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APPENDIX a Detailed Report on 1978.14.A.IND J & E Wood Horizontal Tandem Compound Steam Engine Page 1 of 9

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APPENDIX a Detailed Report on 1978.14.A.IND J & E Wood Horizontal Tandem Compound Steam Engine Page 1 of 9 APPENDIX A Detailed report on 1978.14.A.IND J & E Wood horizontal tandem compound steam engine Page 1 of 9 Acquisition details The engine was brought to the attention of Bolton Museum by a Mr P Williams, who was acting in a private capacity in conjunction with George Drake, a member of the Yorkshire branch of the Northern Mill Engine Society (NMES). Beamish Museum expressed brief interest in acquiring the engine, but eventually collected a similar Hick Hargreaves engine instead. Just over £7500 was spent on the purchase, dismantling and transport of the engine in 1978. The purchase price was £1500, from Sona Consultants Ltd. A further £5900.75 was spent on dismantling and transporting the engine to the museum offsite store at Dean Mills, Barrow Bridge. This was undertaken by Thomas Mitchell & Sons of Bolton. £1875 was awarded from Greater Manchester Council towards the project, with a further £3700 awarded from the PRISM fund. The remaining balance was paid for from the museum acquisition budget. History The engine served its working life at J. Beaumont & Son, Woodland Mills in Huddersfield. It worked there continuously until not long before it’s acquisition by Bolton Museum in 1978. The engine was made in Bolton by John and Edward (J & E) Wood. J & E Wood were founded in the 1830’s, and based at the Victoria Foundry in Bolton. They were early makers of horizontal steam engines as opposed to Page 2 of 9 beam and vertical types of engines, and produced something like 700 engines throughout their history. They were (along with Hick Hargreaves & Co and John Musgraves) Bolton’s biggest steam engine manufacturers, well known nationally for their engines. Along with Hick Hargreaves and Musgraves, J & E Wood were pioneer users of the Corliss valve in England (thought to be first introduced in 1863 from the USA by Hick Hargreaves J & E Wood patented double-ported Corliss valves in 1867, and fitted Corliss valves on all their engines from 1875). This valve-gear was at the time unbeatable for economy and performance and was capable of very fine speed governing, ideal for textile mills. A characteristic J & E Wood design feature was to incorporate the Corliss valve on the underside of the cylinders rather then on the top, which gave the engine a more aesthetically pleasing appearance. HicK Hargreaves and Musgraves also used the Corliss valve on their engines. The Corliss valve was gradually taken up by many British engine engineers. The Corliss valve was eventually bettered in later years by the advent of the German designed drop-valves for superheated steam. Musgraves were pioneers users of this system in 1903. Musgraves were also the first firm to build uniflow engines in 1909. The engine is a tandem compound mill engine, of the horizontal type. This is probably the most common design of mill engine, with both the high and low pressure cylinders on a common piston rod driving a single crank. The horizontal engine became the standard form well into the 20th century. This particular engine incorporates Corliss valves on the underside of the low and high pressure cylinders, as was characteristic of J&E Wood designs. The engine is unusual in having the LP cylinder at the rear (usually the smaller and lighter HP cylinder is in this position, although this was down to the whim of individual designers). Other J & E Wood Engines This engine is the only example of an engine made by J & E Wood left in Bolton, and one of three J & E Wood engines (of around 700 that were made) known to survive. The two others are also located in Lancashire - in Wigan and Blackburn. The engine in Wigan is at Trencherfield Mill, at Wigan Pier. This engine is preserved in its original engine house. £600,000 was spent on restoration in 2003/4, including around £370,000 from the HLF. It is operational and steam powered. This engine is much larger then the museum’s engine, operating at 2,500 horsepower, and is a triple expansion type (with four cylinders – a high, an intermediate, and two low pressure). The third engine is on static display outside India Mills in Blackburn. This engine is very similar in design and specifications to the engine at Bolton Museum, except that it a cross compound rather then tandem compound, meaning that the cylinders are located side to side instead of one behind the other. Page 3 of 9 Trencherfield Mill, Wigan outside India Mills, Blackburn Date made Cylinder flywheel RPM Horsepower size (inches) Trencherfield 1907 68 2500 India Mills 1905 HP19, LP32 15ft diameter 75 450 Bolton 1903 HP16, LP29 18ft