SOME HISTORICAL NOTES on COLUMBIA 2-SPEEP

BY DAVE COLE

THE LAST TWENTY-ODD OVERyears, there has been considerable coverage given in this magazine to the technical aspects of the Columbia Two-Speed as used on Ford V-8's and other Ford products. Now, let's take a look at the Columbia from the historical standpoint and see how it fit into the overall scheme of things. First, it should be noted that the Columbia Two- Speed was not the first overdrive unit made. As ear ly as 1909, Gramm trucks were provided with an overdrive . Nor was the Columbia the first two-speed axle to be used on Fords. Remem ber that great boon to the Model T Ford owner, the Ruckstell axle? That was a two-speed unit, and over half a million of them were turned out by the � 1932 Auburn Dual Ratio rear end made by the Columbia Axle Eaton Company, of Cleveland, Manufacturing Company. Columbia two-speeds later made for Fords look nothing before the end of Model T Ohio, production like this. From Automotive Industries magazine, January 9, 1932. brought the Ruckstell to a halt, too.

COLUMBIA TWO-SPEED IN '72 AUBURN

was the Columbia Two-Speed that was Norbuilt for the Ford V-8 the first such axle from Columbia. That honor went to the 1932 Auburn. Both the Auburn Automobile Company and the Columbia Axle Company were parts of the Cord Corporation in 1932, and one of the big features of new Auburn V-12 and 8-cylinder Custom models, as well as optional equipment for the standard models, was what Auburn styled their Dual Ratio Axle. Columbia made it. In its basic concept, the Auburn Dual Ratio Axle was similar to the Columbia made for Ford V-8's� the planetary gear set that provided the alternate gear ratio was built onto the ring gear in the differ ential housing, where it was controlled by a vacu um cylinder that was operated by the driver, who twisted a handle on the dashboard to select his desired gear range and then stepped on the pedal to let engine vacuum push or pull the vacuum cylinder back or forth and thus shift the gears. Thus it worked like the axle later used in the Ford I In this sectional view looking down at an Auburn Dual Ratio axle, V-8, but in its specific design it was entirely similarities to the two-speeds made for Ford can be seen, along with different. many differences. The drive pinion enters at the top here. From Automotive Industries, January 9, 1932. In the illustrations here you can see the layout of the Auburn Dual Ratio Axle. You can see that into of the out the planetary gearset is built the left side toward the front of the , whereas on the differential, whereas in the Ford it was on the Ford the cylinder pointed off to the right-hand side right, and you'll notice the vacuum cylinder sticks of the car. Even the gear ratios were different. In

50 fact, the Auburn axles were of two types, the one for the V-12 offering ratios of 3 to 1 and 4.5 to 1, while the axle used in the 8-cylinder gave ratios of 3.5 to 1 or 5.1 to 1, neither of which was like the reduction ratio provided to the Ford V-8.

>ie~e instrument board has the axle >.';>7 /,:,;- ,i/ the center. The ride � �i:'r. ; .',�,-���� is at the extreme left

� The 1932 Auburn dashboard had the Dual Ratio axle control right in the center, below the speedometer. That's the ride control lever at the left, for adjusting the shock absorbers. Instrument panels from '32 Auburns were favorites with Ford V-8 hotrodders forty-odd years ago. From MoToR, January, 1932.

DUAL RATIO AXLE FOR FORD IN 1 974 I The new Columbia Dual-Ratio overdrive made for the Ford V-8 continued Dual Ratio axles building was pictured thus in Ford Dealer & Service Field for August, 1934.

