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Journal of Threatened Taxa The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication Population and conservation threats to the Greater Flamingos Phoenicopterus roseus (Aves: Phoenicopteri- formes: Phoenicopteridae) at Basai Wetland and Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary, Haryana, India Amit Kumar & Sarita Rana 26 June 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 7 | Pages: 18894–18898 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6258.13.7.18894-18898 For Focus, Scope, Aims, and Policies, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/aims_scope For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/policies_various For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2021 | 13(7): 18894–18898 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6258.13.7.18894-18898 #6258 | Received 03 June 2020 | Final received 30 May 2021 | Finally accepted 07 June 2021 SHORT COMMUNICATION Populaton and conservaton threats to the Greater Flamingos Phoenicopterus roseus (Aves: Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae) at Basai Wetland and Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary, Haryana, India Amit Kumar 1 & Sarita Rana 2 1 Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India. 2 Department of Zoology, Insttute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] Abstract: Greater Flamingos are the largest and most widespread, Flamingos Phoenicopterus roseus are the largest, and most among other species of Phoenicopteridae. This study documents the common among all the species of famingos. Food and populaton structure and conservaton threats afectng the populaton and habitat of the famingos at Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary and suitable habitat are key factors afectng its distributon Basai wetland in Haryana, India. The study areas were surveyed (Ali 1987; Jenkin 1957). The Greater Flamingos primarily monthly between May 2019 to February 2020 at regular intervals. A Nikon 8 X 40 feld binoculars and a Nikon SX60 camera were used feed on phytoplankton, zooplankton, crustaceans, to observe focks of P. roseus. A total of 65 focks of famingo were molluscs, sedge seeds and the remains of higher plants observed, and 6,768 individuals were counted using point counts (Ali 1987; Tere 2005). Availability of food, water quality, method. Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary holds a major proporton of their populaton comprising about 91.78 % and Basai wetland depth, and infuence of predator are some important holds about 8.21 % of their populaton, while 52.46 % of the total factors that infuence the populaton and distributon of populaton were classifed as adults, and 47.53 % were juveniles (sub- waterbirds (Arengo & Baldassarre 1995; Baldassarre & adults). Habitat fragmentaton resultng from constructon of roads is one of the major threats, while overgrowth of water hyacinth, catle Arengo 2000; Pirela 2000; Tuite 2000). grazing and fshing actvites at Basai Wetland, adversely afected the Flamingos use habitats including fresh and salt water, famingos. At the Najafgarh Jheel, catle grazing was considered to be brackish water, shallow lagoons, alkaline lakes, saltpans, the major threat, followed by the overgrown water hyacinth, fshing actvites and collision with high tension power lines. and mudfats (Ali 1987; Grimmet et al. 1998). Being wetland specialists, Greater Flamingos are found to feed, Keywords: Catle grazing, Gurugram, habitat, populaton, water roost, and nest in the wetlands, hence any change or loss hyacinth, wetland. in their habitat is considered a signifcant threat. The present study was conducted to assess the Flamingos are gregarious birds that live in focks, populaton structure and to document conservaton ranging from a few to thousands ofen referred to as threats at Basai wetland and Najafgarh Jheel Bird Pat (Tere 2005; Johnson & Cezilly 2007). The Greater Sanctuary, which are declared Important Bird Areas Editor: Zafar-ul Islam, Natonal Wildlife Research Center Ecology and Biology, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Date of publicaton: 26 June 2021 (online & print) Citaton: Kumar, A. & S. Rana (2021). Populaton and conservaton threats to the Greater Flamingos Phoenicopterus roseus (Aves: Phoenicopteriformes: Phoe- nicopteridae) at Basai Wetland and Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary, Haryana, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(7): 18894–18898. htps://doi.org/10.11609/ jot.6258.13.7.18894-18898 Copyright: © Kumar & Rana 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: Council of Scientfc & industrial Research (CSIR). Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: One of the authors Mr. Amit Kumar is thankful to the Human Resource Development Group (HRDG) Council of Scientfc & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India for providing fnancial assistance to carry out this research work with the fle no. 09/105(0278)/2018- EMR-1. The authors are thankful to the Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra for providing necessary facilites to carry out this study. The authors are also thankful to Mr. Harsh Gulat, Miss Parul, and Miss Anjali for giving their valuable tme and help in data collecton. 18894 Greater Flamingos at Basai Wetland & Najafgarh Jheel BS Kumar & Rana J TT (IBA) by BirdLife Internatonal (Islam & Rahmani 2004). the Gurugram District of Haryana, India. As untreated Populaton abundance and conservaton threats for sewage fows into it, the Jheel is one of the most Greater famingos were carried out in Gurugram District contaminated, though stll an important habitat for of Haryana. The current study recommends conservaton many species of birds and plants. measures to mitgate threats to famingos and other species of waterbirds in these IBA sites. Methods The selected sites were surveyed on a monthly Study area basis, from May 2019 to February 2020. The data were Basai wetland collected from sunrise to sunset. A combinaton of feld Basai wetland (28.468N, 76.981E; 216–219 m) is observatons, and tme series imagery were used to named afer the village Basai, in Gurugram District in identfy changes in the open water area. Observatons Haryana, India. The wetland close to Basai-Dhankot were carried out by using a Nikon 8 X 40 feld binoculars railway staton and 8 km from the Sultanpur Natonal and a Nikon SX60 camera. Birds were counted monthly Park. It is a perennial shallow water wetland with an area using the point count method (Sutherland 2006; Bibby of 250 acres and is an IBA that has global conservaton et al. 2000) and locatons of each sightng of focks signifcance as it supports populatons of several were recorded by means of a hand-held GPS device. endangered, vulnerable, and threatened bird species To construct a distributon map of the study area the (Islam & Rahmani 2004). geographic informaton system (GIS) sofware (Arc- GIS 10.5) was used. Various threats were determined Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary through direct observatons. A total of 17 people were Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary (28.498N, 76.946E), interviewed throughout the study period. To reach study located on the Delhi-Haryana border, and estmated sites at various locatons, diferent modes of transport around 7 km long, is the part of Sahibi River. The were used. Adults and immature (sub-adults) birds were Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary extends to two villages, identfed based on their plumage (Allen 1956; Johnson Kherki-Majra and Dhankot with an area of 298 acres, in & Cezilly 2007). Figure 1. Study area: A—Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary | B—Basai Wetland (23.v.2020). Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2021 | 13(7): 18894–18898 18895 J TT Greater Flamingos at Basai Wetland & Najafgarh Jheel BS Kumar & Rana ResultS Populaton structure A total of 65 focks of famingos were observed, and 6,768 individuals of Greater Flamingos were counted from May 2019 to February 2020. Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary holds a major proporton of their populaton comprising 91.78 % and Basai wetland holds 8.21% of their populaton (Table 1). Among 6,768 individuals of Greater Flamingos 52.46 % were classifed as adults and 47.53 % were juveniles (sub-adults), while chicks were not observed. Figure 2. Populaton age structure
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