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PM_Amsterdam13_cover 17/11/04 15:08 Page 1 13 World Heritage papers3 World Heritage papers Linking Universal and Local Values and Universal Linking Linking Universal and Local Values: Managing a Sustainable Future for World Heritage A Conference organized by the Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO, in Collaboration with the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science 22–24 May 2003 L’union des valeurs universelles et locales : La gestion d’un avenir durable pour le patrimoine mondial ’union des valeurs universelles et locales des ’union • L Une conférence organisée par la Commission nationale des Pays-Bas pour l’UNESCO, en collaboration avec le Ministère néerlandais de l’Éducation, de la Culture et des Sciences 22–24 mai 2003 For more information contact: UNESCO World Heritage Centre papers 7, place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France Cover photo: Luang Prabang, Laos, ‘Integrated Community Development and Tel : 33 (0)1 45 68 18 76 Cultural Heritage Site Preservation in Asia and the Pacific Through Local Effort - LEAP’ Fax : 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 (UNESCO Office of the Regional Advisor for E-mail : [email protected] Culture in Asia and the Pacific, UNESCO orld Heritage W Bangkok Office). http://whc.unesco.org paper; printed on chlorine free Cover paper interior printed on recycled RectoVerso Design by PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 1 Linking Universal and Local Values: Managing a Sustainable Future for World Heritage A Conference organized by the Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO, in Collaboration with the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science 22–24 May 2003 Editors Eléonore de Merode, Rieks Smeets and Carol Westrik L’union des valeurs universelles et locales : La gestion d’un avenir durable pour le patrimoine mondial Une conférence organisée par la Commission nationale des Pays-Bas pour l’UNESCO, en collaboration avec le Ministère néerlandais de l’Éducation, de la Culture et des Sciences 22–24 mai 2003 Editeurs Eléonore de Merode, Rieks Smeets et Carol Westrik PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 2 Disclaimer The respective authors are responsible for the choice and presentation of the facts contained in this publication and for the opinions and images therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and the Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO and do not commit the Organizations. The designation employed and the presentation of the material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 2004 by UNESCO World Heritage Centre 7, place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France Tel : 33 (0)1 45 68 18 76 Fax : 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 E-mail : [email protected] http://whc.unesco.org PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 3 Preface • Préface Among the challenges facing UNESCO and the international community is to make the national authorities, the private sector, and civil society as a whole recognize that World Heritage conservation is not only an instrument for peace and reconciliation, for enhancing cultural and biological diversity, but also a factor of regional sustainable development. New approaches to integrated management of World Heritage have proved successful and promoted economic growth and benefits to local communities. We need to help support the capacity of countries in crisis to protect their heritage, respond to emergency situations and maintain our day-to-day efforts for heritage conservation all around the world. Neither the States Parties to the Convention nor UNESCO and its World Heritage Centre can do this alone. New part- nerships will be essential. The Netherlands have been an efficient partner through their dedication to the Global Strategy and in supporting projects in developing countries to enhance heritage conservation. They have contributed substantially to the implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and the proceedings of the Amsterdam conference will further promote worldwide heritage protection in a sustainable develop- ment framework Francesco Bandarin Director UNESCO World Heritage Centre 3 PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 4 PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 5 Table of Contents Preface • Préface Page 3 Francesco Bandarin Introduction Page 9 Eléonore de Merode, Rieks Smeets and Carol Westrik Welcome Addresses • Discours d’ouverture Page 23 Background and Thematic Studies • Historique et études thématique How World Heritage Sites Disappear: Four Cases, Four Threats Page 32 Cor Dijkgraaf Linking Universal and Local Values for the Sustainable Management of World Heritage Sites Page 36 Eric L. Edroma Community-Based Legal Systems and the Management of World Heritage Sites