JQYIYL=F®P•

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 91 Veda Vyasa, the Mahabharata etc. Subrata Kumar Das

Listening to the Mahabharata had been a common practice for me as we had a dadu, an elderly mohuri (clerk for shop keeping) working for long in an adjacent shop of our house. Dadu, being elderly and at my mother’s father’s age and my mother being a bit kindish to everyone around her, would arrive a bit frequently during the lunch times, and after the full belly dal-bhat he would spend the lazy afternoons reading out the Mahabharata. Getting a listener, of whatever age this writer then was, dadu would feel elated and spirited. But my spirit would get more nourished when there was the story of Avhimanyu, a sixteen year old boy, who was killed in the Chakravyuha by the seven great warriors of the Kauravas in the Kurukshetra War. Was it the genesis of all my love for this great epic, the Mahabharata, and its writer Krishna Dwaipayana Veda Vyasa and his other writings? I can very easily recall my long liking for Avhimanyu who has been my hero till date, though it is true that there had added some more heroes like Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and Spartacus. But the place of Avhimanyu sustained with great nourishment. Gradually the MahabharataDSSHDUHGDQGUHDSSHDUHGLQP\UHDGLQJWDEOHZLWKQHZRXW¿W$ORQJZLWKWKHWH[WV in Bangla and English, prose and verse, shorter and extended, and sometimes with detailed annotations in newer editions of this literary accomplishment. Visual productions did not remain farther. Even animations on the Mahabharata stories enchanted me at this elderly age though the TV serials telecast on the Hindi-language FKDQQHOVIDLOHGWRVDWLDWHWKLVVRXO9HU\UHFHQWO\3HWHU%URRN¶VIRXUKRXU¿OP  GHOYHGQRYHOGLPHQVLRQV Like many others, I have heard many times bitter criticism against this Indian epic, which is no less popular in Bangla translation by Kashidas. So large a book, with so many characters, comprising so many episodes, encompassing so many unbelievable events, including so many incidents of socially unacceptable sexual relationships etc! But did I get anyone to speak in favour of the book? My father late Baidyanath Das tried to convince me this way or that, but naturally those were from religious fervor only. The Mahabharata, an epic of one hundred thousand verses, was the creation of Krishna Dwaipayana Veda Vyasa alias Vyasa Deva. The amazing creation of this intriguing story could be read and reread, interpreted from many different points of views, and evaluated newerly. How strange it is that the Mahabharata has been translated into the Bangla by Haridash Siddhantabgish (1878-1961) and been published from Kolkata comprising more than 19 thousand pages in 43 volumes! Yes, it deserves! The information is only to highlight depth and height of this book which encouraged Bankimchandra Chattapadhyay (1838-1894) to write a book called Krishnacharitra (1886). Mohabharat Monjori (1924) by Bankimchandra Lahiri (1860 - ?) and Mahabharater Kotha (1974) by Buddhabev Bose (1908-1974) were also worthy pieces on this worldly acclaimed book in Bangla. No doubt there are some hundreds in our mother language, some thousands in foreign tongues. If we look back at the reproductions, the number will be simply uncountable. Tens of hundreds of novels, dramas, and volumes of poetry have been written on different characters, episodes, of ideologies of the Mahabharata. Nineteenth century produced so many Bangla plays based on this great epic. This newer writings are on the move till date. The recent success by Shashi Tharoor’s (b. 1956) in The Great Indian Novel (1989) reminds us the unfathomable essence of the great book. Many a critic opines that it is impossible to write a large book like The Mahabharata by a single a person. The question is undeniable but not undebatable. Not only the Mahabharata is attributed to Vyasa, there are some more volumes to be attributed to him. He wrote Bhagavad, another long book. Historians attribute some Puranas to his name also. 7KH¿UVWQDPHRI9\DVDLV.ULVKQDWKRXJKLWZDVQRWWKHVDPH.ULVKQDZKRKDLOHGIURPWKH

92 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 The reader may recall the conversation between Yudhisthira and Yama (Yaksha or Dharma) in the Van Parva? Let me cite some of those questions and their answers from the translation by Kamala Subramaniam: Q: What is grief? A: Ignorance is grief. Q: What is real ablution? A: A true consists in washing the mind clean of all impurities. Q: What is weightier than the earth itself? A: The mother has more weight than the earth. Q: What is higher than the heaven? A: The father. How many questions were actually thrown to Yudhisthira? When some one runs over the questions s/he realises the philosophical upliftment of the classic. The way he made the answers and the patience he showed at that time give us real clues why Yudhisthira, not Arjuna, neither Korna, nor Bhishma not even Drona should be considered the true hero of this monumental work. Thus the Mahabharata presents itself as an unparallel literary achievement. We, the Bangali readers, who are the real possessors of the Mahabharata, do hardly try to understand the magic realistic elements in it. Neither have we tried to evaluate how much successful Veda Vyasa was in manipulating the narrative techniques in his Magnum opus. How could he think an all-visionary narrator Sanjay who could be empowered all the incidents happening in the nook and corner happening at the Kurukshetra war that there may arise no question about the authenticity of the speaker? How could Veda Vyasa think of the importance of the repetition of some of the wise exchanges in the same book? When I read Syed Waliullah’s Chander Amabasya (Night with no Moon) or Kando Nodi Kando (Cry O River Cry), I visualise the writer’s experiments of narrating incidents repeatedly with some smaller changes and thus create a QHZHUWH[W7RHQFRXUDJH$UMXQD¿JKWULJKWEHIRUHWKHZDU.ULVKQDVSRNHRXWVRPHVHYHQKXQGUHGYHUVHV$IWHU the war Arjuna requested Krishna to deliver those wise things again on the pretext that he had forgot most of those EHLQJEXV\ZLWKWKHZDUIDUH:H¿QGWKHLUUHDSSHDUDQFHIRUPRUHWLPHVWKRXJKLQVPDOOHUDQGSUHFLVHYHUVLRQV How unbelievably intellectual the book is! Let us not forget that historian who called the Kurukshetra War as the World War where peoples from many different nations participated. Eventually, there is the exposition of multifarious sexual behaviours, cultural attitudes, behavioural differences. Is the world guided by one single behaviour code at present? And for this reason, I want to request the reader of the Mahabharata to be more respectful to others’ aspects which is the prime teaching of intercultural dialogues. Never had I thought of the religious aspects of this great book, but the philosophical height available there could sooth any true reader. How is it to cite some lines from The Gita translated by R .C. Zaehner?

From Attachment springs desire, From desire is anger born. From anger comes bewilderment, From that the wandering of mind (smrti) From this the destruction of the soul; With soul destroyed the man is lost. (2.62-63) or, For the protection of the good, For the destruction of evildoers, For the setting up of righteousness, I come into being, age after age. (4.8) I feel a sort of lofty warmth while going through those as I feel the poetic taste in the internationally acclaimed translation. Thus my reading the Mahabharata never stops. Whenever any Bangla or English book on it falls on my way, or I come across any newer reproduction of the Mahabharata stories, I feel elated /HWPH¿QLVKWKLVZULWHXSZLWKWKHQRYHOW\WKDW,DPD]HGO\ZDWFKLQ3HWHU%URRN¶VWKHMahabharata. He made Bhima a Negroid origin. Madri also of the black sect! Bhishma also does have a black appearance though all those three vary from each other. On the other hand Brook has made Drona a Mongoloid and Arjuna, an European, though Yudhisthiara and Arjuna are of different European origins. And Abhimanyu? Seems a true British! How did Brook conceive the idea of Chakravyuha? No doubt, many viewers are unhappy as Brook does not sketch the WUDGLWLRQDOUR\DOPLOLHXLQKLV¿OP%XWDWOHDVWZHVKRXOGQRWIRUJHWWKDWWKHMahabharata opened a wide window for him to brood over.

(Writer: A newcomer in Toronto, can be reached at [email protected])

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 93 JQYIYL= myKzgvi ivq

.]L¾.]gMZF=YJQI[JJQYNT nw¯Íbvq P›`ªesk KziæivRKzj I]HEZH5T[H[LÇEFZL3T LY5=z.gLEP\g/ZHØgJ$=]M_ NYv¥E\LY5YLF\¦EYJP=Hƒ= fP%.]gM5ZE~=H\hCHHgNQYT 50g=PYB‚.EYJPg=$E\L=_ $´HZMDd=LY˃LY5EYZQFYT_ ˆATV5EE[0•YHLZCgMY=XYgL .ZEÌ=YQYLFY³]LY5=zfP.gL ZE5%p4YZHEYH[LEYJgLPVPYgL_ FXY3Z8Pv¥YE=YLfCH=YLHgL_ Gw`‡K b`xi R‡j Wzweqv AZj Z‡j H\Z¯½VN1g8QYTNYv¥E\LY5YL f5ÌF\¦K\ZDZÌLD[LNYv¥JE I[gJL$HNfCQ †Kg‡b Rv‡b bv †Kn, weev‡ni jvwM eyov K‡i Ave`vi ¬PY×YUDgJ‚LF\¦­.gQPH‚5E_ f.YBYf9Z.MfNgO HYP\.[EYg0LfCgN_ JUPLY5.<Y$Yg4EYgJP=H=[ Z°=[TfPJQYHM[I[JEYJDgL I[gJLZHNYM3YgF EYg0LHPZ=.XYgF =YgLfCZ/NYv¥E\LM\·QMJZ=_ FHEPJYEf=5FHgELHgL_ fCQIYgL.=JgL KZ cvjvBj W‡i, JUPLY5.gQ¬LY5Y.L$HDYE =e=[T$5‚\EH[L%gwCƒL.eFYT KZ bvM `‡j e‡j I[gJgLJYZLg=3gM ¬Z.gPL$YNYT.Q.ZL.EYCYE" LcgFg<fNjgK‚H[gK‚$=]MDLYT_ CVZNTYI[gJL0YT JQYZHO;YgM=YT_ ¬P=Hƒ=f5ÌfP%LY5$ZD.YL[ GB wZb m‡nv`i KzšÍxi Kzgvi, $u{]=1Z8M=YgQ I[J3×]fJZM3YgQ ¬$YJYLEYZ=LYQgH=YL$Y™Y3YL[ ZHJY=Y$Yg4EJYCƒ[C\%F\¦=XYL ZHgOQTZHO×T J\Qag=‚f3=EYQT ¬LY5JY=Y.I]EYZQQgHP=H=[ bKzj I mn‡`e myRb mykxj fCg/I[J3YZLFYgN EYg0LYf1ZLTY$YgP_ ¬f=X%*ZHHYQ.BY$E\Z3=$Z=_­ *.PYgBFXY35gEHYgRZ=MZ=E_ fCZ/TYI[O<LYg0 DZLN=N=EYg0 I0xJgEQZˆ¥EYTZGZLMNYv¥E\ $´LY5Dd=LY˃N=F\¦=YL 3b<‚.gLHYÓHgM JQYIgTEY0CgM $EYQYgL$ZECƒYT5[<‚=YL=E\_ $ZIJYE[C\gK‚YDEf5ÌPHY.YL_ 4]g8KYTQYQY.YgL HYP\.[LY5YL°YgL_ gwš¿gy‡L mZ¨eªZ ïwb me K_v FY³gHLYFXY3IY%EËQTZ.gP evmyKx K‡nb, Ô†kvb $YLITEYZQf.YE grm¨ivRcy‡i wMqv Kwnj eviZv- *%Z3v¥Y.gLC\Ë5zZMZQVPYZHgO_ ÔZzwg Zv‡i myeP‡b Avb †n_v mhZ‡b ¬LYg5JJPYDEYZQ.ZL$•[.YL fQE.YgMPH‚5gEIYPY%TYfNYg. ivRvi Av‡`‡k Z‡e Avevi wdwiqv m‡e ¬5ZE~gMf=YJYLEYZ=LY5QgH=YL_­ JYCƒ[PQFY³]LY5YKYTFLgMYg._ K‡i wMqv wb‡e`b HYP\.[LZEJv—< LY5Y.gQ¬PYD\=]ZJP==HHY<[ ¬FY³]f0M­JgEJgEIYgHC\gK‚YDE ÇZEI[J.]=bQgM ivRvi cywi‡Z P‡j, ¬f=YJYLPv¥YEQg==H\ITJYZE_ ¬*%HYgLK\ZDZÌLFYgHZPVQYPE fPBYTIZLTYF®Y< .ZLTY$Jd=FYE ¬f.5YgEIZHO.BYhCH0Z=DYLY ¬%p4YQT*%Cg³Z0TY=YgLJYZL ZHgOLKY=EY$YL Z.4]EYLZQM=YL ¬F®Z=HYC[QTKZCLY5MYgI=YLY"­ ¬I[gJLIgTg=Z.4].ZLg=EYFYZL_ JQY1\gJILF\L PH. YZv¥QMCaL_ P=Hƒ=.gQ¬ÇEF®Z=™Y$YJYL ¬$YJYLf.jNgMFYg.I[JKZCJgL ZLb evmyKx Zv‡i fˆxQIgLHYgLHYgL ¬HVNEYLZQgHJJFdZBH[JY6YL_ ¬$EYTYgPK\ZDZÌgLJYZL=YLFgL_­ Avwkm Kwiqv Zvq FY9Y%MQZˆ¥EYT_ ¬PY×[LQ3wCƒPaK‚fMYg.fMY.Yv¥gL .]3Ø.ZLTY=gHC\ËC\gK‚YDE fPBYIY%3YZL5gE $Yg4fNY.Y.]MJgE *%5gE~P=Hƒ=ZHHYQEY.gL_­ b`xZx‡i Drm‡ei K‡i Av‡qvRb- KzšÍxi bqbRj 6gLfPBY$ZHLM ÇZETY$u{]=HY<[DE.gQfMYg. *.N=FXY3IY%ZJZM*.PYgB J0E0I[LC\g/ ZGgLPgH}ÐYEJ\g/_ ˆA0‚Qg=F\‡ÒDYLY6ZLMFMg._ $YgJYC$YQ YgCfIYg5JQYEgwCJYg=_ fQE.YgMQYLYZEZD PQPYZJMYMZHZD †mB n‡Z mZ¨eªZ L¨vZ PivP‡i fQEGXYg.C\gKY‚DEFLJK=gE ZHOYCQ%MCaL RvwMj nw¯Íbvcyi, I[O<F®Z=™YHgMI[JEYJDgL_ ZHgOLZJËYExfCTI[gJLHCgE_ DjøwmZ Kji‡e $YEgwCJYZ=MPgH? 1\Z3MP.MHYDY$YEZwC=Z3g= $g3=EQMI[JZHgOLfENYT P=H=[LY<[QTQZˆ¥EYF\L[g=_ P\gKY0H\Z6TYC\ËDZLM=YQYT ØgJQgMHO‚0=NYv¥E\L1gL f0YFgEEC[L5gMZCMIYPY%TY 5E~ZEMPHZNÇPgHPJYCgL_ f.QEY5YZEMZ.4]'UPgHJYZ=TY? LYZ/MZHZ3¦H[K‚EYJZ8=YQYL NYv¥E\JZLM=YgLZCTYLY5IYL_ $.YgMZHZ3¦H[K‚J\ZCgME$YXZ/ FY³]$YLDd=LY˃C\%F\¦LYZ/? P=Z5ULYT,FYB‚HP\P}ÒYZC=P\.]JYLPJ0®H%fBg.PV0dQ[=

94 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 ˆ€dZ=3YL<

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 95 HYMˆ€dZ= cÖmv` e¨vbvwR©, A‡›UwiI, KvbvWv LZHHYLZH.YgM$YJYgCLHYR[g=HYHYL.gT.5EH´]$YPg=E$YL0ÅPÅ.gLPJT.Y8Yg=E_+PJTLYJYTE JQYIYL=fHCF\LY<%=YZCNYˆ—P}Ag´EYEYL.J$YgMY3EYQ¬=_fP%ˆ€dZ=fBg.Z.4\PVˆke=fNÐY.*/YgEZCMYJ_ 1 N.‚LYN=IYgLEZE}AHdŽJ\FY5‚g=_ N=IYLN.‚LYL'FLZE}AHdŽfLYF<.ZLTYF®=QC\“ZPšE.ZLgM,ZE}A FTPYZPšg=ZE=VEZE}AJD\LYTg=__ ./E,JD\LQTEY_ 2 $•YLN=gDjg=EJZME=zVE5YTg=_ $•YLN=gDj=Q%gM,=YQYLJZME=zEËQTEY_ 3 ZCHJYJƒGMVI\ŒYE0H‚5Y=f.YZ.MW_ ZCH$YJƒGMIŽ<.ZLTY,f.YZ.gML0H‚QTEY_ F[=zY.§‚JFYE[TVfIg.YI. I.YTg=__ $B3.C‚JYŒ5MFYE.ZLTYfI.I. I. N».gL__ 4 $PYD5MPšYL[ZH.YL[E3fLYZQ=W_ fLYZQ=JUP$PYD5gMZH3L<.ZLTY,D[LBYg._ 0³\O5MJYg¦ENGL[GL GLYTg=_ Z.vmNGL[ FX\Z8JY4 0³\OJY¦5gM%GL GL .gL__ 5 N.]ZEEYZJHY.YgN5gMHYZL3LP3_ gKJE$Y.YgNFŽ[,5gMQVgPL*.Z8FC,CdZËg0Y3LQTEY=Cƒ¾F FYCgJ.YECdgN=KCY™YEH=Y0Z=W__ ZH°YEfMYg.L0Z=ZHZD$CdËBYg._ 6 PYgDYWZHCYJYCYT$B‚J CYEYTHMJ F®Z=FYMEYT_ PYD\gMYg.LFgŽZHCYPV0®gQL5E$B‚CYgEL5E,HMC\H‚gML /MPZHCYZHHYCYT$B‚JYCYTHMJ FLF[REYT__ F®Z=FYMgEL5E_/gMLZHCYZHHYC5EY$B‚$YCYT5E,HMC\H‚Mg. F[RE.ZLHYL5E_ 7 ZF=Y DJ‚ ZF=Y ˆA0‚ ZF=ZL FLJV =FW ZF=ZL ZF=Y%DJ‚ˆA0‚,FLJ=FPY_ZF=YPvmËQ%gMP.MfCH=YPvmËQ%TY F®[Z=JYFgEZF®Tgv¥PH‚gCH=Y__ BYg.E__ 8 fKEÇ. [.e=YQVPYÇ.ÈQZL=[.e=Y_ JTaLZÈZ¦=WfKEPYf=HdZ£VZHDYPZ=__ 9 .eÊ.gLY=].MY

96 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 f4gMgHMYLC\0‚YFag5Y Jd

HYLJYgPf=LFYH‚<fCYM$YLC\g0‚YUPgHLfCNHYVMYgCN_HO‚YfNgO BRfHXgDh=L[.L=fCHfCH[*HV=YgCLHYQEgCLJaZ=‚gMY_HXYN NLg=LDYEFY81gLf=YMYfNOQg=EYQg=%Z8Z8FYgT*Z0gT ZCgT.Y9YgJYh=L[.gL=YL'FLJaZ=‚gMYg.HZPgTJYZ8LF®gMF $YP=C\0‚YFag5YHY w`‡q gv_vwenxb NYLC[T C\g0‚YUPH_ †`e †`ex M‡o $YJYL f4gMgHMYL cÖ_gev‡ii ZCEgMY g.g8g4 .Y5 fNO .gL 0®YgJ_ $5FYRY0XY fK= .]gJYL_ HMg= KY fHY6YT *LFL Z°=[T wVK †Zgwb GK gvwUi cÖ‡j‡ci 0®YgJ $YJYL 5E~_ PJT 4XYg3 0RY Avgv‡`i GjvKvi gv_v emvZ 0®YJgMY Z4gMY JaZ=‚gMYg= ZQwC\ F®DYE GgM *HV PHgNgO fHN D\JDYgJL OÌ[L C\¬*.ZCE PYgB% C\0‚YFag5Y Av‡M Av‡M iO AbywôZ nZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ 0®YJgMYg=_ PY5P–YL Fag5YL JYP /YgE. KvR¸‡jv †m‡i Av‡M †_‡KB fGM=$LZHwC_ †Zvo‡Rvo ïiæ n‡q †hZ, mvR mvR ki‡Zi G ie c‡o †hZ MÖv‡g mgq †Zv 0®YgJ_ JY%5FYRY Fag5YL fJjP\J_ 'RYE[ fCjM=F\L C\0‚YFag5YL mg¯Í MÖvg¸‡jv FXY3ZCE FL †g‡Z DVZ MŽ[Fag5Y =YL F®Z=gKYZ0=YT_ c‡biw`b ci cÖwZgv, gvBK, .YM[Fag5Y *HV ;Y.[J³FPY5P5zYPHZ.4\g=%F®Z=gKYZ0=YQ=0®YJgMYLJgD_ =YL,C\ZCEFLIY%gGXY8Y_PHHYR[g=Z6fHjgTLYh=L[.L=J\ZR Fag5YgMY Q= HYgLYTYL[IYgH $B‚YU 0®YJHYP[LY 3XYCY =]gM PHY% J\RZ.EYR\*HVfJYTY_JQYMTYLZCEfIYLLYg=$YgNFYgNL3YL ZJgM$YgTY5E.L=fPFag5YL_JYL.Yg4ÇgEZ4HYTHÓMQ,TYg= FXY3HYZRLPHY%*gPI[R.L=5YJY%CYLZHLY8$Y.YgLLZGZMFP C\0‚YFag5YEYZ.HYgLYTYL[IYgH%.LYZETJ_$YJYgCL0®YgJLC\0‚YFag5Y gLZ:,¬LPYJgE_$Y.YNHYE[fBg.fIgP$YP=H[gLwCƒ.eÊIgCƒL Q=.YM[=MYT_'£LFYRYTC\¬Z=EZH1Y5\gRBY.YN=HO‚[F\gLYgEY 'CY£0MYªKYfCH[PH‚I\g=O\ZHÊ\L¾gFEPVZˆn=YEJˆ¥iPEJˆ¥iP H80Y4 =MYT Z4M Z8gEL 4Y'E[L f4Y8 .YM[ JZwCL_ fP% fBg.% EJˆ¥iPEJEJ_Fag5YLPJT$YJYgCL5EHLY§BY.=E=]E5YJY H8=MYL EYJ .YM[=MY_ f.YE *. P´YT .YM[=MYT QYZLg.gEL 5\g=Y*HVFYw8_J\.]wCCYL.YFgRLfCY.YgELCZ5‚Z3£CY$YJYgCL $YgMYTFYZ8fFg=HP=Fag5YLZJZ8V_$HˆnY$E\KYT[0®YJHYP[gCL JYFZEgTHYZEgTZCg=EE=]E5YJYFYw8_fPPJTfLZ:gJ:5YJY 3XYCYLFZLJYEZ9..LYQ=_Z9..LYQ=Fag5YL/L3$YFYTE FYgw8LF®3MEZ4MEY_ ;Y.[F\gLYZQ=KY¦Y0YEJY%.PHZ.4\%_.YM[=MYTHXYgNL/\Z8L 'FLZ8gEL4Y'ZE*HVfHRYZCgTJ³Fh=L[QgTfK=F®Z=JY0RY OË[Fag5YLZCgEZHg.gMQ=fCH[LfHYDE_fHYDgEL$Yg0J³F ÇL¾Q,TYL$Yg0%_$LZHwCFYM=YLPY5PLœYgJL6Y.YJYBYT.gL *HV9Y.]LPY5YgEYL.Y5gMYfNO.Lg=Q=_.YL<OÌ[LZCgE f4Y8f4gMg.PYgBZEgT*gPÇL¾.L=J\Z=‚0RY_FYg8LP\g=YZCgT F®Y

