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Annali Di Storia Delle Università Italiane ANNALI DI STORIA DELLE UNIVERSITÀ ITALIANE Comitato di direzione:Girolamo Arnaldi, Gian Paolo Brizzi (coord.), Piero Del Negro (coord.), Domenico Maffei, Antonello Mattone, Aldo Mazzacane, Giuliano Pancaldi, Andrea Romano Comitato scientifico: Rinaldo Bertolino, Patrizia Castelli, Giuliano Catoni, Giuseppe Catturi, Francesco Conconi, Ester De Fort, Primo Di Attilio, Gianfranco Fioravanti, Giuseppina Fois, Roberto Greci, Alessandro Maida, Danilo Marrara, Giovanni Marchesini, Luciano Modica, Simona Negruzzo, Daniela Novarese, Gino Ferretti, Giorgio Orlandi, Cesare Pecile, Luigi Pepe, Antonio I. Pini, Marina Roggero, Pier Ugo Calzolari, Luciano Russi, Roberto Schmid, Gaetano Silvestri, M. Teresa Tesoro, Piero Tosi, Francesco Traniello Redazione: Cristina Gaspodini Direttore responsabile: Gian Paolo Brizzi Autorizzazione del Tribunale Civile di Bologna n. 6815 del 5/6/98 Gli «Annali di Storia delle università italiane» sono una pubblicazione periodi- ca a cadenza annuale. Gli «Annali» si propongono come punto di incontro, di discussione e di informazione per quanti, pur nella diversità degli approcci storiografici e nella molteplicità dei settori disciplinari di appartenenza, si oc- cupano di temi relativi alla storia delle università italiane. La rivista è espressione del “Centro interuniversitario per la storia delle uni- versità italiane” (CISUI), cui aderiscono attualmente gli atenei di Bologna, Fer- rara, Messina, Padova, Pavia, Parma, Pisa, Sassari, Siena, Teramo, Torino. Il CISUI ha la propria sede presso l’Università di Bologna: Centro interuniversi- tario per la storia delle università italiane, via Galliera 3, 40121 Bologna. tel. +39+051+238602; tel/fax +39+051+223826; e-mail: [email protected]; indirizzo internet: www.unibo.it/cisui Corrispondenza redazionale: «Annali di storia delle università italiane», CP 5532, 40134 Bologna 22 Abbonamenti e acquisti: CLUEB, via Marsala 31, 40126 Bologna Copyright: tutti i diritti sono riservati. È vietata la riproduzione, anche parzia- le, con qualsiasi mezzo effettuata, compresa la fotocopia, anche ad uso interno o didattico, non espressamente autorizzata dalla Redazione della rivista. © 2000 CLUEB, via Marsala 31, 40126 Bologna e Centro interuniversitario per la storia delle università italiane, via Galliera 3, 40121 Bologna Annali di storia delle università italiane Annali di storia delle università italiane 4/2000 INDICE 7 ILPUNTO 9ANDREA CAMMELLI, Contare gli studenti. Statistica e popolazione stu- dentesca dall’Unità ad oggi 25 STUDI 27 LUCIA ALMA BRACONI, Materiali d’archivio per la storia del Collegio me- dico romano nel Seicento e nel Settecento 39 GIOVANNI RITA, Decadenza di studi e di costumi nella Sapienza pontifi- cia. Da alcuni memoriali dei secoli XVII-XIX 63 PAOLO ALVAZZI DEL FRATE, Tra diritto comune e codice: la Facoltà di giu- risprudenza della Sapienza nel periodo napoleonico 77 LAURA MOSCATI, La Facoltà legale e la scienza giuridica della Restaura- zione 95 VINCENZO DI GIOIA, L’insediamento universitario a Roma. Dall’Unità ita- liana alla città universitaria (1870-1935) 121 FONTI 123 ALESSANDRO LEONCINI, I simboli dell’Università di Siena 139 ELISA SIGNORI, Una peregrinatio academica in età contemporanea. Gli studenti ebrei stranieri nelle università italiane tra le due guerre 163 MARINA ZUCCOLI, Guido Horn d’Arturo: un astronomo e la sua biblio- teca 173 ARCHIVI, BIBLIOTECHE, MUSEI 175 ALESSANDRO CEREGATO-DANIELE SCARPONI, Il Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini 179 MARIA CECILIA GHETTI, Biblioteca del Centro per la storia dell’Universi- tà di Padova 183 RASSEGNE, RECENSIONI, SCHEDE 185 Recensioni ANNA ANDREONI-PAOLA DEMURU, La Facoltà politico legale dell’Universi- tà di Pavia nella Restaurazione (1815-1848). Docenti e studenti (GIAN PAOLO BRIZZI), p. 185; Catalogo delle riviste studentesche, a cura di NORA DE GIACOMO-GIOVANNI ORSINA-GAETANO QUAGLIARIELLO (GIUSEPPINA FOIS), p. 186; Dalla Regia Scuola Superiore Navale alla Facoltà di Inge- 5 gneria 1870-1935, a cura di ANSELMO MARCENARO-M. ELISABETTA TONIZ- ZI (GIAN CARLO CALCAGNO), p. 188; IGNACIO GONZALES-VARAS IBANEZ, Die- tro il muro del Collegio di Spagna (RITA BINAGHI), p. 190; GUARNERIUS IURISPERITISSIMUS, Liber Divinarum Sententiarum, edizione critica a cu- ra di GIUSEPPE MAZZANTI, prefazione di ANTONIO PADOA SCHIOPPA (NICO- LETTA SARTI), p. 192; La Matricola / Die Matrikel 1573-1602, 1707- 1727, a cura di (herausgegeben von) MARIA LUISA ACCORSI, con la colla- borazione di (unter mitwirkung von) CLAUDIA ZONTA (ATTILIO BARTOLI LANGELI-LAURA MARCONI), p. 193; ALDO A. MOLA, Corda Fratres. Storia di una associazione internazionale studentesca nell’età dei grandi conflit- ti 1898-1948 (ELISA SIGNORI), p. 197; «Quaderni di storia dell’Università di Torino», 2 (1997-1998) (MASSIMO DONATTINI), p. 