Situation Overview: Area Based Assessment in the Government Controlled Areas within 5km of the Line of Contact , July 2017

centres from surrounding GCA settlements Map 1: Area Based Assessment Settlements Key Findings creates significant service access and delivery Assessed Area challenges within the assessed area, due to security concerns, lack of transport, and The assessed area, a 5km-wide buffer along KHARKIVSKA departure of qualified personnel. LUHANSKA ² the 500km line of contact (LoC), represents an LUHANSKGCA area of nearly 2,000 square kilometres. Within Protection DONETSKA ZAPORIZKA the area, there is an estimated population of RUSSIAN FEDERATION over 200,0001, including registered internally Local populations experience regular shelling, exposure to mines, and other risks related displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees. The SIEVIERODONETSK EAST LUHANSK population is older than the national average to explosive remnants of war (ERW). These concerns were particularly reported in South as many youths and younger families have POPASNA fled the area. , West Donetsk, and East Luhansk. The presence of military and Throughout the 27 cities and 73 villages in the shelling was highly reported in West Donetsk POPASNA STANYTSIA DONETSK GCA BAKHMUT area, military activity is constant2 and poses a and Avdiivka, where military presence expose LUHANSKA major protection risk (Map 2). Since January urban populations to conflict risks. LUHANSK 2017, 95% of clashes within the government ALCHEVSK Education controlled area (GCA) of Ukraine occurred TORETSK within the assessed area. Education facilities experience regular shelling AVDIIVKA and over 15 are no longer operational. As LUHANSK NGCA Disruption of Access to Basic Services AVDIIVKA and Markets of July 2017, 80 facilities reportedly require support with infrastructure repairs; heating; The LoC has disrupted health, education and supplies for gym, libraries and kitchens. and market networks. Assessed settlements Main access challenges were reportedly DONETSK now access services and markets almost distance to facility, specifically in larger BSUs WEST exclusively in the GCA (Map 3). such as South Donetsk and East Luhansk, and DONETSK DONETSK NGCA Although 200,000 to 400,000 people cross the unsafe travel to facilities, particularly within the LoC on a monthly basis, long lines and heavy more populated areas of West Donetsk and Avdiivka. VOLNOVAKHA restrictions on goods significantly reduce Survey Settlements connectivity between large urban centres of Health RUSSIAN NGCA non-government controlled areas (NGCAs) BSU Boundary FEDERATION 5km Buffer from INSO Grey Zone Two thirds of health facilities have been SOUTH and GCA periphery settlements. Adjusting to INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) restrictions, GCA cities and settlements formed damaged (54 out of 81), with 38 requiring DONETSK reconstruction assistance. Healthcare delivery new basic service units (BSUs) along the LoC Kms 0210 040 (Map 3). The separation of large NGCA urban challenges include shortages in medicines and basic supplies. Healthcare access challenges

1 Population data was provided by the local administrations based on their official records.The range is due to significant variation between the official data and estimates provided by OCHA and WFP, which adjusts for displacement. 2 International NGO Safety Organisation, 2017. Weekly Incident List. Not published. include an overall lack of facilities, distance to WASH Map 2: Density of Conflict Incidence along the LoC care and costs. Absence of healthcare facilities Access to drinking water is overall reported was particularly reported in West Donetsk and as sufficient. However, due to conflict, utility KHARKIVSKA East Luhansk. Unstable acces to water, gas LUHANSKA facilities are regularly hit by shelling causing ² and electricity is widespread, with one in three widespread water, electricity and heating LUHANSK GCA facilities unable to provide 24 hour water and DONETSKA shortages. Water shortages predominately ZAPORIZKA electricity. RUSSIAN affect those living in urban centres who rely FEDERATION Food, Markets and Livelihoods on piped water, as many rural areas are not connected to the municiapl water and waste Pork and beef were reported as unavailable EAST LUHANSK management networks. in more than half of markets. Compared to SIEVIERODONETSK the average food basket price in Donetsk and Next Steps SLOVIANSK 3 POPASNA STANYTSIA Luhansk in September 2016 , prices are on LUHANSKA The area based assessment shows the KRAMATORSK average 6 to 10% higher within the assessed BAKHMUT current challenges faced by populations living POPASNA area. Self-production in vegetable gardens DONETSK GCA BAKHMUT in conflict affected areas of Donbass. It offers a was identified as a primary coping strategy to tool for humanitarian and development actors market product scarcity. KOSTIANTYNIVKA LUHANSK to identify critical service providers to enable TORETSK ALCHEVSK

Local authority representatives indicated a communities close to the LoC to meet their TORETSK lack of employment opportunities as a main basic needs. It offers detailed insight about the AVDIIVKA livelihood concern throughout all assessed six sectors of the assessment, i) protection ii) HORLIVKA settlements. However, farmers reported a lack education iii) health iv) food v) shelter and vi) LUHANSK NGCA AVDIIVKA of access to traditional markets with the NGCA water and sanitation hygiene to understand MAKIIVKA as their main concern. the basic service and market networks in which aid actors operate. Shelter KURAKHOVE DONETSK The ‘Grand Bargain’ commits to ‘engage Housing and infrastructure are regularly with local and national responders in a spirit WEST affected by shelling. Approximately 1 housing of partnership and aims to reinforce, rather DONETSK unit in 10 is damaged and an estimated 2,700 DONETSK NGCA than replace, local and national capacities’4. to 5,000 people live in damaged accomodation. This assessment provides a granular picture More than 500 houses and 60 buildings have Confidence Incidence Density VOLNOVAKHA of areas where development action can High been damaged since January 2017. Access invest in local capacities, while humanitarian and cost of heating is a major concern to those RUSSIAN Low action continues supporting conflict affected BSU Boundary living both on and off the centralized heating populations until their full integration into FEDERATION 5km Buffer from INSO Grey Zone grid. In 25 settlements living off the grid, the SOUTH new basic service delivery and markets INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) availability of heating fuel in local markets was DONETSK networks. This type of analysis can inform reported as insufficient. Kms discussions around bridging development and 0210 040

