DOCSLIB.ORG

Pragmatic Social Justice: a Conceptual Framework for Practitioners Eric Hogan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pragmatic Social Justice: a Conceptual Framework for Practitioners Eric Hogan Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism 25.1 (2017) 43–52 ISSN 1522-7340 (print) ISSN 2052-8388 (online) https://doi.org/10.1558/eph.33216 Pragmatic Social Justice: A Conceptual Framework for Practitioners Eric Hogan Auburn University [email protected] Abstract To better understand engagement, I offer a perspective of social justice that understands context and history. Tying in pragmatism into social justice is a foundational step to better understand the inner working of a community. We must acknowledge we can change the environment, have dialogue and actively reflect, and understand what works one place might not work some- where else. In this article, the notions of pragmatism and social justice are discussed. Following is a building of a pragmatic social justice framework. This notion is in support to how practitioners can potentially engage in prag- matic social justice. Keywords Pragmatism, social Justice, participatory democracy Situated between idealistic and realistic, we as practitioners need to reflect on how to engage with community. Many talk about being fighters for social justice. In this discussion, I offer an insight on how to further appreciate being a social justice advocate. I formally attempt to link the concept of social justice with the philosophical tradition of pragmatism. It should be noted that both social justice and pragmatism are too great of concepts to discuss in a paper. They are too great that there is not an agreed upon defi- nition for either; only certain defining features that attempt to better under- stand. I begin this paper discussing the philosophical tradition of pragma- tism and outline its historical roots and foundational concepts. I then briefly discuss the notion of social justice, explicitly how I have become familiar. Following that is a discussion on the conceptual framework of pragmatic social justice. The pragmatic social justice lens is one that appreciates the foundational concepts of pragmatism embedded in social justice. It is my hope this is able to link the concepts for current and future practitioners, regardless of field. I believe a better appreciation for the concepts can lend itself to positive social change. © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2017, Office 415, The Workstation, 15 Paternoster Row, Sheffield, S1 2BX 44 Pragmatic Social Justice: Pragmatism Pragmatism concentrates on whether knowledge is useful, or rather, whether it can guide behavior that produces anticipated outcomes (Morgan, 2014a, Morgan 2014b; Tashakori and Teddlie 2010). Or better stated, pragmatism recognizes knowledge comes from taking action and learning from those out- comes. Initially pragmatism acted as a way to relieve the tension between empiricism and rationalism. Empiricism used experiences to justify truth, while rational- ism used intuition (Hookway 2015). The notion of pragmatism bridged the gap between mind or rationalism and body or empiricism (Hookway 2015). Where rationalism and empiricism looked to determine truth, pragmatism looked to determine practical notions; i.e. accepting practical consequences and not accepting unpractical ones (McDermid 2006). Pragmatism then, has three assumptions: 1) there is no mind/body split, 2) there is an active mind, and 3) is based on functionalism (Hookway 2015). The mind is present espe- cially in inquiry (Dewey 1896; James 1909). To understand pragmatism, there needs to be an understanding that what- ever action(s) taken is (are) rooted in human experience and occurs within historical and cultural contexts and certain behaviors have practical outcomes for each individual (Morgan 2014). With a criticism of skepticism, pragma- tism argued not for a complete denial of all beliefs, but an understanding that some beliefs work better given the context (McDermid 2006). As James said “We have to live today by what truth we can get today and be ready tomor- row to call it falsehood” (1907) This helped establish the notion of fallibility. Fallibility suggests nothing can truly be known when the world is constantly changing (James 1907). Some ideas will work better than others and it is our job to determine the most effective strategies. Programs need to constantly adapt to better understand the changing culture. A fine example of this is lan- guage use and its appreciation towards more inclusive language as subjugated population are better understood. To this end though, theories can be relied upon time and again to solve pressing problems and to clear up significant difficulties. To the extent a theory functions practically, makes sense to keep using it, but there always must be the possibility that it will eventually have to be replaced by some theory that works better (Hookway 2015; McDermid 2006). These historical and cultural contexts are relevant to the members’ value beliefs rooted in what has come before working with any program. Acknowl- edging these contexts with each member allows for mutual learning to occur, leading to an appreciation as to what each member brings to the table; thus having the most efficiently and practically run program. Collaboration is important in this understanding. A key point in pragmatism is the notion © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2017 Eric Hogan 45 of dialogue across parties (Tashakori and Teddlie 2010; Morgan, 2014). Dia- logue is a communicative process that allows for all parties to provide insights from people’s history for the outcomes and goals of the project, directly align- ing with pragmatism. This notion is a framework that allows for research and engagement to build onto itself. This builds into the concept of inquiry, which will also be discussed under the pragmatic social justice lens. Social justice Social justice is a concept advocating for human rights. An agreed upon notion of this broad concept acknowledges social inequalities and how certain populations suffer at the expense of these