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 97 f4gMf/Y.Eg.ZEgTˆk]gMLFYgNLLYˆ¥YZCgT;Y.HY5Yg=HY5Yg= QYg=%$YJYLJd=]«_QYZPLfLYMFgLZ0gTZ4MP\N[gML$ZIEgT_ .YM[=MYT 'FZˆn= QgT PHY%g. 5YEYE ZC= ÇL¾ QgT f0g4 CNJ[LZCEP.YMfHMYFag5YfNgOfHg5'9=ZHCYgTLP\Lª9Y.]L C\0‚YFag5Y_ ERY%M fBg. JY%. $YP= OZÌL ZCgE%_ 'X3] HXYgNL BY.gH .=Ž<9Y.]L KYgH ZHP5‚E«_ *ZCE C\F\gL JY HYHY *HV $Y0YTHYXDYJY%g.Lf3Y•YfBg.$YgNFYgNL0®YJgMYg=4ZRgT $EYE HRgCL .Y4 fBg. $YRV /L3 fF=YJ $YJLY_ *.$YEY FR=JY%g.L$Y,TY5_P.YMfBg.0I[LLY=FK‚v¥.YE6YMYFYMY C\¬$YEYHY3YL$YEY.gL*.8Y.YHY=YLfBg.PYJYEZ.4\fHN[ .gLZC=JY%._1\Lg=BY.YZHLY8$Y.YgLLfL.:‚gMYL'FL 8Y.Y$YP=Fg.g8_$YRV*F4wCJ=/YHYLHYHY5[Z.E=YJfP ZFE HZPgT ./gEY HY5YgEY Q= ZPLY5\g§jMY EY8. ªHYVMY ZHQYL FTPYZCgT_C\F\gLL/Y,TYCY,TYLFLFL%C\g8YfEj.YLJYg6HXYDY 'ZRNYLJQYE$ZDFZ=«$YHYL./gEYHYP´YJ\g/YFYDYgTL HXYgNL JY3YL 'FL f=YMY Q= F®Z=JYg._ Z3¦Y EC[ fHgT F®Z=JYL ªJD\ JYMZ= :Yg. $YT«_ P·J[L ZCE P.YM P.YM L¾CYP CYC\ fEjg.YF®BgJ'£LZCg.J\Z4/YM[FK‚v¥Z0gTZGgL$YP=HY5YgLL EYJYHM[0YgTZCgTH0gMFXYZ5FX\ZBLHYZ³MZEgT/RgJL/8/8 ZCg._fEj.YLPYJgELZCg..Yg9L=ŒYHPYgEYQ=HY5[fFYRYgEYL $Y,TY5=]gMQYZ5LQg=EFag5YJ³gF_fJgTLYZHZIExHYR[HYR[ 5E_F8YNfJYJ4YM$YL0´.Z4MF8.YHY5[LJNMY_fPJNMY 1\gL=]gM$YE=Fag5YLG]MfHMFY=YC\H‚Y$YgJLFMÐH%=YZC_ .Y0g5fFXZ3gTFY8*HVP\g=YZCgTfHXgDh=L[Q=ZHZIEx$Y.YgLL '£LFYRYL fJgTLY MYM FYgRL NYR[ FgL J³gFL Fag5YT PYQYK F8.YHY5[_fMYQYLh=L[M}AYLg:LJYBYLFYg¦JNMYF\gLfEj.YHY .L=L¾CYPCYC\g._GMJ\Mf.g83YM.MYDYEC\H‚YhEHC 0Yg4LPYgB$Y1Y=.gLfGY8YgEYF8.YgMYLEYJZ4Mf1g8HYZ5_ PHZ.4\PYZ5gTZC==YLY_Fag5YLZCEgMYg=P.YgMˆxYEfPgL ./gEYP/gEYf.'f.'5zYMYg=Y18HYZ5HY=YLYHYZ5_.YgMIgCƒ E=]E 5YJYFYw8 FgL QYZ5L Q=YJ .YM[=MYT_ J³gFL PYJgEL QY'%HY5[fGY8Yg=Y'RYE[LPYQYHYR[Lf4gMLY_F®Z=gHN[Pgv¥YO GXY.Y5YT0YTfHšfFg='FgLPYZJTYEY8YZEgTCN‚EYB‚[gCLHPYL fCHYPv¥Y.Y.YFYg8Lh=L[fFYOY.*HVJ\g/YNFgLQE\JYEfPg5 HHˆnY .LY Q=_ .YM[=MYT f;Y.YL J\g/% HP= HYCYJ 3YEY3]L FƒZ=JYLfEj.YT'9g=E_P´YLZCg.$YgNFYgNL0®YgJLF®Z=JY HXYZNfHM\gELfCY.YE_*g.*g.N}{\IŒLEZ5U=FEHMY% gMY *gP 5gRY Q= HY5YL *HV ˆk]gML 1Y8 gMYg=_ .gT.N­ ZHNPJˆ¥H´]HY´H*gPQYZ5LQ=.YM[=MYT_'X3]f=X=]M0Yg4L JYE\OEC[LC\%FYgRCXYZRgT'FgIY0.L=ZHP5‚gELCdN_*gTYˆn FYgNL JYg9 HP= .XYg3L HM *HV :YVZM f/MYL $YPL_ Fag5YL fHj­gTLYC\0‚YF®Z=JYg.DYEC\H‚YZPXC\LFZLgTZCgTZEg5LY*g. ZCEgMYg=$YJLYPHY%BY.=YJˆAYD[E_ˆk]MBY.=EYFRYÇEY $FLg.ZPXC\LFRY=_HY5YL*HVˆk]gMLGXY.YJYg9HP=CNJ[L .LYH´f.YE.Y5.LYLGLJYgTP,BY.=EY_f4gMgJgTLY$HYgD fJMY HY $YRV_ JYZ8 *HV .Yg9L h=L[ f/MEY FYFR HYCYJ 3MYgGLY.L=f/MYD\MY.LYLP\gKY0fF=_P´YLFag5Y$YL=[ 3YEY3]LZJZË%=YZCLFNLYPYZ5gTHP=fCY.YE[LY_P´YLPJT ZCgTfNO.Lg=EL¾CYPCYC\_P·J[$ÏJ[*HVEHJ[LZCEP´YT ZHZIEx0®YgJLfEj.YgMYLJgDÇL¾Q==]J\MF®Z=gKYZ0=Y_JY%g.L Fag5YfNgOHP=$YL=[F®Z=gKYZ0=YL$YPLZH5T[gCL5EBY.= ZH.8$Y,TY5;Y.[LZHP5‚gELHY5EYJYgTL$YL=[$YLJ\ÓJ\‚Ó $Y.O‚<[T F\LˆkYL_ LY/YMCY fEg3 ;Y. HY5Y= $YL f4gM f/Y.E .YEGY8YgEYF8.YHY5[LNg»IgL'9=$YgNFYgNL$Y.YNHY=YP_ HY5Y=.YPY_EYLg.gMLf4YHRYL$YgEDX\FfC,TYD\E3[C\¬QYg= J\g/HY./gEYJYBYL'FLfLg/ZHZIExIZ•g=;Yg.LHYZCL=YgM P´YL Z.4\Ž< FL ZGgL KY,TY ÇL¾ .L= fEjg.YgMY_ LY/YM =YgMfEg3fEg3fCH[L$YL=[.L=f4gMgJgTLY_D\gFL0g´fJj .Y.] ZHP5‚gEL 0YE 0Y%g=E_ J³gFL ZHFL[g= Z3¦YEC[g= *gP fJj.L=PYLYJ³F_0®YgJLHTˆk5gELYPHY%5gRYQg=EJY¬gTL $YRY% FY. ZCgT fBgJ fK= F®Z=JYL fEjg.Y_ HXYgNL JY3YL HXYDE $YL=[g=_ /\gM fC,TYL FL C­FYgN PgL fK= fEjg.Y C\g8Y $YL Z3¦Y EC[L gPPJgTfJY8L0YR[Z4MEY_FCK\0MILPY.gL%L,TYEYZC=YJ 5gM F®Z=JY ZHP5‚E ZCgT ZGgL fK=YJ F\g5Y J³gF_ ZEJY% .Y.] CaLC\LYv¥gLL F®Z=JY fC/g=_ Fag5YL 3YLZCE P.YM ZH.YM ZHLYJ Z4gMEZPg5YgGƒZETYLfLY0[HYH¯FY0M_fKIYgH%fQY.F®Z=HYL BY.= EY F®Z=JY fC/YL_ F®Z=JY fC/Y ZEgT F®Z=gKYZ0=YL D\J Z=ZEF®Z=JYLfEjg.Yg='9gHE%_*.HYLF®Z=JYZHP5‚EfNgO;Y.[ FgR fK= H´]gCL JgD_ fK K= fHN[ F®Z=JY fC/gH =YL .eZ==z L/YMCYg.DY‰YZCgT;Y.PQEC[g=fGgMZCgTZ4gMEZEJY%.Y.]_ fKE ==gHN[_ *.ZCE .Y9YMHYZRTY =YLYN[ JYLY .YM\/YM[ .Y.]LK\ZŒQMQY5YL8Y.YLC\0‚YF®Z=JYK/EZHP5‚EfC,TYQM *HVHYJE/YM[LC\0‚YF®Z=JYfC/YfNO.gLFLZCE'Mg8YZCg.L $YRY%N 8Y.YL ;Y.[ f.E fEj.Yg= BY.gH =Yg., ZHP5‚E ZCg= fCjM=F\L 'RYE[ $Yg=YOFYRY PLPF\gLL F®Z=JYgMY fC/=YJ_ QgH_ HdZ8N $YJgM ERY%gML 5ZJCYLHYR[L C\0‚YFag5YL EYJ:Y. Z4M *MY.Y5\gR_5ZJCYLEYBY.gM,Z3¦YFYgR5ZJCYLgCLˆxYE.LYL J³FfBg.ZGgL$YP=YJHYR[g=_JY=YLEYRrHY=YPYPgwCgNL NYEHYDYgEYHR1Yg8=/gEYZETJJYZG.C\0‚YFag5YQ=_C\¬*.HYL IY³YLZEgTHYLYwCYT$YJYgCL5E$gFŽY.Lg=E_JYg.F®

98 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 .YEY:YTˆAÅ.YM[E$ZI™=Y W: w`jxc PØeZ©x

*.8Y fCN HMg= $YJYgCL JgE *.8Y DYLMississauga g=$HZˆn=HY•YM[gCLPHJZwCgLZEÌYPQ.YgL JYE\gOLHYP*HV.J‚.Y³_$YT=gELZC.ZCgT.YEY:YLYZNTYL C\0‚YFa5Y *HV $EYE Fa5Y P}ÒEx QT_ IŒJ³M[ JZwCgL F®PYC FgL% Z°=[T HdQ£J fCN_ FaH‚ FZÈgJ fCN8Y *=8Y% ZHˆ¥e= fK FYE*4YRY$ExF®YNE*HVFgLYgMjZ..ZØTY.gJ‚LHHˆnY$Yg4_ FaH‚F®Ygv¥L ˆnYE[T PJT FZÈJ F®Ygv¥L PJgTL f3gT PYgR 3YL 1w8Y kniZjx‡Z hvZvqvZ Kivi Rb¨ GO Train $Yg4_EYJ8Y$YJYL/\H *Z0gT_ */YgE FXY38Y Time Zone, $YT=gE IYLg=L $YRY%E IYgMYfMg0Z4M_fIgHZ4MYJfKªKY,TY«Ng»L%VgL5[“Go” ‡_‡K HR QgM, 5EPV/Y IYLg=L 5EPV/YL Z=ZLN IYg0L *. IY0_ GB GO Train bvg, c‡i Rvbjvg GO Qgp4 Government of $ZD.YVNJYE\O/dËDJ‚YHM}A[_N=YZD.IYOYIYO[LJYE\gOLfCNQgM, Ontario’ LPVZ×·LcF_ fHN[LIY0JYE\O%VgL5[IYO[=YLFgL%GLYP[IYO[*%C\g8Y% .YEY:YT HPHYP.YL[ IYL=[TgCL JgD ZN/ DJ‚YHM}A[L PV/Y /\H .YEY:YL5Y=[TIYOY_ fHN[*8YL.YL<Z.*%fKZN/P}҃CYgTLfMYg.LYª«PV/Yg. .ZB=$Yg4fKF®Yi0Z=QYZP.K\g0LYZNTYLFaH‚F®Yv¥*HV.YEY:YL L¾=z fCT ZN/ DJ‚YHM}A[gCL . $×LK\Œ FXY38Y Z5ZEO NL[gL FZÈJF®Ygv¥LJgD$HZˆn=fHZLVF®EYM[F®YT5ENaEQgTKY,TYg= LY/g=QTf.N.Yp4Y.eFYE.Y•Y Z3L¾E[ $YL.RY fMYQYL HÓJYE\O5[HEDYLgEL=YZ0gCFYgTfQXg8LYZNTYfBg..YEY:YT HYMY *HV,gCLF®gCN,FXY38YF®DYEEC[ Z6MYJf3EYOZHFYNY 3gM$YgPE_.YEY:YL'£L$šgMLF®3³9Y³YT$gEg.JYLYKYE N=Cƒ¾LYH[ fK%.YLgEF®gCgNLEYJFœH Fš¬$H­JYgE5gML *HV $gEg. CZ×gEL .J 9Y³Y $šgM 3gM $YgPE_ .BYT HgM PJYQYL =Y%,XLYLand of Five lakes (Superior, Michigan, ª.YEY:YL9Y³YJYBYTJYgL:Y³Y«*/EInterior heating Pvjy Huron, Ontario, Eerie) *LfCN.YEY:Yg.F4wC.gL_ Q,TYg=N[=Z.4]8YPQE[TQgTg4_*ZF®gMLJY6YJYZ6PJTfBg. HÓH4L F®YT4TJYPN[g=LF®g.YFfHN[BYg.EY=]OYLFYg=L.gT.JYP Aligarh Muslim University, Banasthale Women’s Ges K‡qKUv K‡j‡R cov‡bvi ci Aemi Rxe‡b 3YOHYP F®YT H´ BYg. */YgE F®3]L 5ZJ F®3]L 5M *= University Lake */YgE*gPZ4_$YJYLˆ—[ :YZNF®Y .gM55[HEfBg.$HPLZEgT FdZBH[Lf.YgEYfCgNfE% *HV Gi Rb¨ Mechanized Farming $YJYLPYgB*/YgE%$Yg4EfHN[HTgP*gPZ4HgMfHN[f1YLY1\ZL 'UFExGPME0=*HVFZLJYE0=IYgHIYgMY_ .Lg=FYZLEYEYT0®Y5MF®FY=$g8YTYNQLfF8*MZ0gEL.Yg4 $YZJIYL=HO‚fBg.JY¦.gT.HUPLQT*gPZ4HgMJgEJgE ¬gM.­*HVH[34YRY$YLfHN[Z.4]fC/YQTZE_PHfCgNL%Z.4] fCgNLPYgB=\MEYEY.gLFYZLEY:MYgLZ.4]f.EYLPJTJgE IYgMY *HV Z.4] JwC ZC. BYg. P[ZJ= $ZI™=YT $YJYL .Yg4 JgE IYL=[T J\CƒYL ZQgPH .ZL */YgE CZ×g< CN8Y F®gCN *HV fKHYFYLgMYIYgMYfMg0g4fCN8YFZL‡kYLFZLp4ExHYT\C\OE '£gLZ=Eg8$šMCZ×<IY01EHPZ=FaE‚*/YE.YL$ZD.YVN 5M C\OE N» CaOE .J_ LYˆ¥YT 3MY.YM[E fJY8L0YR[ PYDYLE= †jvKB ewnivMZ, ewnivMZ‡`i msL¨v Ontario cÖ‡`‡kB me‡P‡q QE‚HY5YTEY_QE‚=/E%HY5YTK/E3YMg.LJgEQT$E0YR[L fHN[ HY•YM[L PV/Y C\% HYVMY ZJZMgT  *% F®gCgN PH‚YZD._ 3YM.Z.4]I]M.gLg4 $gE.8Y$YJYgCL$Y,TY5fC,TYLJ=E Ontario’ L LY5DYE[ Toronto *. PJT PJ0® .YEY:YL LY5DYE[ HYFYL _*/YgEJNYJYZ4'.]E4YLfFY.YL'UFY=.J_ZHgCƒYQ[ Z4M_.YEY:YLH=‚JYELY5DYE[Ottawa $Yw8YZL,F®gCgN_Toronto .ZHE5L¾M%PMYgJLªHLF®YB‚EY«.ZH=YLC\g8YMY%EJgEFRg4 NQL*HV=YL$YgNFYgN$gE.M¼F®Z=ÌHY•YM[HYP.gLE_$Y5 ªLYg=gKE.YJRYTEYJY4YRgFY.Y$YLJNYZCgEfKEP%g=EY */YgEEHY0=HY•YM[gCL5E*.8YP}€YE*HVIYgMYHYPYL$YPE QT0YTJYZ4LHPY_« FY=Y$Yg4_fP8Y*.ZCgEQTZEHYQY,TYTQTZE*LfF4gEHÓ g4Y8gCLZN×YHHˆnYIYgMYˆk]gMKY,TYHYD=YJaM.$ZIIYHg.L HY•YM[L $HCYE $Yg4 =XYgCL JgD $gEg.% $Y5 FLgMY.0= /L3Y .J ˆk]gML FZLgHN f/MYD\MY ZHgEYCgEL HHˆnY IYgMY_ =XYgCL$YCN‚$YJYgCLfF®LEY=XYgCL$YN[H‚YC$YJYgCLFYgBT_ NYL[ZL. NYZˆ¥ CYgEL HHˆnY fE% $YJLY f4gMgHMYT *.8Y 4RY kn‡ii gCg/ J\“ QgT .M.Y=YL Toronto Cultural Diversity ÇE=YJKY*/YE.YL4Y¦4Y¦[LY5[HgEfNYgEZE4RY8YfQYgMY P\LZP. $ZIgE=Y ªJ[L« PYgQH 8Lgw8Y N»g. fIg• ªg=YL $v¥« .gLZ4gME*HV=YLPYgBªEY%«fKY0.gLHgMZ4gMEªg=YL$v¥ ªZ9..BYHgMg4EEHE[=YPL.YL EY%«_Totonto kni Ges Zvi Avkcvk wgwj‡q †MvUv `‡kK mve©Rbxb g4gMgCLJYg6JYg6JYLDLCL.YL_« C\0‚YFa5YQT_*/YgEHY•YM[gCLHÓPYVˆkeZ=.F®Z=ÌYE$Yg4HY•YM[ */YgEˆAYˆnFZLgOHYIYgMY_Senior citizen gCL:YŒYLTest, F®HYP[. YHH•[TFZLOC8Lgw8Y.YM[HYR[HYVMYgCN.YEY:YZQwC\ Operation, Treatment PH ZHEY /Lg4 ,O\D FK‚v¥ ZHEYJagM .YM3YLYM fPYPY%Z8 ZQwC\ DJ‚YN®J 8Lgw8Y C\0‚YHYR[ 8Lgw8Y HYVMY $ZD.YVN fMYg.gCL Medical expense *L fHN[L IY08Y :ƒYJY0®¾FPYZQ=3Ø.eZ£HYP8Lgw8YPYVˆkeZ=.PV1 Toronto Insurance Company A_ev Employer ‡`q, Aek¨ GB K_v Calcatta Foundation $E=J*/YE.YLHY•YM[PJYg5L,FL ÇgEIYHgHEEYfK.YEY:YfCNHYP[L5EˆA0‚LY5_*/YE.YLPL.YL 8Lgw8Y NQgLL IYL= fPHYN®J PV1 *HV fHCYv¥ fPYPY%Z8L F®IYH PJˆ¥/L3HQE.gLE*HVEY0ZL.gCLPZ9.CYTH¯=YfE%_18EY KgBË_HY•YM[LPEYL=eZ·CYT.F®YTPHL.J/YHYL*/YgEFY,TY $EL.JPL.YL*%PHFZLgOHYfCTfCNHYP[L,FL$gE.Tax KYT_$YZJToronto Region Gi AšÍM©Z Brampton kn‡i _vwK, 3YZFgT_.BYTHgM.YEY:YHYP[LC\g8YZ5ZEOfBg.FZL¦YEfE%

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 99 Òkx‡Zi gvi, Tax *LIYL«_*/YE.YLFZLgHNNYZv¥FaE‚fMYg.LY e‡j Streetcar, cvZvj †ij‡K e‡j Subway, Bathroom †K HHQYgLICƒZETJYE\H=‚[*HVPJT™YEP}ÒEx_PYJYZ5.FZLgOHY e‡j Washroom.Z.vmZ.4\%VgL5[Ng»LHYEYE*.8]$YMYCY IYgMYf=fGYE.LgMF®gTY5EJ=Police, Fire Brigade GLv‡b American Accent hv British AccentgBg.*.8]ZIEx A_ev Ambulance 3gM $YgP HYR[g=_ $YL IYL=HgO‚L =\MEYT $YHYLZ.4\Ng»LHYEYE*.QgM,'p3YL<$YMYCYfKJEZNZ:'M */YE.YL KY KY /YLYF JgE QgTg4 fPgMY FZLHYgLL PCPgCL Schedule) f.*/YgEHgMªgˆkZ5'M«_ JgD$Y.O‚E.J$Y=~[T=YLH´EZNZBM_4Y¦gCLZN×.gCLF®Z= */YgE ZEH‚Y3gEL HYFL8Y E[LH *HV NYZv¥Fa<‚_ fC,TYM ZM/E *HVf4Y8gCLHRgCLF®Z=N®¯Y.JHTgPHRgCLL¾5EEYJYEY gvB‡Ki DrcvZ †bB, wbe©vP‡bi wbw`©ó Zvwi‡Li cÖvq GK gvm Av‡M */YgEf.YgEYL¾=L$FLYDEY_*.5EZN×.HgMZ4gMEfK4Y¦ fBg.%fIY8CY=YZEg5LP\ZHDY$E\KYT[ZCgEZEZC‚Ë5YT0YTZ0gT ZQgPgHZN×g.LF®QYL*HVZN×.ZQgPgH4Y¦gCLF®QYLf/gTg4E_ fIY8ZCg=FYgLEfIYg8LZCE4\Z8BYg.EY_ $gE.4Y¦ZN×.gCL¬EYJ­DgL:Yg.KY$YJYL$ˆAZˆ¥.LMYg0_ f4gMgJgTLYˆAYHM}A[QgMHYHYJY­LPYgBEYfBg.$YMYCYHYPYF4wC Canada Ges USA*LEY0ZL.gCL'ITfCgNKY=YTYg=L5E .gL5[HEPYB[ZEH‚Y3gEZEg5LY%ZE<‚T.HRgCLIaZJ.YEYJJY¦_ Visa MYg0 EY_ $Y5 C\% 5YJ‚YE[ *. QgT f0M C\% ZIgT=EYJ */YgE ZHHYQ ZHgp4gCL PV/Y fHN[_ $gEg.L .Yg4 “Marriage *. QgT f0M_ $YJLY IYL=[T 'FJQYgCgNL IYL= FYZ.ˆ¥YE is a happy prelude to an otherwise dull drama, that is, HYVMYgCN EY0ZL.LY$YgFYgO*%'FJQYgCgNKY=YTYg=L5E*% married life.” ªZHgCgNHY•YM[P–E«.BY8YPZ=*.8Y.BY Visa- LH´EfBg.J\ŒQg=FYZLEY" ïbZvg Ò‡hLv‡bB evOvjx, †mLv‡bB gv-Kvjx, †mLv‡bB cvVvejx, fP/YgE% CMYCZM_« */YgE CMYCZM ZHgNO fE% HY•YM[gCL JgD J=Yv¥LBY.gM,F®.YgNJEYv¥LfE%fK8].]CMYCZM$Yg4fP8Yg. “Exception proves the law,” ZQgPgH DgL ZJgMZJgN BY.g= FYZL_ªZHgCgNHY•YM[P\wCL«_f.f.YBYTP\wCL*%.BY'9gM% $YJYgCL Pœ[H 3wCƒL ½JE .YZQE[ ªFYMYgJj­L« fP% ZH/Y= 'ZŒ JgE FgR ªHgELY HgE P\wCL ZNÇLY JY=egØYgR« $EHC *% jvB‡bi mv‡_ Avgiv gRv K‡i Av‡iv `y‡Uv jvBb †hvM K‡i ejZvg- Òe‡b¨iv e‡b my›`i, wkïiv gvZ…‡Øv‡o, NUxiv fevbxcy‡i my›`i, ev½vjiv hv`ecy‡i|Ó .YEY:YTZ.4]f×g¦IYL=HgO‚LJ=EJYZP.fH=gELHHˆnYBY.gM, */YgEfHN[LIY0fMYg.LfH=E1w8YZQgPgH_NZELZH4]Z8=YL 5EfH=EFY,TYKYTEYH4gLZCEPg3=E5Y=[T4]Z8_ wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx PvKix mn‡R bv cvIqv †M‡jI Odd Job KgBËFY,TYKYT_fH=E1w8YT:MYgLLJ=EIYgMY3Y.L[L fH=E fHN fHN[ Z5ZEgOL *HV FZLgOHYL CYJ $YJYgCL fCgNL 3Y%g=ˆAYIYZH..YLg<%fHN[fMYg.LY¬3Y­*Lf3gT¬.ZG­fHN[ FYE.gLf4Y8*..YF.ZGLCYJIYL=[TJ\CƒYT8Y.Y*/YgE e¨emvq Aí K‡qKUv cÖwZôv‡bi Monopoly- Wal-Mart, Nofrills, Home Depot, Best Buy, Sears, Target %=YZC_3Y.ZG*HV ˆAYÅYQYgLL5ETim Hortons, Mc Donalds, KFC, Subway %=YZC_Franchise *L/\H3M_FZLHQEHTHÓMBus G DV‡jB 3YL:MYL_$HNfP% ticket *C\­1w8YPGL.LYKYT_ Senior citizen gCLIYRY.JPetrol Zzjbvq m¯Ív, GLv‡b Petrol ‡K e‡j Gas (Gasoline *LPVZ×·LcF)| Motor Car G Seat belt HXYDY $YHN._ f4Y8gCL 0YR[g= ZEgM special seat * HPYg= QgH_ nvmcvZv‡j †Kv‡bv wkïi Rb¥ n‡j evox hvevi Av‡MB wkïi bvg FY.YFYZ.5YZEgTZCg=QgHÇgEZ4*.NJ‚YC}ÒZ=QYPFY=YM4YRYL $Yg0ZNÇF\g¦LEYJEY5YEYgEYTHospital Gi %LUWK&HUWL¿FDWH ZNÇLEYJfM/YZ4M FNU Sharma (FNU gv‡b First Name Unknown)|*/YgELYˆ¥Y1Y8/\HFZLˆkYL_LYg=HLGFRgMfIYL Pvi‡U †_‡K iv¯Ív cwi¯‹vi Kiv nq, iv¯Ívi cv‡ki Foot path †K GLv‡b e‡j Sidewalk, evoxi mvg‡bi Sidewalk * =]OYLFY= QgMfP8YFZLˆkYL.LYLCYZT=zHYR[LJYZMg.L_=YEY.LgMKZC f.YE FB3YL[ HLgG FY ZF4gM $YQ= QT =gH HYR[L JYZM.g. ŽZ=FaLE ZCg= QgH */YgE Lift †K e‡j Elevator, Tram †K

100 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 AvMvgx cÖR‡b¥i R‡b¨

For Up-coming Generation

cÖ_g ce© (1st Part): Basic Idea of - Durga Puja Myth Hinduism Hindu Dharma God & Life

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 101 Durga Puja : Myth, Lore & Rites An Article for My Young Friends

Sumit Roy

Durga Puja, known colloquially as DurgaPujo or sometimes just Puja, literally means “the worship of Durga” . Durga is the name of a goddess (Debee ) in the Hindu religion. Durga is a Sanskrit word which means “she who protects from misfortune”. Durga Puja is a typically Bengali Hindu religious festival, the most popular community festival in West Bengal and wherever there is a sizable Bengali Hindu community. This festival has become so much an integral part RIWKH%HQJDOL+LQGXZD\RIOLIHWKDWZH¿QGZD\VWRFHOHEUDWHLWHYHQKHUHLQWKH86FRQWLQHQWVDZD\IURPRXU KRPHODQGDPLGVWDPDMRULW\FXOWXUHZKLFKLVSROHVDSDUWDQGLQVSLWHRIWKHPDQ\GLI¿FXOWLHVLQORJLVWLFV/LNH most religious events, the Durga Puja festival can be viewed from a diversity of perspectives, such as social, mythological, folkloric, ritualistic and theological. I like to give my young Bengali American friends a quick glimpse RIZKDWWKH¿UVWIRXURIWKHVHDUH,KDYHLQVHUWHGRULJLQDO6DQVNULWZRUGVLQSODFHVLQLWDOLFVXVLQJDSKRQHWLF spelling but indicated its English equivalent as well.

The Social Aspects The social and community aspects of Durga Puja are much like Christmas in this country, with one not-so-major difference. Unlike Christmas, which is primarily a family affair, with the community aspect being deemed secondary, Durga Puja is primarily a community affair with the family playing an important, but smaller role. Although there are instances of Hindu families performing Durga Puja as a private family affair, Durga Puja is mostly a community FHOHEUDWLRQZKHUHDVSHFL¿F'XUJD3XMDIHVWLYDOPD\EHVSRQVRUHGDQG¿QDQFHGE\WKHSHRSOHRIDQHQWLUHYLOODJH or of a neighborhood or perhaps of a city block. This is a remnant from the old rural agrarian days of the Hindu society. The feudal landlord of a village would sponsor and pay for the festival in those days with all the subjects of the landlord joining in the ceremony and possibly contributing in kind. Other aspects of the festival are quite similar to Christmas -- gift giving to loved ones, remembering our service people through special gifts, new clothes, shops and stores set out especially for the holiday season, school vacations, special foods and treats and so on. There is even something equivalent to Christmas carols. These are called agomonee songs, songs that announce the Coming of the Goddess. Agomonee songs would be set to folk melodies and sung by roving folk-singers. Unfortunately they are not much in vogue these days. The custom of sending cards is not that widespread. However, after the Durga Puja festival ends on its fourth day, we have the custom of visiting our elders to give our respects in person, failing which we may send a card.