humanitarian action. MARIUPOL

3 WFP, 2016. Market Update 13. Kyiv. Available online. 2 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, 2017.Available online. Introduction Methodology statistics of Ukraine data. structured interviews collected on mobile devices by a team of 16 REACH trained PIN local needs assessments provide a This assessment was designed in partnership enumerators. Focus group discussions Conflict between Ukrainian forces and armed detailed analysis for most assessed areas in the with more than 14 agencies involved in the (FGDs) were also conducted by 16 REACH opposition groups broke out in eastern Ukraine . UNHCR shared a settlement research design, questionnaire and product enumerators, where they shared field in April 2014. More than three years later, level dataset providing population, housing, validation process. From February to August observations for each assessed settlement. fighting continues to affect civilians living along infrastructure and protection information for 2017, the ‘community of practice’ chaired by After the initial assessments were complete, a the LoC and restricts access to basic services. 106 areas in Donetsk and Luhansk. The REACH met seven times to ensure regular second round of additional data was collected Restricted movements of people and goods Shelter Cluster also provided data on damage communication with all stakeholders (Table 1). on market prices and access constraints. significantly disrupt the socio-economic fabric to housing. The data reported in the BSU of the area. In addition, the humanitarian and Based on existing humanitarian community profiles are the official figures provided by the To establish area based basic service units recovery response to the crisis is hampered priorities and geographic proximity, the area local administration, while the total population (BSUs), REACH used a software called Gephi by information gaps regarding access to basic of assessment was determined to include reported in this summary is an estimate using to create a network analysis of basic service services in settlements located along the LoC. a total of 100 settlements within 5km of the adjustments from key informants (KIs). access. For this analysis, each settlement government controlled side of the LoC. This was represented as a ‘node’ in the network. To fill these information gaps, REACH is in part, due to heavy military presence, Table 2: Primary Data Collection KIs and conducted an assessment of all 100 Enumerators The responses on service access were used systematic ceasefire violations and movement to identify ‘connections’ between nodes. settlements within 5km of the LoC with # of KI surveyed/ restrictions, which make areas near the LoC Key Informant (KI) REACH used community detection algorithms two main objectives: 1. To understand how ‘areas of critical concern’. observations residents of settlements in the area access to extract sets of nodes based on the number basic services; 2. To identify gaps in service Prior to the assessment, REACH undertook a Administrators 85 of connections to and from each node. provision and understand challenges from the review of available secondary data to identify Community informants 395 Limitations perspectives of both service providers and information gaps. The assessment uses Health representatives 81 Due to security restrictions and heavy military users. secondary data from the following partners: Education representatives 144 People in Need (PIN), International NGO presence, 12 settlements were not visited by The assessment provides a detailed Safety Organization (INSO), United Nations Direct facility observations 329 enumerators. In such cases, KIs travelled to understanding of the local population’s ability Market/store accessible areas to meet for the interviews. International Children’s Emergency Fund 470 to meet basic needs using existing services. (UNICEF), United Nations High Commissioner representatives Results will be used to inform strategic planning This assessment covers only the 100 cities for Refugees (UNHCR), World Food Total 1,504 and villages within 5km of the government by humanitarian and local government actors. Programme (WFP), United Nations Office Primary data collection took place in May and controlled side of the LoC. All findings are for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs relevant to these areas and do not apply to the (UNOCHA) and Shelter Cluster. June of 2017. In total, REACH conducted 629 Table 1: Assessment Timeline semi-structured key informant interviews with wider network surrounding these communities. Month Research Cycle UNICEF published the ‘Children of the Contact 85 administrators, 395 community informants, Results of this assessment should be January-February Consultations Line’ report which provides a detailed analysis 81 health representatives and 144 education considered as indicative, rather than of needs for children in the assessed area. representatives, in addition to 329 direct representative, of the situation in the assessed March-April Research Design The INSO database was important to verify observations by enumerators of service settlements. KI responses may not always May-July Data Collection security dynamics around the LoC. Population delivery facilities (Table 2). corroborate the opinions of the population they figures were compiled using data from Data Analysis and Interviews were conducted in all 100 represent. July-September UNOCHA, UNICEF, UNHCR, PIN and state Reporting settlements. Data was collected through semi-

3 Basic Service Units have become neccessary service providers to Map 3: BSUs near the LoC the assessed communities, many of which The major urban centres of Donetsk and fall outside of the assessment scope. For

Luhansk oblasts are all currently within the example, most of the cities within the Avdiivka KHARKIVSKA BSU were highly reliant on LUHANSKA ² NGCA. To understand how communities along (NGCA) for health services. LUHANSKGCA the LoC are now organized, KIs were asked DONETSKA BILOVODSK

ZAPORIZKA where populations accessed i) education ii) RUSSIAN Table 3: Top 10 service providing cities FEDERATION health services, including pharmacies and Service Providing City hospitals iii) courts and policing v) markets EAST LUHANSK and shops. Popasna 1 SIEVIERODONETSK Toretsk 2 SLOVIANSK Map 3 illustrates how the LoC has rearranged Mariupol 3 POPASNA the community networks to be entirely within Stanytsia Luhanska 4 the GCA. This highlights the significant KRAMATORSK BAKHMUT Volnovakha 5 STANYTSIA DONETSK GCA POPASNA disruption of access to goods and services LUHANSKA Bakhmut 6 BAKHMUT created by conflict. Using network analysis KOSTIANTYNIVKA Kurakhove 7 LUHANSK tools, settlements were clustered together ALCHEVSK Shchastia 8 based on their linkages to one another. Seven TORETSK Novhorodske 9 TORETSK LUHANSK NGCA different basic service units were identified AVDIIVKA HORLIVKA 5 Hirske 10 and proximately linked to raion boundaries . OCHERETYNE Assessed settlements close to the LoC Overall, the assessment found that AVDIIVKA exclusively access basic services and markets communities are able to access healthcare, MAKIIVKA in urban centres within GCA. Popasna, the education, utilities and markets but restrictions major city of the Popasnianskyi raion, remains of movement, unsafe roads, shelling and KURAKHOVE DONETSK a central node of activity for the 19 communities mines constitute key challenges for the local WEST that fall within the same BSU. However, the population. DONETSK DONETSK NGCA BSUs of Avvdiika and West Donetsk are now The BSUs enable humanitarian and disconnected from NGCA urban areas of Number of inbound connections development actors to identify critical nodes 17 8 Donetsk, Yasynuvata and Makiivka. Those VOLNOVAKHA in the provision of service delivery along the 1 living in Avvdiika and West Donetsk must now Number of reported services LoC. Situation overviews of each of the seven per one connection access services in the cities of Pokrovsk and 15 BSU identified are available to help actors 7 SOUTH RUSSIAN 1 Kurakhove. understand local challenges related to service DONETSK FEDERATION BSU Boundary Apart from produce trade between Stanitsa and market access by each sector. 5km Buffer from INSO Grey Zone Luhansk and Luhansk city in East Luhansk, INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) MARIUPOL there are now no connections between the Kms GCA and NGCA. Table 3 shows GCA cities that 0210 040

