Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry

8th Edition Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry

8th Edition

Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie

Achte, vollig neu bearbeitete Auflage

Prepared Gmelin-Institut fUr Anorganische Chemie and issued by der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften Director: Ekkehard Fluck

Founded by Leopold Gmelin 8th Edition 8th Edition begun under the auspices of the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft by R. J. Meyer Continued by E. H. E. Pietsch and A. Kotowski, and by Margot Becke-Goehring

~~ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1988 Gmelin-lnstitut fOr Anorganische Chemie der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften

ADVISORY BOARD Dr. G. Brei[, Chairman (Ruhrchemie AG, Oberhausen-Holten), Prof. Dr. K. Dehnicke (Philipps• Universitat, Marburg), Prof. Dr. N. N. Greenwood (University of Leeds), Prof. Dr. H. Grunewald (Bayer AG, Leverkusen), Prof. Dr. H. Harnisch (Hoechst AG, FrankfurtiMain-Hochst), Prof. Dr. H. Noth (Universitat Munchen), Prof. Dr. H. Offermanns (Degussa AG, FrankfurtiMain), Prof. Dr. G. zu Putlitz (Universitat Heidelberg), Prof. Dr. A. Rabenau (Max-Planck-lnstitut fOr Festkor• perforschung, Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. A. Simon (Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. Dr. A. H. Staab (Prasident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Munchen), Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. G. Wilke (Max-Planck-lnstitut fUr Kohlenforschung, MUlheim/Ruhr)

DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ekkehard Fluck Dr. W. Lippert

CHIEF EDITORS Dr. K.-C. Buschbeck - Dr. H. Bergmann, J. Fussel, H. Hartwig, Dr. H. Katscher, Dr. R. Keirn, Dr. E. Koch, Dipl.-Phys. D. Koschel, Dr. U. Kruerke, Dr. P. Merlet, Dr. E. Schleitzer-Rust, Dr. F. Schroder, Dr. A. Slawisch, Dr. W. Topper

CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF Dr. B. Baker, Dr. V. Haase, Dr. E. F. Hockings, Dipl.-lng. G. Kirschstein, Dr. W. F. McNamara, Dr. K. Rumpf

EMERITUS MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Dr. E. h. Margot Becke

CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Hans Bock Prof. Dr. Dr. Alois Haas, Sc. D. (Cantab.) STAFF GMELIN HANDBOOK Dr. G. Bar, D. Barthel, Dr. N. Baumann, Dr. B. Becker, Dr. W. Behrendt, D. Benzaid, Dr. L. Berg, Dipl.-Chem. E. Best, Dr. R. Bohrer, K. D. Bonn, P. Born-Heck, B. Bost, Dr. R. Braun, Dipl.-Ing. V. A. Chavizon, E. Cloos, Dipl.-Phys. G. Czack, I. Deim, Dipl.-Chem. H. Demmer, U. Dietz, Dipl.• Geol. R. Ditz, R. Dowideit, Dipl.-Chem. M. DroBmar, Dr. D. Duster, U. Duggen, R. Durban, M. Engels, Dr. H.-J. Fachmann, Dr. J. Faust, B. Fischer, G. Funk, Dipl.-Ing. N. Gagel, Dr. U. W. Gerwarth, Dipl.-Phys. D. Gras, Dipl.-Bibl. W. Grieser, Dr. I. Haas, Dr. R. Haubold, B. Heibel, Dipl.-Min. H. Hein, A. Heise-Schuster, H.-P. Hente, H. W. Herold, U. Hettwer, Dr. R. Heumuller, Dr. G. Hones, Dr. W. Hoffmann, Dr. W. Huisl, R. Jonuschat, Dr. R. Jotter, Dr. J. von Jouanne, Dr. B. Kalbskopf, Dipl.-Chem. W. Karl, H.-G. Karrenberg, Dipl.-Phys. H. Keller-Rudek, B. Kirchner, P. Klauck, A. Klusch, Dipl.-Chem. C. Koeppel, Dipl.-Chem. H. Kottelwesch, R. Kolb, E. Kranz, Dipl.-Chem. I. Kreuzbichler, Dr. A. Kubny, Dr. M. Kunz, Dr. W. Kurtz, M. Langer, Dr. U. Lanzendorfer, Dr. B. Leduc, Dr. A. Leonard, H. Mathis, E. Meinhard, C. Metz, K. Meyer, Dr. M. Mirbach, Dipl.-Chem. B. Mohsin, Dr. U. Neu-Becker, K. Noring, Dipl.-Chem. R. Nohl, Dipl.-Min. U. Nohl, Dr. U. Ohms-Bredemann, Dr. W. Petz, I. Rangnow, Dipl.-Phys. H.-J. Richter-Ditten, Dipl.-Chem. H. Rieger, E. Rieth, A. Rosenberger, E. Rudolph, G. Rudolph, Dipl.• Chem. S. Ruprecht, Dr. B. Sarbas, Dr. H. Schafer, Dr. D. Schioberg, V. Schlicht, B. Schmitt, Dipl.-Chem. D. Schneider, Dipl.-Min. P. Schubert, Dr. K. Schucke, A. Schwarzel, Dr. B. Schwa• ger, Dipl.-Ing. H. M. Somer, Dr. C. Strametz, G. Strauss, Dr. G. Swoboda, Dr. U. Taubald, M. Teichmann, Dr. D. Tille, Dipl.-Ing. H. Vanecek, Dipl.-Chem. P. Velie, Dipl.-Ing. U. Vetter, H.-M. Wagner, Dipl.-Phys. J. Wagner, R. Wagner, Dr. E. Warkentin, Dr. C. Weber, Dr. A. Wietel• mann, Dr. M. Winter, Dr. B. Wobke, K. Wolff