The Myth: Origin of the Debee The myth associated with the origin of Debee Durga sends us back quite far in time when gods and demons (and humans as well) used to freely roam the newly created universe. For the most part, the gods lived in heaven in reasonable peace and prosperity, whereas the demons used to live on earth or down under, not under the best of circumstances as one may guess. Every once in a while, they would become jealous of the gods, become ambitious, restless and downright nasty. The demons were quite powerful entities in themselves, but in addition they would amass huge armies, harass the gods and on rare occasions, even defeat the gods and throw them out of heaven. Mahishaasur, the buffalo demon (mahish = buffalo, asur = demon) was such a monster, who was born of a demon princess and the curse of a sage turned him later into a buffalo. After battles that lasted one hundred years, he defeated the gods and threw them out of their habitat. The humiliated and angry gods went to the Hindu Trinity (the great Lords Brahma, Bishnu and Shib), related their tales of misery and sought reprisal. This whole affair angered the Trinity and their anger radiated out as pure energy much as a piece of metal becomes UDGLDQWLIKHDWHGVXI¿FLHQWO\7KHUDGLDQFHFRQJHDOHGWRJLYHIRUPWR'HEHH'XUJD7KHJRGVSUHVHQWWRZLWQHVV WKLVPLUDFOHFORWKHGGHFRUDWHGDQGDUPHGKHUZLWKVSHFLDOZHDSRQVDQG¿QHU\+HUOLRQIRUH[DPSOHZDVDJLIW IURP+LPDOD\DWKHNLQJRIDOOPRXQWDLQV7KXVDUPHGDQGDWWLUHGVKHPDUFKHGWR¿JKWDQGGHVWUR\0DKLVKDDVXU She had ten arms so that she could protect herself from attack coming from any of the ten directions -- the four cardinal and the four secondary points of the compass as well as from above or below.

102 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 The Myth: Battling the Demon A battle of celestial magnitude ensued. Millions of charioteers, cavaliers, elephant- borne soldiers and infantrymen (ratha, ashwa, gaja and padaatik -- the four divisions or chatruranga of an Indian army) were destroyed by the Debee. Thousands of soldiers sprang from the angry breath of the Debee and helped her defeat all of the lesser and eventually the top generals of Mahishaasur. Finally, out of desperation, Mahishaasur himself jumped into a GXHOZLWKWKH'HEHHDW¿UVWLQKLVEXIIDORIRUPEXWUHHPHUJLQJPDQ\WLPHVLQRWKHUIRUPVDVZHOOUKLQRERDUOLRQ HOHSKDQWDUPRUHGVROGLHU7KH'HEHHVDZWKURXJKKLVWULFNVHYHU\WLPHDQGLQWKH¿QDOHQJDJHPHQWMXPSHGRQ the back of the buffalo and beheaded him. As Mahishaasur started emerging from the severed neck of the buffalo, WKH'HEHH¿QLVKHGKLPRIIE\GULYLQJKHUVSHDUWKURXJKKLVKHDUW7KLVLVWKHPRPHQWWKDWLVXVXDOO\FDSWXUHGLQWKH image we worship. Peace was restored and the gods, along with Debee Durga went back to the heavens until a later time, when she was called upon to slay other demons.

The Myth: Source & Message These myths about the Debee are collected in a holy book written in Sanskrit and titled Shree Shree Chandee. This scripture, besides embodying some deep religious concepts, also contains some beautiful poetry and is read and recited from as a part of the rituals associated with Durga Puja. Volumes of very learned text have been written on the theological aspects of the myth of the Debee, but I believe that the following simple message can be derived from it. The forces of evil will, once in a while, temporarily overcome the good, the true and the righteous. But there will come a time when the virtuous will unite in their anger and indignation and their combined energy will XSURRWWKHHYLOSHUKDSVDIWHUDORQJEDWWOHUHTXLULQJPDQ\VDFUL¿FHV'HEHH'XUJDLVWKHV\PERORIWKHWRWDOLW\RI the energy and endeavor of the virtuous, directed against all that is evil -- not just in the days of the myth, but at all times, in all places.

The Folklore The myth, no matter how deep or exalted, is too absolute and metaphorical for common people like us to understand and identify within the context of our everyday human experiences. So, over the next several thousands of years following the origin of the myth, folklore started to surround and soften the myth and made it accessible to common people. In the case of Debee Durga, the folk-tale says that she was born Parbati, daughter of Himalay, the king of mountains and his wife Menaka. She was given in marriage to Lord Shib when she left her father’s home in the rich plains and the foothills to live with her husband in the remote Kailas mountains. Lord Shib and Lady Parbatee, a.k.a Durga had four children. 7KH¿UVWLV.DDUWLNZKRULGHVDSHDFRFNDQGLVWKHJHQHUDORIWKHDUPLHVRIWKHJRGV The second is the elephant-headed Ganesh; he rides a mouse and we pray to him for success in our ventures. Their two daughters are Lakshmi (pronounced Lok-khi in Bengali) who sits on a lotus with an owl companion and Saraswati, (pronounced Sarash-shoti) who rides a swan. Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and prosperity and 6DUDVZDWLLVWKHJRGGHVVRIOHDUQLQJDQGWKH¿QHDUWV7KHIRONWDOHVVD\WKDWWKLV3XMDLVUHDOO\PHDQWWRFHOHEUDWH the annual homecoming of the Debee with her children to visit her parents. The worshippers here play dual roles; one is, of course, that of devotees, children of the Celestial Mother. The other is that of the parents of a beloved daughter who is missed ever so much in the home where she was born and raised and whose visit every year is a tremendously joyous occasion.

The Image The traditional image that we worship combines aspects of both the myth and the folklore I described above. On one hand, the image of Debee Durga herself is decked out in royal grandeur as the Queen of the Universe, the Queen of all the kings, with the image capturing her glory in her full regalia at the moment of her victory over the evil demon. On the other, she is also a mother with children who is visiting us mortals with messages of joy, peace and harmony in a familial context. The superimposition of the two views into one image is not so outlandish if you think of the works of the cubist painters like Picasso, et al. This duality of view is the kind of effect they sought to accomplish when they combined different perspectives of a subject, say the front and a side view of the same face, on to one ÀDWFDQYDV2QHSRLQWDERXWWKHIRONORUHLVZRUWKQRWLQJKHUHZKLFKUHÀHFWVDFKDUDFWHULVWLFRI+LQGXLVPLQJHQHUDO DQGWKH%HQJDOL+LQGXVLQSDUWLFXODU7KLVLVWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIRXUFUHDWLYLW\WKDWVRPHKRZ¿QGVZD\VRIWHQ poetical, lyrical and mystical, to blur the boundaries between the sublime and the familiar, the Lord and the loved, the worshipped and the adored. We will hear more about this in the next paragraphs.

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 103 The Rites: General Coming to the rites associated with the Puja ceremony, they are molded to a theme common to almost all Vedic Hindu rituals (The Vedas, in four volumes, is the source book of the Hindu Religion). In this theme, material and spiritual offerings are presented to please the deity being worshipped and blessings towards the material and spiritual prosperity of the worshipper are solicited. Hinduism, at least as it has been practiced over thousands of years, is an anthropomorphic religion, which means that deities are thought of and described as having human forms or attributes. As such, the rites are based on a concept of viewing the deity as a very honored extra-special guest in our household. We invite the deity, make the deity “physically” comfortable, chant hymns in praise of the deity, offer food and gifts and the like -- just as we would do with a respected human guest. Remember how we bridge the sublime to the familiar as I said above! Finally we pray to the deity to bless us and ours. Given this thematic background, let us look a little closer on what actually goes on during the Puja ritual. First and foremost, the place of worship, all the implements of worship and all the worshippers, especially the priest and his helpers need to be impeccable in terms of cleanliness in body and purity in mind. Even to this day, the Hindu priests, formally ordained or not, come from the Brahmin caste -- the caste designated by the scriptures to perform the religious rites and rituals on behalf of the community. In return for this high honor, members of this caste are required to follow a strict regimen of fasting, prescribed diet, ZRUVKLSPHGLWDWLRQDQGVWXG\VXFKWKDWWKH\EHFRPHDQGVWD\SK\VLFDOO\PRUDOO\DQGVSLULWXDOO\¿WIRUSULHVWKRRG 1RWDOOEUDKPLQVIROORZWKHUHJLPHQQRZDGD\VEXWEDFNLQ,QGLDRQHFDQ¿QGSURIHVVLRQDOSULHVWVZKRGRDWWHPSW to maintain the discipline to the best of their abilities.

The Rites: Major Deity The rites of worship of any major deity again follow a basic pattern. First, of course, is the regimen of cleansing DQGSXUL¿FDWLRQ2QWKHGD\RIWKHFHUHPRQ\WKHSULHVWDQGKLVDVVLVWDQWVZLOOKDYHSHUIRUPHGWKHLUSUHVFULEHG routine of daily ablutions, possibly enhanced by special requirements related to the forthcoming ceremony. Water IURPWKHULYHU*DQJHVLVGHHPHGKRO\DQGSXUHDOZD\V7KHLPSOHPHQWVRIZRUVKLSDUHSXUL¿HGE\VSULQNOLQJWKLV holy water. The rites require that, regardless of which major deity is being worshipped, a certain group of deities EHZRUVKLSSHGDQGSUHVHQWHGZLWKRIIHULQJVEHIRUHDQ\VSHFL¿FRIIHULQJVFDQEHPDGH7KHVHGHLWLHVDUHWKH elephant-headed god Ganesh, Surya (the Sungod), Bishnu (the Protector in the Hindu Trinity of Lords Brahma, the Creator, Bishnu and Shib, the Destroyer), Durga herself and Shib, although the list may vary depending upon the major deity and the particular edicts of the religious sect of the worshippers. Following the standard process, each deity is invited, praised by chanting the appropriate hymns, offerings given and blessings sought to make sure that the entire Puja process goes well. Hinduism of the Vedas became pantheistic as it evolved through the centuries and grew by absorbing many of the indigenous pagan rites, which means that the rites embraced worship of many gods and, at least took cognizance of even demons representing the destructive forces of nature. Traces of that will be found when, at the initiation of a puja ceremony, the priest calls upon the evil forces of Nature (spirits, demons, malevolent animals etc.), makes offerings to them and recites chants that mean something like: “please accept these offerings and allow us to go about with the real ceremony in peace” ! Now we are ready to start worshipping the major deity, which again follows a basic pattern. Usually there is a clay image of the major deity, DQGWKH¿UVWRUGHURIEXVLQHVVLVWRLQVWLOOLQWRLWWKHSRZHURIVLJKWDQGOLIHLQRWKHUZRUGVWKHLPDJHLVWHPSRUDULO\ WUDQVIRUPHGLQWRWKHGHLW\7KLVLVIROORZHGE\DIRUPDOLQYLWDWLRQWRWKHGHLW\2IIHULQJVZKLFKPD\FRQVLVWRI¿YH ten, sixteen or eighteen items, the sixteen-item ritual being the most common, are then presented to the deity. A typical sixteen-item offering (shoroashopachaar) will consist of: seat usually made of silver (rajataasan), welcome chants (sbaagata), water to wash feet after a long journey from the heavens to this abode (paadya), a special RIIHULQJ PDGH RI VHOHFWHG ÀRZHUV IUXLWV OHDYHV DQG JUDLQV LQ KRO\ ZDWHU DUJK\D  KRO\ ZDWHU WR ULQVH KDQGV (aachamoneeya), a special drink made by mixing milk, honey, yogurt and sugar (madhuparka), holy water to rinse hands again (punaraachamoneeya), bath paraphernalia (snaaneeya), change of clothes (bason), vanity items VXFKDVMHZHOU\JDUODQGVHWF DDEKRUDQ SHUIXPH JDQGKR ÀRZHUERXTXHWV SXVKSR LQFHQVH GKRRS OLWODPS similar to special candles used in Christian rites (deep), food, both uncooked such as fruits and cooked (noibedya) DQG¿QDOO\DSHUVRQDOSUD\HUDQGREHLVDQFH EDQGRQDD ,QDVHSDUDWHDQGVSHFLDOULWXDO¿YHLWHPV¿YHOLWODPSV SDQFKRSURGHHS FRQFKVKHOO¿OOHGZLWKKRO\ZDWHU VDMROVKDQNKR SLHFHRIODXQGHUHGFORWK GKRXWREDVWUR  ÀRZHUERXTXHW SXVKSRSDOODE DQGVSHFLDOREHLVDQFH SURQLSDDW DUHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHHYHQLQJZLWKPXVLFDQG fanfare. This special ritual is known as aroti. The Rites: Debee Durga Durga Puja, as practiced by Bengali Hindus, is a four-day affair. Hindus follow a lunar calendar and Durga Puja starts on the seventh day (saptamee) in a special fortnight in the Bengali month of aashwin when the moon is in

104 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 its waxing phase. Since the lunar calendar is not well synchronized with the solar calendar now in universal use, the corresponding day in the solar year will vary from year to year, falling somewhere between September and October. Some preparatory work will done on the day before, the sixth day (shasthee) into the fortnight. After some preliminaries on the saptamee day, the ritual proper will start by giving Debee Durga a very elaborate ceremonial bath, followed by the ritual of instilling sight and spirit into the images. This will be followed by formally inviting Debee Durga and her entourage to the place of worship and by the regimen of major deity worship rituals above. 'HSHQGLQJXSRQWKHSDUWLFXODUVHFWRIWKHZRUVKLSSHURUWKHZRUVKLSSLQJFRPPXQLW\DQLPDOVDFUL¿FHVPD\EH involved. This topic is quite controversial and we have neither the space nor the training to engage in any detailed discussion here about that rite. The special ritual of aroti will follow and the deities, our special and revered guests, will be lulled to sleep after that. The next day, which is the eighth day (ashtamee), is considered to be the peak of the entire process, so in addition to the regular rites, all manifestations of Durga, along with other gods are specially invoked and worshipped. Rites on the ninth day (nabami) of the fortnight are specially dedicated to the memory of Lord Raam as he worshipped Debee Durga on the eve of his epic battle with Raabon, the ten-headed demon lord of Sri Lanka, which is the basis of the famous Indian epic Raamaayan. The tenth day (dashamee, or bijayaa dashamee) sees the close of the ceremonies when farewell is bade to Debee Durga and her entourage DQGWKHLPDJHLVLPPHUVHGLQWKH*DQJHVRUWKHQHDUE\ULYHU,KDYHRYHUVLPSOL¿HGWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIDKLJKO\ complex and elaborate set of rituals that has roots thousands of years old and has evolved through many forms as it was passed down from generation to generation and spread over many lands, people and customs. Almost all the hymns, chants and prayers (mantras) are in Sanskrit, an old language, incomprehensible this day to people without painstakingly undergoing special training. The priest and his associates perform the rites on behalf of the worshipping community. Now where do common devotees like us get involved? Usually twice -- once during WKHUHJXODUFHUHPRQ\HDFKGD\ZKHQZHWDNHVRPHÀRZHURIIHULQJDQGWKHSULHVWOHDGVXVLQWRDSUD\HUWRWKH *RGGHVV7KLVULWXDOLVNQRZQDVWKHÀRZHURIIHULQJRUSXVKSDDQMDOLDQMDOLIRUVKRUW7KHRWKHUWLPHLVGXULQJWKH special aroti ritual where we witness and participate in the somewhat colorful ceremony and join the priest in a prayer as well.

The basic theme behind Durga Puja is the same as in any other deity worship. We give Her thanks for all She has provided for us, we offer her the best we have, especially our devotion and seek her blessing for wealth, happiness and freedom. As written in the Chondee scriptures, we say: “roopang dehi, jayang dehi, yasho dehi, dbisho jahi” -- give us beauty, give us victory, give us fame and destroy our enemies !

May Debee Durga protect you against all evils!

“Should even one’s enemy arrive at the doorstep, he should be attended upon with respect. A tree does not withdraw its cooling shade even from the one who has come to cut it.”

ʊ0DKDEKDUDWD

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 105 Goddess Durga slokas & Mantras with Meaning

(Collection)

The word ‘Mantra’ is derived from Sanskrit word “mantrana”, which means advice or suggestion. Man- tras are a method to connect to our innerself by reciting a particular mantra again and again. Chanting mantras continuously symbolically effects the chanter & listener both. The chanting of these mantras & DPSVORNDVGXULQJ1DYUDWULSXMDZLOOGH¿QLWHO\JLYH\RXKHDOWKZHDOWKSURVSHULW\DQGZRXOGKHOSVROYH all your problems. Here we go…

Lets begin with the sacred & most loved Sanskrit verses for the Goddess…

Sarva mangala mangalye shive sarvaartha saadhike Sharanye trayambake Gauri Narayani namosthute

Many of us must be knowing this verse but not the meaning.

Sloka meaning- sarva mangala mangalye – To auspiciousness of all auspiciousness shiva -to the Good sarvarrtha saadhike – to the accomplisher of all objectives sharanye – to the Source of Refuge tryambake – to the mother of the three worlds. Gauri – to the Goddess who is Rays of Light Naaraayani – Exposer of consciousness Namostute- We bow to you again and again. We worship you.

Ya devi sarva bhutesu, shanti rupena sansitha Ya devi sarva bhutesu, shakti rupena sansthita Ya devi sarva bhutesu, matra rupena sansthita Namastasyai, namastasyai, namastasyai, namo namaha!

Sloka meaning7KHJRGGHVVZKRLVRPQLSUHVHQWDVWKHSHUVRQL¿FDWLRQRIXQLYHUVDOPRWKHU The goddess who is omnipresent as the embodiment of power The goddess who is omnipresent as the symbol of peace I bow to her, I bow to her, I bow to her again & again.

Durga Stutti:

Yaa Devi Sarva Bhooteshu Buddhi Roopena Samsthita Namastasyai Namastasyai Namastasyai Namo Namaha

Sloka meaning: OH Goddess (Devi) who resides everywhere in all living beings as intelligence and beauty I salute to you. Take my salutations again and again.

106 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 Namoh devyai mahadevyai shivayai satatam namah Namah prakrutyai bhadraayai niyataah pranataahsma taam Jagdamb Vichitramatra Kim Paripoorna Karunaasti Chenmayi I Aparadha Parampara Param Na Hi Mata Samupekshate Sutam II

O mother of the world Jagdamba, you are the one who looks after her children. Your love and kindness towards me is no surprise O mother goddess. Being a mother you forget all our sins and correct us without abandoning your children.

One of the most sought after mantra for Goddess Chamonda…

AUM AING HRING KLEENG CHAMUNDAYE VICHCHEY AUM

Mantra or sloka for Devi Annapoorna (Goddess Food)

Annapoorne sadapoorne shankarah praanavallabhe Njana vairaagya sidhyardham bhikshaam dehi cha parvati

Om Durge Smritaa Harasi Bheeti Masesha Jantoehoe Swasthai Smritha Mathi Matheeva Shubhaam Dadaasi Daaridrya Dukha Bhaya Haarini Kaa twadanyaa Sarwopakaara Karanaaya saaardra Chthaaha

Sloka or mantra for overcoming problems

Om Sharanaagata Deenaartha paritraana paraayaney Sarwa syarthi harey devi Naraayani Namostutey

Mantra for Shakti

Om Sarwa swarupey sareshey sarwa shakthi samanwithey Bhayebhya Straahinoe Devi Durgey devi namostuthey

Durga Stutti

Yaa Devi Sarva Bhooteshu Vishnu Maayethi Sabdita Namastasyai Namastasyai Namastasyai Namo Namaha

Sloka Meaning: Salutations again and again to the Devi (Goddess) who dwells in all living beings as power and maya of Lord Vishnu.

Mantra for warding off all the evils & mishappenings:

Jayanti Mangala Kali, Bhadrakali Kapalini Durga Kshama Shiva Dhatri Swaha Swadha Namoastute.

!Om Sri Durgaya Namah!!

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 107 Hinduism: Question - Answer

What is Hinduism? Hinduism is the world’s oldest extant religion, with a billion followers, which makes it the world’s third largest religion. Hinduism is a conglomeration of religious, philosophical, and cultural ideas and practices that originated in India, characterized by the belief in reincarnation, one absolute being of multiple manifestations, the law of cause and effect, following the path of righteousness, and the desire for liberation from the cycle of births and deaths.

How is Hinduism unique from other religions? Hinduism cannot be neatly slotted into any particular belief system. Unlike other religions, Hinduism is a way of life, a Dharma, that is, the law that governs all action. It has its own beliefs, traditions, advanced system of ethics, meaningful rituals, philosophy and theology. The religious tradition of Hinduism is solely responsible for the creation of such original concepts and practices as Yoga, Ayurveda, Vastu, Jyotish, Yajna, Puja, Tantra, Vedanta, Karma, etc.

How and when did Hinduism originate? Hinduism has its origins in such remote past that it cannot be traced to any one individual. Some scholars believe that Hinduism must have existed even in circa 10000 B.C. and that the earliest of the Hindu scriptures – The Rig Veda – was composed well before 6500 B.C. The word “Hinduism” is not to be found anywhere in the scriptures, and the term “Hindu” was introduced by foreigners who referred to people living across the River Indus or Sindhu, in the north of India, around which the Vedic religion is believed to have originated.

What are the basic tenets of Hinduism? Hinduism is a conglomerate of diverse beliefs and traditions, in which the prominent themes include: Dharma (ethics and duties) Samsara (rebirth) Karma (right action) Moksha (liberation from the cycle of Samsara) It also believes in truth, honesty, non-violence, celibacy, cleanliness, contentment, prayers, austerity, perseverance, penance, and pious company.

What are the key Hindu scriptures? The basic scriptures of Hinduism, which is collectively referred to as “Shastras”, are essentially a collection of spiritual laws discovered by different saints and sages at different points in its long history. The Two types of sacred writings comprise the Hindu scriptures: “Shruti” (heard) and “Smriti” (memorized). They were passed on from generation to generation orally for centuries before they were written down mostly in the Sanskrit language. The major and most popular Hindu texts include the Bhagavad Gita, the Upanishads, and the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata.

What are the major Hindu deities? Hinduism believes that there is only one supreme Absolute called “Brahman”. However, it does not advocate the worship of any one particular deity. The gods and goddesses of Hinduism amount to thousands or even millions, all representing the many aspects of Brahman. Therefore, this faith is characterized by the multiplicity of deities. The most fundamental of Hindu deities is the Trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva - creator, preserver and destroyer respectively. Hindus also worship spirits, trees, animals and even planets.

Who is a Hindu and how to become one? A Hindu is an individual who accepts and lives by the religious guidance of the Vedic scriptures. While the teachings RIWKH+LQGXWUDGLWLRQGRQRWUHTXLUHWKDW\RXKDYHDUHOLJLRXVDI¿OLDWLRQWR+LQGXLVPLQRUGHUWRUHFHLYHLWVLQQHU teachings, it can be very helpful to formally become a Hindu because it provides one a formal connection to the “world’s oldest continually existing enlightenment tradition.” (Collection)

108 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 An Overview of Hindu Dharma Dr. Sourendra K. Banerjee, Ottawa, Canada

Introduction: The word Dharma is usually translated as religion, the Latin root ‘religo’ means to bind together. It binds the members of a community with a set of convictions regarding the ‘creator’ of beings of the world, what should be their duties, etc. The western religions like Judaism, Christianity (and even Islam) propound that (i) God as the creator is transcendent, (ii) the creator and the created from a duality without a direct link, (iii) God had sent a prophet or prophets who brought His messages as to how people should lead their lives. On the Day of Judgment, they will be judged as to whether they lived by His injunctions and accordingly rewarded or punished after life (in heaven or hell). Islam believes Mohammed was the last one who superseded all previous prophets. The Prophets are regarded as human (Separate from God), however Christianity believes that prophet Jesus was the only exception, being divine himself. Jesus’ human mother Mary immaculately conceived Jesus through the Holy spirit of God the father in Heaven. Thus Jesus was God Himself incarnated in human form. God, Jesus and Holy Spirit constitute ‘Trinity as the united one’. Judaism and Islam do not accept this Christian view. The three religions have their scriptures: Old Testament and Torah for Judaism, New Testament for Christianity and Quran for Islam. They have other supplements.

Hindu Dharma and Hindu Scriptures: In Hinduism, Dharma implies broader and deeper concepts. The root Dhri means to hold or constitute. The quote “Dhriyate Ityahu Sa Eba Dharma” can be paraphrased to mean ‘Dharma is the foundation of all that exists, the foundation relates to physical, biological, ethical, spiritual and all aspects of the beings (whether inanimate, animate or human). It is thus a perennial law for all beings, particularly mankind (Sanatan Manab Dharma). The scope of Hindu Dharma extends from Cosmology to spiritual upliftment. Samkhya WKHRU\RI³JXQDV´DQGWKH6DLYD6KDNWDFRQFHSWVRI1DG VRXQG 6KDNWL HQHUJ\ %LQGX SRLQW .DODJQL ¿UH works of Time) etc. are not incompatible with the ‘Big Bang’ Theory. 8QOLNHRWKHUUHOLJLRQV+LQGXLVPKDVEHHQLQÀXHQFHGRYHUFHQWXULHVE\QXPHURXVVFULSWXUHV$IHZRIWKHPDUH (a) Vedas (Rig, Yaju, Sam and Atharva) [meaning knowledge (Vidya)] contain more than 10,000 verses. It is believed that they appeared as sound, audible only to sages (Risis) who retrieved and recorded them during 1600-800 B.C. (or earlier). (b) Tantras (that which spreads knowledge) also called Agama (came down, Vedas are Nigama) are the dialogues between Shiva and Shakti (manifested forms of Divinity) and recorded by Sages. There are numerous Vaisnava, Shaiva and Shakta Tantras besides Budhist and Jain ones. (c) Vedangas are supplements to Vedas. There are six of them, which are Siksa (mainly phonetics), Vyakaran (Grammar) Chhanda (prosody dealing with syllables, beats of accents, rythmes, etc.), Nirukta (kind of encyclopedia, Jyotish (more like Astrology and some Astronomy) and Kalpa (Vedic rules of socio-spiritual living). (d) Sara Darshan or six systems of philosophy (developed before 600 B.C.E.), along with the Sages to whom they are attributed they are Kanada’sVaisesika, Gautam’sNyaya, Kapila’s Samkhya, Patanjali’sYogasutra, Jaimmini’sPurvaMimamsa and Badarayan’s Uttar Mimamsa (also known as Sharirik Sutra, as well as Vedanta Sutras). The Upanisadic parts of Vedas are also called Vedanta. Sometimes, broadly speaking, Vedanta also means the philosophy of Vedas are also called Vedanta, Uttar Mimamsa and Gita. (e) Smiritisamhitas (complications of traditions) such as Manu’s laws (there are at least 20 smritis). (f) Purans (there are many, main ones are twenty) combine and elaborate on vedic practices, philosophy and some Tantrik rituals. Many of them systematize the ways to perform pujas (e.gSatya Narayan puja is given in Reba Khanda of Skandapuran, and other purans describe Durga Puja, etc.). Early elaborate Yajna is gradually taken over by Pujas which keep Yajna as a part. This was facilitated by Chandi, (the Shakta system’s most important scripture) which is part of Markandeyapuran. (g) Epics like Ramayan and Mahabharata were compiled before Christian Era. (h) Gita is possibly the single most known Hindu scripture. Its philosophy captivates many intellectuals all over. (i) Apart from the above, many “Bhasyas” or expositions and explanations of Hindu scriptures and philosophies exist. They were contributed by the grear philosophers like Samkaracharya, Ramanuj, Abhinavagupta of early days to recent ones like Sri RamkrishaRisiArabinda and others. Thus Hinduism is not a founded religion. It evolved over four thousand years. Actually ‘Hinduism’ is an DUWL¿FLDOQDPH,WZDVYDULRXVO\NQRZQDV6DQDWDQ'KDUDPD9HGLF'KDUPD$UVDRU5LVLPDW%UDKPDQ\D DDV in tall) Dharma. The west Asian invaders used to call the inhabitants of India around Sindhuriver as Hindus. The terminology stayed with the Muslim rulers, later legitimized by the British.

