional moving onto site and Agreements consultants must remain in Environment Specialist during construction compliance with relevant local and national legislation; (ii) Contractor to submit proof of compliance to Air Act (in relation to stone crushers, diesel generators) Access to Site (i) Access to site will be via existing DSC and CSS Site inspection, roads. The Contractor will need to photographs, and ascertain the existing condition of the strip map prior to roads and repair damage shall not moving to site and occur due to construction. during construction (ii) The location of all affected services and servitudes must be identified and confirmed. Construction work (i) Prioritize areas within or nearest PMU. DSC and CSS to List of selected sites camps, stockpile possible vacant space in the determine locations prior to for construction work areas, storage subproject location; award of construction camps, stockpile areas, and (ii) If it is deemed necessary to locate contracts. areas, storage areas, disposal areas. elsewhere, consider sites that will not and disposal areas. promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems; (iii) Do not consider residential areas; (iv) Take extreme care in selecting sites to avoid direct disposal to lake water body. (v) The construction camp may not be situated on a floodplain or on slopes greater than 1:3. (vi) If the Contractor chooses to locate the camp site on private land, he must get prior permission from both the DSC Environment Specialist and the landowner. (v) In most cases, on-site accommodation will not be required. The construction camp can thus be comprised of: • site office • toilet facilities • designated first aid area • eating areas • staff lockers and showers (where water and waterborne sewers are available) • storage areas • batching plant (if required) • refuelling areas (if required) • maintenance areas (if required) • crushers (if required) (vi) Cut and fill must be avoided 25
Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation where possible during the set up of the construction camp. (vii) Under no circumstances may open areas or the surrounding bush be used as a toilet facility. (viii) Bins and/or skips shall be provided at convenient intervals for disposal of waste within the construction camp. (ix) Recycling and the provision of separate waste receptacles for different types of waste shall be encouraged. Sources of (i) Prioritize sites already permitted by PMU. DSC and CSS to (i) List of approved Materials the Mining Department; prepare list of approved quarry sites and (ii) If other sites are necessary, inform quarry sites and sources of sources of materials; construction contractor that it is their materials (ii) Bid document to responsibility to verify the suitability of include requirement all material sources and to obtain the for verification of approval of PMU and suitability of sources (iii) If additional quarries will be and permit for required after construction is started, additional quarry inform construction contractor to sites if necessary. obtain a written approval from PMU. Stormwater6 (i) To prevent water run-off resulting DSC, CSS and Construction site from construction activities a site- State/Regional/Divisional drainage plan specific drainage plan must be Environment Specialist submitted to the DSC Environment Specialist for approval and must include the location and design criteria of any temporary stream crossings (siting and return period etc); (ii) Temporary cut off drains and berms may be required to capture storm water and promote infiltration. Conservation of (i) No vegetation may be cleared DSC, CSS, Divisional, Tree-cutting the Natural without prior permission from the Rguonal, and State clearance and tree Environment7 DSC Environment Specialist. Environment Specialist markings prior to start (ii) Trees that are not to be cleared of construction works shall be marked beforehand with danger tape. The PMU Environment Coordinator must be given a chance to mark vegetation that is to be conserved before the Contractor begins clearing the site (iii) Care must be taken to avoid the introduction of alien plant species to the site and surrounding areas. (Particular attention must be paid to imported material) Cultural (i) Prior to the commencement of DSC, CSS, Divisional, Chance find protocol Environment construction, all staff need to know Rguonal, and State what possible archaeological or Environment Specialist historical objects of value may look
6 Serious financial and environmental impacts can be caused by unmanaged storm water. 7 Alien plant encroachment is particularly damaging to natural habitats and is often associated with disturbance to the soil during construction activities. Care must be taken to conserve existing plant and animal life on and surrounding the site.
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Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Mitigation Monitoring of Mitigation like, and to notify the DSC Environment Specialist shall such an item be uncovered. Education of site (i) Ensure that all site personnel have DSC, CSS and Conducted prior to staff on general a basic level of environmental State/Regional/Divisional moving onto site and and environmental awareness training Environment Specialist during construction conduct8 (ii) Staff operating equipment (such as excavators, loaders, etc.) shall be adequately trained and sensitized to any potential hazards associated with their task (iii) No operator shall be permitted to operate critical items of mechanical equipment without having been trained by the Contractor and certified competent by KUIDFC (iv) All employees must undergo safety training and wear the necessary protective clothing (v) A general regard for the social and ecological well-being of the site and adjacent areas is expected of the site staff. Workers need to be made aware of the following general rules: • No alcohol / drugs to be present on site; • Prevent excessive noise • Construction staff are to make use of the facilities provided for them, as opposed to ad-hoc alternatives (e.g. fires for cooking, the use of surrounding bus as a toilet facility are forbidden) • No fires to be permitted on site • Trespassing on private / commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden • Other than pre-approved security staff, no workers shall be permitted to live on the construction site • No worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or for what he / she is not trained to do Security and safety (i) Lighting on site is to be set out to DSC Environment Specialist During site set-up provide maximum security and to enable easier policing of the site, without creating a visual nuisance to local residents or businesses. Community All interested and affected persons DSC Environment Specialist 24 hours prior to shall be notified in advance of any activity known potential risks associated with the construction site and the activities on it.