� Columbiafor Auburns as late as 1936 as long as there The installation was similar through 1948. were any Auburns being manufactured to make axles for�and in 1934, they undertook building of conver sion kits for Ford V-8's, too. The August, 1934, issue oiFord Dealer & Service Field has a four-page centerfold insert done in blue and silver, black and white, an nouncing "A Sales Appeal Sought by Hundreds of Engineers, Now Available to Ford Dealers," and go ing on to describe Columbia Axle's new Dual-Ratio Two-Power Range Axle, with its "4.11 to 1 FORD- determined ratio" and "2.94 to 1 Overdrive Ratio." In the back ofthe magazine is an article telling that the "announcement has just been made by the Columbia Axle Company ofCleveland, Ohio, that a Dual-Ratio ' ' . . . axle is now available ... for the Ford V-Eight. It � of in explained all the benefits plenty power low B The dash control Jor the Columbia two-speed axle as mounted in a range, but easy, quiet cruising with minimal engine '34 Ford, as seen in FD&SF, August, 1934, and in early Installation Instructions. wear and sound in high range. If you have had a Columbia-equipped Ford for any length of time, you know all this verbiage from practical experience, but As the rear axle in the '34 Ford was identical to the to Ford owners of 1934 it was a revelation. The article one used in 1933, it stands to reason that the two- concluded by saying, "Dual-Ratio will be available speed kit could be used in either model. But that for both 1933 and 1934 Ford V-Eights." 1933-'34 axle was actually introduced late in 1932, and many of the parts in it have 18- part numbers, yet no claim was made that the Columbia two-speed could be used in a late '32 Ford, nor in any earlier model. In fact, some Ford owners lose sight of the fact that there ever was a Columbia axle for 1933 and '34 V-8's, because the parts lists that have been reproduced, which most V-8'ers have, all start with 1935 parts. This is because the unit was redesigned for 1935, and the newly designed parts were used for several years, representing the bulk of the units in service. The earli est kits were on the market for such a short period, V-8 's was brought out. from August to December, 1934, when the '35 mod- els were brought out, that few of them were sold, and since the entire thing was redesigned for the 1935 car, the parts for the earliest Columbias werejust not list ed. Or, it'sjust possible that early parts lists did include the '34 parts, but that few or no such lists survive in the hands of collectors. At least one copy of the 1934 Columbia Axle Instal lation Instructions survived, though, and about twenty-odd years ago it was reproduced and copies were offered at swap meets. The publication was a very thorough treatise, running 12 pages, with photo graphic illustrations and a complete layout diagram in the center, but the views showing the Columbia are so retouched that do not real housing heavily they � The Eaton-Ruckstell 2-Speed Axle introduced for Ford trucks in show what a '34 looks like. For that, ly two-speed you 1935. From an Eaton ad, FD&SF, February, 1935. can refer to the V-8 Times for January-February, 1990, not show the axle but did show the same kind where a rare surviving '34 Columbia is compared to a itself, of switch on the dashboard as was used on the cars. later one on page 51 et seq. Then, to complicate the matter even further, the Watson-Brown-Lipe auxiliary transmission for Ford OVERDRIVE FOR FORD TRUCKS trucks came along, first advertised in Ford Dealer & Service Field in 1935. This unit gave three sooner had the 1935 Fords been introduced September, ratios, and fit behind the Ford transmission, so Nothan the Ruckstell Division of Eaton Manufac right the driver could all and never use � "split gears" day turing got back into the two-speed axle business this the same combination twice. Eventually there were a time, only for Ford trucks. A big four-page announce number of Watson-Brown-Lipe boxes offered, some ment advertisement and an article describing the bene of three speeds and some of two, so a trucker had a fits of the two-speed axle for Ford trucks can be found dazzling array from which to select. in Ford Dealer & Service Field for February, 1935. Eaton The Eaton-Ruckstell two-speed was offered as an was not the only manufacturer to see a market for a after-market add-on for about three and a half years, device that would more forward in a provide speeds but in mid-1938 Ford announced that Ford trucks Ford truck, though. A month after Eaton's axle came could henceforth be ordered from the factory with out, a similar one by the Columbia Axle Company the Eaton axle, and so it was from then was introduced. two-speed on. Thus find the of this axle listed in The Eaton-Ruckstell and the Columbia two-speed you parts your 1928-1948 Ford Chassis Parts Catalogue, the so- did not about additional ' set-ups go providing gear � called 'Green Bible" each one with a big black dot ratios in the same fashion, although they were in before the number it is a part of that Eaton direct with one another. The Ruckstell showing competition axle. axle replaced the standard Ford axle, using Ford's The Columbia truck axle, on the other hand, standard "high speed" axle ratio of 5.14 to 1 plus a seems not to have been a success. It was advertised "simple planetary reduction gear" that yielded a 7.14 only during 1935 and then faded away. The Colum to 1 ratio in high gear. Of course, like any two-speed bia for the '35 Ford truck must be the rarest of all axle, the Ruckstell worked in any gear, so the driver Columbia then. Has heard of one of � axles, had forward four in the transmission anyone eight speeds these times two in the axle�so he had a much better chance surviving? of the for the load, and finding proper gear speed, gra COLUMBIAS FOR ZEPHYRS dient on which he was travelling. The Ruckstell was shifted by means of a lever that pushed or pulled a steel in 1935, the proudly rod attached to another lever on the axle itself. Lateannounced a new car for 1936, the Lincoln- for on was a The Columbia Dual-Ratio Ford Trucks, Zephyr. It futuristic-looking, streamlined car the other was used in with Ford's built for the medium hand, conjunction -priced range, and was pro ' ' other axle ratio for the or a 1935, low-speed 'power' pelled by newly-designed V-12 engine that was pat ratio of 6.6 to 1. the a terned on the Ford Here, planetary gears gave largely V-8. From the flywheel on higher ratio, 4.4 to 1. As Columbia saw it, a trucker back, however, the drive train was almost entirely could use the low ratio for heavy loads or steep identical to the Ford, even to the rear axle. Thus, the grades, and on the return trip, when travelling emp Columbia axle designed for the 1935-'36 Ford could ty, he could shift into high range for economy. just as well be used in the new Lincoln-Zephyr, and Apparently the Columbia axle for the Ford truck was Columbia lost no time in offering it. However, the the for the cars for the an shifted just like set-up passenger set-up Zephyr included entirely new con �with engine vacuum. Their advertisements did trol system, with a round knob added to the dash-