STAFF GMELIN ONLINE DATA SYSTEM Dr. P. Kuhn, Dr. G. Olbrich Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry

8th Edition

B Boron Compounds 3rd Supplement Volume 4

Boron and Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te. Carboranes

With 19 illustrations

AUTHORS Gert HeUer, Institut fur Anorganische und AnaLytische Chemie, Freie Universitat Berlin Berlin, FederaL Republic of Germany

Anton MeUer, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universitat G6ttingen G6ttingen, FederaL Republic of Germany

Thomas Onak, Department of Chemistry, CaLifornia State University Los AngeLes, California, USA

EDITORS KarL-Christian Buschbeck, GmeLin-lnstitut, Frankfurt/Main

Kurt Niedenzu, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

System Number 13

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1988 LITERATURE CLOSING DATE: END OF 1984 IN SOME CASES MORE RECENT DATA HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED

Library of Congress catalog card Number: Agr 25-1383

ISBN 978-3-662-06140-4 ISBN 978-3-662-06138-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-06138-1

This work is subject to copyright AU rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustra1ions, broadcas1ing, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc.. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, tha1 such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regula1ions and therefore free for general use. Preface

The present VoLume 4 of "Boron Compounds" 3rd SuppLement concLudes the 3rd suppLe• ment issue on boron compounds, but will be augmented by a separate index voLume for the boron compounds discussed in the four voLumes of this specific suppLement. This 3rd suppLe• ment adds on to the previous voLumes dealing with boron compounds beginning (in paren• theses: Literature cLosing dates) with the Main VoLume (end of 1925), SuppLement VoLume 1 (end of 1949), SuppLement VoLume 2 (end of 1975 for boron carbides, mid-1980 for eLementaL boron), "Boron Compounds" VoLumes 1 to 20 and FormuLa Index, "Boron Compounds" 1st SuppLement (3 voLumes, end of 1977), and "Boron Compounds" 2nd SuppLement (2 voLumes, through 1980). In the 3rd suppLement the Literature is covered uniformLy through 1984. The present voLume contains the description of boron compounds with CL, Br, and I, as weLL as the systems of boron with S, Se, Te, and Po. The finaL chapter describes the carboranes; it contains the description of carboranes as weLL as brief discussions of metaLLacarboranes and a Listing of carborane-containing poLymers. The IUPAC nomencLature is mostly adhered to; occasionaL abbreviations for compounds are expLained in the text. UnLess otherwise noted, a positive sign for the chemical shifts on the NMR signaLs indicates downfieLd from the references: (CH3)4Si for [)'H and [)'3C, (C2H5hO-BF3 for [)"B, aqueous NaN03 for [)'4N, and CFCL3 for [)'9F.