Glance at Hinduism: Vast literature over many centuries and numerous local practices of Hinduism confuse the

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 109 so called ‘scholars’ (especially western ones). They wonder about labeling Hinduism as polytheistic, monotheistic, SDQWKHLVWLF RU PRQLVWLF 0DQ\ ZRXOG VXSHU¿FLDOO\ FULWLFL]H LW DV LGRO ZRUVKLSSLQJ SDJDQLVP %XW D WUXH FULWLF realizes what an ordinary Hindu knows in the heard that “Truth or the ultimate Reality’ is “One without a second” (Rigveda 1.164, ChhandogyaUpanisad 6.2), which Vedas call “Tat” (soft T, soft t) or “That”. Another designation mean Immensity (of matter, mind, idea, etc.). The designation like Sacchidananda (sat chitanada or existence – consciousness-bliss) and names like Brahma (the last a as in father), Visu, maheswar, Shakti, respectively DVFUHDWLYHVXVWDLQLQJGLVVROYLQJEDFNXQWR,WVHOIDQGDFWLYDWLQJDVSHFWVRI%UDKPD Q DUHPHUHTXDOL¿HUVIRU elucidating the abstract concept of Brama(n). Hinduism is beyond “isms”, “names” or numbers’, in which only limit WKHLQ¿QLWXGHRI'LYLQLW\³0DQ\´ GHVLJQDWLRQV VHHPVFORVHUWR³LQ¿QLW\´WKDQ³PRQR´RQH DVLQPRQRWKHLVP LQ human mind.

Hinduism is more of less one homogeneous group though there are three main sects: Vaisnavism, Saivism and 6KDNWLVP7KH¿UVWRQHFRQVLGHUV9LVKQXDV%UDKPD Q 7KH\IROORZSULPDULO\µ%KDNWL0DUJD¶RUWKHSDWKRIORYLQJ devotion. The latter two follow Bhakti mingled with knowledge (Jnan). Saivism regards Siva as Brahman and Siva’s activating aspect is known as Shakti. Shaktism is a sister doctrine of Saivism and regards ‘Shakti’ as Brahma(n). Simplistically Brahama(n) in Saivism is “Siva-Shakti’ and in Shaktism is ‘Shakti-Siva’. Siva is inactive (Nirgun) and Shakti is the Divine Potency (Holy Power). The diverse sects with their manifold philosophical as well as ritualistic practices seem not to divide Hinduism. In a strange way they incorporate these differences and V\QWKHVL]HWKHPLQDFRKHUHQWDQGIXO¿OOLQJZD\$UHOLJLRQV+LQGXFHUHPRQ\ OLNHSXMD PD\DSSHDUWRDQRQ+LQGX as noisy and incoherent. However, an analysis of the steps involved and an examination of the utterances of mantras (holy sounds) establish a profundity. More importantly an ordinary devotee feels a direct encounter with Divine presence and feels wonderfully uplifted.

Basic Ideas of Hinduism: Brahma(n) exists eternally even when the universe does not. Most Hindu schools of thoughts believe in “Sat karyavad’ (doctrine of energy of existence) which is something like ‘the principle of conservation of energy/mass’. It says that any being (object) is an effect of its previous causes and is just a rearrangement of its previous constituent units which are called “gunas” (cf: Fundamental particles). There are three kinds of these gunas: luminously pure (sattva), active (rajah) and lethargic (tamah). All the objects and EHLQJV DQLPDWHRUQRW DUHFRQVWLWXWHGE\HYHUUHYROYLQJLQ¿QLWHQXPEHURIWKHVHJXQDVLQLQGLIIHUHQWSURSRUWLRQV These proportions determine the state of the object. A so called ‘new’ being is merely a reassembling of the units of its previous proportions. Regressing back to the time of or prior to creation all being are mere transformations RIWKH¿UVWFDXVH%UDPD FI&RVPRORJ\VD\VWKDWDOORIXVDUHPDGHRIFRVPLFGXVWUHVXOWLQJIURPWKH%LJ%DQJ  Hinduism believes that the transformation (parinam) takes place in a way which preserves “Divinity” as the essence ZLWKLQHDFKEHLQJKLGGHQ JXKD\LWD DQGXQNQRZQXQGHUQHDWKWKH¿YHURXWHUVKHOOV SDQFKDNRVD 7KHVHVKHOOV are physical (annamay), vital (pranmay), mental (manamay), intellectual (jnanomay) and blissful (Anandamay), and ‘That’ remains in different levels of manifestation in different beings. This doctrine that Brahma(n) as the Being (sat) remains lodged as Atman (soul) in the innermost core (Ananda may kosa) as Bliss (Beatitude) is known as Advaitavad or theory of non-duality.

$SHUVRQ¶V'KDUPDLV¿UVWWRNQRZDQGEHFRPHDZDUHRIKLVKHU³LQWULQVLFUHDOLW\´WKDWWKHERG\LVWKHGZHOOLQJ place of Atman/Brahman. Next, one must aspire to recover and merge in Brahmatva/Divinity. How can one have this union of Jivatma with Brahman, that is, freeing one’s Atman from the bondage of the body and mind? Actually Atman is always free and pure, only the embodied self is ignorant about our true identity. 7KHSDWKVWR0RNVDRU6DOYDWLRQDUHIRXUIROGVHOÀHVVJRRGZRUN 1LVNDPNDUPD NQRZOHGJH -QDQ DEVROXWH devotion (Bhakti) and meditation (Rajayoga). All or any combination (even one) may be followed to remove our ignorance. If unable to accomplish in present life, one will be reborn as many times as needed, that is, to go through the cycle of rebirths (Bhava chakra) depending on previous performances.

In Hinduism, Dharma is said to have four pillars (chatuspada/chaturvarga) which are: (i) pursuit of good living $UWKD  LL IXO¿OOLQJOLIH¶VGHVLUH NDP IRUIDPLO\OLIHDQGKDYLQJFKLOGUHQ LLL IROORZLQJULJKWHRXVOLIH 'KDUPDLQ VSHFL¿FUDWKHUWKDQFRPSRVLWHVHQVH DQG LY DLPLQJIRUVDOYDWLRQ PRNVD 7KH¿UVWWZRDUHNQRZQDVµSUDYULWWL 'KDUPD´ *UDWL¿FDWLRQRIOLIH¶VSOHDVXUHVLQUHJXODWHGPDQQHU DQGWKHODVWWZRDVµ1LYULWWL¶ 5HVWUDLQHG 'KDUPD 7KH¿UVWWKUHHDUHNQRZQDVµ7ULYDUJD¶DQGDOOIRXUFRQVWLWXWHµFKDWXUYDUJD¶

Hinduism prescribes four stages of life: (i) Studentship (Brahmacharya which literally means celibacy) when one should dedicate oneself how to live ‘life’ properly with primary aim of self-development. (ii) The next stage is family life (garhasta), followed by (iii) semi-detached life in a cottage. This stage is called “van prastha” (dwelling in forst).

110 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 (iv) The last stage of life is prescribed to be ‘Sannyas’ when one ought to dedicate himself completely to a spiritual end in the simplest and most austere manner. The Hindu Dharma as a way of life may be summarized as observance of three ‘Da’ (“th” as in that or this): Dam (restraint), Daya (kindness), Dan (charity)(Vrihadaranyak 5.2.3). These days Hinduism is associated with ‘Yoga’. Unfortunately, it is seen as a means of physical improvement instead of its composite “body, mind, spirit” character. Sage Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras talk about Ashtanga yoga or eight steps RI\RJD7KH¿UVWWZRµ\DPD¶ UHVWUDLQW DQGµ1L\DP¶ REVHUYDQFH SUHVFULEHWHQEDVLFUXOHVVSHDNLQJWUXWK VDW\D  teritynon-coveting of other’s property (Asteya), restraining urges (Brahmacharya/celibacy), non – injury (Ahimsa), disowning more than one’s needs (Aparigraha) and contentment (santos), cleanliness (saucha), studying and understanding self (svadhyay), austerity (Tapas), devotion to God (IsvarPranidhan). These ten injunctions are seen as ten Hindu commandments. The other six steps of yoga are: Asan (proper posture), ‘Pranayam’ (proper and extensive breathing), ‘Pratyahar’ (control of the sense organs), ‘Dharan (concentration of mind), ‘Dhyan’ (meditation) and ‘Samadhi (meditative trance when one feels merged with ‘Divinity’ – the Yogic term is “pursusa’). Any discussion about Hinduism will remain incomplete without mentioning OM/Aum/Omkar [equivalently, Shabda Brahma (word as God), NadBrahma (sound as God) or Spanda (Vibrational potency)]. Aum for ‘Ab’ (to protect) and ‘Man’ (mind) protects mind from the the turbulence of thoughts. Concentrating on OM helps one to ascend towards Brahmatva (Chhandagya 1.1.1, 1.1.6, 1.1.8 and Mundaka 2.36). OM also means ‘Granting permission’ LQWKHVHQVHRI³6REHLW´ FI;LDQ$PHQ,VODPLF$PLQ 7KHIRUPOHVVDQGXQTXDOL¿DEOH 1LUJXQD 3DUD%UDKPD consents to emanate as saguna Brahma or Immanent god through inaudible sound/word/vibration as energy of activation and the universe of being starts evolving. The formless and transcendent (Nirguna) Para Brahma consents to emanate as Saguna Brahma or Immanent god through inaudible sound/word/vibration as energy of activation and the universe of beings starts evolving. Meditating on Om- the Mahavija/Great Seed and nearest approximation of Brahma – leads one to Brahmattva. Om Tat Sat/Om is that Reality

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 111 WHO IS GOD Sri Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansadev

God is Love: If you must be mad, be it not for the things of the world. Be mad with the love of God… Many good sayings are to be found in holy books, but merely reading them will not make one religious. One must practice the virtues taught in such books in order to acquire love of God.

God is True Knowledge: ,I\RX¿UVWIRUWLI\\RXUVHOIZLWKWKHWUXHNQRZOHGJHRIWKH8QLYHUVDO6HOIDQGWKHQOLYH in the midst of wealth and worldliness, surely they will in no way affect you. When the divine vision is attained, all appear equal; and there remains no distinction of good and bad, or of high and low… Good and evil cannot bind him who has realized the oneness of Nature and his own self with Brahman.

God is in Your Heart: Because of the screen of Maya (illusion) that shuts off God from human view, one cannot see Him playing in one’s heart. After installing the Deity on the lotus of your heart, you must keep the lamp of remembering God ever burning. While engaged in the affairs of the world, you should constantly turn your gaze inwards and see whether the lamp is burning or not.

God is in All People: God is in all men, but all men are not in God; that is why we suffer.

God is Our Father: As a nurse in a wealthy family brings up her master’s child, loving it as if it were her own, yet knowing well that she has no claim upon it, so you also think that you are but trustee and guardians of your children whose real father is the Lord himself.

*RGLV,Q¿QLWH0DQ\DUHWKHQDPHVRI*RGDQGLQ¿QLWHWKHIRUPVWKURXJKZKLFK+HPD\EHDSSURDFKHG

God is Truth: 8QOHVVRQHDOZD\VVSHDNVWKHWUXWKRQHFDQQRW¿QG*RG:KRLVWKHVRXORIWUXWK2QHPXVWEH very particular about telling the truth. Through truth one can realize God.

God is above all Arguments: ,I\RXGHVLUHWREHSXUHKDYH¿UPIDLWKDQGVORZO\JRRQZLWK\RXUGHYRWLRQDOSUDF tices without wasting your energy in useless scriptural discussions and arguments. Your little brain will otherwise be muddled.

God is Work: Work, apart from devotion or love of God, is helpless and cannot stand alone.

God is the End: To work without attachment is to work without the expectation of reward or fear of any punish- ment in this world or the next. Work so done is a means to the end, and God is the end.

(Collection: Translated by a Hinduism Expert)

112 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Lord Gauranga) Subhamoy Das Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) was one the most prominent Hindu saints of the 16th century. The most re- nowned and celebrated proponents of the Vaishnava School of Bhakti Yoga that centers around the unwavering devotion to Lord Krishna, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, is also regarded as an avatar of Lord Krishna by his followers - a Hindus sect known as Gaudi- ya Vaishnavas.

Birth and Parentage: Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, also known as, Lord Gauranga was born to Pandit Jagannath Misra and Sachi Devi at Nabadwip, on the full moon (lunar eclipsed) evening of February 18, 1486 (23rd day of the month of Falgun in the year 1407 of the Sakabda era). His father was a pious Brahmin immigrant from Sylhet, Bangaldesh, who settled in Nabadwip in the Nadia district of West Bengal north of Kolkata by the holy Ganges, and his mother was the daughter of the scholar Nilambar Chakraborty. He was the tenth child of his parents and was named Viswambar. Before his birth, his mother lost a number of children. So, he was given the name “Nimai” after WKHELWWHU1HHPWUHHDVDSURWHFWLRQDJDLQVWHYLOLQÀXHQFHV7KH neighbors called him “Gaur” or “Gauranga” (Gaur = fair; Anga = body) because of his fair-complexion.

Boyhood and Education: Gouranga studied logic at the school of Vasudev Sarvabhauma, a reputed professor of ‘Nyaya’ - the ancient Indian science of law and logic. The extraordinary intellect of Gauranga attracted the at- tention of Raghunath, author of the famous book on logic - Didheeti. Raghunath thought that he was the most intelligent youth in the world - even more cerebral than his teacher Sarvabhauma.

Gauranga mastered all branches of Sanskrit learning such as grammar, logic, literature, rhetoric, philosophy and theology. He then started a ‘Tol’ or place of learning at the age of 16 - the youngest professor to be in charge of a ‘Tol.’ Gauranga was a kind and compassionate, and a pure and gentle youth. He was a friend of the poor, and lived a very simple life.

Death of Gauranga’s Father and Marriage of Gauranga: While Gauranga was still a student, his father died. Gauranga then married Lakshmi, the daughter of Vallabhacha- rya. He excelled in knowledge and even defeated a reputed scholar of a nearby province. He made a tour of the eastern region of Bengal and received many valuable gifts from pious and generous householders. On his return he heard that his wife had died of snake-bite during his absence. He then married Vishnupriya.

The Turning Point in Gauranga’s Life: In 1509, Gauranga went on a pilgrimage to Gaya, in northern India, with his companions. Here he met Isvar Puri, an ascetic of the order of Madhvacharya, and took him as his guru. A marvellous change came in his life - he became a devotee of Lord Krishna. His pride of scholastics disappeared. He shouted and chanted, “Krishna, Krishna! Hari Bol, Hari Bol!”. He laughed, wept, jumped, and danced in ecstasy, fell on the ground and rolled in the dust, never ate or drank.

Isvar Puri then gave Gauranga the mantra of Lord Krishna. He always remained in a meditative mood, forgetting

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 113 to take food. Tears trickled down his eyes as he chanted again and again, “Lord Krishna, my Father! Where art Thou? I can’t live without Thee. Thou art my sole refuge, my solace. Thou art my real father, friend, and Guru. Reveal Thy form to me ...” Sometimes Gauranga would gaze with vacant eyes, sit in the position of meditation, and concealed his tears from companions. So consumed was his love for Lord Krishna. Gauranga wanted to go to Brindavan, but his companions forcefully took him back to Nabadwip.

Gauranga Becomes an Ascetic or ‘Sannyasin’: The learned and the orthodox began to hate and oppose Gauranga. But he stood adamant resolving to become an ascetic or a ‘Sannyasin.’ He thought within himself: “As I must get salvation for all these proud scholars and orthodox householders, I must become a Sannyasin. They will undoubtedly bow to me when they see me as a 6DQQ\DVLQDQGWKXVWKH\ZLOOEHSXUL¿HGDQGWKHLUKHDUWVZLOOEH¿OOHGZLWKGHYRWLRQ7KHUHLVQRRWKHUZD\RI securing emancipation for them.”

So, at the age of 24, Gauranga was initiated to sainthood by Swami Keshava Bharati under the name of ‘Krishna Chaitanya.’ His mother, the tender-hearted Sachi, was heartbroken. But Chaitanya consoled her in every possible way and carried out her wishes. He bore deep love and reverence for his mother till the end of his life.

Gauranga went on to became a great Vaishnava preacher. He disseminated the doctrines and principles of Vaish- navism far and wide. His companions Nityananda, Sanatan, Rupa, Swarup Damodar, Advaitacharya, Sribas, Haridas, Murari, Gadadhar and others helped Chaitanya in his mission.

Krishna Chaitanya’s Pilgrimages: Chaitanya, along with his friend Nityananda, proceeded towards Orissa. He preached Vaishnavism wherever he went and held ‘Sankirtans’ or religious gatherings. He attracted thousands of people wherever he went. He stayed for some time at Puri and then proceeded to the south of India.

Gauranga visited the Tirupathi hills, Kancheepuram and the famous Srirangam on the banks of the Cauvery. From Srirangam he proceeded to Madurai, Rameswaram and Kanyakumari. He also visited Udipi, Pandharpur and Nasik. Up north, he visited Vrindavan, bathed in the Yamuna, and in several sacred pools, and visited the various shrines for worship. He prayed and danced in ecstasy to his heart’s content. He also visited Nabadwip, his birth- place. At last Gauranga returned to Puri and settled there.

The Last Days of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu: Chaitanya spent his last days in Puri by the Bay of Bengal. Disciples and admirers from Bengal, Vrindavan and various other places came to Puri to pay homage. Gauranga held Kirtans and religious discourses daily.

2QHGD\LQD¿WRIGHYRWLRQDOHFVWDV\KHMXPSHGLQWRWKHZDWHURI%D\RI%HQJDODW3XULLPDJLQLQJWKHVHDWR be the holy river Yamuna. As his body was in an emaciated condition, owing to constant fasts and austerities, it ÀRDWHGRQWKHZDWHUDQGIHOOLQWRWKHQHWRID¿VKHUPDQZKRZDV¿VKLQJDWQLJKW7KH¿VKHUPDQZDVH[WUHPHO\ JODGWKLQNLQJKHFDXJKWDELJ¿VKDQGGUDJJHGWKHQHWWRWKHVKRUHZLWKGLI¿FXOW\+HZDVGLVDSSRLQWHGWR¿QGD KXPDQFRUSVHLQWKHQHW:KHQWKHµFRUSVH¶PDGHDIDLQWVRXQGWKH¿VKHUPDQZDVIULJKWHQHGDQGDEDQGRQHGWKH body. As he was slowly walking along the shore with trembling feet, he met Swaroopa and Ramananda, who were VHDUFKLQJIRUWKHLUPDVWHUIURPVXQVHW6ZDURRSDDVNHGKLPLIKHKDGVHHQ*DXUDQJDDQGWKH¿VKHUPDQQDUUDWHG his story. Then Swaroopa and Ramananda hurried to the place, removed Gauranga from the net and placed him on the ground. When they sang the name of Hari, Gauranga regained his consciousness.

Before he died, Lord Gauranga said, “The chanting of Krishna’s Name is the chief means of attaining Krishna’s feet in the Kali Yuga. Chant the name while sitting, standing, walking, eating, in bed and everywhere, at any time. Gauranga passed away in the year 1534.

Spreading the Gospel of Sri Chaitanya: In the 20th century, the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu were greatly revived and brought to the West by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada . He is considered an incarnate of Sri Chaitanya, and credited for founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness ( ISKCON ) which spread Chaitanya Mahaprabhu’s bhakti tradi- tion and the famous ‘Hare Krishna’ mantra throughout the world.

[Based on the ‘biography of Sri Krishna Chaitanya Manaprabhu’ by Swami Sivananda]

114 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 LAWS OF LIFE Swami Vivekananda

Love Is The Law Of Life:$OOORYHLVH[SDQVLRQDOOVHO¿VKQHVVLVFRQWUDFWLRQ/RYHLVWKHUHIRUHWKHRQO\ODZRIOLIH +HZKRORYHVOLYHVKHZKRLVVHO¿VKLVG\LQJ7KHUHIRUHORYHIRUORYH¶VVDNHEHFDXVHLWLVODZRIOLIHMXVWDV\RX breathe to live.

It’s Your Outlook That Matters: It is our own mental attitude, which makes the world what it is for us. Our thoughts make things beautiful, our thoughts make things ugly. The whole world is in our own minds. Learn to see things in the proper light.

Life is Beautiful: First, believe in this world - that there is meaning behind everything. Everything in the world is good, is holy and beautiful. If you see something evil, think that you do not understand it in the right light. Throw the burden on yourselves!

It’s The Way You Feel: Feel like Christ and you will be a Christ; feel like Buddha and you will be a Buddha. It is feeling that is the life, the strength, the vitality, without which no amount of intellectual activity can reach God.

Set Yourself Free: The moment I have realized God’s sitting in the temple of every human body, the moment I stand in reverence before every human being and see God in him - that moment I am free from bondage, every- thing that binds vanishes, and I am free.

Don’t Play the Blame Game: Condemn none: if you can stretch out a helping hand, do so. If you cannot, fold your hands, bless your brothers, and let them go their own way.

Help Others: If money helps a man to do good to others, it is of some value; but if not, it is simply a mass of evil, and the sooner it is got rid of, the better.

Uphold Your Ideals: Our duty is to encourage everyone in his struggle to live up to his own highest idea, and strive at the same time to make the ideal as near as possible to the Truth.

Listen To Your Soul: You have to grow from the inside out. None can teach you, none can make you spiritual. There is no other teacher but your own soul.

Be Yourself: The greatest religion is to be true to your own nature. Have faith in yourselves!

Nothing Is Impossible: Never think there is anything impossible for the soul. It is the greatest heresy to think so. If there is sin, this is the only sin - to say that you are weak, or others are weak.

You Have The Power: All the powers in the universe are already ours. It is we who have put our hands before our eyes and cry that it is dark.

Learn Everyday: The goal of mankind is knowledge... now this knowledge is inherent in man. No knowledge comes from outside: it is all inside. What we say a man ‘knows’, should, in strict psychological language, be what he ‘discovers’ or ‘unveils’; what man ‘learns’ is really what he discovers by taking the cover off his own soul, which LVDPLQHRILQ¿QLWHNQRZOHGJH

Be Truthful:(YHU\WKLQJFDQEHVDFUL¿FHGIRUWUXWKEXWWUXWKFDQQRWEHVDFUL¿FHGIRUDQ\WKLQJ

Think Different: All differences in this world are of degree, and not of kind, because oneness is the secret of everything. (Collection: Translated by a Hinduism Expert)

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 115 F®Nx'£gLZQwC\DJ‚ dêy `vm¸ßv

(wPb¥qx 2013 msL¨vq cÖKvwk‡Zi ci)  F®PHY%P\/[Qg=3YTf.'%f=Y%gp4.gLC\/fFg=  F®=YQgM*%FdZBH[g=5E~fE,TY$YLJd=]LFL.}€‚GM 3YTEY=H\f.EJYE\O$P\/[QTC\/FYT" fIY0.LY*%Z.Z3L.YM3MgH*Lf.YEfNOfE%" D: cÖ‡Z¨K mgq Avgiv cvc ev cyY¨ hv Kwi Zvi dj  'PH%f=YJYL%p4YL'FLZEI‚L.Lg4_KZC*%5E~ PYDYL<= Pg• Pg• FY% EY .}€‚GM FZLF‰ QgM% =/E $YJLY Jd=]L1aZ<‚FYg.LfBg.'¯YLfFg=3Y,=gH*LfNOQgH$YLKZC GM8Y FY%_ P\=LYV C\/ FYHYL .YLE8Y 0= f.YE, 5gE~L, Qg= '¯YLfFg=EY3Y,=gHfNOQgHEY_*C\ZETYTJYE\O3Mg4ÇD\ FYgL_$Yg0FYFF\<KY.gLZ4=YLGM*/EFYZp4$YL*/EKY ZEg5L%p4YL'FL_ .LZ4=YLGMIZHOg=FYH_*%.YLgE%$YJLYH\6g=FYZLEY  F®$YJYL%p4YJ=PH.LgM%QgH" f.YEFYgFf.YEC\/FYZp4$YL=Y%Z.4\EYH\g6FYF.ZLGgM  'ZEÈT%_=]ZJKZCF®Z=ZCEI0HYgEL.BYIYHfNYE C\/FY%_/YLYFHYFYF.Y5f.YEPJT%KZCEY.ZL=gHC\/.Ë FR =XYL .[£‚E .L PHYL Pg• IYM HHQYL .L .Y'g. C\/ ,$YLFYHEY_(wPb¥qx 2013 msL¨vq cÖKvwk‡Zi ci) EYCY,=gH%=]ZJI0HYgELZCg.*Z0gTKYgH_EYJ5F.LgM  F®$YJLYKZCH\6g=%EYFYZLfKf.YE FYgFLNYZˆ¥Z. PHg3gTfHN['F.YLFYgH_*PHZ./\H%.Z9E" =gHZ..gLZEg5g.PVgNYDE.LH"  F®*%FdZBH[g=HYLHYL5E~ZEgTHÓK\0fHXg3BY.gM% D: †Kvb cv‡ci kvw¯ÍB †Zv my‡Li bq, myZivs me cvc HYC\/Z.gPL" fBg.%KZCZHL=BY.=gH%f=YP\/*HVNYZv¥FYgH_P\=LYVf.YE   'Z3L.YM*/YgEBY.Y$YJYgCL5[HgEL'g§NET=YL FYFfBg.f.YE C\/=YEY5YEgM,HYŽZ=Z." .YL<*%5R50UQMf5M/YEYLJ=_*/YgE$YJLY$YZPNYZˆ¥  F®5YEYLf.YEFB$Yg4Z." fFgTFYFJ\ŒQg=KYg=ZEg5gCLˆnYT[HYR[g=HYHYL.Yg4ZGgL  'NYˆ—FRgMPHZ.4\%5YEg=FYLYKYT_Nƒ[Ju{Y0Hg=PH fKg=FYZL_Z.vm5E~QHYLFgL%*%50g=LJYTYLF®IYgH$YJLY FYgFLNYZˆ¥L%H<‚EY$Yg4_ */YgE$YPYLfP%.YLE8YI\gMKY%_5[HgELC\/.gË$PQ.Ë FY%_KYLY'Z3UFgB3Mg=EYFYgL=YgCLFYgFLfHY6Y$YL,fHgR  F®$gE.PJTIYMJYE\Og.,$gE..ËfFg=fCZ/ KY,TYTfP%GMfIY0YL5E*5[HgELJd=]LFL$YHYL=YgCL *L.JQTf.E" */YgE5E~ZEg=QT_fKfHN[FYF.gL=Yg.MŽHYgLLFÇ D: †h †jvK †Kvb Lvivc KvR Ki‡jv bv, †m †Kvb cv‡ci FY/[.[8F=•0Y4FYMY%=YZCL5E~Jd=]L1aZE‚g=;\.g=QT_ PdZË .LgMY EY =Y% =YL Ea=E f.YE NYZˆ¥FY,TY Q­MEY Z.vmfP fP3ØfNOEYQ,TYFK‚v¥fPJE\O5E~FYTEY_FÇ5E~.=.gËL f.YEF\g<L.Y5,f=Y.LgMYEY_=YLGgM$YDYZ=~.FgB*Z0gT =Yf=YZEÈT5YE*4YRY*%5R50g=LZETJQgMY*/YgEfK KY,TY,QgMYEY_$YJYgCLJE\O5E~FYHYLJaM.YL<I0HYEg. *.HYL5E~fEgH=YLJd=]$ZEHYK‚_P}Òa<‚5R50=,*.ZCE IZŒ*HVfPHY.gLI0HYgELZCg.*Z0gTKY,TY_I0HYgELEYJ DyVPQgTKYT_P\=LYV*/YgEJYE\gOLZ3L.YMfHXg3BY.YLF®Nx% 5F.LgM=XYL.eFYT$Yg0LFYF8Y*.8]PQ5QgTKYT_KYLY=Y $YgPEY_ .gLEY=YgCL.ËfIY0,.gJEY=Y%$YJLYfCZ/IYMJYE\O,.Ë FYT_  F®$YJYLZ.4\F®Nx$Yg4_  'QYHM_  F®*FdZBH[g=Jd=]QgTKYHYLFLfK/YgEKYHfP/YgE Z0gTFa<$5‚E.Lg=FYLHEY"  F®I0HYEf=YIŒf./\HIYMHYgPEIgŒL5EPHZ.4\  'EYf=YJYLFYFHYFag<LGMfIY0.LYL5E=]ZJ Z=ZE.Lg=F®ˆm=_KZC$.YgMf.YEIŒJYLYfKg=BYg.=Yg.Z. fK/YgE KYgH fP/YgE =]ZJ ÇD\ .g}€‚L GM% fIY0 .LgH IYM HY Z=ZEZ.4\PJgTL5EHXYZ3gTZCg=FYgLEEY" JwCf.YE.}€‚GMPdZË.LYL5Ef.YEP\gKY0=]ZJFYgHEY_GM  'I0HYE%gp4.LgMPH%.Lg=FYgLE=XYLEYFYLYL fIY0 fNO QgT f0gM $YHYL *% FdZBH[g= *gP 5E~ ZEg= QgH_ J=Z.4\fE%Z.vm=Y%HgM$E\Z3U.Y5Z=ZE./E%.gLEEY_ .YLE*.JY¦*%FdZBH[fBg.%I0HYgEL.Yg4fFXj4YEP}{H_=Y% Jd=]8Yg=YJYL$YJYL.Yg4C\f/LHYFYLZ.vmPYD\HYI0HYgEL fCH=YLY, fJYŽ FYHYL 5E */YgE *gP 5E~0®®Q< .gLE_ ELg. .Yg4=YET_$YJLYf=Y$YPMHYFYLZ.4\5YZEEY_*JE,Qg= fCgQLKY=EYTI0HYgELEYJ.LYP}{HQTEY$YLˆAg0‚LJ=P\/JT FYgL*%IŒJYLYZ0gT.eÊfMYg.fFXjg4J\ŒQgTKYgp4_=Y4YRY 50g=I0HYgEL.Yg4fFXj4YgEYLJ=IZŒIYHJgE$YgPEY*HV .YL.}€‚GgM./EZ.QgHfPPHfC/YÇEY.LYLCYZT=zHY.Y5 %p4YL'gCƒ.QTEY_ ZHDY=YL$B‚YUHƒÖYL'FLI0HYgEL'FLET_I0HYEKYL'FL fKCYZT=zZCgTg4EfPZ9.J==YL.Y5FYME.gLKYgp4*LJgD $P\LCYEH%=YZCgCL0®QˆAg0‚LJ=HY=YL3Y%g=,$gE.fHN[ .YL¾LQˆ¥gŽF.LYL.BYETHY'Z3UET_ P\/fPjwCK‚*HVF®Y3]gK‚ILY_F®3]LCYEgHLYJQYgCH*HVHƒ‹Yg. .g9YL=FPYLNZŒg=KYHLf3gTg4fP%HLZCg=HYD.gLg4  F® $YJLY PHY% f=Y I0HYgEL Pv¥YE =Y% $YJYgCL Z.vmf.'%I0HYgEL.Yg4fFXj4YEL5EHL3YTZE_$B3fPHL PHY%g.%=XYLPJYEIYgHgˆxQIYMHYPYfCHYL.BY=Y%EY" 3Y%g=HYfFg=f.YEHXYDY%Z4MEY_  'PYDYLE==Y%_