52 more than twenty thousand Zephyrs in any one year, it is remarkable that so many Columbias are found to be from Zephyrs. The Columbia two-speed became so popular in the Lincoln-Zephyr, in fact, that in April, 1937, the fac tory announced that henceforth the dual-ratio rear end would be offered as original equipment. A Co lumbia axle could be ordered in a Lincoln-Zephyr, installed at the factory. Thus, Lincoln-Zephyr part numbers were given to all the Columbia parts used in 1937 and later Zephyrs, and these parts and the ex ploded diagrams depicting them appear in Zephyr parts books beginning with April, 1937. A two- speed could still be ordered from Columbia for a Lincoln to so some � Ford and -Zephyr dealer install, Zephyrs Lincoln-Zephyr Columbia control knobs were different each to match other had Columbias, and others had year dash knobs. Some Zephyr knobs were well factory-installed them dealer-installed. identified�the one for 1939 has OVER /DRIVE in two lines, while the one for 1936 is even better identified. Othersjust have "O" Such was not the case with Ford V-8's or Mer for Overdrive. curies. Ford never accepted the Columbia as an au thorized accessory, so no Ford came from the factory with a Columbia were all in the board instead of that pointer-type switch used on the installed; they put by dealer or a mechanic of some sort. Columbia do Ford. The knob was on a rod that pulled two Bow- parts not in Ford books for the same reason. den cables at once, one leading to the vacuum switch appear parts on a bracket at the base of the steering column and the other to a speedometer cable trans compensating COLUMBIAS FOR DRIVEAWAYS mission. This arrangement must have been found to be superior to the original control system: for 1937 popularity of the Columbia axle increased and later the Ford Columbias were years, redesigned Theeach year in the late 'thirties and early 'forties, the same lines. along and so did the idea of the buyer of a new car going As popular as the Columbia was on Fords, it seems back to the factory to pick up the car himself. The it was even more so among Zephyr owners. There customer would order the car through a local dealer are several possible reasons for this. For one thing, in the late 'thirties there were at least two or three axle ratios offered for the Ford each year, so that a buyer who lived in hilly country could opt for a lower- geared rear end, and someone who drove mostly on flat ground could get a long-legged gear that gave more speed but less power. Thus, the choices offered a Ford buyer tended to minimize the demand for two rear axle ratios in the same car. It was not so for the Zephyr. It offered just one axle ratio, and a fairly low one at that�4.33 to 1 in 1936 and 4.44 to 1 there after. Moreover, a Zephyr V-12, with half again more cylinders than a V-8, generated half again more engine sound than the Ford, giving an impression that it was screaming its heart out at any speed over 50 m.p.h. This led many motorists who bought Lin coln-Zephyrs to opt for a Columbia that would cut that 4.44 to 1 axle down to 3.17 to 1 when cruising along on level ground, and the car was thus much more pleasant to drive. The result of this was that a higher proportion of Lincoln-Zephyrs than Fords were fitted with Columbia two-speeds. In fact, when you come across a pre-war Columbia axle today, you are just as likely to find that it came from a Zephyr as from a Ford or a Mercury. When you consider that there a million and over a were something between half � The Columbia Axle service station in Detroit, as seen in Ford million Ford V-8's produced each year, and seldom Dealers News, January 15, 1941.