5 The LoC crosses 10 raions which are the second level of governance after the oblasts. 4 Table 4: Main characteristics and service access issues by BSU

South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk Number of administrative units6 17 8 9 14 6 13 19

Stanytsia Luhanska, Raions Mariupolska, Volnovaskyi Marinskyi Avdiivska, Yasynuvatskyi Toretsk Bakhmutskyi Popasna Novaidar

Population7 5,900 16,805 5,774 71,185 24,213 57,961 41,997

Mines / ERW; community Mines / ERW; community Key protection concerns Mines / ERW; shelling; Mines / ERW; shelling; Mines / ERW; shelling; Shelling; mines / ERW; tension; presence of Mines / ERW; community tension; destruction of destruction of property presence of military presence of military community tension military tension; shelling property

Administrative units where checkpoints 9 out of 17 6 out of 8 6 out of 9 7 out of 14 4 out of 6 9 out of 13 13 out of 19 control access

Route to school is unsafe, Route to school is unsafe, Route to school is unsafe, Distance to school is too Distance to school is too Distance to school is too Distance to school is too Key education challenges distance to school is too distance to school is too distance to school is too great, route to school is great, route to school is great, route to school is great, insufficient transport reported great great great unsafe unsafe unsafe to schools

Regular shelling, no Presence of mines, regular Regular shelling, no access Regular shelling, presence No access to bomb Regular shelling, no access Regular shelling, no access Protection issues in access to bomb shelters, shelling, insufficient to bomb shelters, presence of mines, no access to shelters, presence of to bomb shelters, presence to bomb shelters, presence schools presence of mines psychosocial support (PSS) of mines bomb shelters mines, regular shelling of mines of mines

Lack of healthcare Lack of healthcare facilities, Lack of healthcare facilities, Cost of healthcare, lack Lack of qualified health Key healthcare facilities, cost of transport security risks when security risks when of healthcare facilities, Cost of transport to staff, lack of healthcare Lack of healthcare facilities, challenges reported to facilities, security risks travelling to facilities, no travelling to facilities, cost difficulties related to old facilities, lack of healthcare facilities, cost of transport distance to facilities, cost of when travelling to facilities transportation to facilities of healthcare age facilities, cost of healthcare to facilities transport to facilities

Administrative units without running water 14 out of 17 4 out of 8 7 out of 9 4 out of 14 2 out of 6 10 out of 13 13 out of 19

Administrative units following bad waste 11 out of 17 8 out of 8 2 out of 9 12 out of 14 3 out of 6 10 out of 13 18 out of 19 disposal practices

Water shortages, damage Water shortages, damage Cannot empty septic tank, Key WASH challenges Cannot empty septic tank, to infrastructure, no water to infrastructure, water Water shortages, cannot Cannot empty septic tank, Cannot empty septic tank, insufficient water to flush reported water shortages supply delivery problems empty septic tank water shortages water shortages toilets

6 There are 85 administrative units but 100 settlements were assessed. This is due to the fact that administrative units can be composed of several settlements. 7 The population figures provided in the table are based on administration reported data and are higher than the estimated figures from the assessment, which adjusts for estimated 5 displacement figures. Demographics Ukrainian average, with 31% above 60 and Map 4: Population Density Distribution only 13% below 18 (Figure 1). This finding

KHARKIVSKA ² The Donbass, Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, corroborates observations that elderly LUHANSKA is one of the most developed regions of households are less likely to resettle than ² Ukraine. Based on 2014 estimates, 9 cities 9 LUHANSK GCA younger households . Donetsk and Luhansk DONETSKA BILOVODSK ZAPORIZKA within Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts have oblasts also experienced youth outmigration RUSSIAN FEDERATION populations exceeding 100,000 people. The before the conflict began. major urban clusters like Donetsk, Horlivka, Based on official records, more than 10% of SIEVIERODONETSK Alchevks and Luhansk are now in the NGCA. people in these settlements are registered This leaves many GCA peripheral areas IDPs (according to national legislation). SLOVIANSK disconnected from their pre-conflict economic This represents a population of more than and social service centres (Map 4). Several STANYTSIA 20,000 people. Additionally, more than KRAMATORSK LUHANSKA urban peripheral cities in the GCA are within POPASNA 45,000 people were reported to have left, out the scope of this assessment including: DONETSK GCA BAKHMUT of which more than 23,000 have returned. Avdiivka, Marinka, Torestsk, Popasna and ALCHEVSK The areas reporting the highest levels of KOSTIANTYNIVKA LUHANSK Stanitsa Luhansk. ongoing displacement were , Based on figures provided by local authorities Avdiivka, Marinka, Stanytsa Luhansk, Zolote TORETSK and secondary sources, there are between and Poposna. An estimated 1,340 to 8,000 OCHERETYNE 150,000 to 200,0008 people living in the residents have not returned to these cities as HORLIVKA LUHANSK NGCA 100 assessed settlements. The assessed of July 2017. Data on non-registered conflict AVDIIVKA MAKIIVKA population is significantly older than the related displaced households is not available and was not reported by local authorities. KURAKHOVE Figure 1: Ukraine Population Structure DONETSK

DONETSK NGCA

DEM: CIAT-CSI, SRTM Population data: GHS POP, © European Union, 1995-2017 VOLNOVAKHA

Population Density

RUSSIAN Low High

FEDERATION 5km Buffer from INSO Grey Zone

INSO Grey Zone (May 2017)