199; JACQUES VERGER, Gli uomini di cultura nel Medioevo (MARIA GIUSEPPINA MUZZA- RELLI), p. 200 203 Schede 225 NOTIZIARIO 227 Convegni, seminari, incontri di studio 234 Attività e progetti 245 Tesi 249 Varia 6 Il punto Andrea Cammelli CONTARE GLI STUDENTI. STATISTICA E POPOLAZIONE STUDENTESCA DALL’UNITÀ AD OGGI o credo che […] per il proseguimento, in generale, degli studi po- litici e sociali, mi tornerebbe utilissimo il rimanere per qualche «Itempo occupato presso la Direzione della Statistica: sono persuaso che io mi avvezzerei così alle indagini severe e precise, acquisterei pra- tica colle pubblicazioni straniere e, vantaggio grande per me, potrei va- lermi di savi consigli ed insegnamenti». Così, scriveva nel giugno del 1882, Augusto Bosco, un giovane della piccola aristocrazia piemontese, all’amico di famiglia Paolo Boselli per domandargli di intercedere pres- so Luigi Bodio, all’epoca alla guida della Direzione generale della stati- stica1. Era l’inizio di quella che verrà ricordata come la stagione d’oro della statistica italiana quando, grazie anche alla formidabile sinergia di uomini, risorse e provvedimenti normativi, si andava organizzando al pari degli altri paesi europei un prestigioso ufficio di statistica. Un’e- sperienza, purtroppo, destinata a durare appena un quindicennio: dopo iniziò il declino, con il progressivo ridursi delle risorse, la conseguente perdita di autorevolezza, il perdurare – almeno fino alla metà degli anni venti del Novecento – di una lunga fase di incertezza normativa ed or- ganizzativa2. Anche alla luce di questo lungo processo storico, per quasi tutto il XIX secolo e per gli anni iniziali del successivo le possibilità e le poten- zialità della storia quantitativa rimangono severamente circoscritte al grado di sviluppo raggiunto dai sistemi informativi dell’organizzazione di statistica ufficiale. Per quanto riguarda, poi, l’approfondimento dei tratti caratteristici della popolazione studentesca universitaria, i possi- bili ambiti di indagine e le ipotesi di lavoro restano vincolate alle reali capacità del tempo di percepire i fenomeni, pianificare e condurre le ri- levazioni statistiche, elaborarne i dati e diffondere i risultati. Se dun- que, da una parte, contenuti, qualità e ricchezza delle fonti delimitano i possibili territori di indagine, parallelamente pongono l’esigenza di non sottovalutare lo studio dell’evoluzione storica degli organismi preposti alla produzione di statistiche e dati ufficiali. Ci occuperemo in questa breve nota delle fonti statistiche di origine esclusivamente ufficiale così come si sono succedute nel tempo: la Di- rezione generale della statistica, l’Istituto centrale di statistica del Re- 1 Dizionario biografico degli italiani, XVIII, gno d’Italia, l’Istat. Tralasceremo, per tanto, tutte le altre fonti esterne Roma, Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana, al sistema statistico ufficiale, come annuari di singoli atenei o altre pub- 1971, citato in GUIDO MELIS, Storia dell’am- blicazioni simili. ministrazione italiana, 1861-1993, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1996, p. 160-161. 2 DORA MARUCCO, L’amministrazione della statistica nell’Italia unita, Roma, Editori La- terza, 1996. 9 Annali di storia delle università italiane 4/2000 A. Cammelli Dal periodo post-unitario agli anni d’oro Già all’indomani dell’unificazione, gli organi di governo avvertirono im- mediatamente la necessità di dare il necessario supporto all’elaborazio- ne di statistiche e dati riguardanti i più cruciali aspetti della vita del Paese. Con il decreto n. 294 del 1861, fu istituita presso il Ministero d’a- gricoltura una Divisione di statistica generale con autorità di Direzione autonoma, alle dipendenze dirette del ministro. Nei successivi dieci an- ni, nonostante la Direzione avesse portato a termine il primo censimen- to della popolazione, pubblicato i dati del movimento demografico ed impostato alcune importanti indagini economiche, ancora la maggior parte dei lavori statistici non era stata condotta sotto la responsabilità dell’Ufficio centrale. Non a caso, nel 1865, la prima indagine Sulle con- dizioni della pubblica istruzione nel Regno d’Italia3 ebbe come autore il Consiglio superiore della pubblica istruzione. La relazione, pur non avendo finalità immediatamente statistiche, riportava i dati riguardanti il sistema universitario italiano per l’anno accademico 1863-64 ed i pre- cedenti. Il lavoro si limitava a presentare alcuni semplici prospetti ri- guardanti gli studenti, appena distinti per università di iscrizione4. Non era riportata alcuna informazione riguardante gli anni di corso frequen- tati né il sesso degli studenti visto che l’accesso delle donne all’istruzio- ne universitaria è ufficialmente sancito solo dal 1874; inoltre, figurava- no soltanto le notizie riassuntive
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