53 B Six new Fords and Mercs await the installation of Columbia overdrives at Woodward Hancock Service in Detroit, as shown in Ford Dealers News, January 15, 1941. All parts needed for installation came banded in a big cardboard box.

axles were taken there for the installation, and then either delivered to the Ford Rotunda for owner pick up, or retained there until the customer came to get them. This matter is covered in Ford Dealers News for January 15, 1941, which also supplied some of the illustrations you see here. On the day their reporter visited the installation facility, half a dozen Fords and Mercs were in the shop to have two-speed axles in stalled. All the cars had been ordered by customers living in the west where great distances, light traffic and good straight highways made an overdrive- equipped car very desirable. The service had been established in 1937 and its business had grown tre mendously each year since then.

B Two mechanics ready a '41 Mercuryfor a Columbia axle. The car is so new it still has paper on the bumper. Here you can see how a brand-new Columbia should look�all sprayed black, with cad-plated attaching screws. How much do you figure this Columbia fresh out of the box, with complete controb, would be worth today? From Ford Dealers News, January 15, 1941. but opt to take delivery at the factory, thus saving the shipping cost and enjoying a pleasant trip in a new car on the way home. The factories called such cars driveaways. If the car was a Ford or Mercury in which the owner wished to have a Columbia axle, a problem arose�the factory did not install such things, and the dealer would not have a chance to put in the car until the owner got home with it. 1 To solve this problem, the Columbia Axle Com pany established an installation service at Casey's Woodward Hancock Service, at 4766 Woodward B Columbia Avenue in Detroit. Cars to be fitted with Columbia Axle logo used in the late '30s and early '40's.

54 while the clutch CHANCES FOR 1941 part #64828), synchro assembly (Symbol A-32) went from HB-4041 (Columbia part the 1941 Lincoln lines were introduced #63979) to 16H-4041 (Columbia part #64830). After late in When 1940, it was learned that two different World War II, when Columbia axle production was overdrives would be offered for those cars. Lincoln resumed, they continued with the 24-tooth , continued to offer the Columbia two-speed axle, and but it seems they failed to make all the changes in the in addition introduced a � Warner automatic transmis parts lists the last list published, including parts up sion overdrive. This a latter device, product of the through 1948, still shows the HB- part numbers for Warner Borg- Corporation, had been gaining favor the 24-tooth clutches. Anyone who has one of those in other makes of cars for several years, having first parts lists might avoid confusion later by noting this been used in the 1934 Chrysler Airflows. It was easi error at the top of page 5. er to control than the Columbia�above a certain