MARIUPOL Kms 0210 040

8 Population data was provided by the local administrations based on their official records.The range is due to significant variation between the official data and estimates provided by OCHA and WFP, 6 which adjusts for displacement. 9 International Monitoring System, 2017. Available online. Protection are steady over time and range from 1 to 81 of concern for shelling, reflecting the high There are remaining gaps in marking of (Figure 2). The level of violence was reportedly number of security incidences recorded in hazardous areas. In the 85 settlements where Assessed settlements are located in an area of highest during the last week of February and these areas. KI reported presence of landmines, all or most active conflict, where deaths and injuries linked the first week of March. These incidents Table 6: Most reported protection concerns of the known hazardous areas were marked. to military exchanges are regularly reported. represent 96% of all conflict related security (% of KIs) However, in 29 settlements some informants In addition, mines and ERW constitute major incidents recorded in Ukraine between Challenges Frequency highlighted that none of the hazardous areas security concerns for populations living in the February and June 2017. This proportion Mines and ERW 51% are marked (Table 7). includes 38% of all conflict related security area. Shelling 34% Mine risk education (MRE) is reportedly incidents occurring within 5km of the LoC in Exposure to Violence Community tensions 30% reaching local populations. Most KI (67%) the NGCA, 34% within 5km of the LoC in the Destruction of property 21% said that the community had received MRE In total, respondents reported 218 deaths GCA (in the assessed area), and 24% in the with 23% saying it was insufficient. One in four and 683 injuries in 38 and 50 communities grey zone (Table 5). Presence of military 14% (25%) KI reported MRE was not available in respectively. According to the OHCHR10, Table 5: % of security incidents reported Lack of psychosocial support 11% their settlement and 7% are unable to provide between 16 February and 15 May 2017, the by area (February to June 2017) Mines and ERW were consistently reported information (Figure 3). conflict in Ukraine caused 63 deaths and 157 Percentage of as a key concern, albeit at lower frequencies injuries. These new casualties bring the total Figure 3: Availability of MRE (% of KIs) Area clashes around Toretsk and Poposna, potentially number of people killed in all of Ukraine to 5km NGCA buffer from INSO grey 38% indicating lower levels of perceived risk for the 10,090, of which 2,777 were civilians, since zone excluding INSO zone population. The presence of military was also the start of the conflict in April 2014. 5km GCA buffer from INSO grey 34% zone excluding INSO zone more frequently mentioned in West Donetsk Settlements within 5km of the LoC are INSO Grey Zone 24% and Avdiivka, indicating a link between military constantly affected by conflict, with an average 45+25237z presence/activity and exposure to armed MRE available and sufficient 45% of 40 incidents per day between February and GCA excluding INSO grey zone 3% and 5km buffer violence. MRE not available 25% June 2017. Numbers of daily fire exchanges NGCA excluding INSO grey zone 1% MRE available, not sufficient 23% and 5km buffer Table 7: Settlements where KIs reported Don’t know 7% Figure 2: # of daily fire exchange harzardous areas were unmarked (February to June 2017) Main Protection Risks Artemove Novobakhmutivka Pshenychne Concerns for Women Berdianske Novoluhanske Sieverne As a direct result of the active military activity, A total of 13 KIs from 8 settlements highlighted Heivka Novoselivka the main protection concerns reported additional concerns for women including; Hnutove Novotoshkivske Syze are mines and ERW, shelling, community cases of domestic violence, rape, intimidation, Kirove Novozvanivka Valuiske tensions, destruction of property, presence sexual harassment and survival sex, especially Lomakyne Nyrkove Verkhnia Vilkhova of military and lack of psychosocial support in households from disadvantaged economic Luhanske Nyzhnoteple Vilkhove (PSS). In total, 74 assessed settlements groups. reported weekly or daily shelling. Makarove Opytne Vodiane Malynove Orlovske Vyskryva Furthermore, 24 informants from 23 Donetsk and Avdiivka reported higher levels Nevelske Pishchane settlements were unable to answer this

10 OHCHR, 2017. Report on the human rights situation in Ukraine. Kyiv. Available online. 7 Table 8: Settlements where KIs reported a separatist informant. The settlement in Psychosocial Support (PSS) In order to access social services, local additional concerns for women question was in an isolated area experiencing inhabitants are required to travel to the closest A lack of adequate PSS was reported in 60 high levels of conflict. local council. The reorganization of services Hirske settlements (60% of assessed settlements). due to the LoC limit the availability of public Katerynivka Community Tensions In nine settlements more than half of KIs transport to local councils. Therefore, KIs Luhanske highlighted PSS as a priority16. Issues of Community tensions with the military or IDPs reported private bus/car as the main means shelling, lack of water, inability to purchase Myronivskyi were highlighted as protection concerns by at of transport. KIs reported the median cost medicines and increased alcohol consumption Popasna least one KI in 64 settlements. In 10 settlements transport was 70 Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH) were factors of stress included in ‘other Stanytsia Luhanska there was high consensus on the presence of (2.60 USD)18. Using average income figures responses’. As reported by the IAVA, 31% of community tensions13. Community tensions from the IAVA, a round trip is approximately Svitlodarsk households did not report any need for PSS with the military and IDPs were also reported 10% of the average income. Zolote in the area, while 57% reported no services by the enumerators. Incidents with the military available17. Table 11: Most frequent means of question, highlighting limited availability of involved road accidents, harassment and transportation (% of KIs)19 information on the subject. A OHCHR report violence against residents, abuse of power, Attitudes towards mental health and PSS 54+49+29+28+22+14 published in March 201711 highlights 34 and alcohol abuse. Looting and requisition of varied significantly. Many settlements were 1. Private bus service 54% documented cases of conflict related sexual houses was mentioned during the FGDs with very receptive and aware of such support, 2. Private transport 49% violence happening in the country on both enumerators in six settlements14. while others did not understand why people 3. Public bus service 29% sides of the LoC. In addition, school staff would require PSS. Tensions with IDPs was mentioned in one members were aware of cases of survival sex 4. Bicycle 28% settlement, in which frustrations were voiced Access to Social Services and were open to discussing the matter12. around distribution of humanitarian aid and 5. Walking 22% Social services are reportedly unavailable While information on gender based violence access to employment. UNHCR found that 6. Motorbike 14% or insufficient in 43 settlements. Community (GBV) is difficult to collect, some data was discrimination in employment, housing and informants were asked about the availability shared by the KIs. For example, in one education was often an issue for IDPs15. of pension delivery, in-home social care and settlement KIs reported harassment by the Restrictions of Movement registration services. They reported a lack of military of a women suspected of being social service workers, long queues and high Restrictions on movement of people and Table 9: Most reported concern by BSU (% of KIs) demand for administrative services as key goods vary between areas. For example, 20 barriers to access. These challenges also led communities have entry and exit checkpoints South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk to difficulties in obtaining social payments or while 9 communities face restrictions on the Mines and type of goods that can enter the area. According ERW making changes in registration. Community to the IAVA, around a quarter of households Tensions living along the LoC had to cross checkpoints Shelling Table 10: Key access constraints reported19

