Are Social Media Emancipatory Or Hegemonic? Societal Effects of Mass Media Digitization in the Case of the Sopa Discourse
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(US Innovation) Online Piracy Act of 2011
Insight Stop (U.S. Innovation) Online Piracy Act of 2011: OCTOBER 27, 2011 Yesterday the text for the Stop Online Piracy Act of 2011 was released, instantly causing an enormous, justified, uproar from online communities globally. If passed, this bill threatens to suffocate US innovation in technology, jeopardize the free flow of information online, and create further capital uncertainty for the our most innovative domestic companies. Bill Overview The bill is headed for the House of Representatives now to be heard by the House Judiciary Committee on November 16th. The authors, Representatives Lamar Smith (R-TX), John Conyers (D-MI), Bob Goodlatte (R- VA), and Howard Berman (D-CA) intended for the Stop Online Piracy Act to increase the government’s ability to disable websites deemed “foreign infringing sites.” A foreign infringing site is any “US Directed Site” that actively breaks the terms of a US law, agreement, or copyright. While this bill targets foreign sites, it applies to all sites that are “US Directed,” in other words, any site that provides content accessable by a US consumer. Net Neutrality: Enabling a Free Exchange of Information Net neutrality, in the simplest form, prohibits Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from restricting consumer’s access to information on the Internet based on content. This means that ISPs cannot block information, leaving consumers free to make informed decisions about their own online usage. While net neutrality only covers lawful content, the threat posed by the Stop Online Piracy Act is contained in a clause that allows immunity for any ISPs, search engines, domain registries, or similar gatekeepers with reasonable belief that the content is a foreign infringing site Enabling “Reasonable Doubt” as a Competitive Tool The online space is ripe for innovation because information is easily accessable and the barriers to entry are low. -
Oneorganism Ecosystem Discovered in African Gold Mine
3/19/14 One-Organism Ecosystem Discovered in African Gold Mine - Wired Science Science News for Your Neurons Share on Facebook 85 shares Tweet 7 0 Share 2 OneOrganism Ecosystem Discovered in African Gold Mine By Alexis Madrigal 10.09.08 11:19 AM Edit In the hot, dark water of a South African mine, scientists have found the world’s loneliest species. Everywhere else biologists have studied life on our planet, they’ve found communities of life, but today, biologists announced they have discovered an ecosystem that contains just a single species of bacteria. www.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/10/one-organism-ec/ 1/32 3/19/14 One-Organism Ecosystem Discovered in African Gold Mine - Wired Science In all other known ecosystems, the key functions of life — harvesting energy and elements like carbon and nitrogen from the environment — have been shared among different species. But in the water of the Mponeng gold mine, two miles under the earth’s surface, Desulforudis audaxviator carries out all of those functions by itself. In short, it’s the tidiest package of life found yet. "It is possible to pack everything necessary for maintaining life into one genome," said Dylan Chivian of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All known life forms need carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and an energy source to live. Plants need nitrogen, but can’t just pull it from the atmosphere and start using it to make amino acids. Instead, they rely on archaea for that task. Interconnections like these form the basis of an ecosystem, often cheesily called the ‘web of life’. -
The SOPA-TPP Nexus
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law American University Washington College of Law Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series 3-2012 The SOPA-TPP Nexus Jonathan Band [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/research Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, and the International Trade Law Commons Recommended Citation Band, Jonathan. 2012. The SOPA-TPP Nexus. PIJIP Research Paper no. 2012-06 American University Washington College of Law, Washington, D.C. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property and Technology, Law, & Security Program at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SOPA-TPP NEXUS 1 Jonathan Band ABSTRACT The controversy in the United States over the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) has profound implications for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement. The SOPA debate underscores the importance of striking the proper balance in intellectual property laws to promote creativity and innovation. It demonstrates that over-protection can stifle free expression and the effective operation of the Internet as a medium of communication and commerce not only within a jurisdiction, but also extraterritorially. Additionally, the debate reveals the ability of the Internet community to mobilize quickly to defeat policies that it believes threaten its existence. -
Protect IP Act Summary