the on speed, driver just let up the gas pedal and the NO COLUMBIAS FOR 1942? overdrive shifted to high range; to shift back to stan dard all one had to do was on the accel drive, tromp appears that the Columbia Axle Company erator and the overdrive would down-shift. Iteither suspended operations in the fall of 1941, or Since the Warner overdrive was mounted just switched production to war materiel, as so many behind the while the Columbia was a transmission, other auto parts makers were doing in those months of the rear both overdrives could be in part axle, just before Pearl Harbor. Columbia axles or parts for stalled in the same car. In the fact, '41 Zephyr and the them became hard to get, and then impossible. A '41 Custom that won first and second place in the Lincoln Service Letter from the Denver branch dated in sweepstakes the Gilmore Economy Run that year October 9, 1941, alludes to the problem: were each fitted with both overdrives. "Columbia axle replacement parts will be shipped In May, 1941, Lincoln announced that the syn from Detroit for service replacements on Zephyr cars chro and clutches in the Columbia axle stationary only. No provision has been made to service Columbia had been to with the redesigned improve shifting, units installed on Ford cars. Dealers requiring replace number of teeth on both increased from 12 to parts ment parts for Ford cars should deal direct with the 24. the same was made in Presumably, change Columbia Axle Company, Cleveland, Ohio." Columbias made for Fords, but Ford made no such Ifyou read between the lines there, you can see what announcement since they had never accepted the was happening. Dealers knew that Lincoln stocked Columbia as a factory-authorized accessory. Natu Columbia parts to service the factory-authorized rally, the part numbers changed for the Lincoln in two-speeds in those cars, and they knew that the guts stallation. The stationary clutch (Symbol A-34 in of the overdrive were the same regardless of make, so Columbia's exploded diagram) went from HB-4040 when Columbia could not provide repair parts they (Columbia part #63962) to 16H-4040 (Columbia needed, they were ordering from the Lincoln stocks. Those were undoubtedly not large enough to supply all their needs, thus leading to the admonition to dealers not to order such parts for Fords. Further evidence that there were no Columbias after the autumn of 1941 can be found in the "Ask Me Another" column of Ford Field magazine for ' December, 1941 . A dealer wrote to say, 'Have a late 1941 Ford, on which we wish to install a two-speed axle, but have been told that these 2-speed passenger car axles are no longer in production. Can you put me in touch with any Ford dealer who might have one in stock?" Murray Fahnestock, Ford Field's Tech Editor, knew of none but invited any dealer who could supply one to write in. A final indication that no Columbias were avail able for 1942 cars can be found in the post-war parts lists. Although the heading reads "Ford Models 1935 to 1948," in the right-hand column titled "Models Used On," no entry that lists specific years includes 1942. You see such lists as "1937-38-39-40- 41-46-47-48 F," but no entry says "42." Of course, it is possible for a 1942 Ford to have a Columbia axle B Symbol A-32 is the Synchro Clutch; A-34 is the Stationary in it now, either one of the scarce left-over '41 type Clutch. A change was made in mid-1941 from 12 to 24 teeth on each. installed when the car was new, or one of the post-

55 war in type put several years later, but it does appear the axle went back to the lower ratio. This ehminat- that Columbia was not offering any overdrive axles ed a problem with the design used before the war, in the short run of 1942 auto during production. Lin which drivers forgot to shift back to low range when colns continued with just the Warner overdrive, coming to a stop, and found they were still in over which was available to the end of '42 production in drive when they tried to start off again. A driver ex February. pecting sparkling Ford V-8 acceleration was dis-

NEW Smoothness and NEW Finger-Flick Control Economy All you have to do to put the car New Columbia Drive re into overdrive is flick a switch and Skyway duces vibration . . . saves to 50 % on . . step the clutch . and you're up on oil . . . increases "riding on a cloud." gas mileage up to 30%.

jIJj. l'*� RIDING Of*

\ After WWII, the overdrivefor Fords and Mercuries was called "Columbia Skyway Drive." This motto appeared in ads in Ford Field in 1947.