116 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014  F® =YQgM I0HYE =XYL IŒ *HV $IgŒL JgD =GYU .= Z.4\ HMg4E f=YJYL 3YLFYgN Z=ZE LgTg4E Z.vm =]ZJ =YL .gLEf.E" ZCg.ZGgL,=Y.Ygp4YEY_  'f=YJYLF®Nx8YZ9.*L.JETZ.fK$YJYgCLPL.YgLL =]ZJI0HYgELfBg.F®Z=J\Qag=‚$Z=$YHN.[T$gE.Z.4\FYp4 .Yg4$YJLYPHY%%EY0ZL.=gHZ=ZEZ..gL.Y'g.f5gMLYg/E =YL5E.e=™=YˆA[.YLf=Y.gL4%EY'FLvm=XYL$Zˆ¥=zg.% $YL.Y'g.ˆAYD[EIYgHHY%gL1\gLfHRYg=fCE" $ˆA[.YL.LYLf3ËY.L4Z.vm=H\,Z=ZEf=YJYg.PYQYKEY.gL IŒI0HYgEL.Yg4*.Z8f4Yž$H\6ZNÇPv¥YgELJ=_*.Z8ZNÇ fPPH$Z=$YHN.[TZ5ZEPfC,TYfBg.HZš=.Lg4EEY_ fKJEJgE.gLJYgTLf.YgM'9g=FYLgM$YLf.YEITfE%_=Y% f4Yž*.8Y.].]L,KZC=YLZCg.4\g8$YgPfPIgTLf3Yg8.XYCg=  F®$YZJf=YfC/Z4$YZJKYFYZp4=YZEg5.Ë.gLf/Xg8% .XYCg=fCXjgRZ0gTJYg.5ZRgTDgLf.YgM'9g=3YT_=/EJYZ. FYZp4_*FdZBH[g=ZHEYJagMf.'f=YZ.4\ZCgp4EY" =Yg.f.YgMEYZEgTFYgL  'Z9.HgM4*FdZBH[g=ZHEYJagMf.'.Y'g.Z.4\fCT EY_*.JY¦I0HYE4YRY_ g=JZEfKIŒPHPJT%I0HYgELˆ€L<.gLfPZHFgC,=XYg. ˆ€L<.gLZEZÈv¥BYg._=/EHYDQgTI0HYEg.=YLZCg.E5L  F® I0HYE Z. ZCgp4E $YZJ f=Y Z.4\ fC/g= HY H\6g= ZCg=% QT_ ILPY K/E .gL $Yg4 =/E f=Y =Yg. LŽY .Lg=% FYLZ4EY QgH_fKIŒETfPZHFgCLPJTI0HYgELEYJ.gLJgEF®Yg<  'fKf.YE.Yg5L5E*.8YNZŒLF®gTY5EQT*.8Y I0HYEg.:Yg.EYZEg5%K\¯.gLZ5=g=FYLgHfIgHZEZÈv¥ FY=Y,ZEg5LfBg.EgREY_HY=YPEYfFgM$YJLY.gT.ZJZE8, BYg._*.Yv¥PYQYgKLF®gTY5EQgM$E.Y'g.:Yg.Z.vmI0HYE fHXg3BY.g=FYZLEYPagK‚L$YgMY$YL'£YFEYfFgM$´.YgL .Y'g.PYQYK.LgHEHgMILPYHYZHNYP=YLJgEBYg.EY_=Y% 5gJ JYLY fK=YJ_ HdZË EY QgM =eÊYT *HV /YgCL $IYgH JYLY fPPJTI0HYgEL.BY=YLJgE,$YgPEY_*%$HˆnYTI0HYgEL, fK=YJ_ÇD\*%5Y0Z=.50g=%$0ZE=HƒÖY¨LgTg4_$YJYgCL =YLF®Z=f.YECYZT=zBYg.EY_f=YJYg.K/Ef.'EYJDgL:Yg. PaK‚ 3wCƒ FdZBH[ =YLY 0®Q %=YZCLY ZHEY PV1gO‚ ZEZC‚ËIYgH =/E%=]ZJ=YLZCg.=Y.Y,=Y%EY" 1\gL=YgCL.Y5.gLKYgp4_HƒÖYg¨LPH‚¦ZCELYZ¦Qgp4HY=YP ./E,fNOQgp4EYHY‡Ò'FgL'9g4fJ1Qgp4=Yg=9Y¨YQY,TY  F®ˆAYJ[ˆ—[HYPv¥YEJYLYf0gMf.'f.'I[OE.Y=L fMg0HdZËQgp4%=YZCHÓZ.4\Qgp4_*%fKZ3Lv¥EPH.Y5QgT QgTFgR*HVI0HYEZHgCƒYQ[QgTKYT=YLJYEZP.*HVNYZLL[. KYgp4f.*gCLNZŒgKY0Ygp4E".YLZEgC‚gO*LY.Y5.gLKYgp4" $HˆnYI[O</YLYFQgTKYT_*L.JJYE\gOLJgELNYZv¥L5EZ. $YJYgCLfHXg3BY.YL5E*PHZ5ZEPZHEYJagM$G]Lv¥FZLJYg< HgMPYv¥EYfC,TYfKg=FYgL" f.$YJYgCLZCgp4EI0HYEZCgp4E_  '$YJYgCL5[HE8YQMf8ƒEKY¦YLJ=_$YJLYK/Ef8ƒgE .gLf.YBY,KY%$E*.KY¦[KYg.f.YEZCEfCZ/ZEZ3ZEEY $YL =]ZJ I0HYEg. ZHNYP .L4EY HgM Z=ZE Z. *PH $EgCL =YLPg•,F®3]LH´]=zQgTKYT*HVC\5gELP•C\5gEL%/\HIYM ZCgp4E$YLf=YJYg.fC,TYH´.gLg4E" MYg0_Z.vmK/E=YLfEgJKYHYLPJTQT=/EC\5E%$YMYCYQg= gIgHfC/=]ZJfKf.YE/YHYL%/Yp4=YQ5JQHYLFLPYLFCYB‚ .ËFYTZ.vm$ZEp4YPg=z,=Yg.fEgJfKg=QT*HVZ.4\Ž<JE MYMLVQgTf=YJYLLgŒLPg•ZJgNKYgp4_K/E1\ZJgTFR4=/E /YLYFMYg0_F®g=g.L%5[HgELZHgp4C8Y,Z9.fP%L.gJL_KYL Z.=]ZJf/TYM.gLKYg=fHXg3BY.=YL5EJgE.gLNYPZEp4" K/EfKfËNgEfEgJfKg=QgH=/E=Yf.'fLYD.Lg=FYgLEY_ ZEÈT%ET=gH*IYgHF®Z=Z8J\Qag=‚f.f=YJYg.HXYZ3gTLY/g4E" P\=LYV*HYFYgLJE/YLYF.gLf.YEMYIfE%_$YJYgCL5[HgE *%PJˆ¥.Yg5L5Ef=YJYg.HY.'g.%ZHMFY9gp4EZ=ZE"=XYL KY%1g8fPgMYPH%$YJYgCLZEg5gCL.g}€‚LGMZQPYgH%QT_ ZHL¾g¯.BYHMYL$Yg0f=YJYLF®Z==XYLfˆxQIYMHYPYLFZLJY<8Y *% ZHgp4gCL JgD I0HYgEL f.YE QY= fE% =H\, ZHEY .YLg< *.HYLfJgFfC/YLf3ËY.L$YLf.f=YJYg.*=8YIYMHYgPfP% KZCI0HYEg.fCYOfC,TYQT=Yg=ZEg5LMYIf=YZ.4\QT%EY F®Y<[g./X\g5HYL.LYLf3ËY.L_5Y0Z=.ZETgJLZQPYgH$YJLY HLV$.YLg<ZEgC‚YO[g.fCYOfCHYLGgMFYF.LYQT_*%FYgFL 5E~ZEgTZ4HgM*.ZCE$YJYgCLJd=]QgH%$YL=/E=Yf.'H´ 5E $YHYL C\/ FY,EY QT_ $YJLY PHY% 5YZE fK *% FdZBH[g= .Lg=FYLgHEY_ 5E~gEgH*.ZCE=YLJd=]QgH%$YL*,5YZEfK$E.YL¾L  F®:YŒYLLYf=YJYE\gOLfLY0PYZLgTHXYZ3gT,=]Mg4 .YLg<HY$E.YL¾L.J‚GgML5E$YZJI\0Z4EY_P\=LYV.Y'g.  'KZCPZ=%HXYZ3gT=]Mg=FYLg=E=gHf.YEJYE\O% fCYOfCHYLf.YE.YL<%fE%_KYLYJd=]L5EI0HYEg.fCYOfCT f.YEPJgTJYLYfKg=YEY_./E,HXYZ3gT=]Mg4E./E,FYLg4E =YgCLfHY6Yg=f0gM=YLY$FLYD5ZE=.BYHY=‚YHMgHP}{H= EY_KZC:YŒYgLL%p4YZQPYgH%JYE\OHXY3g=Y=gHK/EfLY0[JYLY PYv¥EYÇEg=HYH\6g=3Y%gHEY_P\=LYV*%PJgT*gCLPYQYK KYgp4=/EZ.:YŒYL=Yg.HXY3Yg=3YEZE":YŒYLZ.=/EfLY0[g. .LYLf.YE'FYTfE%_*LYf.YEF®Nx.LgMH\g6PYHDYgEÇD\'£L JYLg=f3gTg4E" ZCg=FYL*Lf3gTfHN[Z.4\.LYLfE%_ */EZ.f=YJYLJgEQgp4fKf.YE*.5gELZEg§‚NEYT*%PH  F®$YJYL.gT.8YF®Nx$Yg4_ .Y5gMYP\ÌIYgHQgT3gMg4.YL¾LNZŒL°YLYPH.Y5P}ÒEx  'HM_ Qgp4"  F®JYE\OI0HYEg.fC/g=FYTEYÇEg=FYTEYf.YE  F®*/Ef=YJYLZ.JgEQgp4I0HYEHgMf.'$Yg4E" $E\IH,'FMZ¯.gLEY=XYL$Zˆ¥g=zLf.YEQZCN%FYTEY=gH  'QYZEÈT%$Yg4E_*IYgH$YZJf.YEZCEIYZHZE fPZ..gLZHNYP.LgHfKI0HYEHgMZ.4\$Yg4E $E\IH,.ZLZE_Z.IYgH$YZJI0HYEg.$YJYL.e=™=Y5YEYg= D: Zzwg hLb †Kvb GKUv Kv‡R Lye e¨¯Í _vK ZLb †Zvgvi FYZL"*.8]HMgHE"CTY.gL$YJYg.PYQYK.LgHE" JEfPZHOgT%:\gHBYg._=/Ef=YJYg.:Y.gMHY%NYLY.LgM  F®QYHM\E$YJLYPHY%5YEg=3Y%_ =]ZJ Z. =Y ÇEg= FY, HY %NYLY fC/g= FY," FY,EY_ P\=LYV  ' I0HYE FYZB‚H DEP}ÒZ£ Z.4\ 3YE EY_ $YR}AL .gL I0HYgEL%NYLYfC/YHY.BYfNYEYL5Eg=YJYg.,f3Y/.YEJE Z=ZEFa5Y,3YEEY_Z=ZEÇD\3YE$YJLY=XYg.IYMgHgP*.8]ˆ€L< =XYLZCg.LY/g=QgH=gH%EYf=YJYL=XYLPg•fKY0YgKY0QgH .ZLIZŒNƒ¯Y.ZL_$YL=XYL.Yg4ZGgLKY%*%C\/JT50U f=YJYLP}Òa<‚JEZCgT=]ZJ5Y0Z=.ZHOgTHˆ¥I0HYEf=YJYg. =Y0.gL=XYL50g=Z0gTP\g/BYZ._

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 117 gKJEZCgT=]ZJHY%gLL50g=LZCg.Hˆ¥QgTPJTHT.L4fP% Qg=Y_K™.Lg=C[1‚PJTHTQg=Y_HÓ$B‚HT.gLfNOJ\Qag=‚, =E~T=YZCgTF®Z=ZCEKZCPYJYE=JPJTI0HYgEL.BYZ3v¥Y.gL KZCf.YEI\MHY$ZETJQg=Y$BHY$Ç3[Qg=Y=gHF\gLYK™EË =XYLPg•fKY0YgKY0.LYLf3ËY.L=XYLH%FREYJ5F.L=gH QgTfKg=Yf.YEGM%fF=EY_ =]ZJfC/gH=XYLfBg..=%Z•=*HV.BYÇEg=FYgH$gE.PJT $YJYgCLPJgTL$IYHHgM$YJLYKZCQYg=.Y5.gLJgEHYJ\g/ f5YgL,.BYÇEg=FYgH_ZHgNOL.gJL$YEwC'FgIY0.LgHKY 9Y.]gLLEYJ5F.ZL=Yg=,Fa<‚.Y5QgH_*L3Y%g=$YLPQ5Z. fHY6YgEY .Z9E_ PH 5[gHL H\g.L JgD ¬FLJY=~Y­ 3=]Ia‚5 ZHÊ]L Qg=FYgL=Y%HMYKYTfK*K\g0I0HYEg.FY,TYPHf3gTPQ5_ JaZ£‚g=$HˆnYE.Lg4E$YJLY=XYg.ZHgH.HgM,5YZE_K/E=]ZJ  F®¬JQYJv—­8YP}Òa<‚HMgHE" f.YE$EYT.Y5.Lg=KY,fKJEDL.YL¾LHYR[g=f04fPYGYL  ' 5F ÇL¾ .LYL PJT F®Z= LY'¨ ÇL¾ .LYL $Yg0 'FL*.8Y:MYgLLfEY8FgR$Yg4$YgNFYgNf.'fE%_=]ZJ Fš=£zg.ˆ€L<.gLªI5Nƒ[.eÊh3=EF®I\ZE=YEwCNƒ[$i°= IYH4*8Y=]gMZEgMf.'5YEg=FYLgHEY_Pg•Pg•ZI=LfBg. 0CYDLN ƒ[HYP$YZCf0jRIŒHdwCª*%8].]HgM=YLFLJQYJv— f.'HMg4ª*%.Y58Y¬3]ZL­QgHg.'fC/g=EYfFgM,I0HYE fC/g=FYgHEP\=LYVZ=ZEf=YJYg.NYZˆ¥fCgHE_«*%IYgHPH ÇL¾.Lg=QTªQgL.eÊQgL.eÊ.eÊ.eÊQgLQgL PJTFLJY=~Y$YJYgCLPUFgB3YMEY.Lg=3YEZ.vmfHN[LIY0  QgLLYJQgLLYJLYJLYJQgLQgL« PJgTJYE\OfP.BY0®YQ.gLEY_KZCF®Z=Z8JYE\OZHgHg.L.BY ÇgE3Mg=Y=gH*FdZBH[8YˆA0‚QgTfKg=Y_ Nƒ[i3=E LYDYLYE[LJEZEgTNƒ[.egÊL$YZHI‚YH  F®=gHI0HYEKZC=XYLF®Z=$YJYgCL$Y.O‚<IYMHYPY F®IaZE=YEwC HMLYJ BZ¨vw` evovevi Rb¨ GKUz `k©b w`‡Zb, GKUz K_v ej‡Zb Z‡e Nƒ[$i°= JQYZHÊ\ $YJYgCL FgŽ =XYL ZCg. *Z0gT KY,TY $YL, P\ZHDY5E. Qg=Y 0CYDL Nƒ[.egÊL$v¥L•NZŒ PQ5Qg=Y_ Nƒ[HYP EYLCJ\ZE  '=]ZJKZC.YL¾LPg•.BYHMg=3Y,=gH=Yg.f:g. g=YJYL5YEg=QgHfK=]ZJ=Yg.:Y.4_KZCPZ=f=YJYL=YLPg• iHÊgHLYF®Z=ZCE.JFgŽLY'¨5F.gLEK=fHN[.LYKYgH .BYHMYLF®gTY5EBYg.=gH=]ZJKZC*.HYgL=YLCdZË$Y.O‚< ==%MYI_$YJYgCLJEf.YEPJT%3]F.gLBYg.EYP\=LYV$E .Lg=EYFYLK=Ž<fPEYÇEg4HYfC/g4=]ZJ:Y.YH´.gLY $F®gTY5E[T.BYEYHgMPH.Yg5LPg•I0HYgELP}Ò.‚K\Œ.gL EYf3ËY.gLKY,*.PJTf=YÇEg=FYgH%_ .Y5.LgMPYDEYFa<‚QgH_ I\gMgK,EYfK=]ZJf5gML.gTC[_K/Ef.YEfMY.$FLYD.gL  F®I0HYEg.fKY0.gL.Y5.LYLHYFYL8Y*.8]ZHˆ¥YZL= f5gMKYT=/EfPZEg5g.fNYDLYHYL5ENYZˆ¥fIY0.gL=YL IYgHHMgHE" P\ZHDYJ=HY%p4Y$ZEp4YLZQPYHJ=PHZETJ.YE\EfP/YgEHYEYE  'fKJEDL3Y.]L[.Lg=KYHYL5EP.YgMZH4YEYfBg. QTEY_fPKZCf5M/YEYT$YLf.YE$EYT.Y5EY.gL=gHZEZ§‚Ë '9g=%gp4.Lg4EY=H\,'9g=QgH_=/EJgEIYHfKJYHYHY PJgT K/E NYZˆ¥ FY,TY fNO QT =/E =Yg. f5gML fBg. J\ZŒ ˆ—[ Pv¥YE PHY%g. ILEgFYOE .LYL CYZT=z I0HYE $YJYL 'FL fC,TYQT_ ZCgTg4EP\=LYV$YJYLfPCYZT=zFa<‚.gLI0HYEg.PvmË.Lg= $YJLYPHY%f5M/YEYT$B‚YU5R50g='FZˆn=_=Y%$YJYgCL QgH_=Y%*Ž]ZE$YZJ.Yg5KYHYL5Eh=L[QH_.Yg5KYHYL$Yg0 fHMYg=,Z9.fP%L.J%QgH_Z.vmC\f/L.BY*%fK$YJLYf5M ˆxYE .L4_ Z3v¥Y .L fK $YJYL *% NL[gLL JgD I0HYE .egÊL /YEYLNYZˆ¥f=YFYZp4Z.vm$YL,$EYT.Y5.gLFYF.LYLfBg. $VNFLJY=~YHYP.Lg4EP\=LYV*%NL[L8YI0HYgELJZwCL=Y% ZHL=QZp4EY_$YJLYf5M/YEYfBg.fHLQHYL5Ef.YEf3ËY% *g.FZL‡kYLLY/YL5EˆxYE.LZ4_*LFL/YHYLh=L[.L4.YL< .LZ4EY$YL=Y%'FLfBg.$YJYgCLg.f.YEPYQYK.LYLf.YE KYHYL$Yg0f/gTfKg=QgH_EYf/gMNL[L$P\ˆnQgTKYgHNL[L F®Nx%$YgPEY_ P\ˆnLY/g=QgH.YLENL[L4YRYI0HYgELfPHYPYDEY.LYKYT EY_*PgHL5E=]ZJ$YMYCYf.YEPJTHYT.L4EYf.YE$B‚ $YJLY$YPgMZ4MYJNƒ[.egÊLPg•=YL50g=Z.vmZHgNOf.YE HT.L4EY$YMYCYZ.4]%.L4EYFZLN®J,.Lg=Qgp4EY_ÇD\ $EYT.Y5.LYLGgM*%f5M/YEYT$B‚YU5R50g=*gPZ4 f=YJYLZ3v¥YDYLY8YHCgMZCg=QgH_*L.JIYgHKZCPHPJTPH */E$YJLYPHY%.gTC[_ .Y5.Lg=FYL=gH=]ZJI0HYEg.FYgHZEZÈ=*LJgDf.YE  F® PHY% HgM H=‚JYE K\g0 $B‚YU .ZM K\g0 I0HYEg. I\MHYPgwCQfE%_ FY,TYI[O<.Z9E.YL<$YJYgCL5[HEHˆ¥=Y$YLPJPYT55‚ZL=  F®I0HYgELEYJ5gFLNZŒLf.YE'CYQL<ZCg=FYgLE I0HYgEJEHPYgEY%J\ZˆkM_.BY8YZ.PZ=" Z."  '$Yg0LK\g0NYZv¥fHN[Z4MPJPY.JZ4M*.BY '5YEZEÈTfKL=xY.LCP\JYE\OfJgL=YgCLfBg.FY,TYDE PZ=_ $YJYgCL K\g0 PYDEY .LY .Z9E HgM ˆATV I0HYE Nƒ[.eÊ ZCgT=YLPVPYL3YMY=*%IYgHfP*=FYF.gLZ4MfK=YLJ\g/ Nƒ[i3=EJQYF®I\QgT*%K\g0$YJYgCLPQ5PYDEYLFBfC/YHYL ¬LYJ­EYJ'p3YL<Qg=YEY_=/E*.ZCEEYLCJ\ZE=Yg.HMgME 5EEH°[gF$YZHIa‚=QgTZ4gME_Z=ZEI0HYEg.FYHYL$Z=PQ5 ª=]ZJ*L.JFYF.L4f.E"«=/EL=xY.LHMMª*DEZCgT FBfCZ/gTHgMf0g4EQYg=JYMYZEgT¬QgL.eÊ­JQYJv—5F.L $YZJJYHYHY*HVˆ—[g.IL<fFYO<.ZLP\=LYV*%FYF*L$VN =YQgM%I0HYEg.FYgH_*JE$gE.JYE\O$Yg4KYLYQYg=PJK =YLY,fEgH$YJYLf=Y*.Y%H%g=QgHEY«EYLCJ\ZE=/E=Yg. fFgMI0HYgELEYJ5F.gLEYZ.vmfP%PJTZ..LgHfIgHFYT fHY6YgMEfKªg=YJYL.e=.g}€‚LGMf=YJYg.%H%g=QgHg=YJYL EY_=/EPJTHYT.LYL5E5Y0Z=.$YEwCf/XYg5I0HYgEL .J‚GMf.'ZEg=FYLgHEY$EIYgHfLY50YL.LKYg=FYgFL .BYHMg=f0gMÇEg=3YTEY_*DLgELfMY.fKK\g0%BY.].=YL PdZËEYQT_«=/EL=xY.LCP\EYLCJ\ZEL$YgCgNªJLYJLY«HgM FgŽI0HYEg.FY,TY./E%PQ5QgHEY_ 5F.Lg=MY0MKYLGgM¬LYJ­EYgJL'p3YL<QM_$YL*%IYgH I0HYEg.FYHYL5E$EK\g0LHHˆnY/\HPQ5Z4MEY_P=K\g0 QY5YLH4L5F.LYLFgLZ=ZEHYM~[Z.J\ZEEYgJ/Y=QgME_ C[1‚.YMDYE.gLI0HYEg.fF=_f¦=YK\g0K™.gL'g§NPYDE =XYLPYLYNL[gL'X%fFY.Y1L.gLZ4M'X%fFY.YL$YL*.EYJ

118 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 ¬HYM~[.­*%.YLgE=XYLEYJQTHYM~[Z.J\ZE_FgL*%HYM~[Z.J\ZE  ' *L.J QHYL .YLE QM KYL $Yg0L 5gE~ PYDEY F®YT LYJYTEZMg/Z4gME_EYJ5gFLNZŒg=CP\L=xY.LKZCHYM~[Z.J\ZE P}Òa<‚.LY$Yg4*5gE~=YLHYZ.PYJYE8].]PYDEY.LYLFgL% Qg=FYgLE=gH$YJLYI0HYgELEYJ5F.LgMI0HYEg.FYHEY Z=ZEI0HYEg.fFgTKYgHE$YLKYLf.YEPYDEY%.LYfE%=Yg. f.E"ZEÈT%FYH_ ÇL¾ fBg. fNO FK‚v¥ */ZE .Lg= QgH I0HYEg. FYHYL 5gE_ fKJE*.8YFYg¦5MZCgT$YgEHPY,_5M8YG]g8,9YL*.  F® $gEg. IZŒ IgL PYDEY .­gL $Å PJgTL JgD% J\Qa=‚$Yg0FY¦8Y$YEfBg.PZLgTfLg/CY,_*HYL$YL*.8Y I0HYEg. fFgT KYT $YHYL $gEg. PYLY 5[HE /\H% IZŒ .gL FYg¦5MZCgTC\g8YFY¦%$YgEHPY,fC/gHE=]E5M8Y*.8] fPHY.gLZ.vm$=fPHY.gL,I0HYgELf.YEPYRYFYTEY*L.J 0LJQHYL$Yg0%$EFYg¦L5MG]8g=ÇL¾.gLg4_$B‚YUP}Òa<‚ QTf.E" PYDEYKYLK/EfNOQgH=/E%fPI0HYEg.FYHYL'FK\ŒQgH_

“When one’s mind dwells on the objects of Senses, fondness for them grows on him, from fondness comes desire, from desire anger. Anger leads to bewilderment, bewilderment to loss of memory of true Self, and by that intelligence is destroyed, and with the destruction of intelligence he perishes.”