8 These points need to be made clear to all staff on site before the subproject begin. 27
Table7: Lake Development Construction Stage Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring of for Mitigation Mitigation Sources of materials (i) Use quarry sites and sources Construction Construction permitted by government; Contractor Contractor Extraction of rocks and material (ii) Verify suitability of all material documentation may cause ground instability sources and obtain approval of PMU; (iii) If additional quarries will be required after construction has started, obtain written approval from PIU; and; (iv) Submit to CSS on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials. Accessibility (i) Plan transportation routes so that Construction (i) Traffic Management heavy vehicles do not use narrow local Contractor Plan; Traffic problems and conflicts roads, except in the immediate vicinity (ii) Complaints from near project location and road of delivery sites; sensitive receptors; (ii) Schedule transport and hauling (iii) Number of activities during non-peak hours; signages placed at (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas subproject location. where there is low potential for traffic congestion; (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions; (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner; (vi) Coordinate with Traffic Police for temporary road diversions and with for provision of traffic aids if transportation activities cannot be avoided during peak hours; and (vii) Notify affected sensitive receptors by providing sign boards informing nature and duration of construction works and contact numbers for concerns/complaints. (viii) Leave spaces for access between mounds of soil; (ix) During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways should be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities. Socio-economic – employment (i) Employ at least 50% of the labour Construction (i) Employment force, or to the maximum extent, local Contractor records; Generation of contractual persons within the 2-km immediate (ii) Records of sources employment and increase in area if manpower is available; and of materials local revenue (ii) Secure construction materials from local market. Dust nuisance/ air quality (i) Consult with PIU/CSS on the Construction (i) Location of designated areas for stockpiling of clay, Contractor stockpiles; Dust generation may be soils, gravel, and other construction (ii) Complaints from significant as the dry weather materials; sensitive receptors; condition prevails in the city. (ii) Damp down exposed soil and any (iii) Heavy equipment Nuisance due to dust and stockpiled on site by spraying with and machinery with air increased traffic flow due to water when necessary during dry pollution control vehicle movement for weather; devices construction activities. (iii) Use tarpaulins to cover sand and Emissions from construction other loose material when transported vehicles, equipment, and by trucks; and machinery used for excavation (iv) Fit all heavy equipment and and construction resulting to machinery with air pollution control
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Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring of for Mitigation Mitigation dusts and increase in devices which are operating correctly. concentration of vehicle-related pollutants Surface water quality (i) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill Construction (i) Areas for especially during the monsoon season Contractor stockpiles, storage of Mobilization of settled silt unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic fuels and lubricants materials, run-off from sheets; and waste materials; stockpiled materials, and (ii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and (ii) Number of silt chemical contamination from materials in the construction works. If traps installed along fuels and lubricants during spoils will be disposed, consult with drainages leading to construction works can PIU/CSS on designated disposal areas; water bodies; contaminate nearby surface (iii) Install temporary silt traps or (iii) Records of surface water quality. sedimentation basins along the water quality drainage leading to the water bodies; inspection; (iv) Place storage areas for fuels and (iv) Effectiveness of lubricants away from any drainage water management leading to water bodies; measures; (v) Dispose any wastes generated by (v) For inland water: construction activities in designated suspended solids, oil sites; and and grease, biological (vi) Conduct surface quality inspection oxygen demand according to the Environmental (BOD), and coliforms. Management Plan (EMP). Noise levels (i) Plan activities in consultation with Construction (i) Complaints from PIU/CSS so that activities with the Contractor sensitive receptors; Increase in noise level due to greatest potential to generate noise are (ii) Use of silencers in earth-moving and excavation conducted during periods of the day noise-producing equipment, and the which will result in least disturbance; equipment and sound transportation of equipment, (ii) Horns should not be used unless it barriers; materials, and people is necessary to warn other road users (iii) Equivalent day or animals of the vehicle’s approach; and night time noise (iii) Minimize noise from construction levels equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and portable street barriers the sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor; and (iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dbA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s. Existing infrastructure and (i) Obtain from PMU/CSS the list of Construction Existing Utilities facilities affected utilities and operators if any; Contractor Contingency Plan (ii) Prepare a contingency plan to Disruption of service and include actions to be done in case of damage to existing unintentional interruption of service infrastructure at specified project location Conservation of natural (i) Check vegetation clearing and tree- Construction (i) Tree-cutting environment felling have prior permission as the Contractor clearance work front progresses. (ii) Site inspection Tree-cutting, vegetation (ii) Ensure only trees that have been report clearing, and animal poaching marked beforehand are to be removed. (iii) Complaints from (iii) Prohibit site staff from gathering sensitive receptors firewood, fruits, plants, crops or any other natural material on-site or in areas adjacent to the sites (iv) Prohibit site staff from hunting of birds and animals on-site or in areas adjacent to the sites. 29
Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring of for Mitigation Mitigation Landscape and aesthetics (i) Prepare and implement site-specific Construction (i) site-specific Waste Waste Management Plan; Contractor Management Plan; Solid wastes as well as excess (ii) Avoid stockpiling of excess (ii) Complaints from construction materials excavated soils; sensitive receptors; (ii) Coordinate with Jamakhandi CMC/PWD for beneficial uses of excess excavated soils or immediately dispose to designated areas; (iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the sites; (v) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (vi) Remove all wreckage, rubbish; and (vii) Request PMU/CSS to report in writing that the necessary environmental restoration work has been adequately performed before acceptance of work. Occupational health and safety (i) Develop and implement site-specific Construction (i) Site-specific Health Health and Safety (H&S) Plan which Contractor and Safety (H&S) Occupational hazards which will include measures such as: (a) Plan; can arise during work excluding public from the site; (b) (ii) Equipped first-aid ensuring all workers are provided with stations; and use Personal Protective Equipment (iii) Medical insurance like helmet, gumboot, safety belt, coverage for workers; gloves, nose musk and ear plugs; (c) (iv) Number of H&S Training for all site personnel; (d) accidents; documented procedures to be followed (v) Supplies of potable for all site activities; and (e) drinking water; documentation of work-related (vi) Clean eating areas accidents; where workers are not (ii) Ensure that qualified first-aid can be exposed to hazardous provided at all times. Equipped first-aid or noxious stations shall be easily accessible substances; throughout the site; (vii) record of H&S (iii) Provide medical insurance orientation trainings coverage for workers; (viii) personal (iv) Secure all installations from protective equipments; unauthorized intrusion and accident (ix) % of moving risks; equipment outfitted (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking with audible back-up water; alarms; (vi) Provide clean eating areas where (xi) sign boards for workers are not exposed to hazardous hazardous areas such or noxious substances; as energized electrical (vii) Provide H&S orientation training to devices and lines, all new workers to ensure that they are service rooms housing apprised of the basic site rules of work high voltage at the site, personal protective equipment, and areas protection, and preventing injuring to for storage and fellow workers; disposal. (viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted; (ix) Ensure the visibility of workers
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Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring of for Mitigation Mitigation through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas; (x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible reverse horns; (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and (xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. (xiii) Ensure no alcohol / drugs to be present on site, no fires to be permitted on site, trespassing on private / commercial properties adjoining the site is forbidden; other than pre-approved security staff, no workers shall be permitted to live on the construction site; and no worker may be forced to do work that is potentially dangerous or for what he / she is not trained to do Community health and safety. (i) Plan routes to avoid times of peak- Construction (i) Traffic Management pedestrian activities. Contractor Plan; Traffic accidents and vehicle (ii) Liaise with PIU/CSS in identifying (ii) Complaints from collision with pedestrians high-risk areas on route cards/maps. sensitive receptors during material and waste (iii) Maintain regularly the vehicles and transportation use of manufacturer-approved parts to minimize potentially serious accidents caused by equipment malfunction or premature failure. (iv) Provide road signs and flag persons to warn. Construction camps (i) Consult with PIU/CSS before Construction (i) Complaints from locating project offices, sheds, and Contractor sensitive receptors; Temporary air and noise construction plants; (ii) Water and pollution from machine (ii) Locate the camp 100 m away from sanitation facilities for operation, water pollution from the construction site; employees; and storage and use of fuels, oils, (iii) Provide water and sanitation (iii) PMU/CSS report solvents, and lubricants facilities for employees; in writing that the (iv) Prohibit employees from poaching camp has been wildlife and cutting of trees for firewood; vacated and restored (v) Train employees in the storage and to pre-project handling of materials which can conditions potentially cause soil contamination; (vi) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse or remove from the site; (vii) Manage solid waste according to the following preference hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal to designated areas; (viii) Remove all wreckage, rubbish, or 31
Field and Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Monitoring of for Mitigation Mitigation temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required; and (ix) Request PIU/CSS to report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre-project conditions before acceptance of work. Social and cultural resources (i) Strictly follow the protocol for chance Construction Records of chance finds in any excavation work; Contractor finds Risk of archaeological chance (ii) Request PMU/CSS or any finds authorized person with archaeological field training to observe excavation; (iii) Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; and (iv) Inform PMU/CSS if a find is suspected, and take any action they require ensuring its removal or protection in situ. All necessary and adequate care should be taken to minimize the impact on protected properties If articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures or other geographically or archaeologically important materials are discovered, the excavation should be stopped and the Archaeological Department should be intimated at the earliest and all the articles received during Sewage diversion. Should be handed over to ASI.