to find that else on the POST-WAR COLUMBIA AXLES mayed anything road could beat him when this happened. Columbia said this War II was not quite over when the new system was "automatic," and it fairly well did WorldU.S. government allowed the auto industry eliminate the possibility of trying to start off in high to resume manufacturing cars, and Ford was the first range. to do so, in July, 1945. Owing to shortages ofmater ials and labor difficulties, the resumption ofauto pro duction was spasmodic and often delayed, and it was some time before all concerns were back in the auto business. For example, not until late in 1946 did the Columbia Axle Company resume manufacturing two-speed axles for Ford and Mercury. Ford Field magazine for August, 1946, carried an article heralding the return of the Columbia. "For the first time since the war," it said, "the popular Columbia overdrive axle for Ford and Mercury cars will go into production soon. Distribution will be through the nation-wide Truckstell organization and first shipments are expected to reach those out lets in September or October. Consumer sales and in stallations on the cars will be handled Ford and by B The Columbia selector switch was to be mounted through a Vz" the same that was used from Mercury dealers, plan hole in the instrument panel, halfway between the light switch and the 1935 to 1941." last bit is further evidence that throttle knob. Push to (That that toggle down select high range and it springs there were no Columbias offered in '42!) Can anyone back up again when you let go. tell us whether that Truckstell outfit was a part of Eaton at that time? Truckstell and Ruckstell are too However, it was at the expense of a considerably much alike to have been if were not more control permitted they complicated system. Not only was under the same ownership, or so it would seem. engine vacuum used to shift the axle, as before, but The planetary gear set in the rear axle was virtually an electrical circuit was required, with sundry sole identical to the pre-war units, but an entirely new noids, wires, rubber diaphragms and multifarious control system was devised. In this set-up, there was complications�all of which worked well enough no to or a switch to hold when but can to knob push pull, just toggle new, give fits the restorer of such a down while the shift was made to overdrive by de device today. pressing the clutch. As soon as the driver let go of the There were no more changes in the Columbia switch, it sprang back up to the "standard drive" Axle from late 1946 until the good old Henry Ford- position, and next time the driver let out the clutch, designed car was phased out in mid-1948. When the

56 B Except for the earliest ones, Columbia axles have a brass tag riv- etted on, showing the serial number of the axle.

Throughout the V-8 years, Ford was the only one of the Big Three in the low-priced field to have an overdrive offered for it. Chevy and Plymouth never had one. Studebaker offered a Warner transmission overdrive in all their lines including the cheapest one, the Champion, which was priced competitively with Ford, but all other makes with overdrive were priced B As improbable-looking a device as ever got bolted to a Ford cylinder well above Ford�Nash, Hudson, Packard and some head� the post-war Columbia vacuum valve assembly and the clutch of the Chrysler products. As for Columbia, they switch on a steel bracket. pedal built the two-speed axles only for Ford products, at least after Auburn quit building cars. For many years, the only overdrives in use in the U.S. were either Warner or Columbia units.

THE COLUMBIA LIVES ON!