Summary: The PROTECT IP Act of 2011 This Summary describes the problem of rogue websites. It also explains how the PROTECT IP Act fights back against the criminals who operate and profit from those sites. As often happens during the legislative process, the Act may undergo various versions as it moves towards eventual passage. This Summary highlights the most important components of the Act, but please note that the details described below may change prior to passage. What are Rogue Websites? So-called “rogue websites” are foreign illegal websites that make money by distributing infringing copyrighted content or selling counterfeit goods. These offshore commercial websites receive more than 53-billion hits each year, and operate overseas with impunity because they cannot be reached by U.S. law enforcement. Rogue websites don’t pay U.S. taxes, contribute to the U.S. economy, promote U.S. jobs, manufacture creative content, or promote any social values. However, they are currently financed by U.S. consumers, U.S. advertisers, U.S. credit card companies, U.S. search engines, and domain name system server operators. Illegal offshore websites threaten both U.S. businesses and consumers. They are disguised to appear legitimate, and a consumer may be unaware they are visiting an illegal website or purchasing stolen or counterfeited goods. The foreign criminals who operate rogue websites can steal identities, sell personal information, install malicious software, or provide substandard or dangerous counterfeit goods (such as defective medical devices, pharmaceuticals, military goods, and other hard goods). They operate without fear of U.S. law enforcement, even while they present a clear and present danger to U.S. -
Picket Signs Versus Pocket Books: Using U.S
Tulsa Law Review Volume 53 Issue 1 Article 4 Fall 2017 Picket Signs Versus Pocket Books: Using U.S. Securities Law to Compel Corporate Lobbying Disclosure M. Dalton Downing Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation M. D. Downing, Picket Signs Versus Pocket Books: Using U.S. Securities Law to Compel Corporate Lobbying Disclosure, 53 Tulsa L. Rev. 85 (2017). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol53/iss1/4 This Casenote/Comment is brought to you for free and open access by TU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tulsa Law Review by an authorized editor of TU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Downing: Picket Signs Versus Pocket Books: Using U.S. Securities Law to Co PICKET SIGNS VERSUS POCKET BOOKS: USING U.S. SECURITIES LAW TO COMPEL CORPORATE LOBBYING DISCLOSURE I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 86 II. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 88 A. What is “Lobbying”? .......................................................................... 88 B. The History of Corporate Lobbying .................................................... 89 C. The Expansion of Modern Corporate Lobbying ................................. 93 III. INVESTOR ENGAGEMENT FOR DISCLOSURE: INTERESTS, MOTIVATIONS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS .......................................................................................... -
Stop Online Piracy Act Nicollette Brandt
Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology Volume 8 | Number 1 January 2012 Stop Online Piracy Act Nicollette Brandt Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/okjolt Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Brandt, Nicollette (2012) "Stop Online Piracy Act," Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology: Vol. 8 : No. 1 , Article 6. Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/okjolt/vol8/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Oklahoma Journal of Law and Technology by an authorized editor of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Stop Online Piracy Act” Nicollette Brandt On January 18, 2012, thousands of websites went black in an effort to protest the “Stop Online Piracy Act,” a bill designed to broaden U.S. law enforcement’s ability to stop online trafficking of intellectual property and counterfeit goods. Internet moguls like Wikipedia, Reddit, and Mozilla blocked access to their websites to represent the effects that copyright owners could have on websites they merely accused of copyright infringement. [1, 4] Supporters of SOPA argue that the bill is meant to stop foreign piracy of American products, but “the broad language in the Senate bill may subject domestic sites to trouble if they link to foreign sites, while the House version explicitly permits whole-site takedowns of sites operating within the U.S.” [4] Under the current version of SOPA, both the government and major corporations would have the ability to request court orders to stop search engines from linking to infringing websites, bar advertisers and payment facilitators from conducting business with infringing websites, and require Internet service providers to block access to infringing websites. -
Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions That Shape Social Media