Table 8: Lake Development Post-Construction Activities (Defects Liability Period ) Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Monitoring Mitigation Construction (i) All structures comprising the construction camp are Contractor; DSC Subproject Camp to be removed from site. Environment completion (ii) The area that previously housed the construction Specialist camp is to be checked for spills of substances such as oil, paint etc. and these shall be cleaned up. (iii) All hardened surfaces within the construction camp area shall be ripped, all imported materials removed, and the area shall be top-soiled and re-grassed using the guidelines set out in the revegetation specification that forms part of this document. (iv) The Contractor must arrange the cancellation of all temporary services. Vegetation (i) All areas that have been disturbed by construction DSC Environment Subproject activities (including the construction camp area) must Specialist completion be cleared of alien vegetation. (ii) Open areas are to be re-planted as per the revegetation specification. (iii) All vegetation that has been cleared during construction is to be removed from site or used as much as per the revegetation specification, (except for seeding alien vegetation). (iv) The Contractor is to water and maintain all planted vegetation until the end of the defects liability period and is to submit a method statement regarding this to
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Field Mitigation Measures Responsible for Monitoring of Monitoring Mitigation the DSC Environment Specialist. Land (i) (i) All surfaces hardened due to construction activities DSC Environment Subproject Restoration are to be ripped and imported materials thereon Specialist and completion removed. Contractor (ii) (ii) All rubble is to be removed from the site to an approved disposal site. Burying of rubble on site is prohibited. (iii) (iii) The site is to be cleared of all litter. (iv) Surfaces are to be checked for waste products from activities such as concreting or asphalting and cleared in a manner approved by the DSC Environment Specialist. (v) (iv) All embankments are to be trimmed, shaped and replanted to the satisfaction of the DSC Environment Specialist. (vi) (v) Borrow pits are to be closed and rehabilitated in accordance with the pre-approved management plan for each borrow pit. The Contractor shall liase with the DSC Environment Specialist regarding these requirements. (vii) (vi) The Contractor is to check that all watercourses are free from building rubble, spoil materials and waste materials. Materials and (i) Fences, barriers and demarcations associated with DSC Environment Subproject Infrastructure the construction phase are to be removed from the site Specialist and completion unless stipulated otherwise by the DSC Environment Contractor Specialist. (ii) All residual stockpiles must be removed to spoil or spread on site as directed by the DSC Environment Specialist. (iii) All leftover building materials must be returned to the depot or removed from the site. (iv) The Contractor must repair any damage that the construction works has caused to neighboring properties. General (i) A meeting is to be held on site between the DSC Contractor, DSC On completion of Environment Specialist, PMU Environment Environment the construction Coordinator and the Contractor to approve all Specialist and and maintenance remediation activities and to ensure that the site has PMU Environment phases been restored to a condition approved by the DSC Specialist Environment Specialist. (ii) Temporary roads must be closed and access across these blocked. (iii) Access or haulage roads that were built across watercourses must be rehabilitated by removing temporary bridges and any other materials placed in/or near to watercourses. Revegetation of banks or streambeds must be as necessary to stabilize these and must be approved by the DSC Environment Specialist. (iv) All areas where temporary services were installed are to be rehabilitated to the satisfaction of the DSC Environment Specialist
C. Environmental Monitoring Program
91. The following tables indicate the recommended environmental monitoring programs for 33 the lake development component. The activities identified in environmental monitoring program mainly includes site inspections and informal discussions with workers and local people and this will be the responsibility of PMU (State, Regional and Divisional level) with the assistance of DSC, costs of which are part of project management.
92. The construction contractor’s cost for site establishment, preliminary, construction, and defect liability activities will be incorporated into the contractual agreements, which will be binding on him for implementation. The air quality, surface water quality, and noise level monitoring of construction and defect liability phases will be conducted by the contractor.