ʊLord Krishna (Srimad Bhagavad Gita)

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 119 AvMvgx cÖR‡b¥i R‡b¨

For Up-coming Generation

Z°=[TFH‚Z°=[TFH‚(2nd PartPart)): : f4Y8gCLFa5YIYHEYf4Y8gCLFa5YIYHEY Kids’Kids’ ThoughtsThoughts

120 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 Monidipa Nath Age:13, Grade:9

Mother Goddess, Durga

What is Durga Puja? Durga Puja is a very important Hindu celebration which symbolizes the triumph of good over evil. The main Goddess in this celebration is called “Durga Maa” which is Sanskrit for “Mother Goddess”. Her unique powers KHOSUHPRYHWKHHYLOYLFHVOLNHDQJHUJUHHGDQGVHO¿VKGHVLUHV+RZHYHUWKLVIHVWLYDOLVPDLQO\DERXW'XUJD 0DD¶VYLFWRU\LQNLOOLQJWKHHYLOGHPRQ0DKLVKDVXUD'XUJD3XMDXVXDOO\ODVWVIRU¿YHGD\VKRZHYHULWFDQDOVR ODVWXSWRQLQHGD\VVSHFL¿FDOO\LQ,QGLDDQG:HVW%HQJDO7KHIHVWLYDOLV¿UVWVWDUWHGZLWKEHDXWLIXOO\GUHVVHG statues installed in temples all over the city. Next, the statues are paraded around the streets surrounded by loud music and thunderous dancing. Finally, they are soaked in water and the devotees are served tons of delicious YHJHWDULDQIRRGDQGVZHHWV7KHHYHQWLWVHOILVYHU\VRFLDO¿OOHGZLWKGUDPDGDQFHDQGVLQJLQJ7KDWVRXQGV amazing, right? I sure hope that one day there will be a Durga Puja street parade like that in Canada. Don’t you? Durga Maa: 7KHQDPH³'XUJD0DD´HVVHQWLDOO\PHDQV³RQHZKRLVGLI¿FXOWWRDSSURDFK´LQ6DQVNULW+RZHYHU6KHDOVR symbolizes the three divine forces, otherwise known as divine shakti which protects Her devotees from negative forces and evil powers. Durga Maa has ten hands which holds several weapons that symbolize her teachings. The empty hand is for forgiveness and Blessings. The weapon’s names are Chakra, Conch, Sword, Bow and Arrow, Lotus Flower, Club, Ax, Shield, and Trident.(etc.) To depict Mother Durga’s power, she is portrayed as riding on a lion and is shown wearing a red sari to signify that she is destroying evil and protecting mankind with passion. “Durga Maa” has two daughters who are called Lakshmi and Saraswati and two sons named Kartika and Ganesha. History behind Durga Maa and Durga Puja: Legend has it that one day there came a demon so great and so ferocious, none of the male Gods could kill it or turn it into a good person. The Gods went to the three supreme powers of the Universe (Brahma, Bishnu, and Shiva) and pleaded for help punishing the demon. The three supreme Gods took into account of the suffering of innocent people in the universe and promised to make a change. Soon after that, Brahma, Bishnu, and Shiva combined their superior powers, resulting in the creation of Durga Maa. Durga Maa’s feminine, superior power instantly killed the demon Mahishasura. The origin of Durga Puja dates back to as far as the 16th century A.D. Some people believe that the festival was started by the landlords of Malda and Dinajpur in the State of Bengal. Others believe that Bhabananda Mazumdar of Nadiya or Raja Kangshanarayan of Taherpur begun the tradition. Since then, the festival has blossomed, and is now celebrated around the globe, attracting lots of tourists from far and wide. And the great thing is, Durga Puja is an annual celebration meaning that we can see this marvelous event every year.

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 121 Deepyaman Bhowmik Grade 2

Tarpan

Mahalaya is a fortunate event, seven days before Durga puja. Mahalaya makes the end of “Pitripaksha” and beginning of “DeviPaksha”. On that day people offer Tarpan in the memory of their ancestors, specially departed parents and grandparents. “Tarpan” means offer water or Gangajol. People offer teel mixed with water in pray to soul of their ancestors goes to haven. People do fasting from morning as they Tarpan on that day.

Rupkatha Das This the day oddes Durgs starts her journey from Mount Kailash with her children. Grade 2

122 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 &XOWXUDOVLJQL¿FDQWRI'XUJDSXMD

Our biggest religious festival is `Durga puja` type cultural programme focus us how to practice modern culture and in the same time follow Hindu traditions and values. Through these cultural programmes we show the best of our Bengali culture in its own style. The goal of these programmes is to bring awareness of Bengali culture among our generation.

Shoptodeep Purkayastha Grade 3

Niloy Roy Grade: 4

Maa Durga - Ma Durga’s Family.

Maa Durga is our famous god. She has two sons and two daughters. Two sons name are Ganesh and Kartik. Two daughters name are Lakshmi and Saraswati. Maa Durga husband’s name is Lord Shiva. Lakshmi god for money and Saraswati is for education. Maa Durga’s husband is honest and kind. Kartik is very handsome and smart. Ganesh is a very powerful god. Utsob Saha Grade: 4

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 123 Shouvik Samadder Gread 5

Maa Durga and family

Lord Ganesh, the god of unity and success is the elder son of Maa Durga and Lord Shiva. Ganesh has four arms. Maa Laxmi is the elder daughter of Maa Durga. She is goddess of wealth. Maa Saraswati and Kartik is the younder daughter and son of Maa Durga. Saraswati is goddess of knowledge and .DUWLNLVDJRGRI¿JKWLQJ Maa Durga has ten hands with weapons. She killed Mahisasura.

Avik Dutta Grade 5

124 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 Sasti, Saptami, Astami, Navami Dashami

Durga Puja is not only a religious ritual but through this festival, our arts, crafts, culture, our traditional heritage, our social values and custom, our hospitality are expressed in different spheres of life and living. Those are WKH¿YHGD\VWKDWFHOHEUDWH'XUJDSXMDDVIROORZV

Sasti - This is the day when goddess Durga come down to earth in her divine form. Her face is shown before the main rituals brgains, The bits of the drum (dhaak) are made as people here the Maa Durgas arrival to earth. Ankita Roy *UDGH 6DSWDPL7KLVLVWKHYHU\¿UVWGD\RI'XUJDSXMD2QWKLVGD\EHIRUHWKH sun rises a banana tree is washed with holy water and dressed is a sari to look like new bride (Kola Bou). Then Kola Bou sits beside the other idols so priest can pray for her welfare and health. Kola Bou is often placed on the idol of Ganesh’s right side. Vermilion (Shindoor) is smeared on the banana trees leaves. Nine plants are also to symbolised the nine forms of Maa Durga.

Ashtami or the eighth day was the day when the demon was killed by the goddess and hence plays a very important part in the entire festival. A special Puja known as ‘Sandhi Puja’ happened with 108 prodip (light) are lit and dhak (drums beat) continuously played on that moments.

On Navami, aartis are held everywhere warship the goddess.

Finally comes the last day or tenth day is called Bijoya Dashmi, when it is time for Durga to go back to her husband, Lord Shiva, on Mount Kailash. A VLJQL¿FDQFHIDUHZHOOE\WKHODGLHVZLWKYHUPLOLRQSDQDQGVZHHWV3HRSOH carry the goddes through the street while the chant “Asche bachor, abar hobe”. After the immersion of thye goddess, people visits their family and friends with sweets to show best whishes and respect. This is called “Bijoya Dashami”.

Mahisasura (Buffalo Demon)

Mahisasura is the king of demon. Mahisasura means greatly powerful demaon. He fought with Maa Durga, but in the end he lost. After WKH ¿JKW KH GLHG +H KDV JUHDW VWUHQJWK DQG FRXUDJH :KLOH ¿JKW 0DKLVDVXUDKLGHDVEXIIDORZKHQKH¿JKWZLWK'XUJD+HLVZDUVKLS along with Maa Durga. Aungkan Dutta Grade 6

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 125 Sudipta Samadder (Shreya) Gread 8

The weapons of Maa Durga

Maa Durga is the goddess of power and strength. She have ten powerful weapons which she holds in her ten hands. In the hands on her right side she holds a scythe, a disc, a club, a knife and a spear which she used to kill the bull demon. In her hands on the left side she holds a lightening bolt, a shell, a bow and arrows, a snake and a shield. All her weapons work together in harmony to make Maa Durga the perfect killer and protector. Rajosree Paul Tuly Grade 8

126 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 Days of the Durga puja

Durga puja is the festival of the goddess Devi Durga who was created by the pure strength and powers of the other deities. There are 6 days in which WKHUHDUHSXMDV7KH¿UVWGD\LV0DKDOD\DWKHVHFRQGGD\LV6KDVKWLWKHWKLUG GD\LV6DSWDPLWKHIRUWK$VWKDPLWKH¿IWKLV1RYDPLWKHVL[WKLV'DVKDPL According to Puranas, King Suratha, used to worship the goddess Durga in spring and so Durga Puja was also known as Basanti Puja. But Rama proponed the Puja and worshiped Durga in autumn and that are why it known as ‘Akal Bodhon’ or untimely worship. Here in Canada we celebrate during the autumn when Rama hurriedly did the puja to go and kill the King Ravan. But in Bangladesh they perform the Puja twice the Basanti puja and again when Rama performed the puja.

Mahalaya Mahalaya happens 7 days before Shasti. It is to invite The Goddess Durga. On this day people offer prayers to their dead relatives and forefathers. This is done Sulov Deb through the chanting of mantras and singing devotional songs. Gread 8 Shasti Shasti, the sixth day of the moon when Goddess Durga is welcomed with much enthusiasm and display

Shaptami 6DSWDPLIHDWXUHVWKH¿UVWGD\RI'XUJDSXMDFRPPHQFHPHQWRIULWXDOVSUHGDZQ bathing of ‘Kola Bow’.

Asthami the most important day of Durga Puja which celebrates Durga’s victory over Mahishasur and all the devotees recite the mantras and offer pushpanjali WR'HYL'XUJDDQGSUD\IRUKHUEOHVVLQJVZLWKULWXDOVRIDQLPDOVDFUL¿FHVWKRXJK animals are now substituted with ‘chalkumro’ (a type of pumpkin), cucumber and banana.

Navami Last day of Durga Puja Navami is when the commencement of ‘Sandhi Puja’. Goddess Durga is offered Bhog Proshad which is later distributed among the devotees. “Sandhi puja” ( 108 ‘Dip’ lighted ) End moment of Ashtami and the beginning of Navami is the time for Sandhi Puja. At this time Devi Durga transformed into Devi Camunda to kill “Chando” and “Mundo”, the two generals of Mahishasura.

Dashami Dashami is the day when Goddess Durga accompanied with her children sets for Kailash, her husband’s abode. Bengalis sadly immerse the clay idol of Durga in the sacred Ganges bidding her goodbye and earnestly wait to see her again the next year. “Sindur Khela” is a major event of Dashami. Married women apply vermilion to each other and greet each other with sweets. It is in the evening when Goddess Durga is immersed Bengalis greet each other with bijoya greetings and men follow the customary ‘Kolakuli’ (embrace each other). Durga Puja is a festival, Bengalis celebrate without religious inhibitions. It is more of a socio- cultural celebration that tends to renew kinship with friends and relatives.

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 127 Shreyasi Mandal Grade 8

Why do we celebrate Durga Pooja?

Hindu’s celebrate Durga Pooja because it is the victory of Ma Durga over the demons which signify’s the victory of our inner goods over the lower impulses like greed. Also we fast, to live a pure disciplined life. It can also help us spiritually by progressing and help maintain our inner purity. We VSHFL¿FDOO\IDVWIRUGD\V7KLVLVEHFDXVHLW¶OOLQFUHDVHRXUZLOOSRZHUDQG VWUHQJWK,QWKHQLJKWVRI1DYUDWULVWKH¿UVWWKUHHGD\VDUHWRGHGLFDWHG to mother Durga as shakti herself is life giving through health and strength. The next three days are dedicated to mother Laxmi as provider of riches for once we have strength we need the material wealth. The last three days Monami Saha are dedicated to mother Saraswati as the provider of wisdom to use the Grade 10 VWUHQJWKDQGWKHZHDOWKZLVHO\IRUEHQH¿WRIDOO

128 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 BCSHCS: Trip to Different Temples

On August 24th, 2014 we (BCSHCS) went on a school trip to three different hindu temples, one being and “ISKON” and also having a half an hour tour around the Queen’s Park and the Legislative Assembly of Ontario (L.A.O).

 7KH ¿UVW WHPSOH ZH ZHQW WR ZDV LQ %UDPSWRQ 2QWDULR7KH QDPH ZDV “Hindu Sabha Temple”. The priest was very understanding and taught us about their temple. Just like our temple, they had a kitchen and a banquet hall area too. I liked the structure of the temple very much, considering that it took a long time to make. The main god in that temple was Maa Durga.

The second temple we went to was called “Hindu Heritage Centre”. I really enjoyed the aesthetics of the temple. The view of the temple from a far, really struck me. Thinking about how much effort was put into the construction of the WHPSOHIURPWRSWRERWWRP,DOVRUHDOO\OLNHGWKHGHFRUDWLRQRIWKHÀRZHUVIRUWKH Ohm sign. The interior was very well made and all the statues had their names written underneath which i thought was very unique. The statues in order of left Sufal Deb to right while facing them was: Laxaman Ji, Hanuman Ji, Ram Ji, Sita Ji, Ganesh Grade 9 Ji, Narayan Ji, Laxmi Ji, Durga Mata, Shiv Ji, Gauri Ji, Ganesh Ji (bigger version), Krishna Ji, Radha Ji. And to the left of all these gods is a large shrine for Hanuman Ji and to the right was a Saraswati Ji Shrine. This was also the temple we ate at for lunch.

The next place we arrived at was not a temple or Mandir but instead was the Legislative Assembly of Ontario (L.A.O), located west of Queen’s Park. We had a great opportunity to receive a 30 minute tour. And during our 20 minute wait we had scavenger hunt which we could not do. Due to the restriction of staying on the steps. During the tour we got to see many historical artifacts such as the Golden Mace. Overall the tour was a memorable part of my day.

Finally the last but not least temple we visited was the “Hare Krishna ISKON”. The ISKON is located near Bloor Street, Downtown Toronto. This was the only temple that I visited before. The Iskon just like its name; indicates it is only about Lord Krishna and his partner Radha. This Mandir did not have a grand structure like others for the building was a church before. This Mandir gave the BSCHCS books. Two in total; a vegetarian cook book and a Question and Answer book. There were also more available if you were interested.

 7R¿QLVKRIIWKHJUHDWGD\ZHKDGGLQQHU 3UDVDG DWWKH,VNRQDQGWKHQ headed back to the our Mandir. In revision of the day while writing this i realized how much this trip had taught me. I would like to thank Gurujee and the BCHM for the wonderful trip and I hope to have an experience like this again.

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 129 IZŒ NZŒ AvZ¥v Rxe‡`n kvwšÍ

130 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 IZŒ P\IYOFYM

,X=UPU_ *HV$Y=~Y,$5‚E.Lg=FYgLZE_ZHÊ]F\LYgELIŒDƒ¾H*HVIŒ IaZJ.Y$Z3v¥$HYŒ,ZE‚EHƒÖ'FYPEYTJEZˆnL.LY.Z9E F®Q YgCLZHÊ]$YLYDEY*HVNƒ[Nƒ[h3=E3ZL=YJdg=LIŒQZLCYgPL Q,TYT PEY=E DgJ‚ ØJYvAgT PE HƒÖ 'FYPEYL F®3ME ÇL¾ QT 'FYPEYg.IZŒLF®.e=LcFDLYQT_$B‚YUIZŒQgp4I0HYgEL KYQYg=IZŒLF®.YN1g8_PYDYLE.BYTHgMªIZŒJYgEZHNYP«_ F®Z= *.ZEÌ ZHNYP KY N= HXYDY ZHFZ£ fJYQ IT Jd=] IT  HY *%ZHNYP%hHZC.DgJ‚LFLH=‚[g=F®YDYEMYI.gLØgJØgJ $E*JEf.YEZ.4\%EY%KYfBg.ZH3]=.Lg=FYgL_Nƒ[$i°= JYE\O JE PaK‚ LcCƒ ZHÊ] ZNHY *HV $YL, $gE. fCHgCH[g. F®I\.ZMK\g0LJYEgHLC\/C\C‚NYMY1gHLZEZJg£P\C[1‚H4L HƒÖfIgH=XYgCLg.FLgJNgLLHYFLJY=~YL*.*.Z8LcFfIgH HTPFK‚v¥IZŒIgL.Y=L ZEˆAYB‚ F®YB‚EY.gLI0HYENƒ[.eÊg. =YQYg=ZHNYPˆnYFE.gL'FYPEY.LYÇL¾.gLKYQYIZŒJ\M. J=DYgJNƒ[i3=EJQYF®IaLcgF$H=LE.LYgT=XYLJ\g/%QZLEYJ 'FYPEYZQPYgHZ3ZÕ=QgTg4_%QY%IZŒJY0‚KYQYFLH=‚[g=F®Z=JY ZHMYgT .ZML FYF[ =YF[gCL '¯YgLL 'FYT .gLE_ =Y% $i°= Fa5YTF®HZ=‚=QgT'QYEYEYNY/YF®NY/YTZHIŒQgTFa<‚$HTH F®I\g. IŒ $H=YL HMY QT_ $YL ªIZŒg= I0HYE« .BYL Z=ZE F®Y·QgTg4_*%IZŒJY0‚fHC*HV'FZEOCfBg.%HZQ0‚=QgTg4 F®JYE.gLg4E_ KYL F®H=‚. NZ³M )ZO 50C[P 3wCƒ f1YgOL Nƒ[Ju{0H= 0[=YL IZŒLF®.YLgICFYC~.gÅLPdZËLF®BJJYEH$H=YL.ZFMgCH IaZJ.Y _ =XYLJYfCHYÓZ=g.fKIZŒZHIY0HE‚EY.gLg4E=YZEJLcF_NYˆ— *% IZŒ JYg0‚L F®H=‚gEL GgM PEY=E DJ‚ NYˆ— PJagQL EYEYLcF Jg=IZŒZ=EF®.YLKBYPYZ£z.LY5P,=YJPIZŒ Nƒ[Ju{Y0H= FZLH=‚EPYZD=QgT$gE.E=]EHYHˆnYL,F®H=‚EQgTg4KYLGgM T.Å _*%Z=EF®.YLIZŒLPV™YZEg3'gMÐZ/=QM_ NƒYg¯JYVPYZCLHYHQYL*HVPEYPYNƒJ%=YZCL[Z=.ZMg=ZEZO¯ Nƒ[QZLLF®[Z==gLfK.gLIZŒ_ QgTg4_ =Y% &NL F®C£ PEY=E DgJ‚L L[Z= K\g0 K\g0 &NgLL% =YQY%PYZ£z.IZŒÇEÇEP=[__ $H=YgLLZEgC‚gNFZLHZ=‚=QgTK\0gFYgKY0[QgTg4_I0HYENƒ[.eÊ +NK‚.YJEY.ZLIZŒfK%.gL_ Nƒ[Ju{0H=0[=YL°YCN$DYgTLfNÐYg.fNƒÌIgŒLIZŒL gP%IZŒLY5PIZŒ5YZE,$v¥gL__ 'gMÐ/.gLg4E_fNƒÌIZŒg=$HN%.J‚GMHZ5‚=ZQVPYHZ5‚= ZQVPYC}{IgLIZŒ.gLfK%5E_ PH‚Iag=ZJ¦IYHYFExP\g/C\f/PCYPvmZË*HVJEPH‚CYI0HYgE gP%IZŒ=YJPIZŒQT$E\Ž<__ EYˆ¥BY.gHZ.vm.=‚H.gJ‚PCYZˆnLBY.gH_=Y%GM.YJEY=Y0 ZE‚EIZŒ.YJ[QTfK%5E_ .gLPH‚CY&NLZEgC‚N..gJ‚EYˆ¥BY.Y%IZŒg='FYPEYH\6YT_ J\ZŒ=gLMYMYZT=EgQ=YLJE__ DJ‚LY5K\ZDZÌgLLJg=ZHC\LQgp4EP–EI0HC IŒ*HVZHC\gLL Z.4\EYZQ.YJ=YLPVPYLJY6YL_ ÔCgT0CYDLPH‚CY$ZDZÌ=fBg.FYF[gCL$FZH¦.LY=[B‚PJaQ g.HM$YJYLfPHY.gLfP%PYL__ FZH¦.gLg4E_ Nƒ[Ju{Y0H= _PUHYZŒgCLPYgBZJZM= *%IZŒgKYg05[HFYTFZL¦Y<_ QgMI0HYENƒ[QZLg=Nƒ¯Y*HVfF®JIZŒ'UFEx QgTIZŒEHdZ¯ HƒÖFCMYI.gLfP%JQYF®YE__ FYT Nƒ[Ju{Y0H= _ NYˆ—Jg=Z¦Z=~.YIZŒZCgTZ¦=~.GMMYIQTZ.vm &NLˆALcFIŒ=XYL$ZDÌYE_ J\ZŒMYIYgB‚ZE‚EIZŒg=%&NL'FYPEY.Lg=QT_ IgŒLÔCgT.egÊLP==ZHNƒYJ__ Nƒ[Nƒ[h3=E3ZL=YJd=JFZLgp4C _ 'FZL'gMÐZ/=IZŒ4YRY,$YL,C\%F®.YLIZŒPJYg5MŽ.LY KYTKYQgMY$´IZŒ,ZHFL[=IZŒ_$´IZŒQgMYf.YEHZŒL I0HYEg. fPH *HV ZEg5g. fPH. JgE .gL &NL PYDEY .J‚% J=HYCg. f.YE Z.4\ ZH3YL ZHgNÐOE EY .gL PLYPZL 0®QE .LY_ IZŒ*HVKXYLY&NgLLˆALcFHƒgÖLPYgBPYK\5 M[EQ,TY .YJEY *gŽg¦GMYGM+HYZŒLJ=HYC$E\KYT[%QT_$YLZHFL[=IZŒ .gL'FYPEY.gLE=XYgCL'FYPEYg.™YEJY0‚HgM Nƒ[Nƒ[h3=E Qgp4NYgˆ—KY$Yg4=YL'gÃY8Y.LY_ZHFL[=IZŒL'CYQYLEQgMY 3ZL=YJd=TFZLgp4C _ .VgPLNƒ[.egÊLF®Z=ZHLcF$Y3LE_.VPZHFL[=IZŒg=%'¯YL MYI.gLE.YLEI0HYENƒ[.eÊ%.VPg.ZHFL[=IZŒZCgT%FdZB HƒÖYF‚EVHƒÖQZHHƒ‚ÖYg0xjHƒÖEYÓ=J _ H[g=FY9YgTZ4gME_=Y%Z=ZEZEg5.VPg.'¯YL.gLE_ HƒiÖHf=E0v¥HVHƒÖ.J‚PJYZDEY__ Nƒ[Ju{Y0H=0[=Y g.YE NYgˆ—Y™ HYZŒL $Y3LE $E\PLgE f.' $´IZŒg= 'FYPEY .gLKgBYŒGMMYI.gLE_Z.vm+HYZŒKZCZE5%4Yg=NYgˆ—YŒ $BYUPH‚ZHOgTHƒÖgIgH'FYPEY.LY™YE[IgŒLIZŒ*HV*% ZETJYHM[HY'FYPEYF¯Z=FZLH=‚E.gL'FˆnYFE.gLEfPgŽg¦ ™YE[IŒHƒÖ=z%F®Y·QE_ªHƒÖZHCHiÖHIHZ=«_f.EEYZ=ZE =YL F®Z= $´IZŒ fLg/ f.' 'FYPEY .LgM %ZˆÒ= GM FY,TY .J‚™YE,IZŒLPJvAgT%HƒÖ'FYPEY.gLE_ P}{HZ.EY=Y*%P.M$´IŒLY5YgEE ZHgNO.gLZNZŽ=$´ IŒLY _H=‚JYgEZQwC\PJYg5*%F®.YL$´IZŒ%$ZD.YVNfŽg¦ E=BYfJZF®T=J$Y=~gKYZEE‚N”L_ $E\.LEQgp4*HV=YCƒ¾=ZHˆ¥YLMYI.Lg4ZHOgTE[g3HY/Y E3P”O‚gEYENƒ[hE‚HY=~Y3KBYIHYE __ .LYQgMY_ Nƒ[Ju{Y0H= PEY=HDgJ‚Fa5YTZ.4\PYDYLE$HNFYME[TZETJ$Yg4KYP.M *gŽg¦I0HYENƒ[.eÊ'¯Hg.HgMg4EfKPHZ.4\fBg.IZŒ% Fa5YLfŽg¦FƒgKY5_fKf.YEZHgNOFa5YL$Yg0Fa5g.LZE= fNƒTPYDEKY'¯H.gLg4E_=Y%'¯gLLIZŒFgBLPYDEYL5E $ZÕ. *HV F®YBZJ. Fa5Y .gL ZEg= QT_ %ZˆÒ= fCH=YL Fa5YL Nƒ[.egÊL ZF®T=J QgTZ4gME fK ˆnYE HƒÖY JQYgCH P”O‚E M‹[ FagH‚FšgCH=YLFa5Y.gLZEg=QTKYP.MZQwC\%5YgE_$YHYL