Destruction of 76+20+9 in the GCA to access basic services. Property Presence of 1. No restrictions 76% military Lack of PSS 2. Entry and exit 20% Highest 74% 4% Lowest 3. Restrictions on goods 9%

11 OHCHR, 2017. Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Ukraine. Kyiv. Available online. 16Artemove, Dachne, Leninske, Lomakyne, Luhanske, Novohryhorivka, Peredilske, Pervomaiske & Sieverne 8 12 UNICEF, 2017. Children of the Contact Line. Kyiv. Available online. Berdianske, Hnitove, Leninske, Makaroove, Nyzhoteple and Syze Chermalyk . 13 Chermalyk, Kodema, Novhorodske, Novohnativka, Stanytsia Luhanska, Staryi Aidar, Svitlodarsk, 17 REACH, 2016. Interagency Vulnerability Asssessment. Kyiv. Available online. Vodiane, Voitove, Vyskryva. 18 1 USD-26 UAH, September 2017 14 Berdianske, Hnitove, Leninske, Makaroove, Nyzhoteple and Syze Chermalyk. 19 KIs could report more than one challenge. 15 UNHCR, 2017. Ukraine Participatory Assessment. Kyiv. Available online. Education Overcrowding did not appear to be an issue schools in Donbass are damaged, destroyed in Krasnohorivka, one facility is hosting five in the assessed settlements. This is in line or temporarily closed. A map developed with schools, putting pressure on the learning Student Population with KI responses on low numbers of children the Shelter Cluster in February of 2017, space21. attending school. In 14 settlements there are shows the proximity of shelling damage to More than 18,000 children are reportedly Exposure to Conflict no children of primary school age as many schools, kindergartens near Avdiivka20. Some attending schools in the assessment area. families with children left the area due to high schools are temporarily hosting students A major concern reported by KIs is the This includes more than 730 registered as levels of conflict. from other damaged schools. For example, exposure of children to shelling. More than IDPs (4%). The proportion of IDP to non- 3,800 children in 36 facilities are reportedly Damage to Education Facilities displaced student varied between 0% and Table 14: Status of assessed education exposed to monthly or more frequent shelling, facilities 38% depending on the school assessed. Education facilities in the assessed areas including more than 500 kindergarten pupils. Education access challenges have been significantly affected by conflict. Of Damaged, need support 83 / 144 Bomb shelters were not available for 31 of the 144 schools assessed, 88 were damaged Damaged, no need for support 30 / 144 those facilities. Overall, access to education in the area was and reported needing additional support. good. Challenges in accessing education No damage 31/144 The 17 facilities that are exposed to at least 54+49+29+28+22+14 According to the Education Cluster, 55 varied depending on the location of the BSUs monthly shelling all reported insufficient (Table 12). For large BSUs (South Donetsk Table 12: Most reported education access challenge by BSU (% of KIs) access to PSS in schools to mitigate conflict

and East Luhansk), distance was the most South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk induced trauma. This number is likely to be frequently cited challenge to access education under reported as school directors might not Distance services. be aware of the importance of such services. Unsafe Routes Figure 4: Shellling frequency reported by In the BSUs around Donetsk city, 49 settlements Other assessed schools reported unsafe routes to education facilities No Challenges due to high exposure of military exchanges. Cost of Atten- dance Other challenges include bad roads, lack of Don’t Know/ teachers, parents not sending children to Unsure Highest 67% 0% Lowest schools after shelling episodes, and absence of heating during the winter. Table 13: Most reported education delivery challenge by BSU (% of KIs) Has Happened53 since 2014 +25148z 53% Education delivery challenges South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk Monthly or more 25% Lack of Infrequently 14% Regarding the delivery of quality education, Supplies the most frequent challenges reported by Lack of Funds Never Happened 8% informants were the lack of supplies, funds, Other Availability of child friendly spaces varied inadequate facilities and lack of qualified Lack of Facilities significantly between BSUs. Only 2% of KIs teachings staff (Table 13). Other responses Lack of Qualified in East Luhansk reported sufficient availability included security concerns, insufficient Teachers Lack of areas for children, compared to 25% in numbers of pupils and lack of money to pay Internet Avdiivka highlighting coverage discrepancies for kindergarten. Access Highest 90% 0% Lowest across the assessment area.

16Artemove, Dachne, Leninske, Lomakyne, Luhanske, Novohryhorivka, Peredilske, Pervomaiske & Sieverne 20 Shelter Cluster, Density of Shelter Damage Due to Conflict in February 2017. Available online. Berdianske, Hnitove, Leninske, Makaroove, Nyzhoteple and Syze Chermalyk . 21 Education Cluster, 2017. Krasnohorivka (Marinskyi raion, Donetska oblast) in need of additional learning spaces. Kyiv. Available online. 9 17 REACH, 2016. Interagency Vulnerability Asssessment. Kyiv. Available online. 18 1 USD-26 UAH, September 2017 19 KIs could report more than one challenge. Health East Luhansk, restricted access to hospitals water shortages and no water storage capacity. provide specialized care for the elderly. in Yasynuvata and Slovianoserbsk increases Shortages of water, gas and electricity were In 41 settlements, humanitarian actors pressure on the GCA health system. Toretsk especially challenging for South and West Before the LoC was established, specialized delivered assistance to support health and Bakhmut are now the main emergency Donetsk due to their reliance on the NGCA for care was provided in Donetsk and Luhansk services. However, in 38 communities health care providers for these communities. KIs such utilities. city, which are now inaccessible to GCA coverage was reportedly insufficient. Health living in remote settlements highlighted the settlements. However, there are more than 80 Table 17: Utility access in facilities facilities face regular medicine and supply length of time to get ambulatory assistance, health facilities in the assessed area, including shortages. In total, 42 facilities reported a lack 22 due to restrictions on movement and relied on Facilities unable to provide 24h 18 / 81 36 clinics, 10 hospitals, 21 feldsher-midwife of basic medicines or essential supplies. Items mobile clinics. water supply stations, and 14 other facilities providing most commonly unavailable included diapers, Facilities unable to provide 24h 28 / 81 health services to local population. Many health service units face water and syringes, bandage materials, gloves and water electricity supply Healthcare access challenges electricity grid disruptions without back up tanks. sources. In total, 28 (34%) facilities have East Luhansk reported a lack of funding and The main challenges to accessing healthcare Table 18: Status of damaged facilities experienced electricity shortages and have doctors as primary issues, in particular, only are a lack of health facilities, the cost of Not fully rehabilitated 38 / 81 no generators and 18 (22%) facilities reported a limited number of doctors were available to transport, the cost of care and security Fully rehabilitated 14 / 81 concerns (Table 15). The lack of health Table 15: Most reported health access challenges by BSU (% of KIs) facilities was particularly reported in Avdiivka Damage to Healthcare Facilities South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk and East Luhansk, as these areas were No health In total, 54 (66%) health facilities reported closely connected to Donetsk and Luhansk facility High Cost of conflict related damages and 38 facilities cities before the conflict. In addition, according Transport (46%) still require support. Emergency to UNICEF maps, HIV testing labs are Other preparedness was relatively low, with 12 now only available in Kharkiv for facilities Cost of Care facilities, mostly in rural settlements, having in Donetsk GCA23. Disconnection between Insufficient Transport no fire safety measures in place and no bomb GCA peripheries and large NGCA cities is Security Concerns shelters. hampering access specific lab and medical Highest 75% 2% Lowest services within the area. Figure 5: Damage Condition of Healthcare Table 16: Most reported health delivery challenges by BSU (% of KIs) Facilities Healthcare delivery challenges South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk Health service providers reported a lack Lack of equipment of equipment and qualified doctors and Lack of doctor specialists (Table 16). Eleven facilities reported Lack of challenges related to damaged infrastructure. funding 47+33173z Damaged and partially renovated 47% A lack of ambulances was widely reported by Inadequate utilities Untouched 33% facilities. All of the 14 surveyed hospitals did Other not have enough ambulances to serve their Insufficient Damaged and fully renovated 17% populations. In the BSUs of Avdiivka and Supplies Highest 75% 0% Lowest Fully destroyed 3%

