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Hz. Peygamber'in Mekke Müşrikleri

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Hz. Peygamber'in Mekke Müşrikleri T. C. ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İSLÂM TARİHİ VE SANATLARI ANABİLİM DALI İSLÂM TARİHİ BİLİM DALI HZ. PEYGAMBER’İN MEKKE MÜŞRİKLERİ DIŞINDAKİ ARAP KABİLELERİ İLE MÜNASEBETLERİ (MEDİNE DÖNEMİ) (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) Merzuk GRABUS BURSA 2011 T. C. ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İSLÂM TARİHİ VE SANATLARI ANABİLİM DALI İSLÂM TARİHİ BİLİM DALI HZ. PEYGAMBER’İN MEKKE MÜŞRİKLERİ DIŞINDAKİ ARAP KABİLELERİ İLE MÜNASEBETLERİ (MEDİNE DÖNEMİ) (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) Merzuk GRABUS Danışman Doç. Dr. Âdem APAK BURSA 2011 ÖZET Yazar : Merzuk GRABUS Üniversite : Uludağ Üniveristesi Anabilim Dalı : İslâm Tarihi ve Sanatları Bilim Dalı : İslâm Tarihi Bilim Dalı Tezin Niteliği : Yüksek Lisans Tezi Sayfa Sayısı : ix + 131 Mezuniyet Tarihi : …../…../ 2011 Tez : Danışman(lar)ı HZ. PEYGAMBER’İN MEKKE MÜŞRİKLERİ DIŞINDAKİ ARAP KABİLELERİ İLE MÜNASEBETLERİ (MEDİNE DÖNEMİ) Çalışmada Hz. Peygamber’in Müzeyne, Cüheyne, Damra, Müdlic, Gıfâr, Hevâzin, Huzâa, Süleym, Gatafân, Esed, Kudâa, Tayy, Ezd ve Cüzâm kabileleriyle olan dinî, siyasî ve içtimaî ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Giriş kısmında kabile sistemi ve İslâm öncesi dönem Arap sosyal ve siyasî hayatı hakkında temel bilgiler verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde kabilelerin menşeği ve cahiliye dönemindeki soy ve konumları ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise Hz. Peygamber’in yukarıda saydığımız Mekke müşrikleri haricindeki Arap toplumları olan kabilelerle ilişkilerine yer verilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcukler Müzeyne, Gıfâr, Huzâa, Hevâzin, Kudâa, Ezd, Tayy, Cüzâm iii ABSTRACT Author: : Merzuk Grabus University: : Uludağ University Main Dicipline: : History of Islam and Arts Dicipline: : History of Islam Characteristic Of Thesis: : Master Degree Thesis Page Numbers: : ix + 131 Graduation Date: : Consultant: : THE RELATIONSHIPS OF PROPHET WITH ARAP TRIBES EXCEPT FOR QURAYSH (MEDİNA PERİOD) This study is an analysis of the religious, political and social relationships between Prophet Muhammad and tribes such as Muzayna, Juhayna, Damra, Mudlij, Gifâr, Havâzin, Huzâa, Sulaym, Gatafân, Asad, Kudâa, Tayy, Azd ve Juzâm. In the introduction is given basic information about tribe system and Arabs’ socio-political life during pre-Islamic era. In the first part are analyzed the origin of tribes, their genealogy and locations. While in the second part are placed the relationships between Prophet Muhammad and tribes of Arab society that we mentioned above, excluding mushriks of Maccah. KEYWORDS: Muzayna, Gifâr, Huzâa, Havâzin, Kudâa, Azd, Tayy, Juzâm iv ÖNSÖZ İslâm Peygamberi Hz. Muhammed hayatının son on yılını Medine’de geçirmiştir. Bu zaman zarfı içerisinde mükellef olduğu nübüvvet, ilâ-i kelimetullah ve tebliğ en güzel bir şekilde yapmıştır. Evrensel din olan İslâm’ın Peygamberi Medine’de nübüvvet görevinin yanı sıra Medine şehir devletinin başkanlık görevini de üstlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla yeni devleti kurmak için ortaya koymuş olduğu prensipler büyük öneme sahiptir. Mescidin inşası, Ensâr –Muhacir kardeşliği ve Medine nüfus sayımı önemli adımlarındandır. Hz. Peygamber’in Medine’de ilk yaptığı faaliyetlerden birisi henüz İslâm’a girmemiş olan toplulukları İslâm’a davet etmek idi. Bu anlamada Hz. Peygamber Medine vatandaşlığı merkezinde şehirde ikamet eden insanları hukukî bir zeminde birleştirdikten sonra Medine dışındaki farklı din ve ırka mensup insanlarla dinî, içtimaî ve siyasî münasebetler geliştirmeye karar verdi. Bunun asıl sebebi risâlet görevini hakkıyla yerine getirmek, yeni İslâm dinini yaymaktı. Çünkü o, Medine’de kazandığı siyasî kişiliğine rağmen, her şeyden önce bir peygamberdi. Mekke ve Medine dışında yaşayan müşrik Arap kabileleri Hz. Peygamber’in potansiyel düşmanlarıydılar. Bu kabilelerden Müzeyne, Cüheyne, Damra, Müdlic, Gıfâr, Hevâzin, Huzâa, Süleym, Esed, Gatafân, Tayy, Ezd, Kudâa ve Cüzam’ın Hz. Peygamber ile ilişkileri bu çalışmada incelenecektir. Bu çalışmanın seçilmesindeki amaç, Hz. Peygamber’in Medine dönemindeki faaliyetlerinin daha iyi ortaya koyabilmek için o bölgede önemli bir yer teşkil eden Arap kabileleri ile ilişkilerini tespit etmektir. Bu sağlandığı takdirde Risâletin Medine döneminin daha belirgin bir şekilde anlaşılması sağlanmış olacaktır. Bu bağlamda bugünkü Müslüman ile gayrımüslimler arasındaki ilişkilere de bir ışık tutacağı aşikârdır. “Hz. Peygamber’in Mekke müşrikleri dışındaki Arap kabileler ile Münasbetleri” adını taşıyan çalışma, giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde kabile sistemi ve İslâm öncesi dönemde Arap sosyal ve siyasî hayatı hakkında temel bilgiler incelenecektir. Birinci bölümde kabilelerin menşei ve v câhiliyye dönemindeki soyu ve konumu incelenecektir. İkinci bölümde ise Hz. Peygamber’in Arap kabileleriyle olan dinî, siyasî ve içtimaî ilişkileri ele alınacaktır. Çalışmanın meydana gelmesinde destek ve yardımlarını gördüğüm saygıdeğer hocam Doç. Dr. Âdem APAK’a ve kıymetli arkadaşım Fatih AKAL’a teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. vi İÇİNDEKİLER TEZ ONAY SAYFASI ................................................................................................ii ÖZET ..........................................