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 131 PHYL$Yg00gENFa5Y.Lg=QT_*%ZETJ8YP.MZQwC\%5YgE_ fPIYgH%IZŒ$1‚F®CYE.gL_Z.vmFa5.KZC$YMYCY18HPYgT =Y%0gENPQ4TfCH=YLFa5Y%ZˆÒ=fCH=YLFa5YL$Yg0%.Lg= =Yg= Fa5Y EY .gLE =gH fP Fa5Yg= IZŒL HY=T QgTg4 HgM QT_fP5E%Fa5YPYJ0®[F®ˆm=.YL[IZŒIgLf5gEHYEYf5gE*.8Y NYˆ—™YEP}ÒExIŒDgLZEg=FYgLE_$YLKZC,DaFC[FiEgHC FYg¦PY=8YhEgHCPY5YgTfCE_*%.Y58].]f.YEZ.4\EYH\g6 0´,F\g‡ÒLPYgBZJZNƒ=.gLfC,TYKYTEY $P}{H =H\,f.YE .LgM,PZ£z.$´IZŒ_ f.YEFa5.g.Jv—HgM ZEg5Lh=L[Jv—QTg=Y =Y*.PVg0CYE .Lg=fC/YKYT_f.YEFa5.KZCC\0‚YF\5Yg=ZJZEg8MY%EJv— 0gENšC[gENšHZÕVZHÊ]VZNHVZNHYJ _ fKJEª*g=0´F\g‡ÒD\FC[FhEgHCZC,X0V0gENYTEJ« PVFa5PVKg=YQg0®3=g=Y$ZIËVFa5gTU__ HgM0gENFa5YPJYFE.gLE*HV*.%IYgH.Y£[‚.MŽ~[*HV HƒÖhHH=‚FaLYE PLˆA=[Fa5Y.gLE=YQgM=YIZŒK\ŒFa5YZQPYgH0®Q<[TQgHZ.EY $E\HYC0gEN PaK‚ $Z0x ZHÊ] ZNH *HV ZNHY NZŒ  *% 4T =YFY9.LY%H\g6ZEgHE_$YHYLf.YEf.YEFa5YTfC/YKYTfK fCH=YL ØJ $E\PYgL Fa5Y .gL FgL $ZIÌgCH=YL Fa5Y .Lg= $œM[LG]M*.HYLZEgTZ=EHYLJv—FgRf.YEfCH=Yg.$œM[ QT_%QYNYˆ—[TZETJ_*/YgE0gENF\LYg

132 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 '£L$YgJZL.YLJZwCLPJagQP.MZH0®gQLPQ$HˆnYgELHYHˆnY FZL=Y0.gLfPfMY.FY=.[QT*HVNYgˆ—=Yg.E0xHgM_f.YE .LYQgTg4_=Y4YRY*..ZH0®gQLJZwCL,$Yg4_fKJE.YZMJZwCL HYZŒLE0x=YF®.YNQgMfPPH‚gŽg¦PHZ.4\QYLYT_*%E0x=Y MŽ~[EYLYTEJZwCLLYDYg0YZHwCJZwCLC\0‚YJZwCL%=YZC_*gŽg¦ fJYQ fBg. QT_ $YL fJYQ Qgp4 I0HYE ZHÊ]L JYTYT $Yp4Ex QgT P.MZH0®gQLJZwCL$YZ•EY$HN%ZELYZJOF®PYCK\ŒQgH=gH% $DJ‚g. DJ‚ HgM 0®QE .LY HY F®3YL .LY KYL GM H\Z¯EYN *HV %QYg.PYZ£z.IZŒL'FYPEYMTHMYKYgH_Z.vmIYL=HgO‚Lf.YE FZLEYgJPH‚EYN1g8_*%JYTYLF®.YgNPHZ.4\%ZHFL[=JgEQT ejx wewkó Kvwj gw›`‡ii D`vnib †U‡b hw` GB mKj weMÖ‡ni gw›`i *%ZHFL[=HK\ZŒ=.‚%0®QE[TQT_H=‚JYgEZHNHYF[*%ZHFL[= F®FZZ8‚g= $YMYCYIYgHQgM, %QYLHY=T1g8=gH$YLKY%fQY. ZØTY.J‚%fHN[LIY0DJ‚[TZØTY.gJ‚F®YDYEFYgp4_ZHÊ]F\LYgEL=e PYZ£z.IZŒL'FYPEYLˆnYEQ,TY8YPYH‚5E[EIYgHˆA[.e=QTEY_ =[T$VgNLP·J$DYgTLHE‚EY$E\KYT[*.8Y18EY*/YgE'gMÐ/ Fa5Yg=Fa5.$gELQgTPV.Å.gLFa5Y.LgM,ZHgTg=.g

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 133 EYL[NZŒ cvwcqv `vk¸ß

Party -L DLE H\g6 mevB ej‡Zv Zzwg †g‡q †Zvgvi Im‡ei cÖ‡qvRb †bB‡Kv evcy I eis †hgb †cvkvK fJMYfBg.QXYZRFYZ=M*gEZ4=Y%ZEgTPvmËBYg.Y_ wbe©vPb Awbevh©, $YEwCZ4E=Y%" =Cƒ¾F'FMׁH\g6 5YTYZQgPgHZE5g.FYHYLFLfBg.ª*8Y=Y0.L«fIYgLL1\J wb‡Ri gb KLb =Y0ZEg5LF4wC=Y0PLˆA=[HwCEY=Y0F4gwCLHˆ—FK‚v¥ Dc¯’vcb nq MÖnY†hvM¨ Z¨vM- Z¨vMB Rxeb Avi- $YEwCZ4E=Y%" ªPH‚J•MJ•gMZNgHPHY‚B‚PYZDg. NLgE*}Ag.f0jL[EYLYTZEEJˆmg=__« 5EE[ZQgPgHªZEg5g.%=Y0«_$YEwCg.FY9YMYJZEH‚YPgEPv¥YE% $YEwC_ Hˆm=*%Z¦$Z}Ag.f0jL[%QgMEªKYL«Fa5YfQ=]*%fM/E[ªJY Ca0‚Y«CNI]5YC\0‚YZHFCEYZNE[Ca0‚YCTYJT[Ca0‚YªEYL[NZŒCa0‚Y« $YEwCZ4E=Y%" $Y5g.$YJYLJE.BgEKYFZLIYZO=QgH=YQMªEYL[NZŒ«_ FY9.$YFEYL*.QY5YL:MYLZ4E=Y%QgMf.JEfHYDQgH"$YL .=8].]*%EYL[NZŒ.=0I[L*%EYL[NZŒ.=$5YEY*%EYL[ *%EYL[Qg=PH‚CY=YL5[HE/YZEZHZIExIYgHZ4E=Y%QT=YL NZŒEYL[_NZŒZEgT.BYHMYL*%$YZJ,*.5EEYL[.EY5YTY $HˆnYf.JEQT"=H\,*%EYL[5[ZH=BYg.=YL5[ZH=BY.Y, 5EE[_ 5[ZH=LY/YLf.YE¦¾Z8EY%_ 5[HE JYgE% ª5[HE« */YgE 5[ZH= HZŒL H4gLL FL H4gLL g.'*.5E$YJYTHgMZ4M=]ZJªgJgTJYE\O«f=YJYL*=Z.4] Z3¦LcFQT'u{YZH=_ Z3v¥Y.LYLF®gTY5EgE%=]ZJ$YMYZCgELhCg=LJ=Ó.]JFYME Z.5YZEf.YEˆAFx×gEZF=YJY=YLf.YgM$YJYL$YZHI‚YH_$YJYL .L_Ja/‚$YZJfKÓ.]JFYME.LH*%Ó.]JFYMgELfK×J=Y JgEQT=YgCL.Yg4$YZJ,Ca0‚YLf4Y8LcF%Z4MYJ*%$E\IbZ=L =Y$YJYLf=YJYLET_EYL[g.CYP[LcgFHHQYgLLFLfK=Y³H *.JY¦.YLE$YZJK/E5EE[ZQgPgH$YJYLf4Y8.EYZ8g.Qgˆ¥ fC/YgEYQTfP%=Y³gHL5HYgHKZCHMYQTCYP[LagFfPHY.LY DYLE.ZL=/EJgEQgTZ4MˆA0‚Qg=$Y0=f.YE*.fCHZNÇ_ QTZHDYTf=YJYL5[HEª5[HE«$EBYTJd=]JYg.$YZM•E.Lg= cvVK wPšÍv Kiæb Avcbvi †mB †`e wkïwU‡K hLb †KD Ks‡mi gZ QT_EYL[g.gP%I]FYZ==.gLfK.VP_EYL[05‚E.LgMPdZËQgH DVgPL5EHP\JZ=LHg×4]XgRfCT$YFEYLJgEL$HˆnYZ.Qg= ª.YM[L«=Y³H3MgH*%ZHNHƒÖYg³_EYL[LfJjE=Y=YL$×J=Y FYgL"Z.NL[LZNQZL="JEHZB="ETE$N®¾IYLY.ƒYv¥"JYE\O ET=YLPQEN[M=Y_*%PQEN[M=Y%EYL[g.JQYE.gL_=YL=Y0 QgM*%PHˆAYIYZH.$P\LQgM$ˆAYIYZH._ZM/g=ZM/g=K/E =YLCaH‚M=YET_*8Y=YLCYEZHgNL5E_.EY=Y0EY.LgM $P\gLL.BYZMg/%fGMMYJ=/E5YEYCL.YL$P\Lf."$P\L_ ZF=YL$P}€YE5YTY=Y0EY.LgMˆAYJ[LPH‚EYN5EE[=Y0EY $YJYLf4Yž.EYZ8K/E$YJYT*%F®NxZ8f4YgR=Yg.fHY6YgEYL .LgMPv¥YgELJd=]$ZEHYK‚_ 5EHgMZ4MYJª=]ZJ0YEfNYEfK0YEP\gL0YT=YP\L$YLKY FY9.$Y5KYg.Fa5YL5E$YJYLJEHY.]MfP%EYL[NZŒLHR P\gL0YTEYHY0Y,TYKYTEY=Y$P\L«_=/E*LJYQY=~$YZJ, 'CYQLEPJˆ¥PVPYLg.JZQOYP\gLLQY=Qg='¯YgLL5EJYgTL H\Z6EY%_$Y5FY9.*.8]ZHˆ¥YZL=.LZ4JgEJgEHMg4E$P\L $YZHI‚YHPv¥YEgCLL×YL5EJYgTLK\g¯$H=[E‚Q,TYZEg5L f.$YJYLIYM%™YEfHYDLgTg4fKC\ËfP%$P\LPZ=%Z.=Y%" ˆAYgB‚L5EET_fKHZŒZEg5$×JfP%$×J=YL3YCLf4RYL P\wCL$P\LZ.EY%" 5EZEg5L3YCL/YEYEYL[L0YgT5RYg=3YT_Z.vmF®.eZ=LM[MY JYC\0‚YLFC=gM$P\gLLJ\//YEYfCg/g4E.=%JD\JTJYgTL f/MYTfP%$YHYLZHNPVPYgLEYL[LFC=gMI]M\Z²=QT_ FYgTL .Yg4 LŒ5HY_ $YJYL HZE‚= $P\L fP% fK F®.e= 5[HgE ªB\B]8].]'FgL4]RHYL.YgM*fHYD0JKZCQT*8YHYT\F®HYgQ JYE\gOL$YEwCZ4E=Y%.gL_*$YHYLZ."$YEwCZ4E=Y%"fPYEYL $YJYL0Y¦ˆxYE.LgH=YQgMfHYDQT*.HYLZ3v¥Y.LH« 0TEYZ4E=Y%QT8Y.Y$BHYfIY0HˆmZ4E=Y%QT$YEwCZ4E=Y%" FY9.F®.e=Fg×$YEwC,Z4E=Y%QTEYL[Lª$YEwC«Z4E=Y%_ ª*.HYLZ3v¥Y.L¾E«_ $YL}{.ZL.EYZQgPgH_f4YžfHMYTIY%gTLHMf/MYTPY%g.M EYL[NZŒL5TDyZE.L¾E_ 3YMYgEYg=.='UPYQZ4M_

134 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 AvZ¥v mykxj `vk ¸ß JYEH5[HgELF®.e=ˆALcFQ%M$Y=~Y5RfCQZ.4]%EY_PEY=E JQYNgTLIYOYT ZQwC\DgJ‚L$YgMYg.$Y=~YP}Ag´™YEY5‚E.ZLg=Q%gMC\%ZHOgT ZHNYMfPˆA0‚P\/I]gMKYT5RC\W/ DYLEYZEg=Q%gH_=YQYQ%M5[H,5R_5[HQ%M5[Hv¥HˆmKYQYL ØgJØgJ=YLFaEQgL_ 5[HE$Yg4_KBYJYE\O0L¾4Y0M.[8F=•%=YZC_5RHˆm ¦T[DJ‚.J‚.Y³FgTYJ\/ZHOIYŒ Q%M5[HEZHQ[E_KYQY5[HgELM×EF®.YN.gLEY_KBY%8 $Jd=IZLTYfKHY/YT__ FYBL.ZH%=YZC_JYE\Og.Jd=]LFaH‚FK‚v¥5[HHMYQT_Jd=]L 0=Y0Z=.YJMYI5gE~5gE~JQY=YF FLJLgCQ5RHˆmg=FZLE=QT_P\=LYVfC/YKYT*.Z8F®YE[5[H =YL5E~$DWFYg=KYT_ *HV5RHˆmLPJvAgT0Z9=_$YJYgCLNL[gLK=×E$Y=~YBYg. Z=EfHgCLDJ[‚T$E\ÌYE.ZLTY%ZwCƒTP\/fIYg0L$Y.YV/[JYE\gOLY ==×ENL[L5[Hv¥BYg._$Y=~Y3ZMTYf0gM5RFCYgB‚FZLE= f.HMJY¦HYLVHYL5E~Jd=]MYI.ZLTYBYg.E_PHYL'Z3=Z3E~T QT_JYEHNL[LFXY3Z8FCYB‚°YLY0Z9=_KBYJYZ85M$YE 50=F®Y·Q,TYKYQYLEYJJ\ZŒHYNYN=5[HE_ P=zgE$ZDZÌ= HY=YP , %BYL_ *%ZM PH% 5R FCYB‚_ $YL $Y=~Y Q%M P}ÒaE‚ 5[HFYF.J‚Q%g=$gE.8YJ\ŒBYg.E_hHZC.NYgˆ—HMYQ%TYg4 5[Hv¥ZHFL[=Hˆm_ $YJYgCLDJ‚0®vn0[=YT  'gMÐ/$Yg4fK fKP=zgEL$B‚Q%g=g4'Ex=™YE*HV$ZD.=LP\g/L$E\IbZ=_ b Rvq‡Z w¯ªq‡Z ev K`vwPb& *%DLgELfMYg.LY'p3=L0®QgMYg.0JE.gLE*HVˆA0‚P\/MYI ETVIb=zYIZH=YHYEIbTW_ .gLE_Lg5YgELhHZNÌQ%g=g4ˆ—[F\L¾gOLFLˆÒgLL$Y.O‚E_ $g5YZE=WNYNg=YQTVF\LYgEY %ZwCƒTP\/fIY0.ZLHYL5ELg5YgEL$ZDZÌ=JYE\OPJYg5HY EQEg=QEJYgENL[gL__ 5YZ=g.F®Z=ÌY.ZLHYLf3ÌY.gL_ˆ—[F\¦ZETYP\/[FZLHYL.YJEY IZŒfHCYv¥ˆAYJ[F®IbFYCJQYNgTLIYOYT .gL_ *% fN®E[L fMYg.LY ./E, PvmÌ Q%g= FYgL EY_ %QYLY Rbg gib bvB, nq bvB, n‡e bvB, ELgMYg.0JE.gL_=gJYEP}ÒExHYZŒ0E./E%.J‚.gLEY_ QgTZ4M=YQYEgQ$Y=~Y_ fPZEg5Lf/TYM/\N[Jg=Y'g§NQ[EIYgH$Y3LE.gL_.Y5.LYL Av‡Rv wbZ¨ kvk¦Z, cyivZb wbZ¨ mZ¨ ×J=Y$Yg4Z.vmF®g3ËY.gLEY_KZC,=YL$Y=~YLf3=EY$Yg4 NL[gLLEYNEgQJd=]__ =H\,5[HE8YZEZ‡lT_*%ZMQ%g=g4=gJYgELM×E_Jd=]LFL $Y=~YL ./E, 5E~ QT EY HY Jd=] QT EY $BHY F\EW F\EW =XYL =YL$Y=~Y$DFZ==Q%TYFÇgKYZEF®Y·QT_ØJZHH=‚gELJYDgJ 'UFZ£HYHdZ¯QTEY_Z=ZE5E~LZQ=NYN=ZE=*HVF\LY=E $HgNgOJE\ONL[LF®Y·QT=gH=YLf.YEZEÈT=YEY%_=YJZP. Q%gM,Z3LEH[E_NL[LEËQ%gM,$Y=~Y./E,ZHEÌQTEY_ HYZŒ0E$DWFZ==Q%TYELg.0JE.gL_ evm Kivi Abyc‡hvMx nB‡j AvZ¥v ZLb †`nwU Z¨vM K‡i, Ro †`‡ni */EF®NxQ%g=FYgLJd=]FL$Y=~YLZ.QT"I0Hg=L$YgMYg. FZLH=‚EQT_Z.vm$Y=~YLf.YEFZLH=‚EQTEY_5RfCgQL4T 'gMÐ/ .LY KYT fK $Y=~Y FagH‚L .J‚YE\PYgL E=]E fCQ F®Y· QT_ L.gJLFZLH=‚EQT_fKJEJY=e0gI‚=YL5E~QTØgJØgJHdZ¯ %QYLEYJ5E~_K/EZHgON.gJ‚LfNOQT=/E$Y=~Y'ŒNL[L F®Y·QT=YQYZ.4]GMF®PH.gLØgJØgJ=YQY×TF®Y·QT =Y0.gL_%QYLEYJJd=]_F®.e=Fg×$Y=~YLf.YEJe=]QTEY_ $HgNgOZHEYNF®Y·QT_Z.vm$Y=~YL*%L.JFZLH=‚EQTEY_fK ÇD\fCgQLFZLH=‚EQT_.J‚YE\PYgL$Y=~YL0Z=FZLH=‚E_DJ‚0®vn fCQZ8DYLE.gLÇDafCQZ8LFZLH=‚EQT_KYL5E~QT=YLJd=] 0[=YT  'gMÐ/$Yg4fKJYE\O5[E‚Hˆ—FZL=Y0.ZLTYE=]E $HDYZL=_$Y=~YL5E~,EY%Jd=],EY%_$Y=~YL$=[=H=‚JYE Hˆ— FZLDYE .gL fCQ[, 5[E‚ NL[L =Y0 .ZLTY E=]E fCQ DYLE ,IZHO=HZMg=Z.4]%EY%_fCQ,JgELPHL.JFZLH=‚EQ,TY .gL_ Pg£z,5[gHLF®.e=P£z$Y=~YLf.YEFZLH=‚EQTEY_5RfCQ, F\ELYTF®Nx$YZPg=FYgLfP$Y=~YZ.IYgHF®YE[LfCgQF®gHN.gL" PEY=E$Y=~YLJgD*%8Y%FYB‚._ I0Hg=L$YgMYg.HMYKYTfK.YgMLJYDgJ$E0®QQ%g=FdZBH[L $Y=~YFaE‚™YEJT*HVPH‚CY%FaE‚Pg3=E_f3=EY%Q%g=g4$Y=~YL HYT\ˆ¥gL$Y=~Y$YZPTYfJg1$HˆnYE.gL_fJ1Q%g=HdZËLJYDgJ M×E_$Y=~Yg.ÔCgTLJgDfC/YEYf0gM,f3=EYF®.YgNLJYDgJ $Y=~YJYZ8g=FZ==QT_=YLFLJYZ8Q%g=ZHZIEx/YCNgPKBY =YL'FZˆnZ=$E\IH.LYKYT_$Y=~YI0HYgEL×]CƒYZC×]Cƒ$VN DYE0JKHIbžY5Y=[TNgP0JE.gL_*%/YCJYE\O/YT_ ZHgNO_fN='FZEOgC'gMÐ/$Yg4fKf.NY0®g.N=IYg0IY0 =/E$Y=~Y/YCQ%g=F\L¾gOLfL=.EYHYÇØYE\g=$HˆnYE.gL_ .ZLTY=YQYg.$YHYLN=IYg0IY0.ZLgMfK$YT=EQT$Y=~YL $=WFLJY=e0gI‚F®gHN.ZLTYPv¥YEPdZË.gL_hHZC.NYgˆ—Pv¥YE $YT=E==/YZE_$B‚YUPVg×gFHMYKYT$Y=~YL$YT=Ef.NYg0®L 5E~CYgELf×g¦ZF=YLIbZJ.Y$0®0E_ CNQY5YLIYg0L*.IYg0LPJYE_$Y=~Y$=v¥×]CƒNZŒ.ZE.Y $YHYL F®Nx Q%g= FYgL fK $Y=~Y f.YBYT $HˆnYE .gL " J\³. KYQY I0HYgEL $VN_ fJg1L $YRYM HY $E f.YE .YLgE PaK‚g. 'FZEOgC'gMÐ/.LYQ%TYg4fK$Y=~YJYEHgCgQÔUZFg¨$HˆnYE fC/YEYf0gM,PagK‚L$YgMYPH‚CY%ZHCJYE_=/E$YJLYCdSIYgH .gL_ $Y=~Y FLJYE\ PCdN_ f3=EYL °YLY =Yg. $E\IH .LY KYT_ ZHNYP.ZLfK%CYE[VZCHP_Z9.JYE\O%Q'.FÇ%Q'..[8 *.HYL*.hH™YZE.ˆAYJ[F®IbFYCJQYNTg.$Y=~YZHOgTZ5™YPY F=•Q'.Z.VHY'Zu{CQ'.*.8]f3=EYLZH.YNfCZ/g=FY%gM% .ZLTYZ4gME_ F®Nx8Y Q%M *% ª*.Z8 f.Xg3Yg. C\% IYg0 ZHIŒ $YJLY$Y=~YL'FZˆnZ=$E\IH.ZL_ .ZLgM$gE.PJTC\%IY0C\%Z8FaE‚Y•f.Xg3Yg=FZLE=QT_*% FaE.Yg5LGgMJYE\OˆAg0‚0JE.gLK/EFaE×TQT=/E f×g¦$Y=~YZ.C\%IYg0ZHIŒQ%TYf0M"« '£gLF®IbFYCJQYNT F\ELYTJ=‚gMYg.ZGZLTY$YgP_ZKZEN®[.eÊg.=£z0=IYgH5YZEg= HZMgMEª$Y=~Yg../E,C\%IYg0ZHIŒ.LYKYTEY_f.Xg3YL FYgLE ZE Z=ZE JYEH 5[HgEL FLJ Mׁ fBg. ZH3]= QT_ Z=ZE *.Z8$VgN$Y=~Y%BYg.Z°=[T$VgNE=]E*.Z8$Y=~Y$YZPTY ./E,ˆA0‚gMYg.0JE.gLE$YHYLJ=‚gMYg.EYZJTY$YgP_fKE F®gHN.gL_FLH=‚[5[HEg.Xg3YQ%gHF®.eZ=*%LcF$Y=~YFY9YT« bvMi †`vjvq ewmqv KLbI Dc‡ii w`‡K Avevi KLbI bx‡Pi w`‡K ZKZEFaE‚LcgF.eÊIYHEYTIYZH=QTI0HYE=XYQYg.C\W/JTH¯ FY./Y%g=BYg._%QYLEYJPVPYL3Ø_ IZŒfHCYv¥ˆAYJ[F®IbFYC 5[HgEFZ==Q%HYLP}{YHEYQ%g=L×Y.gLE_

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 135 $YZJf." ZELœE.]JYLJ³M

¬=]ZJf."­ fCQ/YZE *. /¨ 3D 5R Hˆm hH $YL Z.4\ ET_ ¬$YZJ f.­ F®Nx .LgM=Y%$YJLYI\M.gLHZM¬$YJYLZ.$Yg4­_$YJYLfKJEHYR[ ¬JYE\O­_ $YJYL HE‚FZL3gTL FL F®BJ IY0 FY9 fNgO Z°=[T IY0 $Yg40YR[$Yg4HYV.HYgMµ$Yg4$Yg4.= FRYL PJT $YZJ f4Y8gHMYT * '£L ZCgTZ4MYJ_ JYE Z.VHY ÓXP Power-pomp I g=JZE$Yg4*%fCQ/YZE_ ™YE$YJYLQTZE=/E_+.HY.JYZE.'FY/YEIY0fKY0 pride %=YZCHYEYEJ\/ˆn.LYLfKY0=Y8].]FagLYQTZE_OYg8LCNg.*% Here lies the difference between divine individual soul F®FšJT0®gQ$YJYLF®BJFC3YLEY_HYC\L0Y4YZEHYP[ˆA0‚[TQYLYE : what I am and individual body: what I have. I’m atma, 3wCƒJ¨gML.ZEÌF\¦$YZJ_*KYHU.=L.J'£L$YZJZCgTZ4 the divine fraction of God. ª=]ZJf."«*F®gNxL_P\C[1‚F®YT$Y83ZMÐNH4LFLF®Nx8Y$YL, 5[HgCQQgp4 Z.vm$g3=E 5Z8MQgT,g9_ three dimensional (unconscious) $YHYL5[HY=~YQgp4ZELY.YL(abstract) Z.vmPg3=E(conscious) F®Z=Z8F®Y<[LF®BJF®Nx¬$YZJf."f.YBYQg=*gPZ4"Jd=]LFL _ 3Ž] °YLY F®.eZ=L $FLcF fPjwCK‚ $HgMY.E .E‚ °YLY P\JD\L f.YBYTfKg=QgH"FXZ3NH4LDgLJ8‚g0g5L1YZEf8gE.YEY:YTfK P\L NƒHE EYZP.Y °YLY P\LZIL Pg}€YQE=YFEgNYO<ˆ¥}{H'3Y8E HYR[Z.EgHYJd=]LFL$YJYL$YZJ=zKN/YZ=F®Z=FZ£HYV. Z5QyY °YLY 3Hg3YOgMQgFT 0®Q< , LPEY ZHMYgPL P\/ $YL HYgMµL¾FgKjHE$Q”YLHVNJK‚YCYZ.KYgH$YJYLPYgB" =zg.LPYQYgKhN='Ê=Y$YEwCgHCEYL$E\IaZ=FY%KY5[HY=~Y HZ=gLg.$YgCjP}{HET_ g.'KZCF®Nx.gL¬=]ZJf."­¬'£gLHZM$YZJZQwC\$YZJJ\PMJYE HY/ƒ[ËYEHYfHj¯$YZJHƒYÖ<HYŽZ¦THYhHNHYÇCƒ$YZJhHÊH $YZJ$Y=~Y*HV$YJYL$D[E*.8Yasset ev PossessionQgp4*% HYhNHHYNYgŒTHYPUP•[$YZJ:YŒYLHY%ZœZETYLHYHYZLËYL fCQ_Jd=gCQg.CQEHYPJYZDˆn.LgMf.YE5zME,suffocation HY ZNŽ. HY HHPYT[ HY LY5E[Z=ZHC LY5Y Jv—[ *JZF fJTL *L F®Nx% ,g9 EY_ 5[HgCQ ENL Z.vm 5[HY=~Y $ZHENL (non- .Y'ZµML%=YZC%=YZC_Z.vmf.YE'£LfKEFZLFa<‚ET_f.YgEY destructible)IY0HYENƒ[.eÊ$Y=~YP}Òg.‚$5‚\Eg.HgMZ4gME ™YE[HZŒg.*LcFF®Nx.LgMZ=ZE'£LZCgHE ¬¬iEEVZ4wCZ=Nˆ—YZE $YZJ fCH=Y JYEH K× LYŽP Ia= Z.VHY HƒÖ3YL[ HY 0dQˆn[ HY iEEVCQZ=FYH. HYEF®ˆn[HYPEYP[f.YEZ8%EY_ Eh3EVf. CTv¥YgFY $YZJ$Y=~Y$Y=~Y%$YZJ_ EfNYOTZ=JYL¾=__­­ fNÐY.

