An Integral Theory of Place
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Architecture and Urbanism in the Middle East
Viewpoints Special Edition Architecture and Urbanism in the Middle East The Middle East Institute Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints is another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US relations with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org Cover photos, clockwise from the top left hand corner: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Imre Solt; © GFDL); Tripoli, Libya (Patrick André Perron © GFDL); Burj al Arab Hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Al Faisaliyah Tower in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Doha, Qatar skyline (Abdulrahman photo); Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, Turkey (Murdjo photo); Registan, Samarkand, Uzbekistan (Steve Evans photo). -
Critical Regionalism: Whatever Happened to Autonomy
fusion-journal.com http://www.fusion-journal.com/issue/004-fusion-the-town-and-the-city/critical-regionalism-whatever-happened-to-autonomy/# Critical Regionalism: Whatever Happened to Autonomy Opening In his most recent take on “critical regionalism,” Kenneth Frampton revisits the dichotomy between centre and periphery. It is not the implied territorial divide that interest Frampton. At issue is how architecture could or should define the periphery in contrast to the hegemonic architecture unfolding in the centre. Frampton’s take is centred on the ways that technological apparatus, under the auspices of capitalism, transform the cities one- dimensionally. From China to wherever else that capital today finds a home for fast accumulation, we witness “the mediagenic impact of spectacular form which is,” Frampton observes, “as much due to the capacity of ‘superstar architects’ to come up with sensational, novel images as to their organizational competence and technical abilities.”[i] For a better understanding of Frampton’s position we need to give attention to the change in the title of his text. Since the rise of postmodernism, Frampton has constantly searched for alternative(s) in the work of architects who sidetrack the post-sixties turn to historical eclecticism and the drive for formal autonomy, to mention two dominant tendencies of the time. As early as the 1980s, Frampton mapped the thematic of “critical regionalism” with phenomenological aspiration for the duality between “national culture” and civilization. [ii] Exploring the early -
The Ideology of Critical Regionalism As a Teaching and Design Resource for the Next 100 Years of Cela
THE IDEOLOGY OF CRITICAL REGIONALISM AS A TEACHING AND DESIGN RESOURCE FOR THE NEXT 100 YEARS OF CELA Hopman, David D. The University of Texas at Arlington, [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Since its introduction as a term by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre (Tzonis and Lefaivre, 1981), Critical Regionalism has emerged as a significant ideology in contemporary landscape architectural discourse worldwide that continues to merit closer attention as a framework for creative regional design. Kristine Woolsey wrote that the only constant in the process of Critical Regionalism is the quality of the ideological position of the architect that evolves over time through practice, experience, and the international debate of the profession (Woolsey, 1991). Looking towards the next 100 years of CELA, it is worth reflecting on where we are ideologically as a profession in relation to Critical Regionalism. Critical Regionalism can be broadly summarized as an embrace of contemporary and historical world culture as an indispensable part of a creative and expressive regionalist design process, a desire to provoke both intellectual (critical thinking) and sensual reactions to a design by the end user, and a broadening of the experience intended by design to embrace the importance of non-visual experience. Personal ideological positions related to Critical Regionalism are informed and modified by influences of region, contemporary culture, and aesthetic components such as environmental psychology, cultural rules, personal growth and creativity, and the appropriation of regional ecology and environmental forces. The author has used research into Critical Regionalism as a guiding ideology for both practice, research, and education for the past 25 years. -
Prospects for a Critical Regionalism Kenneth Frampton Perspecta, Vol. 20. (1983), Pp. 147-162
Prospects for a Critical Regionalism Kenneth Frampton Perspecta, Vol. 20. (1983), pp. 147-162. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0079-0958%281983%2920%3C147%3APFACR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q Perspecta is currently published by Yale School of Architecture. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/ysoa.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Wed Dec 12 11:36:13 2007 Kenneth Frampton 147 Prospects for a Critical Regionalism Luis Barragan, Las Arboledas, 1961. -
An Analysis of Critical Regionalism and Its Application to High-Rise Building Design
An Analysis of Critical Regionalism and its Application to High-Rise Building Design A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture in the School of Architecture and Interior Design of the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning by Shaun Baranyi B.S. in Architecture (S.U.N.Y) at Buffalo April 2016 Committee Chair: Michael McInturf II Abstract As the most iconic aspect of a city, high-rise buildings have a responsibility to represent their regions local culture and identity. Mass-communication, mobility, and modern technology have imposed an international culture onto today’s urban architecture. The cultural entropy from globalization has spread itself onto skylines around the world. Additionally, as cities become denser, the construction of high-rise buildings will continue to increase. The skyscraper, which was originally an American phenomenon, has been adopted by cities around the world. Regions such as such the Middle East and Asia have grown in population and density at an unprecedented rate. As a result, we have seen an emergence of mega cities that are centered around high- rise developments. Furthermore, the mass migration of people from diverse backgrounds into dense urban environments has led to a cultural evolution that needs to be recognized and expressed. Urban environments will need to respond to their region’s evolving ethos or allow their architecture to become homogenized within capitalist demands. Through an adapted critically regionalist attitude, designers can create high-rise architecture that focuses on developing ‘places’ opposed to ‘spaces’. -