22 Feldsher-midwife stations are type of rural health facility providing basic primary healthcare and reproductive health services with medical 10 professionals including nurses and midwives but no medical doctor. 23 UNICEF, 2017. Children of the Contact Line. Kyiv. Available online. Food Availability shop were salt, wheat bread, butter and boiled Selling to Markets The conflict has clearly disrupted access to sausages. Food availability is better in urban the markets of the Donbass as shown by the The main issues to bringing produce to Food insecurity is a growing concern in the settlements than in rural areas. Meat and dairy reduced number of connections for selling market were distance, lack of access to NGCA assessed area. In 2016, IAVA approximated products, in particular, are much more difficult produce to markets. South Donetsk saw markets, problems with transportation and 13% of households in areas close to the to buy from shops in rural areas. the least change as Mariupol was the main security concerns. The disruption of markets LoC were either moderately food insecure or Table 19: % of shops missing some items market in the area before the conflict began. 78+58+49 in West Donetsk, Avdiivka and East Luhansk severely food insecure24. In addition, a survey 1. Beef 78% was of particular importance as they were Post conflict market flows are smaller in conducted in June 2017 highlights increasing highly dependent on the main urban cities of economic and geographic scope then they levels of food insecurity in Donetsk and 2. Pork 58% the NGCA before the conflict. For example, 29 were pre conflict. And current markets in Luhansk GCA compared to 201625. 3. Beetroot 49% assessed settlements used to sell produce in GCA have not been able to replace the lost Markets marketplaces in NGCA. Food Prices Donetsk city before the conflict (Map 5 and 6). Most markets within the assessed area are When compared to the WFP average prices functional and sell both food and non-food Table 21. Most reported challenges to accessing markets by BSU (% of KIs) in Donetsk and Luhansk in September 201626, items. The most frequently reported market prices for a similar basket of goods were South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk access challenges were distance, cost of reportedly 5% to 10% higher at the time of Distance transport, high prices and security concerns. assessment. Although, there is significant Transport as a challenge was frequently Transport cost variance between items, overall basic food cited in South Donetsk, while security was High prices commodities are more expensive in Donetsk Security cited more frequently in South Donetsk, West than last year (Table 22). Self-production concerns Donetsk and Avdiivka BSUs. Transport is reportedly common in rural area as both availability Beef, pork and beetroot were not available a livelihood source and a coping strategy. No challenges in 78%, 58% and 49% of shops respectively. However, the cost of agricultural inputs such Highest 77% 0% Lowest The only items that were available in every as tools, seeds and fertilizer was mentioned by Figure 6: Market functionality more than 83% of community KIs. Table 22. Most reported challenges to selling produce by BSU (% of KIs)

Table 20: Price for standard grocery basket South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk Zone Price ( UAH) Distance 5km Zone as of May 729 No more 2017 access to NGCA Donetsk GCA as of 690 Transporting 94+321z produce Functional 94% September 2016 Security Closed 3% Luhansk GCA as of 654 September 2016 No problems Destroyed 2% Other Unknown 1% Highest 84% 2% Lowest

24 REACH, 2016. Interagency Vulnerability Assessment. Kyiv. Available online. 25 Food Security and Livelihood Cluster, 2017. Dashboard June – July 2017. Available online. 11 26 WFP, 2016. Market Update. Kyiv. Available online. Price Monitoring

REACH collected observations from more Boxplot 1: Prices of meat and curd How to read a boxplot than 100 stores on the price for a standardized 150 basket (established by WFP) of 28 food and 150 30 Maximum price in data set basic hygiene items. Data was collected (UAH) 130 26 through enumerators visiting shops and Upper quartile: 25% of the data is above this point recording observed prices. There was no 110 110 105 20 major variance in prices between the assessed 100 100 Median price in data set 100 areas apart for meat based products. Beef was 17 (UAH) the most expensive food commodity, followed 90 by port and poultry. This data was used to 10 Lower quartile: 25% of the

ice (UAH ) 73 data is below this point calculate the average price for a food basket Pr 70 65 65 across the 5km area. 6 Minimum price in data set 50 (UAH) 50 40 0 30 Item name 20

9 8 0

Beef Boiled sausage Curd Pork Pork fat Poultry Boxplot 2: Prices of other food items (1kg) (1kg) (9%, 1kg) (1kg) (1kg) (1kg)

60

50 48 48

40 40 36

32 30 32 30 30 32 30 28 27 28 25 25 ice (UAH ) 23 Pr 22.8 20 18 18 15 17 15 15 13 13 13 10 12 13 12 10 10 12 10 9 9 9 8 8 6 7 5.2 55 4 444 3 2.5 3 3 0