I’m individual soul- part of the divine absolute supreme g.YE Nˆ— *% $Y=~Yg. f4CE .ZLg= FYgL EY_ $Z0x %XQYg. CQE soul. F®Z=Z8JYE\OZHNPƒËYPH‚.LE.YL¾ZE.FLJHƒÖFLJY=~YL% .ZLg=FYgLEY_5M%XQYg.$YCƒ‚.ZLg=FYgLEY*HVHYT\%XQYg. $VNJY¦_*5E%HMYQT¬K=5[H==ZNH_­ LJk.ZLg=FYgLEY_ F®Z=Z85[gHLJYg6FLJY=~YL$Zˆ¥=zZHCJYE_ Nƒ[Ju{Y0H=0[=YT$YL,fM/Y$Yg4 P\‹Qg=ˆn\M*%Z¦IaHE_ evmvswm wRb©vbx h_v wenvq PH‚¦ZHLY5.gLEfCHEYLYT<__ EHYZE0dÕYZ=EgLYQFLYZE_ JQYNZŒL$CdNP\=YT$YJLYHXYDY “We are the puppets in the Z_v kixivwb wenvq Rxb©v- *5E%H\Z6.ZH.Y5[E5L¾M%PMYJHgMg4E hands of God.” EEZEPVKYZ=EHYZEfCQ[__ fNÐY. ¬g/ZM4*%ZHNMgT ZHLY8ZNÇ$YEJgE_­ JYE\OfKJEF\LYgEYHˆ—FZL=Y0.ZLTYE=]EHˆ—0®QE.gL$Y=~Y, fP%LcF5[E‚NL[L=Y0.ZLTYE=]ENL[L0®Q<.gL_ PdZË .=‚Yg. $YJLY EYEYLcgF $3‚EY .ZL_ =XYg. JY=eLcgF, ÔZC Avm‡b ewm‡q Avgiv Dcvmbv Kwi- When minute consciousness enters the unconscious KYfCH[PH‚I\g=O\JY=eLcgFEPVZˆn=Y_ physical body, we are living. As long as, there is soul, EJˆ¥iPEJˆ¥iPEJˆ¥iPEJEJ__ the physical body exists 5[HgCQFXY3Z8'FYCYgE0Z9=ZŽZ=5MFYH.f=5,PJ[L_ $YJLYF®YTN%I\gMKY%fK$YJLYZHNJY=YHYFLJZF=YLPv¥YE *gCLg.FšJQY=£zHYFšJQYI\=HMYQT_$YZJ5[HY=~YK/E% =XYL% $ZIEx $VN JY¦_ *5E $YJLY $™YE[ HZŒLY 5[HY=~Y , 5[HgCQ Qg= ZHZp4Ex QH $YJYL *= PYgDL fCQ /YZE $YHYL + 5[HgCgQLPYgBFLJY=~YL$CdN$BHY$gp4CP\‹fKY0Pa¦$\DYHE FšJQYIag= ZHM[EQgTKYgH_ .Lg=FYZLEY_5[HY=~Y,5[HgCgQLFYB‚.EYfHY6Y8Y%I\M'£gLL - 6SDFHZDWHU¿UHVRLODQGDLU- 5[HgCgQL4TZ8CNY$Yg4$Zˆ¥ 5YTg= fEFB.YLE_$YZJFLJY=~YL$VN5[HY=~Y*HV$YJYL$YZNƒ=Qgp4 (is) (produces)  H¯‚g=   FZLEYJTg=   $FŽ[Tg= Avgv‡`i GB bk¦i Rxe‡`nLvwb- Rxe‡`‡ni iƒcPP©vq e¨¯Í Avgiv, (grows) (changes) ZHEOZ= _5[HgCgQL5E~HYZO‚.[ 3]E.YZMLVfJg/EYEY;V,EYEYIbZJ.YT$YJLYfJg='Z9_=/E (deteroriates) (destroys) ,Jd=]HYZO‚.[$Yg4KY$Y=~YLfE%_F®Z=Z85[HEJd=]FYgEDYZH=_ JgE%BYg.EY5[HY=~YHZ=gLg.*%LcFLPgKjHgEFZLFa<‚EDL

136 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 Our body is ever changing and transitory. We are dying to live, we are living to die. Our soul is never changing and eternal. $YZJ PU PYD\ , ™YE[ QgM *% 3LJ P= $E\IH .LH_ $YJYL *%fCQ*/E$Yg4*JENL[L$YL,Qg=FYgLHdZ¯FYgHEYEY FZLH=‚E$YPgH$Ygˆ¥$Ygˆ¥5[HEEY8g.LFšJY”$YPgHfNgO 5[HEM[MYLfNOFC‚YL$YRYgMZ3L$v¥LYgM3gMKYgH*%5[HgCQ_ 5[HgCgQLPJYZ·QgHZ.vm$YZJ5[HY=~YM[EQHFLJY=~YLPYgB_ =Y% f=Y J\ZŒ.YJ[ JYE\O PYDEI5E , 'FYPEY .gL FLJY=~YL PYZExDMYgIL 5E_ EC[ fKJE 4\g8 3gM PY0L $ZIJ\g/ f=JZE JYEH5[HgELJaMMŽQgp4JQYJ\ZŒL5E$ZHLYJ4\g83MY_5[HE fBg.Jd=]FYgEDYZH=F®Z=Z8JYE\O_F\5Y$3‚EYLJYDgJ$YJLY &NgLL.eFYZIŽY.ZL_

*RGLVWKHVXSUHPHVRXOWKHPDLQVRXUFHRIDOOLQ¿QLWLYH individual souls and the embodiment of bliss. Therefore, being His part, the individual soul naturally desires only bliss. KY $YJYgCL PHY%g. *% P\JZ= , ™YECYE .L¾E_ $YZJ 5[HY=~Y ./E,JLHEYJQYJYTYLf.YgMNYZT=QgHF®FšJT*%5[HgCQ ³,I,ZHUHDVNHGWRGH¿QH $F®FšJTFLJY=~YLPYgBF\EZJ‚ZM=QgH*%5[HY=~Y$YZJ_ the Hindu creed, I should $YZJ3Y%5[HEM[MYL*JEKHZE.YFY=$YJYLZŽZ=LcFelement simply say: Search after soil ‡hb gnvgvqvi †e`x‡Z wg‡k hvK, Avgvi †ZR- Rj I mgxi iƒ‡c elementsgKEJYgTLFa5YLfHC[g=G\MDaF°[F,hEgHC truth through non-violent LcgFZEgHZC=QT_ means. A man may not believe in God and still call himself a Hindu. Hinduism is a relentless pursuit after truth... Hinduism is the religion of truth. Truth is God. Denial of God we have known. Denial of truth we have not known.”

-- Mahatma Gandhi

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 137 ,XNYZv¥ ˆAFEPJY§YL

F®Z=Z85[H%P\/[Qg=3YTHYNYZv¥g=BY.g=3YTf.Q%C\W/fFg= */E$YJYgCLIYHg=QgHfK*%.J‚H´gELJgDfBg.,Z.IYgH 3YTEY F®NxQgp4P\/NYZv¥HYC\W/Z."P\/HYNYZv¥Qgp4%ZwCƒTg. F®.e= P\/ FY,TY KYgH *HV PgH‚YFZL Z.IYgH F®.e= J\ZŒ FY,TY =eZ· .LYL %p4Y HY $Y.Yq/YL F®YZ·L F®Z=GME_ $YL C\W/ Qgp4 KYgH_ F®.e= NYZv¥ fFg= QgM %ZwCƒT ZMg. HN[Ia= .Lg= QgH_ %ZwCƒTg.=eZ·.LYL%p4Y$YNYHY$Y.Yq/YLEYFYHYLF®Z=GME_ =Y%g=YI0HYEZEg5%N®[Ju{Y0H=0[=YTT$DYgTHgMg4E 'IT%5R50g=L×EˆnYT[_ =YZEPH‚YZEPVKJK\Œ$YP[=JUFLW g.QZ.*.Z8HYL,0I[LIYgHZ3v¥Y.gLfCg/g4EfK*%$YZJ HgNZQKgPZwCƒTYZE=PF®™YFƒZ=ZÌ=Y____ HY$YJYLfCQ.=×E"*%fKZ.4]ZCE$Yg0JYgTLf.YM$YgMY $E\HYC ZKZE =XYL %ZwCƒTZMg. P}Òa<‚LcgF HN[I]= .gL $YJYL .gL*%5R50g=*gPg4EfC/g=fC/g=5Y0Z=.H4L F®Z= '£J IZŒFLYTE QgT =XYL %ZwCƒTZMg. P}ÒaE‚LcgF HN[Ia= $gE. P\g/ HY C\Wg/ FYL .gL fGgMg4E_ =/E PJT QgT KYgp4 .gLg4EZ=ZE%Zˆn=F®™_ ZE5 $YMgT ZGgL KYHYL_ N=g3ËY .gL, f.YEIYgH *% fCQ8Yg. $Y8.YgTLY/g=FYLgHEEY_*%fK$YZJ $Y=~Y *%F\LY=EfCQ IZŒfKY0%fKfN®ÌfKY0=Y*/YgEˆÒËIYgHHY/Y.LYQgTg4_ =Y0 .gL E=]E fCQ DYLE .LgH_ $Y=~[TP5E H´\HY´H *% .eÊIZŒ 4YRY %ZwCƒTg. PVK= .LY KYTEY_ .eÊIZŒ *JE% *. fCgQL PYgB P}Ò.‚_ *% PH% ×Z

138 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 $E\HYCfKHYZŒ.eÊIYHEYTK\ŒEE=XYLZ3£PVK=ET*HV =YLFYLJYZB‚.H\Z¯BY.g=FYgLEY_$YLFLJYB‚Z3v¥YÇEHYZŒL ZHOT=eÊYLZHLZ=fE%_*%L.JZHOT=e·Z. ËHYZŒLP\/f.YBYT" $B‚YUKYLI0HU=£z™YEfE%fP=YL5[HgEL'g§NZ.=Y5YgE EY_JgELK/Ef.YEZEZC‚Ë0Z=BYg.EYZ3£K/E3šMQgT,g9 =/E%$NYZv¥LPa3EYQT_ Z.vm5[HK/EH\6g=FYgLI0HYE%Qgp4EFLJfIYŒYI0HYE% Qgp4EPJˆ¥ZHN3LY3gLL$D[NL*HVPH‚Iag=LFLJP\ÔC=/E =YLJE=YLfPHYT*.Y0®QgT,g9*HV=YLGgMfPF®.e=NYZv¥ MYI.gL_ =Y%g=YI0HYEN®[Ju{Y0HC0[=YTT$DYgTE}ALgNÐYg.HgM f0g4E ZHQYT.YJYE KWPH‚YEF\JYWÈLZ=ZEˆÒdQW ZEJ‚gJYZELQ”YLWPNYZv¥JZD0p4Z=__ “Life is an opportunity, $E\HYCfKHZŒPJˆ¥.YJEYHYPEYFZL=Y0.gL5RZHOgTLF®Z= ZEˆÒdQQgTZELQ”YL*HVJJ=zgHYDLZQ=QgTZH3L<.gLEZ=ZE%  EHQH¿WIURPLW F®.e=NYZv¥MYI.gLE_ ,XJNYZv¥,XJNYZv¥,XJNYZv¥_ Life is beauty, admire it. gQI0HYEFdZBH[LP.M5[Hg.NYZv¥CY,NYZv¥CY,NYZv¥CY,_ Life is a dream, realize it. Life is a challenge, meet it. Life is a duty, complete it. Life is a game, play it. /LIHLVDSURPLVHIXO¿OOLW Life is sorrow, overcome it. Life is a song, sing it. Life is a struggle, accept it. Life is a tragedy, confront it. Life is an adventure, dare it. Life is luck, make it. Life is too precious, do not destroy it. /LIHLVOLIH¿JKWIRULW´

ʊMother Teresa

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 139 fQJZwCLf=YJYLMׁZ."

NYJMIžY3YK‚ ªIŒgCL5EJZwCL«EYJZwCgLL5EIŒ«*ZEgTIŒgCLZ3v¥Y ˆxYEYZC.L$YQYLZECƒYKY,_Z.vm$YJYg.ZCgEP·YgQJYgPHY IYHEYL$v¥fE%_PJ0®ZHgN&NLPYDEYL5E*=JZwCLˆnYFgEL H4gL.THYLf/XY5ZEg=$YP" 'g§N%HYZ."$YJYgCLMׁZ.HYJZwCgLLMׁ%HYZ.=YZEgT IYIŒ,gMYg=YF\gLYZQ=.LgH$YJYgCLfCYOZCp4f.E" 5iE.IYH\.IŒ$Hg3=EJgEJZwCgLL.Yg4Z.4]F®Nx.gLJZwCL JZwCL F\gLYZQ= QgMY f=YJYgCL $YJZv—= fPH._ 'ZE F\gLYIYg0 F®=]£gLZ.HMgMY=YfNYEYKY.? HgPPHYLZQ=.YJEY.gLE_Z.vmf=YJLYf=YZCEf=YJYgCL IYH\.IŒfQJZwCLf=YJYLMׁZ." ZQ=.YJEY.LYL5Ef.YEF\gLYZQ=ZEgTY0.LZE_ JZwCLJZwCLHgMfQIŒ$YJYLf=Yf.YEMׁEY%f=YJLY IYIŒ ZHgNO Fa5YT f=YJYg. $gE. /YHYL F®PYC , 'FQYL ZJgMZJgN$YJYTh=L[.L_f=YJYgCLKYLfKJEIZŒfP%$E\KYT[ FƒCYE.ZL=Yg=f=YJYLPvmZËEY%f.E" $YJYL1gLZHZIExJaZ=‚ˆnYFE.L*HVKYF®YB‚EY.L=Y%ÇZE_$YHYL JZwCL HYHY IŒ $YZJ Z. .Y'g. f.YEZCE $ZIgKY0 .gLZ4" f=YJLYF4wC.gL$YJYLEYJ.L<.L_fPIYgH$YJYLFZLZ3Z=QT_ f=YJLYKYCY,=Y$YZJF®Y

140 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 ˆƒËY,PdZË

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 141 ˆƒËY,PdZË*HVZQwC\DJ‚

PV0dQ[=

.=ZHZ3¦$YJYgCLF®.eZ=,FZLgHN_,FgL$Ev¥$Y.YN_fP% &NL ZQwC\DgJ‚L JaM_ &NL *. *HV $Z°=[T_ Z=ZE P.M Z.4]L $Y.YgN3wCƒPaK‚PQ.=0®Q'F0®QLgTg4LgTg4$0Z<=Eצ_ ZETv—._Z=ZEPH‚NZŒJYE_ *%FdZBH[,.=hHZ3¦JT_f.YBY,$Y.YNˆÒN‚['¯=FH‚=JYMY &NgLLNZŒLF®.YN1g8JQYJYTYHYF®.eZ=LJgD_fCH=YLY&NgLL H[LHœ.)5\=YZEgTCXYZRgT$Yg4$½gIC[JZQJYT_ZN/gL=YgCL NZŒL $YgL. LcF_ &NgLL PdZË ZˆnZ= , ZHEYgNL NZŒ KBYØgJ fN==]OYgLLPagK‚Y–zMJ\.]8fNYIYFYT_FH‚=fBg.Edg=L4gwC HƒÖYZHÊ],ZNH_=XYLZHCYCYgELNZŒ%PLˆA=[DEP}ÒgCLNZŒ fEgJ $YgP 6<‚Y $YL ECEC[L fˆƒY=DYLY_ fEgJ $YgP PJ=gM_ M‹[ %=YZC_ fCH=Y HÓ QgM, &NL *. *HV $Z°=[T_ ZHZIEx .M=YE=]gMP\ZHNYMPY0gLZ0gTfJgN_ fCH=YL 'FYPEY .Lg= Z0gT ZHZIEx Jg=L PdZË QgTg4_ NZŒL 'FYPEY KXYLY .gLE =XYLY NYŒ ZHÊ]L 'FYPEY KXYLY .gLE =XYLY EC[=[gLf.YBY,NYJMF®Yv¥L_f.YBY,D\D\JL¾IbZJ_f.YBY,0I[L hHÊHZNgHL'FYPEYKXYLY.gLE=XYLYhNH_*IYgHFdB.FdB. $L<_JYg6JYg6$Yg4fMY.YMT_HgEF®Yv¥gLHYfMY.YMgT.= 'FYP.P}҃CYgTLPdZËQgM,ZHZIExCYN‚ZE.J=,ZHNYgPLJgD L.gJLHd×M=Y_Hdg×Hdg×EYEYHg<‚LFYZ/L.g¡EYEY4gwCL 0I[L+.LgTg4_fP%+g.LPa¦QMP.MfCH=Y%fP%*.*HV .Y.ZM_ $ZIExZELY.YLZE0‚\<FLJHƒgÖLNZŒ_*%HƒÖHY&NL%ZQwC\DgJ‚L Fƒ.eZ=,FZLgHgNLJgDfKJEhHZ3¦LgTg4f=JZE*.0I[L JaM_ZQwC\gCL$YZCDJ‚0®vnfHC_fHC3YLIYg0ZHIŒ).PYJ +g.LFZL3T,FY,TYKYT_)=]3gØL$YH=‚EZCHYLYZ¦LFYMYHCM K5\W,$BH‚_HƒYÖ<$YL<.'FZEOCLYJYT<JQYIYL=F\LY< 0®QgCL$YFE.×FgB*.%ZETgJ1\gL1\gL3MY*LJgD*.8Y N®[JC I0HC 0[=YN®[3³[F®IeZ=$YJYgCLDJ‚0®vn_N®[JC I0HC 0[=Y 0I[L+.,Ndq/MYLgTg4_ JQYIYLg=L *HV N®[3³[ JY.‚g³T F\LYg

142 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 FdZBH[LPdZËQM_$Y.YNHY=YPˆA0‚FY=YMP·°[FYHP\´LYØgJ ,JQYF\L¾OgCL$HˆnYgELˆnMFZH¦_*LcFFZH¦ˆnYEg.HgM=[B‚_ PH%PdZËQM_ZHNZ4MP}Òa<‚=JPYp4Ex_3wCƒPaK‚,=YL.YLYZ5PdZË =[gB‚f0gMfCQJEFZH¦QT_ .gL&NL$´.YLCaL.LgME_ 'FYPEYK™Fa5Y.[=‚E=[B‚½J<F®IdZ=ZQwC\DgJ‚L$E\ÌYE0= *ZCg..NFJ\ZELC\%F=x[ZCZ=,$ZCZ=_ZCZ=fBg.hC=gCL ZC._ *4YRY 5E~ fBg. Jd=] FK‚v¥ ZHZIEx PJgT .L<[T PVˆkYL *HV$ZCZ=fBg.5E~QMfCH=YgCL_*/EJYE\OPdZË.LYF®gTY5E_ P}Òg.‚,ZQwC\DJ‚NYgˆ—P\ZEZC‚ËZHZDZHDYELgTg4_ HƒÖYPdZËZHˆ¥YgLL5E=XYLJYEPF\¦)ZOgCLPdZË.LgME_Z.vm ZQwC\DgJ‚L$v¥0‚=EYEYJ=,FgBLJgDPJvATPYDE.gLZQwC\DJ‚ )ZOLYHVNZHˆ¥YgLJgEYgKY0EYZCgT=FPYTJ0xQgME_HƒÖY%F®BJ FZH¦5[HEKYFE.gL'¼]¯.gL_ZQwC\DJ‚ZN×YLJYDgJJE\O=z EYL[,F\L¾OPdZË.LgME_F®BJPdËF\L¾OEYJˆAYT}{\HJE\EYL[LEYJ $5‚E.LYKYT_5[HgEPU,JQUQ,TYKYT_fKgQ=]$Y=~YLDyVP N=LcFY_$YJLYJE\LPv¥YEHgMJYEHEYgJFZLZ3=_ fE%ÇD\fCgQL%DyVPQT=Y%.J‚QTZE‡kYJ_Jd=]ITBYg.EY_ FLZQg=$Y=~=Yg0f.YEI[Z=HY.]¡YBYg.EY_¬K¦5[HW=¦ZNHW­ ˆAYT}{\HJE\,N=LcFYLZF®THƒ=,™YEFYCEYgJC\%F\¦*HV$Y.]Z= 5[gHLÔCgT&NgLL$HˆnYE_ZQwC\DJ‚ZN×YLJYDgJ*%fHYD5Y0®= fCHYÓZ=,F®PaZ=EYgJZ=E.EY5E~0®Q<.LM_=YLFLFdZBH[g= QT_ *% fHYD fBg. $YgP $FgLL FƒZ= IYMHYPY *HV J•MYNT_ *gMYJYE\O_JYE\OPdZËLfN®Ì5[H_JYE\gOL'FYPEYTFa5YTJ\/ZL= .YL<5[HJY¦%J•MJT&NgLLfP%J•MJTF®=×F®.YN_ QMFdZBH[PdZËLJgDˆƒËYfFgMEPYB‚.=Y _ˆƒËYg.f5gEPdZË, fFMFLJ$YEwC_ˆƒËYg.FYHYL5E=YL$v¥gLf5g0L%M$P[J *.BYˆÒËfKZQwC\DJ‚JYE\gOLJ•M*HV5[H,50g=L.MYg< $Y.]Z=_fP%$Y.]Z=fBg.%'FYPEYFa5YHwCEYPYDEY$YLYDEY ZEgHZC=_F®.e=Fg×&NgLZHNYP$Y=~J\ZŒ,50g=LZQ=PYDE F®IeZ=L'u{H_Fa5Y.LYL5EIŒJZwCLh=ZL.gL_fCH=YLJZwCL ZQwC\DgJ‚LJaMfHZNˁ_

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 143 ¯ªóv wkíx FaLH[FYM

G]gMLfNYIY3YZLZCg.$Z=JgEYQL wkíx VvKzi, †Zvgvi Mov is‡qi evnvi, fCZ/ZC0v¥L F®Í]Z8=F\ZˆÒ=YPHJYBYTDLYLfJMY IgL,g9JE$YJYgCLfCg/f=YJYLf/MY__ †Lvjme›`x =]ZMZCgT$XY.YfKEFYQYRHE$YLEC[ )=]Nƒ[f1YO ZEZJgOE[M$Y.YN5\gR'R=FYZ/KZC EC[L5gML.]M\DyZEˆAFxQYPYTHgEHgE g.YE$5YEYLFYgEfDgT3Mg4IYZHJgE__ $ZEp4Y.e=*.HYL$YJYLFYgNHgP% FY/[gCLPHHYPYZM6]Mg40Yg40Yg4 $ZJQgTf0g4gP_ ZNÇFY/[gCLZ.Z3LZJZ3LÇZEJYg6JYg6 g.YgEY*.0Y4JLYC\F\gL$ZEp4Y.e=*.HYL f.YE=]ZMZ8L8YgE$YXg.YF®.eZ=L*%gNYIY" Avgvi `vIqvq ï‡qB- Z.$FaH‚PdZË.gLfJYgCLJEfMYIY__ $YZJQgTf0g4gP_ *.ZHCYT[P´YT*.HYL,QY=EYgEgR% N[=0®[‡€PH)=]g=%f=YJYL4ZH$XY.Y *.J\Ó=‚FYgNgBg.% =]ZML8YgELVfHLVfKPYZ5gTf=YgMDLY__ $YZJQgTf0g4gP_

kx‡Zi w`‡bi eid XvKv cvnvo, ebgq ZvB cÖwZwbqZ ǽ48YTCaLQgTKYTJgEL0I[LIT_ g=YJYg.$YZJ.LYLf3ËYL'FK‚\FZLZEH‚YPE$Y5_ PYZLPYZL=]OYLJYEH0gRg4ZNÇLCM 5YZEK/Ef=YJYT$YZJZEH‚YPEZCgTZ4$gE.YVgN% HRLYPHHLGf.g8.gLg4HLG1L__ $YLHYZ.8].],gC,TYLF®=[×YT$0®PLJYE $YJYg.*=gHZN'gF×YLFL ZNÅ[L¾NƒËY=]ZJf=YJYLZNÅ[LfE%fNO =/E$YJYg.f=YJYL/\HF®gTY5E IY•Y0RYL.Yg5LJYg6,=]ZJ$v¥Q[EfMN__ =/E%$YJYg.%f=YJYL/\HF®gTY5E_ $EYQYL[ÔCgTL$YZJQgT,9YfP kªóv wkíx, †Zvgvi ¸‡bi AšÍ †bB $YL$EYPŒ$×LHƒÖ=]ZJ_ I\HEILY$XY.Y4ZHf=YJYLf5YZ=LF®.YNfP%__ $YJYL*.FYgN5M$EFYgNQY,TY_ gEYJYEPMY³*.×<ˆnYT[$HˆnYEf4gR *.. Yv¥CYN‚ZE. $YJYg.$YJYLFa5YL$YPEf.YBYTFY=g=HMgH *%$gF×YLPJT$YLgE%_ $YJYL$YLC[1‚$gF×YLPJTBJg.fE%_ ZEg5LZI=LZ8gTKYZp4ØJY0=_ H\g.LJYg63]FZ8.gLHgPfBg.KZCf.'EY%HgM ¬*IYgH%BY.HPYLY5[HE­ Z‡e wbiæcvq Avgv‡K ej‡ZB n‡e- ¬FZLFa<‚fF®gJJd=],Qg=FYgL­f5gE $YJYL./gEYPYQP%QTZEIYMHYPYL_ Z8gTfKg=fKg=$YZJ,f/YMPHwC[QHN[1ƒ%_

hw` †Zvgvi Aó cÖni Kó bv nq Z‡e *%IYMHYPY½ËZEWP•g. ZHFC5E.g/XYRYfP=]g= *Z0gTCY,ˆƒËYLNŒQY=_

144 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 HYUPZL.ZCEFœ[ Yearly Puja Broto

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 145 FdZBH[ iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi

$Y5$YJYLF®

kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 147 IŒ fˆAp4YgPH. $YL JYZP. ZIZ£g= (PAP) Aby`vb`vZvmn mKj `vZv‡`i RvbvB Avgv‡`i DEHYC,NYLC[TÇgIp4Y_

IŒLY$YJYgCLFBF®CN‚._CY=Y$YLgˆAp4YgPH.LY $YJYgCL NZŒ_ $YFEYLY P.gM *Z0gT $YP\E ZEg5g.IŒfˆAp4YgPH[$YLCY=YLcgFJZwCgLL PYZH‚.'ExTgEPQYT=Y.gL$YJYgCLPEY=EDJ‚ $YLPVˆkeZ=g.L×YL.Yg5$VN0®Q<.L¾E_

158 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 159 160 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014 161 162 kvi`xq msL¨v 2014