Table 9: Lake Development Environmental Monitoring Program Field Responsible for Parameters Frequency Standards/ Source of Mitigation Guidelines Funds Incorporation DSC, CSS and Agreement One-off Pre- PMU (State, of mitigation State/Regional/Divisional Protocol inspection construction Regional and measures into Environment Specialist before signing activity Divisional level) the bidding of the contract and DSC costs and civil contract documents Legislation, DSC, CSS and Obtained prior Prior to award Air Act PMU (State, Permits and State/Regional/Divisional to moving onto of contracts Regional and Agreements Environment Specialist site and during Divisional level) construction and DSC costs Access to Site DSC and CSS Site inspection, prior to moving pre- PMU (State, photographs, onto site construction Regional and and strip map condition Divisional level) prior to moving and DSC costs to site and during construction Construction PMU. DSC and CSS to List of selected prior to moving pre- PMU (State, work camps, determine locations prior sites for onto site construction Regional and stockpile to award of construction construction condition Divisional level) areas, storage contracts. work camps, and DSC costs areas, and stockpile areas, disposal storage areas, areas. and disposal areas. Sources of PMU. DSC and CSS to (i) List of prior to moving approved PMU (State, Materials prepare list of approved approved onto site sources Regional and quarry sites and sources quarry sites Divisional level) of materials and sources of monthly during and DSC costs materials; construction (ii) Bid works document to include requirement for verification of suitability of sources and permit for additional quarry sites if necessary. (iii) Construction Contractor documentation
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Field Responsible for Parameters Frequency Standards/ Source of Mitigation Guidelines Funds Stormwater DSC, CSS and Construction prior to moving will not cause PMU (State, State/Regional/Divisional site drainage onto site water-logging Regional and Environment Specialist plan to adjacent and Divisional level) upstream sites and DSC costs Conservation DSC, CSS, Divisional, Tree-cutting prior to moving approved and PMU (State, of the Natural Rguonal, and State clearance and onto site marked trees Regional and Environment Environment Specialist tree markings Divisional level) prior to start of and DSC costs construction works Cultural DSC, CSS, Divisional, Chance find prior to moving all chance finds PMU (State, Environment Rguonal, and State protocol onto site Regional and Environment Specialist Divisional level) and DSC costs Education of DSC, CSS and Conducted prior to moving environmental PMU (State, site staff on State/Regional/Divisional prior to moving onto site and H&S Regional and general and Environment Specialist onto site and awareness Divisional level) environmental during and DSC costs conduct construction Security and DSC Environment During site set- prior to moving EMP PMU (State, safety Specialist up onto site Regional and Divisional level) and DSC costs Community DSC Environment Activities that 24 hours prior EMP PMU (State, Specialist and apex NGO may impede to activity Regional and access, disturb Divisional level) sensitive and DSC costs receptors Accessibility Construction Contractor (i) Traffic Monthly or as EMP Construction Management necessary in Contractor Plan; case of (ii) Complaints complaints from sensitive receptors; (iii) Number of signages placed at subproject location. Socio- Construction Contractor (i) Employment Prior to start of EMP Construction economic – records; construction Contractor employment (ii) Records of and 6-months sources of thereafter materials Dust nuisance/ Construction Contractor (i) Location of Monthly or as no increase in Construction air quality stockpiles; necessary in dust level Contractor (ii) Complaints case of from sensitive complaints receptors; (iii) Heavy equipment and machinery with air pollution control devices Surface water Construction Contractor (i) Areas for Monthly or as no increase in Construction quality stockpiles, necessary in turbidity and no Contractor storage of fuels case of solid waste at and lubricants complaints any time and waste materials; 35
Field Responsible for Parameters Frequency Standards/ Source of Mitigation Guidelines Funds (ii) Number of silt traps installed along drainages leading to water bodies; (iii) Records of surface water quality inspection; (iv) Effectiveness of water management measures; (v) For inland water: suspended solids, oil and grease, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and coliforms. Noise levels Construction Contractor (i) Complaints Monthly or as no increase in Construction from sensitive necessary in noise levels Contractor receptors; case of (ii) Use of complaints silencers in noise- producing equipment and sound barriers; (iii) Equivalent day and night time noise levels Existing Construction Contractor Existing Prior to start of pre- Construction infrastructure Utilities construction construction Contractor and facilities Contingency works conditions Plan Conservation Construction Contractor (i) Tree-cutting Prior to start of approved and Construction of natural clearance construction marked trees Contractor environment (ii) Site works and as inspection necessary in report case of (iii) Complaints complaint from sensitive receptors Landscape Construction Contractor (i) site-specific Prior to start of pre- Construction and aesthetics Waste construction construction Contractor Management works and as conditions Plan; necessary in (ii) Complaints case of from sensitive complaint receptors (iii) PMU/CSS Once during report in writing construction that the site completion
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Field Responsible for Parameters Frequency Standards/ Source of Mitigation Guidelines Funds has been vacated, cleared of any construction waste and restored to pre- project conditions Occupational Construction Contractor (i) Site-specific Prior to start of EMP Construction health and Health and construction Contractor safety Safety (H&S) work, post- Plan; orientation of (ii) Equipped new employee, first-aid monthly during stations; construction (iii) Medical works, and as insurance necessary in coverage for case of workers; complaints (iv) Number of accidents; (v) Supplies of potable drinking water; (vi) Clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances; (vii) record of H&S orientation trainings (viii) personal protective equipments; (ix) % of moving equipment outfitted with audible back- up alarms; (xi) sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Community Construction Contractor (i) Traffic Prior to and EMP Construction health and Management during road Contractor 37
Field Responsible for Parameters Frequency Standards/ Source of Mitigation Guidelines Funds safety Plan; closures and/or (ii) Complaints re-routing and from sensitive as necessary in receptors case of complaints Construction Construction Contractor (i) Complaints Monthly and as pre- Construction camps from sensitive necessary in construction Contractor receptors; case of conditions (ii) Water and complaints sanitation facilities for Once during employees construction (iii) PMU/CSS completion report in writing that the camp has been vacated and restored to pre- project conditions Social and Construction Contractor Records of As necessary EMP Construction cultural chance finds in case of Contractor resources chance finds
D. Capacity Building and Training Needs
93. A training program has been developed to build the capability of PMU, PIU, and Jamakhandi CMC in implementing the EMP. The suggested outline of the training program is presented in Table 10.