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327186182 Custodians of the internet: Platforms, content moderation, and the hidden decisions that shape social media Book · January 2018 CITATIONS READS 268 6,850 1 author: Tarleton Gillespie Microsoft 37 PUBLICATIONS 3,116 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Tarleton Gillespie on 20 December 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Custodians of the Internet platforms, content moderation, and the hidden decisions that shape social media Tarleton Gillespie CUSTODIANS OF THE INTERNET CUSTODIANS OF THE INTERNET platforms, content moderation, and the hidden decisions that shape social media tarleton gillespie Copyright © 2018 by Tarleton Gillespie. All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be repro- duced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. The Author has made this work available under the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC BY- NC- SA 4.0) (see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by- nc- sa/4.0/). An online version of this work is available; it can be accessed through the author’s website at http://www.custodiansoftheinternet.org. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e- mail sales.press@yale. edu (U.S. offi ce) or [email protected] (U.K. -
The Gettysburg Project
The Gettysburg Project: “Of the people, by the people and for the people.” Revitalizing Public Engagement in the 21st Century CASE STUDY: What Worked in the Fight for Net Neutrality August 2015 Gettysburg Project on Civic Engagement Net Neutrality case What Worked in the Fight for Net Neutrality By Edward Walker (UCLA), Michelle Miller (Coworker.org), and Sabeel Rahman (Brooklyn Law School), with Jenny Weeks In just a few decades the Internet has evolved from a file transfer service for research institutes into a central tool for modern living. As online access becomes ever more ubiquitous in daily life, internet service providers (ISPs) – the companies that make it possible for businesses, consumers and nonprofits to get online – have become a major industry, with estimated U.S. revenues of $55 billion in 2014. The United States regulates public utilities and telecommunications providers as common carriers – businesses that offer their services to the general public at published rates. Common carriers typically are allowed to create reasonable rules to help their businesses run efficiently, but are barred from discriminating against customers without a compelling reason. Since the early 2000s regulators have struggled to determine how companies that provide broadband internet service to consumers should be regulated. Large internet service providers (ISPs) such as Comcast and Time Warner Cable have argued that treating them as common carriers would raise the cost of broadband service and stifle investment in the Internet. On the other side, free speech, civil rights and social change advocates and many companies that deliver content online argue that broadband operators should not be allowed to discriminate against types of information or classes of customers. -
BEST SUPPORTING INDUSTRY the World's Eyes Are Turning to Hollywood for This Week's Academy Awards, but Harvey Weinstein's
BEST SUPPORTING INDUSTRY The world’s eyes are turning to Hollywood for this week’s Academy Awards, but Harvey Weinstein’s not the only one waging an aggressive campaign to take home the gold. The movie industry’s main trade association, the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), is making big changes to its influence operation in hopes of regaining clout in Washington. As with the plot of any good movie, the relationship between the MPAA and the federal government has had setbacks. In 2012, the MPAA pushed hard for the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA), bills targeting foreign websites posting pirated content. The lobbying effort appeared to have momentum until the technology industry rallied against the legislation, arguing it would create new restrictions on American Internet companies that would choke off innovation.1 The backlash kept the legislation from coming to a vote. Now, the MPAA is making some cast changes. The trade association hired a new lead in-house lobbyist last August, a former chief counsel to the House Energy and Commerce Committee.2 The MPAA spent $2.16 million on federal lobbying in 2013,3 an 11 percent increase over 2012.4 At the end of 2013, it ended its contracts with four of its seven outside lobbying firms.5 The MPAA has also dramatically ramped up grants to outside groups, many of which support its lobbying agenda. Those grants, many to groups that also lobby or attempt to influence elections, skyrocketed from $109,000 in 2009 to $2.4 million in 2012, a 2,134 percent increase.6 Much of the money went to political organizations, such as the Democratic and Republican governors’ associations, and to “dark money” groups that attempt to influence 1 Jonathan Weisman, In Fight Over Piracy Bill, New Economy Rises Against Old, New York Times, January 18, 2012. -
Section 512 of Title 17 a Report of the Register of Copyrights May 2020 United States Copyright Office