Lexington, Kentucky (USA) Kurt Niedenzu Frankfurt am Main KarL-Christian Buschbeck JuLy 1988 Boron and Boron Compounds in the GmeLin Handbook (Syst. No. 13)

"Bor" (Main VoLume) Historical. Occurrence. The ELement. Compounds of B with H, 0, N, the HaLogens, S, Se, and Te. Literature cLosing date: end of 1925.

"Bor" Occurrence. The ELement. Compounds of B with H, 0, N, the (SuppLement VoLume 1) HaLogens, S, and C. Literature cLosing date: end of 1949.

"Borverbindungen" 1 Boron Nitride. B-N-C HeterocycLes. PoLymeric B-N Compounds. Literature coverage from 1950 up to 1972.

"Borverbindungen" 2 Carboranes, Part 1. NomencLature and Types of Carboranes. Carboranes (without Hetero- and MetaLLocarboranes, and Higher Carboranes). Literature coverage from 1950 up to 1973 or 1970, respectiveLy.

"Borverbindungen" 3 Compounds of B Containing Bonds to S, Se, Te, P, As, Sb, Si, and MetaLs. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1973.

"Borverbindungen" 4 Compounds with IsoLated TrigonaL Boron Atoms and CovaLent Boron• Nitrogen Bonding (Aminoboranes and B-N HeterocycLes). Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1973.

"Borverbindungen" 5 Boron-PyrazoLe. Derivatives and Spectroscopic Studies on TrigonaL B-N Compounds. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1973.

"Borverbindungen" 6 Carboranes, Part 2. Hetero- and MetaLLocarboranes. PoLymeric Carborane Derivatives. ELectronic Properties. Literature coverage from 1950 up to 1974 or 1971, respectiveLy.

"Borverbindungen" 7 Boron Oxides. Boric Acids. Borates. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1973.

"Borverbindungen" 8 The Tetrahydroborate Ion and Its Derivatives. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1974.

"Borverbindungen" 9 Boron-HaLogen Compounds, Part 1. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1974.

"Borverbindungen" 10 Boron Compounds with Coordination Number 4. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.

"Borverbindungen" 11 Carbo ranes, Part 3. Dicarba-c/oscrdodecaboranes. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.

"Borverbindungen" 12 Carboranes, Part 4. Dicarba-c/oscrdodecaboranes. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.

"Borverbindungen" 13 Boron-Oxygen Compounds, Part 1. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975. "Borverbindungen" 14 Boron-Hydrogen Compounds, Part 1. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975. "Borverbindungen" 15 Amine-boranes. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.

"Borverbindungen" 16 Boron-Oxygen Compounds, Part 2. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1975.

"Borverbindungen" 17 Borazine and Its Derivatives. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1976.

"Borverbindungen" 18 Boron-Hydrogen Compounds, Part 2. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1976. "Borverbindungen" 19 Boron-Halogen Compounds, Part 2. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1976.

"Borverbindungen" 20 Boron-Hydrogen Compounds, Part 3. Literature coverage from 1950 to the end of 1976.

"Boron Compounds" Formula Index (for the volumes "Borverbindungen" 1 to 20).

"Boron Compounds" Boron and Rare Gases. Boron and Hydrogen. 1st Suppl. Vol. 1 Boron and Oxygen Literature coverage through 1977.

"Boron Compounds" Boron and Nitrogen, Boron and Halogens. 1st Suppl. Vol. 2 Literature coverage through 1977.

"Boron Compounds" Boron and Chalcogens. Carboranes. 1st Suppl. Vol. 3 Formula Index for 1st Suppl. Vol. 1 to 3. Literature coverage through 1977.

"Boron Compounds" Boron and Noble Gases. Boron and Hydrogen. Boron and Oxygen. 2nd Suppl. Vol. 1 Boron and Nitrogen. Formula Index. Literature coverage through 1980. "Boron Compounds" Boron and Halogens. Boron and Chalcogens. Carboranes. 2nd Suppl. Vol. 2 Formula Index. Literature coverage through 1980.