diameter 67 350 Museum Other steam engines in Bolton . An inverted single cylinder engine made by Hick Hargreaves is preserved in a glass case in Oxford Street, where it is turned via an electric motor. This is owned and maintained by Bolton Council. A small vertical engine made by T Crook & Son of Bolton is in the collections of Bolton Museum. It is currently in storage. Around 27 steam powered engines at Bolton Steam Museum. This includes two Bolton made engines by Musgraves – a two cylinder inverted vertical compound design (thought to be the only surviving one of its type in the world), and a small barring engine (transferred from Bolton Museum). There are also steam engines in other museum locations near the Bolton area, for example at MOSI, Queen Street Textile Museum (Burnley), Elland Road Mill (Rochdale) to name a few. Condition At the time of collection in 1978, the engine was referred to as “not only of excellent quality but in original and unaltered condition, retaining many fittings usually replaced. It has been beautifully maintained and is a credit to the former mill engineer”. Since collection it has been in a dismantled state, and has been transferred from the Dean Mills store to the current offsite store at Bolton Enterprise Centre (Lincoln Mill). Whilst at Dean Mill, some of the bearings (including the main bearings) were stolen. Page 4 of 9 The metalwork looks to be in good condition but would need to be steam cleaned and repainted. The engine really needs a more detailed condition report and a definitive inventory of parts accounted for and missing. Plans for redisplay There have been several industrial history museum proposals for Bolton since the late 1970s, which were to include the steam engine. After the Barrow Bridge Dean Mills scheme fell through, a museum was proposed at Moscrops Lion Oil Works in Bolton town centre, but this scheme was scrapped in the early 1990s. The last serious proposal was for a museum to be located in the disused warehouse next to the Bolton Steam Museum on the Atlas Mills site, but this too was cancelled around 2003. Redisplaying the engine would need an appropriate site. The floor would need to be able to take the weight of the engine parts. Pits would need to be constructed to take the bottom half of the flywheel, and the air pump and condenser unit (see diagrams). But if the engine is to be turned by electric motor instead of steam, then there is no advantage to installing this part of the engine (this would save on the construction of an additional pit). If the engine was to be installed as a static display, then again there would be no advantage to installing this part of the engine. John Phillps from NMES has estimated that the total cost of transport, restoration, reassemble, replacement of missing parts etc could exceed £250,000. ASSESSMENT USING DISPOSAL CRITERIA Significance The engine can be said to have some historic value. It is an excellent example of its type – a horizontal tandem compound stationary steam engine made in the first decade of the twentieth century. In terms of rarity, there are two levels off analysis. Firstly, as a J & E Wood engine. As one of only three from 700 J&E Wood engines known to survive, the engine can certainly be called rare. But J&E Wood were one of hundreds of steam engine manufacturers from across the country. It is worth noting that the two other engines are also located in Lancashire, not far from Bolton. Both of the other engines were made at a similar time, and indeed the India Mills engine is very similar in type and dimensions, although it may not be complete as some of the parts may not have been preserved with the engine being on static display. As a steam engine of its type, it is an excellent example, but by no means unique. Horizontal compound steam engines were by far the most common type of engine built, and there are lots of examples preserved around the country (see Hayes G, 1981, “A Guide to Stationary Steam Engines”). Some Page 5 of 9 of these examples incorporate types of Corliss valve. For example, Bolton Steam Museum has a horizontal tandem compound engine of similar dimensions that incorporates Corliss valves on the high pressure cylinder. The placing of the LP cylinder at the rear of the engine is slightly unusual, but there are other engines in museum collections with this feature (for example, at Forncett industrial Steam Museum in Norfolk) Relevance The engine is Bolton made and so has an obvious local connection. Bolton was well known for steam engine manufacture, although Hick Hargreaves was always the better known of the three main steam engine makers. Engineering was second only to cotton spinning as an employer in Bolton. Bolton steam engines were used in mills and industrial sites across the country and around the world.
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