inequalities (Adams 2013). A social justice framework also recognizes that the ones with power can often times oppress those, even unintentionally, through exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence (Young 2013). Engaging in a social justice framework appreciates that power differences exist because of certain social structures. There has to be an awareness that marginalized pop- ulations often times have more challenges that have been constructed in a historical context. This understanding of history can produce positive change. The social justice concept gets tough though when trying to balance the ten- sion between acknowledge a person’s difference and his or her similarities. To understand and appreciate social justice, it has to be understood in terms of both a process and a goal. It is a process because of the very evolutionary nature of society. As society changes, so too should the principles associated. If any political movement stops fighting, the movement ceases. Social justice is a goal because there needs to be something to strive for, something to want to achieve. In the constant changing environment however, the previous goals build a foundation for newer goals. There is always work that can be done for those that have limited power. Just like in research, answering one question creates more questions. Accomplishing one goal, allows more difficult attaina- ble goals to start be accomplished. It is an infinite number of dominoes falling after each other. Good intentions are needed in advocacy, but good intentions are limited without an appreciation for the given population. The concept of social justice is presented below in an applied format, as social justice can only exist when there is application. Pragmatic social justice as a conceptual framework After introducing pragmatism as a philosophical framework and social jus- tice as a theoretical framework, I now turn to the notion of pragmatic social justice. This section will focus on how pragmatism is used when attempting to engage in social justice. It is intended to move beyond simply good inten- tions. Social justice advocates understand there are problems in the world that create disadvantage to certain populations (Adams 2013; Young 2013). © Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2017 46 Pragmatic Social Justice: If these issues are ever to be resolved, at least to some extent, there needs to be strategies in place to deal with the issues. If a person has a voice, as Friere (1970) suggested, he or she can begin to combat personal and soci- etal oppression. A pragmatic social justice framework lends itself to finding workable solutions for marginalized populations. Recall, that pragmatism has three assumptions: 1) there is no mind/body split, 2) there is an active mind, and 3) is based on functionalism (Hookway 2015). Each point helps lay the foundation for how to potentially engage in pragmatic social justice. Prag- matism is more likely to bring social context to the forefront of philosophy, allowing for realities that are in flux and that are always being shaped and reconstructed by their context. Pragmatists emphasize that we must include particular and individual experiences in a pluralistic discussion of multiple realities, and that all parties involved in the issue be involved in any creation of a solution (Whipps 2013). Firstly, with regard to not having a mind/body split; another way of think- ing about this is there is no separation of a person from the environment. That notion, then allows a person to engage and potentially change an envi- ronment in which he or she is in to a degree that is physically possible. With the environment amendable, social justice, although an uphill process, is now possible. Meaning the oppressed can become actors that act in ways to change society. This is a big part of Friere’s (1970) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. If an agent could not change the environment, subjugated populations would still suffer greatly at the hands of the ones in power. Change is possible, because an individual can change the current climate as they are not living in a void nor are people empty vessels. An outlet for which this change can occur is a participatory democracy also called a do-it-yourself democracy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conceptual Framework Spring, 2014
    Conceptual Framework Spring, 2014 Conceptual Framework University of Arkansas at Monticello School of Education 1 Conceptual Framework Spring, 2014 UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT MONTICELLO (UAM) SCHOOL OF EDUCATION THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Introduction The University of Arkansas at Monticello (UAM) has a rich educational heritage of teaching and learning that has provided a “Century of Opportunity” for the residents of southeast Arkansas and the state since its humble beginnings as The Fourth District Agricultural School in 1909. To understand the history of teacher education at UAM, the beginnings of the university itself must be explored. Classes began in 1911 with students in the sixth through twelfth grades attending. Freshman and sophomore college courses were added in 1923 and the institution was accredited as a junior college in 1928. Senior college courses were added in 1933 and, the following year, the first degrees were granted by Arkansas A&M College. The campus was established on what was once part of a 6,000 acre cotton plantation owned by Judge and Mrs. William Turner Wells. “Judge Billy” and “Miss Pattie” were prominent figures in southeast Arkansas and the name of Wells is imbedded in the social and political history of the state. Judge and Mrs. Wells lived the idyllic life of Southern planters and entertained frequently in their plantation home that was located on what is now the site of the Fred J. Taylor Library. In April of 1909, the Arkansas General Assembly passed Act 100 which created four district agricultural schools. For the southeast district, descendants of Judge and Mrs. Wells offered the Wells Plantation home site with 200 acres of contiguous land for the new school/experiment farm.