Beetroot Buckwheat Butter Cabbage Carrot Eggs Milk Oil Onions Pasta Potatoes Rice Rye bread Salt Sour cream Sugar Wheat bread Wheat flour (1kg) (1kg) (200g) (1kg) (1kg) (dozen) (2,5%, 1 litre) (sunflower 1 litre) (1kg) (1kg) (1kg) (1kg) (loaf) (1kg) (15%, 200g) (1kg) (loaf) (1kg)

12 Map 5: Pre conflict network for selling produce Map 6: Current network for selling produce ² LUHANSK GCA ² LUHANSK GCA ! SIEVIERODONETSK EAST LUHANSK EAST LUHANSK ! SIEVIERODONE! TSK ! ! ! SLOVIANSK ! SLOVIANSK ! POPASNA POPASNA ! ! ! ! ! ! KRAMATORSK KRAMATORSK ! BAKHMUT ! ! ! BAKHMUT ! ! ! STANYTSIA ! STANYTSIA ! ! DONETSK GCA ! DONETSK GCA BAKHMUT POPASNA ! LUHANSKA BAKHMUT ! LUHANSKA ! POPASNA ! ! ! ! ! KOSTIANTYNIVKA LUHANSK KOSTIANTYNIVKA ! LUHANSK ! ! TORETSK ALCHEVSK TORETSK ! ALCHEVSK !! ! ! ! TORETSK ! TORETSK ! AVDIIVKA ! ! AVDIIVKA HORLIVKA ! ! ! ! LUHANSK NGCA ! LUHANSK NGCA AVDIIVKA ! ! AVDIIVKA ! ! MAKIIVKA MAKIIVKA

! KURAKHOVE ! KURAKHOVE ! DONETSK ! DONETSK

WEST WEST Settlements Selling Produce PreConflict Settlements Selling Produce Now !DONETSK DONETSK (symbol size based on number of ! ! (symbol size based on number of ! DONETSK NGCA settlements with citizens who sold within) DONETSK NGCA settlements with citizens who sold within) ! 1 ! ! 1 ! ! ≤ 5 ! ≤ 5 ! ! ! ≤ 10 ! ≤ 10 VOLNOVAKHA VOLNOVAKHA ! ! ≤ 15 ! ≤ 15 ! ! !

≤ 30 ≤ 30 ! ! ! ! Selling own agricultural produce Selling own agricultural produce RUSSIAN connection connection SOUTH SOUTH RUSSIAN BSU Boundary BSU Boundary ! FEDERATION FEDERATION DONETSK 5km Buffer from INSO Grey Zone DONETSK 5km Buffer from INSO Grey Zone

INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) !! Kms ! Kms MARIUPOL ! MARIUPOL 0210 040 ! 0210 040

13 Markets and Livelihoods farming is an important source of income. Map 7: Approximate Driving times to FSP

Access to Financial Service Points " Sources of Income (FSPs) The main sources of income reported by KIs FSPs were available and operational in 31 was allowances (97%), followed by farming settlements. The distribution of FSP across LUHANSK GCA " BILOVODSK (46%), unstable employment (33%) and stable the survey area varied significantly. In the " employment (22%) (Table 23). densely populated BSUs of Avdiivka, Torestsk, FGDs on markets and livelihoods highlighted Bakhmut and Popasna, FSPs are less than

an approximate 20-minute drive. In rural SIEVIERODONETSK EAST LUHANSK difficult conditions regarding employment " settlements, the drive times are estimated " " in the area. Many people from assessed STANYTSIA to be longer. These variations are important "SLOVIANSK LUHANSKA communities worked in cities in the NGCA POPASNA " " to consider when planning cash based " " before the conflict. Employment was most KRAMATORSK " " " BAKHMUT " intervention. The main challenges in accessing " commonly found in larger cities such as POPASNA " DONETSK GCA BAKHMUT " FSPs were distance, cost of travel and lack of " Mariupol, Popasna and Schastia. A majority " service, especially in isolated areas. " of assessed settlements are rural areas were KOSTIANTYNIVKA " LUHANSK " TORETSK " ALCHEVSK Table 23: Reported source of income by BSU (% of KIs) " TORETSK " " LUHANSK NGCA AVDIIVKA " South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk " " " HORLIVKA Social "

payments AVDIIVKA Farming " " Methodology: Drive times were generatered MAKIIVKA with Open Street Map data and processed Stable with ArcGIS Editor for OSM 10.4 toolbox. employment Times were determined based on road turn " restrictions, oneway roads and maximum Unstable KURAKHOVE DONETSK speed limitations. Data on road condidtions, employment closures, checkpoints, and terrain were not Family WEST available. Due to limitations in the data, drive Support DONETSK times are estimations and may not be accurate in all areas. Highest 100% 3% Lowest " DONETSK NGCA " Approximate Drive time to Table 24: Main concerns according to local administration by BSU (% of KIs) Financial Service Points (min) < 5 VOLNOVAKHA " South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk 5 - 10 10 - 20 " RUSSIAN Employment > 20 FEDERATION Security SOUTH Settlement with FSP DONETSK BSU Boundary Health 5km Buffer from INSO Grey Zone Infrastructure INSO Grey Zone (May 2017) Education " MARIUPOL " Highest 100% 0% Lowest