"Boron Compounds" Boron and Hydrogen 3rd Suppl. Vol. 1 Literature coverage through 1984.

"Boron Compounds" Boron and Oxygen 3rd Suppl. Vol. 2 Literature coverage through 1984.

"Boron Compounds" Boron and Nitrogen, Boron and Fluorine - 1988 3rd Suppl. Vol. 3 Literature coverage through 1984.

"Boron Compounds" Boron and Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te. Carboranes - 1988 (present volume) 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4 Literature coverage through 1984. XIII

Table of Contents Page 6 The System Boron-Chlorine ...... 1

6.1 Binary Species ......

6.1.1 BCl and BCl2 •••.••••••••••••••••.•••.••••••..•••••...••••••••..•.•.. 1

6.1.2 Trichloroborane, BCl3 •.•.•..•••....•.••...... 3 Preparation, Purification, Isotope Separation ...... 3 Physical Data ...... •...... 5 Chemical Behavior ...... 13 Light-Induced Reactions...... 13 Reactions with Gases in Chemical Vapor Depositions...... 14 Reactions with Inorganic Materials ...... 15 Trichloroborane in Dry Etching Processes (Plasma Etching, Reactive Ion Etching) ...... 16 Reactions with Organometallic and Organic Materials ...... 17 Trichloroborane as Polymerization Catalyst ...... 18 Additional Applications of BCl3 ...... •..... 19 Analytical and Environmental Information ...... 19

6.1.3 Adducts of BCl3 with Nitrogen Donors ...... 32

6.1.4 Adducts of BCl3 with Oxygen Donors ...... 32

6.1.5 The Tetrachloroborate lon, [BCl4r ...... 33 6.1.6 Additional Binary Species ...... 34

6.2 With Hydrogen ...... ,...... 35

6.2.1 Dichloroborane, HBCl2, and Its Adducts ...... 35

6.2.2 Monochloroborane, H2BCl, and Its Adducts ...... 37 6.2.3 Additional Species ...... 38 6.2.4 (Organyl)chloroboranes ...... 39

(Organyl)dichloroboranes, RBCl2 ••••.••••.•.••••••••••••.•••••...•••..••..• 39 (Diorganyl)chloroboranes, R2BCl ...... 42 SpeCies Containing Two BCl Groups...... 45

6.3 With Oxygen ...... 48

6.4 With Nitrogen ...... 53 6.4.1 (Monoamino)chloroboranes and Related Species...... 53

Species Containing BCl2 Groups...... 53 Species Containing BCl Groups ...... 55 6.4.2 Bis(amino)chloroboranes ...... 58 6.4.3 Boron-Nitrogen Heterocycles ...... 60 Chloroborazines and Their Derivatives ...... 60 Additional Boron-Nitrogen Heterocycles ...... 61 6.4.4 Chloroboranes Containing B-O and B-N Bonds ...... 61 6.4.5 Ionic Species 62

Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4 XIV

Page 6.5 With Fluorine ...... 64 Mixed Trihaloborane Adducts with 0 and N Donors 64

7 The System Boron-Bromine ...... 71

7.1 Binary Species ...... 71 7.1.1 BBrandBBr2 ...... 71 7.1.2 Tribromoborane, BBr3 ...... 71 Preparation and Physical Data ...... 71 Chemical Behavior ...... 73 Chemical Vapor Deposition and Related Phenomena ...... 73 Reactions with Inorganic Materials ...... 74 Reactions with Organometallic and Organic Materials ...... 75 Selected Adducts of BBr3 with Lewis Bases ...... 76

7.1.3 The Tetrabromoborate lon, [BBr41- ...... 78 7.1.4 Additional Binary Species ...... 79

7.2 With Hydrogen ...... 83

7.3 (Organyl)bromoboranes ...... 84 7.3.1 (Organyl)dibromoboranes, RBBr2 ...... 84 7.3.2 (Organyl)(bromo)hydroboranes, RBHBr ...... 86 7.3.3 (Diorganyl)bromoboranes, R2BBr ...... 87