Page 43 Albert Mumma Managing World Heritage Cultural Landscapes and Sacred Sites Page 45 Mechtild Rössler Local Involvement and Traditional Practices in the World Heritage System Page 49 Sharon Sullivan Regional and Case Studies • Etudes de cas et régionales 2 Africa Afrique La participation communautaire à la gestion du site de la falaise de Bandiagara : Page 58 « Ecotourisme en Pays Dogon » Lassana Cissé Le Hogon d’hier à aujourd’hui : les pérégrinations de la chefferie traditionnelle Page 64 dans le pays des Dogons au Mali Mamadi Dembele Community Conservation Services: Experiences from Serengeti National Park, United Republic of Tanzania Page 70 Justin Hando Anchoring African Cultural and Natural Heritage: The Significance of Local Community Page 75 Awareness in the Context of Capacity-Building Dawson Munjeri Traditional and Customary Heritage Systems: Nostalgia or Reality? Page 81 The Implications of Managing Heritage Sites in Africa Webber Ndoro Contribution des sites sacrés à la conservation et à la gestion durable de la biodiversité Page 85 et des valeurs socio-culturelles : le cas de la Côte d’Ivoire Martine Tahoux-Touao PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 6 Table of Contents Arab States États arabes Traditional Systems of Land-Use in the Middle East: The Hima System and Mountain Terraces Page 95 Faisal Abu-Izzedin Projet-pilote « Sauvegarde et développement des villes du patrimoine mondial en Mauritanie » : Page 100 exemple d’une coopération tripartite UNESCO–Gouvernement mauritanien–Banque mondial Anna Sidorenko Asia and Pacific Asie et Pacifique Vanuatu Cultural Centre’s Fieldworker Network: Capacity-Building from Inside Out Page 105 Tim Curtis Role of the Maori in New Zealand’s World Heritage Management Page 108 Tumu te Heuheu Case Study for the Protection of Living Heritage in India: The North Karanpura Valley Page 111 Bulu Imam Partnerships for Empowered Participation: Mainstreaming a Community-Based Paradigm Page 115 for World Heritage Management Beatrice Kaldun Europe and North America Europe et Amérique du Nord Involving Aboriginal People in Site Management Page 121 Christina Cameron Stelling van Amsterdam – Defence Line of Amsterdam: Page 125 Built to Protect People, Sustained to Connect People Caroline Smook An Operational View of Managing World Heritage Sites in Canada Page 129 Josie Weninger Latin America and the Caribbean Amérique latine et les Caraïbes Archaeology and Community Development at the World Heritage site of Copán, Honduras Page 132 Ricardo Agurcia Fasquelle Site Management and Partnerships: The Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve Experience Page 136 Alfredo Arellano-Guillermo Natural Heritage in Suriname and its Benefits for Local Communities Page 142 Bryan C. Drakenstein Proposed World Heritage Cultural Landscape and the Involvement of Local Communities: Page 147 Pintoscayoc, a Case Study in Quebrada de Humahuaca María Isabel Hernández Llosas Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia: Indigenous Territories in a Complex Scenario Page 154 Juan Mayr Role of Local Communities in the Management of World Heritage in Argentina: Page 159 The Case of Cueva de las Manos María Mercedes Podestá and María Onetto PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 7 Conclusions and Recommendations of the Conference 3 Conclusions et recommandations de la conférence Linking Universal and Local Values: Managing a Sustainable Future for World Heritage Page 166 (Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 22–24 May 2003) L’union des valeurs universelles et locales: la gestion d’un avenir durable pour le patrimoine mondial Page 169 (Amsterdam, Pays-Bas, 22–24 mai 2003) Annexes Annex 1: Programme of the Conference • Programme de la conférence Page 174 Annex 2: List of Participants • Liste des participants Page 178 Annex 3: Synthesis Report of the Conference • Rapport de synthèse de la conférence Page 185 Annex 4: Abstracts • Abstraits Page 200 PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 8 PM_Amsterdam13 17/11/04 15:12 Page 9 Introduction The Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO, in collaboration with the Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, organized a conference for invited participants, entitled Linking Universal and Local Values: Managing a Sustainable Future for World Heritage (Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 22–24 May 2003).1 The aim of the conference was to reflect on the involvement of local communities in all aspects of the management of World Heritage properties, and to identify opportunities for their sustain- able economic and social development, predominantly at the grass-roots level. Lines of action for encour- aging a pro-active approach towards community participation were discussed. Inscription of a property on the World Heritage List is not just a
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