14 Based on KIs from the local administration Access to Heating According to an energy analysis, 85 of the Shelter/Winterization between 2,700 and 5,000 households live in 150 mines in Donetsk and Luhansk are in the Access to adequate heating was also identified damaged shelter. Krasnohrivka KIs reported NGCA29. The challenges related to delivery Accomodation types as a major concern, as average winter more than 1,000 households living in damaged of fuel support the notion that the LoC is The IAVA showed that non-displaced temperatures in the region frequently are accommodation. It is important to highlight that disrupting fuel supply chains. populations were more likely to live in self- below 0 degrees Celsius from November to nine local administrations did not know or did owned accommodation, while displaced March (Figure 7). The most frequently reported The shelter cluster estimates that the minimum not provide an answer, highlighting information populations were more likely to rent housing. challenges to accessing heat was price of recommended amount of fuel for the winter is gaps on housing conditions at the local level. Most informants reported rent was below 250 fuel, the poor quality of fuel, and delivery around 5,200 UAH (~$20030 USD) with the UAH. However, in 12 settlements, informants Table 26: Number of settlements by problems. KIs from 88 settlements reported no average pension of around 1,900 UAH (~ reported ranges from 750 to 1,500 UAH (~28- estimated % of people living damaged centralized heating, with 67 reporting issues $7031). Using a monthly average for the five 56 USD). shelters accessing fuel during the previous winter. winter months, more than 50% of an average 51+6+3+3+5+10+7 Figure 7: Average monthly temperature in pensions can be for fuel. Table 25: Settlements where rent prices 0-20% 51 28 Donetsk in Celsius Table 30: Cost of fuel for winter and average were reportedly higher 21-40% 6 pension payment per month 41-60% 3 Artemove Petrivka Cost of fuel for one winter month 1,040 Avdiivka Popasna 61-80% 3 Average pension payment per 1,900 month Stanytsia Luhanska Hirske 81-100% 5 Komyshuvakha Stepne Don’t Know 10 Krasnohorivka Toretsk No Data 7 Table 28: Most reported challenges accessing fuel in previous winter (% of KIs) Novobakhmutivka Zolote In 4 settlements, it was estimated that 80-100% South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk Damage to Civilian Property people live in damaged accommodation. In 48 Too expensive settlements, KIs estimate between 0-20% of Delivery problems Civilian housing continues to face significant residents live in damaged houses. This data risk of shelling, especially in high density urban Not available confirms the conflict is still very active and Quality is too areas, such as Avdiivka and Krasnohorivka. continues to affect the housing of civilians bad Since January 2017, 177 incidents have along the LoC. Small settlements in South Other occurred, resulting in collateral damages to Donetsk were particularly damaged according No problems residential property in both the GCA and the to enumerators. Highest 99% 0% Lowest NGCA. As a result, an estimated 570 individual houses were affected, along with 57 buildings. Table 27: No. of damaged housing units by Table 29: Settlements reporting heating shortages in the last winter This has led the shelter cluster to increase its type forecast of damaged homes in their May 2017 Heavy 1,067 South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk 27 Novohnativka Kirove, Hirske, Krymske, Petrivka, Stanytsia factsheet . Medium 7,304 Krasnohorivka, Myronivskyi, Avdiivka Leninske, Nyrkove, Popasna, Luhanska, Verkhnia Marinka, Stepne Zaitseve Light 9,121 Toretsk Vyskryva, Zolote Vilkhova, Vilkhove

27 Shelter Cluster, 2017. Factsheet May 2017. Kyiv. Available online. 29 EuraCoal, 2016. Available online 28 Climate Report. Available online. 30 Shelter Cluster, 2017. Winterization 2017-2018 Recommendations. Kyiv. Available online. 15 31 Ukrinform, 2017. Ukraine’s Pension Fund: Average pension in July was UAH 1,886. Kyiv. Available online. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) fails. A precedent of heating system failure informants reported conducting water tests. in 2006 in Alchevsk led to the evacuation of Conversely, in East Luhansk, one in five local Damage to Infrastructure West Donetsk and Avdiivka. These are areas 120,000 people33. authorities reported testing water. with higher levels of disruption due to violence Utility infrastructure is frequently affected Water Source and Testing Waste Management (unsafe routes, infrastructure damage). by conflict. Since January 2017, 30 military Damages and water shortages are affecting The main source of water for the majority Issues of waste management are important exchanges damaged electricity facilities and schools and health care facilities. More than of settlements are wells. However, 23 to highlight. According to direct observations 36 hit water facilities or pipelines. This has 54% of schools and 48% of HCF experience communities continue to rely on water trucking by enumerators, waste is a major concern led to significant utility shortages. Overall, 27 water shortages (Table 32). as a source of drinking water. Water testing in 16 settlements. This included the cities of settlements experience daily or weekly water practices varied greatly between BSUs. Zaitseve, and Stanitsya Luhansk. Residents shortages, including cities such as Poposana, Damages to infrastructure often leads to a lack In Toretsk, for example, all administration complained about garbage piling up on streets Avdiivka, Toretsk, Marinka and Krasnohorivka. of water or of heating during the winter, putting and inadequate waste management facilities. In addition, 29 settlements reported weekly or residents at risk due to the harsh weather Figure 8: Waste management practices by daily electricity shortages. conditions. For example, the WASH bulletin32 settlement Based on KI’s responses, 88 communities follow poor waste management practices. Water and Electricty Shortages estimates that in Avdiivka and Toretsk 18,000 and 70,000 people are at high risk of heating This was particularly an issue in West Donetsk Electricity and water networks in the region are collapse if the water management system and East Luhansk where a large majority highly interlinked between the GCA and NGCA. of settlements followed inadequate waste Water shortages seem to affect areas around Table 32: Frequency of water shortages per management practices such as burning waste facility 53+2522z and storing it without treatment. This poses an Avdiivka, West Donetsk, Toretsk and Bakhmut HCF Schools Inadequate waste managment 53% the most. East Luhansk did not report major environmental and health risk. Yes, daily 11% 8% Good waste managment 25% problems, however, this may be due to the fact Yes, weekly 5% 7% Don’t know 22% that the majority of settlements are rural and rely on local wells for water provision, rather Yes, infrequently 32% 39% than the municipal network. No 25% 43% Table 33: Percentage of administration conducting water testing by BSU (% of communities) The facility has no water 27% 3% South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk Damage to infrastructure was more frequently supply cited as a WASH challenge in South Donetsk, No testing 50% 40% 57% 0% 25% 63% 80% 50% 60% 43% 100% 75% 37% 20% Table 31: Most reported WASH challenges (% of KIs) Testing

South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk Table 34: WASH situation in assessed communities in BSU (% of communities) Shortages Damage to South Donetsk West Donetsk Avdiivka Toretsk Bakhmut Popasna East Luhansk infrastructure Communities following No problems 50% 100% 78% 50% 50% 77% 95% Cannot bad waste disposal empty Communities sceptic tank without 33% 50% 22% 33% 33% 77% 68% Highest 57% 0% Lowest running water

32 WASH Cluster, 2017. WASH Cluster Ukraine Alert Bulletin. Kyiv. Available online. 16 33 UNICEF, 2015. Available online. Partners

About REACH REACH is a joint initiative of two international non-governmental organizations - ACTED and IMPACT Initiatives - and the UN Operational Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT). REACH’s mission is to strengthen evidence- based decision making by aid actors through efficient data collection, management and analysis before, during and after an emergency. By doing so, REACH contributes to ensuring that communities affected by emergencies receive the support they need. All REACH activities are conducted in support to and within the framework of inter-agency aid coordination mechanisms. For more information please visit our website: www.reach-initiative.org.

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