7.4 With Oxygen ...... 91

7.5 With Nitrogen ...... 91

7.6 With Nitrogen and Oxygen ...... 95

7.7 With Halogen ...... 95

8 The System Boron-Iodine ...... 98

8.1 Binary Species ...... 98 8.1.1 BI and BI2 ...... 98 8.1.2 Triiodoborane, B13, and Its Adducts with Lewis Bases ...... 98 Structural and Physical Data ...... 98 Chemical Behavior ...... 99 8.1.3 Additional Binary Species ...... 100

8.2 With Hydrogen ...... 100

8.3 Organyliodoboranes ...... 100

8.4 With Oxygen 100

Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4 xv

Page 8.5 With Nitrogen ...... 100

8.6 With Halogens ...... 101

9 The System Boron-Sulfur ...... 103

9.1 General Remarks ...... 103

9.2 Binary Species ...... 103 9.2.1 Neutral Compounds ...... 103 9.2.2 Ionic Species ...... 108

9.3 With Hydrogen (or Organyl Groups) ...... 110

9.3.1 HBS, DBS, and CH 3BS ...... 110 9.3.2 Tris(organylthio)boranes, B(SRh ...... 110 9.3.3 Organylbis(organylthio)boranes, RB(SR'h ...... 110

9.3.4 (Organylthio)diorganylboranes, R2BSR' ...... 111 9.3.5 Metathioboric Acid, (-BSH-8-h ...... 111 9.3.6 Boron-Sulfur Heterocycles ...... 111 9.3.7 Heterocycles Containing Annular Carbon...... 112 9.3.8 Borane Adducts with Sulfur Donor Molecules ...... 116 9.3.9 Ionic Species ...... 116

9.4 With Oxygen ...... 119 9.4.1 Adducts ...... 119 9.4.2 HOBS and Related Species ...... 119 9.4.3 3, 5-Diorganyloxy-1, 2, 4-trithia-3, 5-diborolanes ...... 119 9.4.4 Heterocycles Containing Annular Carbon...... 120 9.4.5 Compounds without B-S Bonds ...... 121 9.4.6 Sulfatoboric Acids and Sulfonatoborates ...... 121

9.5 With Nitrogen ...... 122 9.5.1 Compounds Containing B-N and B-S Bonds...... 122 9.5.2 Heterocycles Containing Annular Carbon, Boron, and Sulfur...... 124 9.5.3 B-N Heterocycles with Exocyclic Sulfur...... 129 9.5.4 Compounds without a B-S Bond...... 130 9.5.5 Ionic Species ...... 132

9.6 Compounds Containing B, S, N, and 0 ...... 133 9.6.1 Compounds with a B-S Bond ...... 133 9.6.2 Compounds without a B-S Bond...... 134

Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4 XVI

Page 9.6.3 Ionic Species ...... 135

9.7 With Halogen ...... 135 9.7.1 Ternary Systems ...... 135 9.7.2 Hydrogen and Organic Derivatives ...... 136 9.7.3 8-S Heterocycles Containing Boron-Bonded Halogen ...... 138 9.7.4 Halogenated 8-S Heterocycles Containing Annular Carbon...... 138 9.7.5 Ionic Species...... 140 9.7.6 With Oxygen ...... 142 9.7.7 With Nitrogen ...... 143 8-S-N Heterocycles ...... 143 Heterocycles Containing no Annular Sulfur...... 145 Compounds without a B-S Bond...... 145

10 The System Boron-Selenium ...... 147

10.1 Boron Selenides ...... 147

10.2 Tris(organylseleno)boranes ...... 147

10.3 Selenonium Tetrafluoroborates 147

11 The System Boron-Tellurium ...... 150

11.1 Boron Telluride, BTe ...... 150

11.2 Tris(pentafluorotelluro)borate and Derivatives...... 150

11.3 Telluronium Tetrafluoroborates 150

12 The System Boron-Polonium 152

13 Carboranes ...... 153

13.1 Reviews and Nomenclature...... 153

13.2 Carboranes Containing One Boron Atom...... 155

13.3 Carboranes Containing Two Boron Atoms...... 155

13.4 Carboranes Containing Three Boron Atoms...... 158

13.5 Carboranes Containing Four Boron Atoms ...... 160 13.5.1 The [CB4Hs13- Anion ...... 160 13.5.2 C2B4Hs and Derivatives 160 13.5.3 C2B4Ha and Derivatives 161

Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4 XVII

Page 13.5.4 Metallacarboranes Containing Four Boron Atoms...... 162

13.6 Carboranes Containing Five Boron Atoms...... 164 13.6.1 CBsH7' CBsHg, 3,4-1l-(CH3hN-CBsH11 , and Related Compounds...... 164 13.6.2 C2BSH7 and Derivatives ...... 165 13.6.3 Metallacarboranes Containing Five Boron Atoms...... 169

13.7 Carboranes Containing Six Boron Atoms ..... '" ...... 169

13.8 Carboranes Containing Seven Boron Atoms ...... 171 13.8.1 Carboranes ...... 171 13.8.2 Metallacarboranes Containing Seven Boron Atoms ...... 174

13.9 Carboranes Containing Eight Boron Atoms ...... 175 13.9.1 Compounds Containing Eight Boron Atoms and One Cage Carbon Atom ..... 175 13.9.2 Compounds Containing Eight Boron Atoms and Two Cage Carbon Atoms 176 13.9.3 Compounds Containing Eight Boron Atoms and Four or More Cage Carbon Atoms ...... 178

13.10 Carboranes Containing Nine Boron Atoms ...... 180 13.10.1 Monocarbon Cage Compounds Containing Nine Boron Atoms...... 180 13.10.2 C2BgH13, [C2BgH12r, [C2BgH11F-, and Related Compounds...... 181 13.10.3 Additional Carboranes with Nine Boron Atoms ...... 183 13.10.4 Metallacarboranes and Related Compounds Containing Nine Boron Atoms .. 184

13.11 Carboranes Containing Ten Boron Atoms...... 188 13.11.1 [CB1oH131- and Derivatives...... 188 13.11.2 1,2-C2B10H12 and Derivatives...... 189 1,2-C2B1OH12 ...... 189 Halogen Derivatives of 1,2-C2B10H12 ...... 190 Sulfur Derivatives of 1, 2-C2B1OH12 ...... 191 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Derivatives of 1, 2-C2B1OH12 ...... 191 1, 2-C2B10H12 Derivatives Having a Substituent with a Carbon Atom Attached to the Carborane Cage ...... 192 Si, Sn, Ge, Hg, n, Ni, and lr Derivatives of 1, 2-C2B10H12 ...... 198 Additional Derivatives of 1, 2-C2B10H12 ...... 198 13.11.3 1,7-C2B10H12 and Derivatives ...... 214 13.11.4 1,12-C2B1OH12 and Derivatives ...... 228

13.11.5 Polymers Containing C2B10Hx Groups...... 231 13.11.6 Other Carborane Compounds Containing a Total of Ten Boron Atoms...... 241

13.12 Carboranes Containing 11 Boron Atoms ...... 242

13.13 Carborane Derivatives Containing 12 Boron Atoms...... 243

Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol.4 XVIII

Page 13.14 Carborane Derivatives Containing 13 Boron Atoms...... 243

13.15 Carborane Derivatives Containing 16 Boron Atoms...... 243

13.16 Carborane Compounds Containing 18 Boron Atoms ...... 243

13.17 Carboranes Containing 19 Boron Atoms ...... 246

13.18 Carborane Derivatives Containing 20 Boron Atoms...... 247

13.19 Carborane Derivatives Containing 26 Boron Atoms...... 252

13.20 Carborane Derivatives Containing 30 Boron Atoms ...... 252

13.21 Carborane Derivatives Containing 34 Boron Atoms ...... 253

13.22 Carboranes Containing 40 Boron Atoms ...... 254

13.23 Carborane Derivatives Containing 42 Boron Atoms...... 254

Physical Constants and Conversion Factors ...... 255

Gmelin Handbook B 3rd Suppl. Vol. 4