Table 10: Indicative Capacity Building and Training Program Description Contents Schedule Participants Program 1 Module 1 – Orientation 2 days PMU/DSC Orientation Investment Program Cycle of NKUSIP officials involved Program / ADBs Environmental Assessment Guidelines in the Investment Workshop for EA requirements of NKUSIP Program and Indian Environmental Laws and Regulations relating to ULB officials Implementing urban infrastructure Investment Program involved in Agency and Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure Investment NKUSIP Executing Programs implementation Agency Module 2 Environmental Assessment Process Investment Program categorization as per ADB IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports Identification of Environmental Impacts Identification Mitigation Measures Formulation of Environmental Management Plan Implementation and Monitoring Summary EIA/IEEs Review of EIA/IEE reports to comply with ADB requirements Incorporation of mitigating measures in the Investment Program design and contracts
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Description Contents Schedule Participants Program - 2 Module 1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 1 day Contractors Orientation Environmental issues related urban infrastructure during involved in Program / construction NKUSIP Workshop for Implementation of mitigation measures Supervisory Contractors and Monitoring of implementation staff of ULB Supervisory staff
Program - 3 Module – Experiences and Best Practices 1 day PMU/DSC Experience Experiences on implementation in terms of environmental (every officials Sharing concerns of implemented Investment Programs alternative ULB officials Best Practices followed year from Local NGOs the start of NKUSIP, i.e. 2010)
E. Monitoring and Reporting
94. Prior to commencement of any civil work, the contractor will submit a compliance report to DSC ensuring that all identified pre-construction environmental impact mitigation measures as detailed in the EMP will be undertaken. DSC will review the report and thereafter PMU (state, regional and divisional levels) will allow commencement of civil works.
95. PMU, PIU, and DSC will organize an induction course for the training of contractors preparing them on:
(i) EMP implementation including environmental monitoring requirements related to identified mitigation measures; and (ii) taking immediate actions to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation.
96. The PMU, PIU, and DSC consultants will be responsible for monitoring. The DSC will submit monthly monitoring reports to PMU, and the PMU will send semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website. The format of the monthly report is given in Appendix 6.
VII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
97. The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of all elements of the subproject in Jamakhandi. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction , construction, and operation of the improved infrastructure. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. These were discussed with specialists responsible for the engineering aspects, and as a result some measures have already been included in the designs for the infrastructure. This means that the number of impacts and their significance has already been reduced by amending the design.
98. The public participation processes undertaken during project design ensure stakeholders are engaged during the preparation of the IEE. The planned information disclosure measures and process for carrying out consultation with affected people will facilitate their participation during project implementation.
99. The subproject’s Grievance Redress Mechanism will provide the citizens with a platform for redress of their grievances and describes the informal and formal channels, time frame and mechanisms for resolving complaints about environmental performance. 39
100. The EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between KUIDFC, PIU, consultants and the contractors. The EMP will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner; (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with.
101. A copy of the EMP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP will be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included within the Contractual Clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance.
102. The subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts because: (i) most of the individual components involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized; (ii) in most cases the predicted impacts are likely to be associated with the construction process and are produced because the process is invasive, involving excavation, obstruction at specific construction locations, and earth movements; and (iii) being located mainly on existing facilities and built-up area will not cause direct impact on terrestrial biodiversity values. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures.
103. Therefore per ADB SPS, the subproject is classified as environmental Category B and does not require further Environmental Impact Assessment.
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APPENDIX 1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST
Instructions:
(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.
(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.
(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: IND: NKUSIP – Tranche 3 (Jamakhandi Lake Development)
Sector Division: South Asia Urban and Water Division
Screening Questions No Yes Remarks A. Project Sitting
Is the project area Densely Populated? x Heavy with Development Activities? x Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas? Cultural heritage site x Protected Area x Wetland x Mangrove x Estuarine x Buffer zone of protected area x Special area for protecting biodiversity x Bay x B. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause… . Impairment of historical/ cultural x monuments/ areas and loss/damage to these sites? . Interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring areas due to x noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.? . dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people x . Impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated x sewage? . overflows and flooding of neighboring properties x with raw sewage? . environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in x sewers? . noise and vibration due to blasting and other Due to construction activities. The EMP x construction works? includes measures to mitigate the impacts . inadequate buffer zone around pumping to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect x facilities? . social conflicts between construction workers from x other areas and community workers? . road blocking and temporary flooding due to land x excavation during the rainy season? . Noise and dust from construction activities? x Due to construction activities. The EMP 41
Screening Questions No Yes Remarks includes measures to mitigate the impacts . Traffic disturbances due to construction material Due to construction activities. The EMP x transport and wastes? includes measures to mitigate the impacts . Temporary silt runoff due to construction? x . Hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage x system? . Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage x water? . Contamination of surface and ground waters due x to sludge disposal on land? . Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which maybe contained in x sewage flow and exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge?