Regionalism, Modernism and Vernacular Tradition in the Architecture of Algarve, Portugal, 1925-1965
Regionalism, modernism and vernacular tradition in the architecture of Algarve, Portugal, 1925-1965 Ricardo Manuel Costa Agarez University College London Ph.D. Volume I 1 I, Ricardo Manuel Costa Agarez, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Ricardo Agarez | Abstract Abstract This thesis looks at the contribution of real and constructed local traditions to modern building practices and discourses in a specific region, focusing on the case of Algarve, southern Portugal, between 1925 and 1965. By shifting the main research focus from the centre to the region, and by placing a strong emphasis on fieldwork and previously overlooked sources (the archives of provincial bodies, municipalities and architects), the thesis scrutinises canonical accounts of the interaction of regionalism with modernism. It examines how architectural ‘regionalism’, often discussed at a central level through the work of acknowledged metropolitan architects, was interpreted by local practices in everyday building activity. Was there a real local concern with vernacular traditions, or was this essentially a construct of educated metropolitan circles, both at the time and retrospectively? Circuits and agents of influence and dissemination are traced, the careers of locally relevant designers come to light, and a more comprehensive view of architectural production is offered. Departing from conventional narratives that present pre-war regionalism in Portugal as a stereotype-driven, one-way central construct, the creation of a regional built identity for Algarve emerges here as the result of combined local, regional and central agencies, mediated both through concrete building practice and discourses outside architecture. -
Architecture As Artifact and the Re-Rendering of Fragmentary Experience
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation January 2007 Architecture as Artifact and the Re-Rendering of Fragmentary Experience Pamela Freeman Jordan University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Jordan, Pamela Freeman, "Architecture as Artifact and the Re-Rendering of Fragmentary Experience" (2007). Theses (Historic Preservation). 83. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/83 A Thesis in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2007. Advisor: Randall F. Mason This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/83 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Architecture as Artifact and the Re-Rendering of Fragmentary Experience Comments A Thesis in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2007. Advisor: Randall F. Mason This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/83 ARCHITECTURE AS ARTIFACT AND THE RE-RENDERING OF FRAGMENTARY EXPERIENCE Pamela Freeman Jordan A THESIS In Architecture & Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2007 _________________________ Advisor Randall F. Mason Associate Professor of Architecture _________________________ Program Chair Frank G. Matero Professor of Architecture To a road unpaved ii Acknowledgements A dual degree can be challenging. To my primary thesis advisors, Randall Mason and Cathrine Veikos, I offer my most sincere thanks for their guidance and patience. -
A Semantic Reading of the Typical Trinidadian House, Across Class Levels, with Emphasis on Faã§Ade Design Leniqueca Welcome University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Architecture Undergraduate Honors Theses Architecture 5-2013 Class Status and Identity in the Trinidadian House: A Semantic Reading of the Typical Trinidadian House, Across Class levels, with Emphasis on Façade Design Leniqueca Welcome University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/archuht Part of the Architectural History and Criticism Commons, and the Race, Ethnicity and Post- Colonial Studies Commons Recommended Citation Welcome, Leniqueca, "Class Status and Identity in the Trinidadian House: A Semantic Reading of the Typical Trinidadian House, Across Class levels, with Emphasis on Façade Design" (2013). Architecture Undergraduate Honors Theses. 2. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/archuht/2 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Architecture at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Architecture Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Class Status and Identity in the Trinidadian House: A Semantic Reading of the Typical Trinidadian House, Across Class levels, with Emphasis on Façade Design By: Leniqueca Welcome Abstract Renaissance architect Filippo Brunelleschi stated, “Remember that no other memory remains of us than the walls which after hundreds of thousands of years bear witness to him who was their author.”1 Brunelleschi’s statement alludes to architecture’s ability to encapsulate the spirit of its time and people, allowing it to transcend time, and be translated to future generations. Fascinated by this ability of architecture, this thesis investigates the relationship between the evolution of a particular architectural typology and the changing socio-political climate of its context. -
Nonmodern Regionalism and Sustainability: the Case of Two Contexts