the '49 Ford came out in mid- 1948, and Whenthe Columbia Axle Company quit for good and all, that should have been the end of it�but it wasn't. The old Ford V-8 never lost its desirability� at least among about eight thousand of us! �and the Columbia two-speed is even more popular now among owners of old Ford products than it was when it was new. A Ford V-8, Merc or Lincoln that never had a Columbia when first sold may well have one now, if its owner has been lucky enough to find the overdrive with the correct housing for his make and model, and the controls to make it work. An B The mounted on the post-war speedometer adapter assembly overdrive to make cruising quiet and effortless is cable at firewall. Engine vacuum is used to shift the gears in the speedo more desired now than ever before, with good the same time the axle shifts. straight highways all over the country now, and on all of them. A Ford V-8 can all-new 1949 Ford came out, one of its factory- high speeds prevailing with traffic all but with a authorized accessories was a Warner-type overdrive, keep up today's right, Columbia overdrive it becomes a lot more like the one the Lincoln had been using since 1941. In pleasant. numbers used The an owner faces in fact, you even find 1941 Lincoln part biggest problems gathering to a in his car in Ford overdrives as late as 1959! all the parts necessary put Columbia have to do with the correct axle and the con But there were no more dealer-installed two-speed housing axles by Columbia. The stock of Columbia parts was trols. The gear-sets are generally interchangeable all of them but the earliest but there are taken over and sold by Kaplan Auto Parts Distribut among ones, ten or eleven different ing Company, also of Cleveland, Ohio, but they are about housings, including both the and the long since gone. Ford-Mercury Lincoln-Zephyr ones. They are not always easy to distinguish from THE EARLY FORD V-8 CLUB OF INC. one another, and it may be even harder to find the AMERICA, correct one for your car. Controls are even worse because there are so many parts�the vacuum switch, IMPORTANT ADDRESSES cable fit speedometer adapter, brackets, lines, pipe, When you have an idea, a gripe, a check, an ad tings and all the rest of it�much of which changed to be printed, a renewal or an address change, from year to year, and much of it not easily dated if help us by communicating with the right party not still installed in a car. the first time. A letter addressed to the wrong can forwarded � an Further complicating the matter is the fact that the person only be unnecessary which could delay action on your request controls were saved in a much lesser proportion than step for months! the axles themselves. For years, a junkyard operator Club President . Windle would save a Columbia axle when he wrecked out a Jerry 4935 E. Mt. View Dr.

� car that had one just unbolt the tube at the San Diego, CA 92116 U-joint and burn through the spring hangers with a (619) 283-8117 cutting torch and drag the axle away. Chances were Miscellaneous Bob DuPont 600 St. good he would find a market for that. But the con Compliments Maple Gripes San Mateo, CA 94402 trols? No were scattered from one end of way! They Club Vice President (415) 343-8956 the car to the other, and it would take all day to Membership Dues . Executive Secretary remove it. to even all of Nobody wanted do that, and Address Changes P.O. Box 2122 if they had, how would they have kept all the parts Subscription Problems San Leandro, CA 94577

together? Junk yards don't usually have filing sys V-8 TIMES Advertising . Kent Jaquith tems. So it was that the axles got saved while the con (NOT Classified Ads) 760 Knight Hill Rd. Advertising Manager Zillah, WA 98953 trols got junked, and now they are exceedingly rare.

� V-8 TIMES Classified Ads 2294 Dutton Ave. That's are demand and why they expensive high Santa Rosa, CA 95407 low supply. Fortunately, there are some reproduc V-8 TIMES Contributions Bob McCoppin tion control made now. Check the Ford parts being Editor 2294 Dutton Ave. Parts section of Hemmings Motor News. Santa Rosa, CA 95407 If you get the right parts together to install a (707) 527-8710 a Columbia in your V-8, you have great accessory, Associate Editor, Midwest .... . Rusty Davis 418 Ave. and one for which the club will not deduct points in Borgess Monroe, Ml 48161 judging (provided it is correct and looks like new). In this the Columbia axle is Associate Editor, Northwest .. . John Jaeger respect, unique among 16809 SE Oatfield Road accessories that were not factory-installed or Milwaukie, OR 97267 authorized Ford. Our Official Manual by Judging Associate Editor Southeast ... . O'Donnell ' Josephine states that 'points in a reasonable amount must be 2600 Pfefferkorn Rd. deducted for accessories not approved or released by W. Friendship, MD 21794 Ford Motor Company at the time the vehicle would Member's Representative . (See "Executive Directory" on the National Board have been delivered to the first retail customer." But in your Club Roster)

then it goes on to state, "No deductions will be Technical Advice . (See the "CARespondence Shop Talk" Advisors, made for a Columbia overdrive installation of proper elsewhere in this issue) style for the year. ..." Such a concession Club Accessories� back . John Dolim underscores the Ford V-8 owners have high regard issues of the V-8 TIMES 140 Kingsdale Dr. for their Columbia two-speed axles. � Need a Certificate of Walnut Creek, CA 94596 Insurance for club events

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