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APPENDIX 2: NOISE STANDARDS
A. Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2002 as amended up to 2010
Rule 3. Ambient air guality standards in respect of noise for different areas/zones (1) The ambient air quality standards in respect of noise for different areas/zones shall be such as specified below (2) The State Government shall categorize the areas into industrial, commercial, residential or silence areas/zones for the purpose of implementation of noise standards for different areas. (5) An area comprising not less than 100 metres around hospitals, educational institutions and courts may be declared as silence area/zone for the purpose of these rules.
Area Code Category of Area Limit in dB(A) Leqa Day Time Night Time A. Industrial area 75 70 B. Commercial area 65 55 C. Residential area 55 45 D. Silence zone 50 40 Notes: 1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. 2. Night time is reckoned in between 10 PM and 6 AM. 3. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 m around hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as such by the competent authority 4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority. * dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing. A “decibel” is a unit in which noise is measured. “A”, in dB(A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and corresponds to frequency response characteristics of the human ear. Leq is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period.
Rule 5. Restrictions on the use of Loud Speakers/Public Address system and sound producing instruments (2) Any sound producing instrument shall not be used at night time except in closed premises for communication within, like auditoria, conference rooms, community halls, banquet halls or during a public emergency; (4) The noise level at the boundary of the public place, where any noise source is being used shall not exceed 10 dB (A) above the ambient noise standards for the area or 75 dB (A) whichever is lower;
Rule 5A. Restrictions on the use of sound emitting construction equipments. (3) Sound emitting construction equipments shall not be used or operated during night time in residential areas and silence zones.
B. Noise limit for generator sets run with petrol or kerosene
The noise limit for generator sets run with petrol or kerosene notified by Environment (Protection) (Amendment) Rules, 2000, vide G.S.R. 742 (E), dated 25th September, 2000, at serial no. 91, and as amended by Environment (Protection) (Amendment) Rules, 2001, vide G.S.R. 628 (E), dated 30th August, 2001 and Environment (Protection) (Amendment) Rules, 43
2011, vide G.S.R. 215 (E), dated 15th March, 2011, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is as follows:
Noise Limit from September 1, 2002 September 1, 2003 Sound Power Level LWA 90 dBA 86 dBA
C. Noise limit for generator sets run with diesel
Paragraph 1: Noise limit for Generator Sets run with Diesel notified by Environment (Protection) second Amendment Rules vide GSR 371(E), dated 17th May 2002 at serial no.94 and its amendments vide GSR No 520(E) dated 1st July 2003; GSR 448(E), dated 12th July 2004; GSR 315(E) dated 16th May 2005; GSR 464(E) dated 7th August 2006; GSR 566(E) dated 29th August 2007 and GSR 752(E) dated 24th October 2008; G.S.R. 215 (E), dated 15th March, 2011 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986) is as follows:
Noise limit for diesel generator sets (up to 1000 KVA) manufactured on or after the 1st January, 2005
The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator (DG) sets with rated capacity up to 1000 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1st January, 2005 shall be 75 dB(A) at 1 metre from the enclosure surface. The diesel generator sets should be provided with integral acoustic enclosure at the manufacturing stage itself.
The implementation of noise limit for these diesel generator sets shall be regulated as given in paragraph 3 below.
2. Noise limit for DG sets not covered by paragraph 1.
Noise limits for diesel generator sets not covered by paragraph 1, shall be as follows:- 2.1 Noise from DG set shall be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating the room acoustically, at the users end. 2.2 The acoustic enclosure or acoustic treatment of the room shall be designed for minimum 25 dB (A) insertion loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the higher side ( if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to check the performance of the acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such circumstances the performance may be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient noise level, preferably, in the night time). The measurement for Insertion Loss may be done at different points at 0.5 m from the acoustic enclosure/ room, then averaged. 2.3 The DG set shall be provided with proper exhaust muffler with insertion loss of minimum 25 dB (A). 2.5 Guidelines for the manufacturers/ users of Diesel Generator sets shall be as under:- 01. The manufacturer shall offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure of 25 dB (A) insertion loss and also a suitable exhaust muffler with insertion loss of 25 dB(A). 02. The user shall make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper citing and control measures. 03. Installation of DG set must be strictly in compliance with the recommendations of the DG set manufacturer.
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04. A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.