NONMODERN REGIONALISM AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE CASE OF TWO CONTEXTS A thesis submitted to the College of Architecture and Environmental Design of Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master’s of Architecture By Mina Kalkatechi August 2009 Thesis written by Mina Kalkatechi B.Arch, Azad University, 2004 M.Arch, Kent State University, 2009 Approved by _________________________________, Advisor Steve Rugare _________________________________, Graduate Program Coordinator Gregory Stroh _________________________________, Associate Dean, Coordinator of Architecture Programs Jonathan Fleming _________________________________, Dean, College of Architecture & Environmental Design James Dalton ii KALKATECHI, MINA, M.ARCH., AUGUST,2009 ARCHITECTURE NONMODERN REGIONALISM AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE CASE OF TWO CONTEXTS (95 PP) Director of Thesis: Steve Rugare With growing interest in sustainable practices in architecture, different approaches to sustainability have emerged. This thesis studies the Non modern perspective presented by Steven Moore, the challenges of redefining sustainable architecture as a storyline, and the practicability of this view in large scale sustainable projects which are largely based on Ecological Modernization. Recent developments in Ecological Modernization have brought about a vision of sustainable architecture in which social and cultural experiences are embedded. But the practices of large scale projects are still solely based on economic and financial concerns. The connection between theory and practice has significant role in the success of the sustainable storyline and therefore, the contradictions in the practice of sustainable large scale projects provide significant challenges in viewing them as Non modern practices. Although, social and cultural issues should be considered, we should not forget the role of economy and its contradictions in large scale developments. -
Architecture and Nation-Building in Mid-20 Century Urban Turkey And
Architecture and Nation-building in Mid-20 th Century Urban Turkey and Iraq Lydia Harrington A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts University of Washington 2014 Committee: Selim Kuru Brian McLaren Re şat Kasaba Program authorized to give degree: Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization © 2014 Lydia Harrington Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………….3 Modernism in Ankara………………………………………………………………10 Modernism in Iraq………………………………………………………………….28 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….50 Bibliography…………………..................................................................................55 2 Introduction The premise of this thesis is locate parallels and differences of foreign involvement in Ankara and Baghdad’s architecture during the development of each state’s nationalisms. In doing so, it will examine how foreign-originated modern architecture was modified in each case to fit its local context. I chose to focus on slightly different time periods in the two cities—the 1930s in Ankara and the 1950s in Baghdad— since these were defining periods of urban planning and nationalism-formulation in each. They are also periods that demonstrate well how modernity and nationalism were realized in the built environment. The degree to which architectural modernism was modified in each case was determined by the transmission of new ideas to Turkey and Iraq, education of and communication between foreign and local architects and the influence of nationalism. The history of modern Turkey and Iraq are very different, but architecture helps demonstrate two unique yet not entirely inseparable experiences of modernity in the post-Ottoman Middle East. With the coming of modernity and the threat of European imperialism in the Ottoman Period, Turkey, as the home of the empire’s administration, and Iraq, then as the three provinces Mosul, Baghdad and Basra, underwent varying degrees of modernization reforms, beginning in the Tanzimat Period (1839-1876). -
Architecture and Urbanism in the Middle East
Viewpoints Special Edition Architecture and Urbanism in the Middle East The Middle East Institute Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints is another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US relations with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org Cover photos, clockwise from the top left hand corner: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Imre Solt; © GFDL); Tripoli, Libya (Patrick André Perron © GFDL); Burj al Arab Hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Al Faisaliyah Tower in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Doha, Qatar skyline (Abdulrahman photo); Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, Turkey (Murdjo photo); Registan, Samarkand, Uzbekistan (Steve Evans photo). -
Mediterranean Visual Messages: the Conundrum of Identity, Isms, and Meaning in Contemporary Egyptian Architecture
86 MEDITERRANEAN VISUAL MESSAGES: THE CONUNDRUM OF IDENTITY, ISMS, AND MEANING IN CONTEMPORARY EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE Ashraf M. Salama Abstract Keywords Egypt like many of the Mediterranean countries is an Identity, ISMS, meaning, Mediterraneanism, Middle amalgam of influences. Its rich history and unique Easternism, contemporary architecture, Egypt. geographical position afforded many opportunities for the emergence of architectural trends and movements. This article presents a new positional The Two Way Mirror! interpretation of contemporary Egyptian architecture. Societies tend to re-evaluate the meaning It is culled from a spectrum of issues I have presented and desirability of built environments rapidly. in several events and published in local and international conferences and trade magazines. The search for an architectural identity, the rise However, it calls for a fresh look at the issue of meaning and fall of ISMS (movements and tendencies), in architecture by critically analyzing the current and the continuous debate on symbolism status of architecture in Egypt through a reading of and character issues in architecture are trends that emerged over the last decade. The article derived from this fact. That search seems to discusses the concepts of Mediterraneanism and be a preoccupation with countries that have Middle Easternism in association with the situation of cultural richness and multi-layers of history. architecture and urbanism in Egypt. A number of ISMS Architects and designers in those countries find including postmodernism, historical revivalism, critical themselves dealing with a paradox needing to regionalism and confusing symbolism are identified and reviewed and representative examples are project a certain image of themselves through critically analyzed.