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ iv İÇİNDEKİLER ..........................................................................................................vii KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................ ix GİRİŞ ARAP TOPLUMUNDA KABİLE’YE GENEL BİR BAKIŞ Arap Toplumunda Kabile’ye Genel Bir Bakış ......................................................... 2 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM İSLÂM ÖNCESİ DÖNEM ARABİSTAN’INDA KABİLELER A. Müzeyne......................................................................................................... 13 B. Cüheyne ......................................................................................................... 15 C. Damra............................................................................................................. 16 D. Müdlic............................................................................................................ 17 E. Gıfâr ............................................................................................................... 17 F. Hevâzin........................................................................................................... 18 G. Huzâa ............................................................................................................. 20 H. Süleym ........................................................................................................... 22 İ. Esed ................................................................................................................. 24 J .Gatafân ............................................................................................................ 25 K. Tayy ............................................................................................................... 25 L. Ezd.................................................................................................................. 27 M. Kudâa ............................................................................................................ 28 N. Cüzam ............................................................................................................ 29 vii İKİNCİ BÖLÜM HZ. PEYGAMBER’İN KABİLELERLE İLİŞKİLERİ A. Müzeyne......................................................................................................... 32 B. Cüheyne ......................................................................................................... 39 C. Damra............................................................................................................. 45 D. Müdlic ............................................................................................................ 50 E. Gıfâr ............................................................................................................... 53 F. Hevâzin .......................................................................................................... 59 G. Huzâa ............................................................................................................. 67 H. Suleym ........................................................................................................... 74 İ. Esed................................................................................................................ 83 J. Gatâfan ........................................................................................................... 90 K. Tayy ............................................................................................................... 99 L. Ezd ............................................................................................................... 102 M. Kudâa ........................................................................................................... 110 N. Cüzâm........................................................................................................... 115 SONUÇ .................................................................................................................... 120 BİBLİYOGRAFYA ................................................................................................. 122 viii KISALTMALAR a.g.e, Adı geçen eser b. Bin bkz. Bakınız c. Cilt çev. Çeviren D.İ.B. Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı h. Hicrî haz. Hazırlayan Hz. Hazreti
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