GSR.7 dated 22 December 1998 amendment to Environment Protection Rules 1986
Standards/guidelines for control of Noise Pollution from Stationary Diesel Generator (DG) Sets.
(i) Noise Standards for DG Sets (15-500 KVA)
The total sound power level, Lw, of a DG set should be less than, 94+10 log10 (KVA), dB(A), at the manufacturing stage, where, KVA is the nominal power rating of a DG set. This level should fall by 5 dB(A) every five years, till 2007, i.e. in 2002 and then in 2007.
(ii) Mandatory acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of room for stationary DG sets (5 KVA and above)
Noise from the DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating the room acoustically.
The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for minimum 25 dB(A) Insertion Loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, which ever is on the higher side (if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to check the performance of the acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such circumstances the performance may be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient noise level, preferably, in the night time). The measurement for Insertion Loss may be done at different points at 0.5m from the acoustic enclosure/room, and then averaged.
The DG set should also be provide with proper exhaust muffler with Insertion Loss of minimum 25 dB(A). (iii) Guidelines for the manufacturers/users of DG sets (5KVA and above) 01 The manufacturer should offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure of 25 dB(A) insertion Loss and also a suitable exhaust muffler, with insertion loss of 25dB(A). 02. The user should make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG set, outside his premises, within the ambient noise 03 The manufacturer should furnish noise power levels of the unsilenced DG sets as per standards prescribed under (A). 04. The total sound power level of a DG set, at the user’s end, shall be within2 dB(a) of the total sound power level of the DG set, at the manufacturing stage as prescribed under (A). 05. Installation of a DG set must be strictly in compliance with the recommendations of the DG set manufacturer. 06. A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.
D) GSR 742(E) dated 30.08.1990 amended GSR 422 (E) dated 19 May, 1993 Noise limits for domestic appliances and construction equipments at the manufacturing stage in dB(A) Window air conditioners of 1 -1.5 tonne 68 Air coolers 60 45
Refrigerators 46 Compactors (rollers), front loaders, concentrate mixers, cranes (movable), vibrators 75 and saws
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APPENDIX 3: OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational noise exposure (NIOSH Publication no. 98-126).
Combination of noise exposure levels and duration that no worker exposure shall equal or exceed Exposure Level (dBA) Duration Hours Minutes Seconds 80 25 24 - 81 20 10 - 82 16 - - 83 12 42 - 84 10 5 - 85 8 - - 86 6 21 87 5 2 - 88 4 - - 89 3 10 - 90 2 31 - 91 2 - - 92 1 35 - 93 1 16 94 1 - - 95 - 47 37 96 - 37 48 97 - 30 - 98 - 23 49 99 - 18 59 100 - 15 - 103 - 7 30 105 - 4 43 110 - 1 29
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APPENDIX 4: PHOTOS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION HELD IN JULY 2008 AT THE SURROUNDING AREAS OF LAKKAKERRE LAKE
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APPENDIX 5: SAMPLE GRIEVANCE REGISTRATION FORM
(To be available also in Kannadaand English)
The ______Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries and comments regarding project implementation. We encourage persons with grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback. Should you choose to include your personal details but want that information to remain confidential, please inform us by writing/typing *(CONFIDENTIAL)* above your name. Thank you.
Date Place of registration Contact Information/Personal Details Name Gender * Male Age * Female Home Address Village / Town District Phone no. E-mail Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below: If included as attachment/note/letter, please tick here: How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Registered by: (Name of Official registering grievance) Mode of communication: Note/Letter E-mail Verbal/Telephonic Reviewed by: (Names/Positions of Official(s) reviewing grievance) Action Taken: Whether Action Taken Disclosed: Yes No Means of Disclosure: 49
APPENDIX 6: SUGGESTED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FORMAT
1. Introduction The components taken up for Jamkhandi are as follows. Package Sub Project Physical Completion (%) Date of Award Date of Completion
2. Status of Permissions/Consents/Clearances/Approvals Particul Sub KSPC Railw NH PW KPTCL / Forest Minor Irrigation ars Project B ays D HESCOM Irrigation
3. Field Visits & Training conducted Field Visit Date Site Visited Persons Met Remarks
Training Date Location Nature of Training Participants
4. Compliance to EMP Particulars Subprojects Compliance Compliance to EMP Design/Location. Preconstruction stage Monitoring. Construction stage monitoring Occupational health risks & Safety plan for workers
5. Redress of Grievance Sub projects Registers Maintained No of grievances Action taken received
6. Summary & Conclusions
EMP monitoring has done daily (See annexure I) on critical issues.
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Sl No: Issues/Deviations Corrective Action to be taken
City: Date Package Number: Name of Work: Date of Commencement & Completion: Description of work ongoing: Location of work ongoing: Sl Parameters Compliance Status on Date No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Signature of Program Consultant-CSS: Signature of Contractor: Signature of NKUSIP Cell –AEE:
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FIGURE 1: EXISTING LAKE AND PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS
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