united states copyright office section 512 of title 17 a report of the register of copyrights may 2020 united states copyright office section 512 of title 17 a report of the register of copyrights may 2020 U.S. Copyright Office Section 512 Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The publication of this Report is the final output of several years of effort by the Copyright Office to assist Congress with evaluating ways to update the Copyright Act for the 21st century. The genesis of this Report occurred in the midst of the two years of copyright review hearings held by the House Judiciary Committee that spanned the 113th and 114th Congresses. At the twentieth and final hearing in April 2015, the Copyright Office proposed several policy studies to aid Congress in its further review of the Copyright Act. Two studies already underway at the time were completed after the hearings: Orphan Works and Mass Digitization (2015), which the Office later supplemented with a letter to Congress on the “Mass Digitization Pilot Program” (2017), and The Making Available Right in the United States (2016). Additional studies proposed during the final hearing that were subsequently issued by the Office included: the discussion document Section 108 of Title 17 (2017), Section 1201 of Title 17 (2017), and Authors, Attribution, and Integrity: Examining Moral Rights in the United States (2019). The Office also evaluated how the current copyright system works for visual artists, which resulted in the letter to Congress titled “Copyright and Visual Works: The Legal Landscape of Opportunities and Challenges” (2019). Shortly after the hearings ended, two Senators requested a review of the role of copyright law in everyday consumer products and the Office subsequently published a report, Software-Enabled Computer Products (2016). -
Funding Net Neutrality Advocacy: an Interview with the Founder and Director of the Media Democracy Fund
International Journal of Communication 10(2016), Forum 5811–5825 1932–8036/2016FRM0002 Funding Net Neutrality Advocacy: An Interview with the Founder and Director of the Media Democracy Fund BECKY LENTZ1 McGill University, Canada In this interview, Helen Brunner, founder and director of the Media Democracy Fund (MDF) and the Media Democracy Action Fund (MDAF) in the U.S., reflects on the genesis and practice of her approach to structuring networks and coalition-based campaigns to support digital rights advocacy work. The conversation contributes to scholarship on the political economy of policy influence featuring the role of philanthropy. Keywords: network neutrality, policy advocacy, money and politics, FCC, media justice, social justice philanthropy, policy influence Background One of the goals in producing this Special Section was to contextualize the net neutrality decision in a range of ways that foreground the work required to intervene on behalf of the public interest. To give us an insider’s view of the philanthropic side of consumer- and citizen-oriented advocacy work, we turned to research that Becky Lentz was doing on genres of participation in net neutrality policy advocacy, part of which included four open-ended interviews with her former philanthropy colleague, seasoned public interest funder Helen Brunner, founder of the U.S.-based Media Democracy Fund (MDF). What follows is a synthesis of these conversations highlighting Brunner’s bird’s-eye view of the labors of policy advocacy based on decades of experience supporting activism and advocacy in the arts and culture as well as media governance fields. Introduction by Becky Lentz For better or worse, and mostly behind the scenes, grant makers underwrite much of the work involved in policy advocacy. -
How Gagging Honest Reviews Harms Consumers and the Economy
S. HRG. 114–269 ZERO STARS: HOW GAGGING HONEST REVIEWS HARMS CONSUMERS AND THE ECONOMY HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 4, 2015 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 20–128 PDF WASHINGTON : 2016 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:29 May 17, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\GPO\DOCS\20128.TXT JACKIE SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JOHN THUNE, South Dakota, Chairman ROGER F. WICKER, Mississippi BILL NELSON, Florida, Ranking ROY BLUNT, Missouri MARIA CANTWELL, Washington MARCO RUBIO, Florida CLAIRE MCCASKILL, Missouri KELLY AYOTTE, New Hampshire AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota TED CRUZ, Texas RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut DEB FISCHER, Nebraska BRIAN SCHATZ, Hawaii JERRY MORAN, Kansas EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts DAN SULLIVAN, Alaska CORY BOOKER, New Jersey RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin TOM UDALL, New Mexico DEAN HELLER, Nevada JOE MANCHIN III, West Virginia CORY GARDNER, Colorado GARY PETERS, Michigan STEVE DAINES, Montana DAVID SCHWIETERT, Staff Director NICK ROSSI, Deputy Staff Director REBECCA SEIDEL, General Counsel JASON VAN BEEK, Deputy General Counsel KIM LIPSKY, Democratic Staff Director CHRIS DAY, Democratic Deputy Staff Director CLINT ODOM, Democratic General Counsel and Policy Director (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:29 May 17, 2016 Jkt 075679 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\GPO\DOCS\20128.TXT JACKIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on November 4, 2015 .......................................................................