    [Show full text]
  • CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Christian Brothers University
    CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Christian Brothers University Christian Brothers University Education Unit Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework of the education unit has been influenced by the mission and core values of the university and the mission statement of the School of Arts. The university’s mission statement is: Educating minds. Touching hearts. Remembering the presence of God. We believe that this mission statement is best represented by the core values of the university. The core values are: Faith: Our belief in God permeates every facet of the University's life. Service: We reach out to serve one another and those beyond our campus. Community: We work to build better communities and a better society. The mission statement for the School of Arts was rewritten in 2013 and states: To advance the Lasallian synthesis of knowledge and service by teaching students to think, to communicate, to evaluate, and to appreciate. Building on the core values and the mission statement are the Department of Education’s candidate proficiencies as identified in the conceptual framework. This conceptual framework includes four themes – Servant- Leader, Effective and Reflective Practitioner, Champion of Individual Learner Potential, and Builder of Vibrant Learning Communities. These themes are outlined below: Theme/Core Concept: Servant-Leader 1. Candidates exhibit moral and ethical responsibility, skills of leadership, service and professionalism that represent concern for the welfare of others above self-concern and self- interest. 2. Candidates express commitment to the human mission of education and to the goals of access, equity, and opportunity. 3. Candidates show respect for others by honoring the worth and dignity of children, families, community, and colleagues.
    [Show full text]
  • A Draft of Proposed Conceptual Framework Beliefs
    Professional Education Unit Conceptual Framework (Full Version) CF Committee Developed and Approved – 2/28/05 (Updated 3/03/08) Guide for the Reader WKU’s Conceptual Framework represents beliefs and values that are shared by all programs that prepare university students to enter education professional fields. These fields include: . Teachers in elementary, middle, and high schools . Library media specialists . Principals and superintendents . School counselors . School nurses . School psychologists . Speech pathologists All these education professional preparation programs are considered by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and Kentucky’s Education Professional Standards Board (EPSB) to represent WKU’s Professional Education Unit. Faculty representatives from each of the education fields in the Unit were involved in various aspects related to the development and approval of the Conceptual Framework. The document after this opening Guide is the full version of the WKU Conceptual Framework. An abridged student version is also available on the CEBS Professional Education Unit webpage (http://edtech.wku.edu/peu/index.htm). It is important to note that during the development of the Conceptual Framework, committee members thought it important to delineate all essential beliefs, ideas, and implications even if they were difficult to measure or live out. Thus, many beliefs, ideas, or implications reflect what the unit aspires to accomplish over time. The careful reader who is also a student completing one of
    [Show full text]
  • A Conceptual Framework for Designing Mobile Augmented Reality in Learning Basic Numbers
    World Applied Sciences Journal 35 (7): 1048-1053, 2017 ISSN 1818-4952 © IDOSI Publications, 2017 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2017.1048.1053 A Conceptual Framework for Designing Mobile Augmented Reality in Learning Basic Numbers Kamariah Awang, Syadiah Nor Wan Shamsuddin, Ismahafezi Ismail, Norkhairani Abdul Rawi and Maizan Mat Amin Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia Abstract: Teaching and learning sessions for LINUS students need improvement while conducting the session which requires more teaching aids using new technology. However, LINUS modules still utilize traditional methods to teach students. Students cannot focus and do not enjoy the learning session. Mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous in the world today and have become a learning tool in both inside and outside the classroom. Mobile learning can be an alternative learning tool for special needs students. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a framework for designing mobile augmented reality (AR) in learning basic numbers especially for LINUS students. This framework consists of cognitive load theory, intrinsic motivation approach, compensatory approach and multimedia elements as an interactive learning method to learn basic numbers for LINUS students. Key words: Teaching and Learning Mobile Application Technology Augmented Reality LINUS INTRODUCTION and interactive. ICT will be an ubiquitous part of schooling life, with no urban-rural divide and with all LINUS stands for Literacy and Numeracy Screening. teachers and students equipped with the skills necessary The program has been implemented by the Ministry of to use this technology meaningfully and effectively [1]. Education (MOE) under the National Key Result Area Therefore, teachers should have the latest teaching aids (NKRA) mandate since 2010 to ensure students master to attract their students in teaching and learning the 21st literacy and numeracy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities
    IFAC Board Final Pronouncement Exposure Draft January 2013 October 2011 Comments due: February 29, 2012 The Conceptual Framework for General Purpose Financial Reporting by Public Sector Entities This document was developed and approved by the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB). The IPSASB sets International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) and Recommended Practice Guidelines for use by public sector entities, including national, regional, and local governments, and related governmental agencies. The objective of the IPSASB is to serve the public interest by setting high-quality public sector accounting standards and by facilitating the adoption and implementation of these, thereby enhancing the quality and consistency of practice throughout the world and strengthening transparency and accountability of public sector finances. The structures and processes that support the operations of the IPSASB are facilitated by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). Copyright © January 2013 by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). For copyright, trademark, and permissions information, please see page 47. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR GENERAL PURPOSE FINANCIAL REPORTING BY PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES CONTENTS Page Introduction................................................................................................................................... 4–5 Chapter 1: Role and Authority of the Conceptual Framework ................................................. 6–9 Chapter 2: Objectives
    [Show full text]
  • 20 LANGUAGE IDEOLOGY AS a CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK to ANALYZE ISSUES RELATED to LANGUAGE POLICY and LANGUAGE EDUCATION Valentina
    Revista Científica de la Facultad de Filosofía – UNA (ISSN: 2414-8717) Vol. 6, enero-julio 2018 (1), pp. 20-42. LANGUAGE IDEOLOGY AS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYZE ISSUES RELATED TO LANGUAGE POLICY AND LANGUAGE EDUCATION Valentina Canese1 Abstract This article discusses how the notions of language ideology and language ideologies may be used as analytical tools to examine issues related to language policy and language education. First of all, it provides an overview of language ideology as a field of study. Following, it presents a discussion of language ideology in language policy and planning as well as language teaching. Subsequently, the article presents an overview of how language ideology may be used in research methodology as a conceptual framework to analyze issues related to language in education providing examples of how these concepts have been applied by different authors including this article‘s author. The article concludes that the notions presented may be powerful tools to be applied with caution as biases derived from our own positioning of members of a nation or a linguistic group may affect how we approach phenomena related to language and ideology. Key Words: language policy, language education language teaching, language ideology Key Words: language policy, language education language teaching, language ideology LA IDEOLOGÍA LINGÜÍSTICA COMO MARCO CONCEPTUAL PARA ANALIZAR TEMAS RELACIONADOS A LA EDUCACIÓN Y LAS POLÍTICAS LINGÜÍSTICAS Resumen Este artículo aborda la manera en que las nociones de ideología o ideologías lingüísticas pueden ser usadas como herramientas analíticas para examinar temas relacionados a la educación y a las políticas lingüísticas. Primeramente, presenta una visión general de la ideología lingüística como campo de estudio.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceptual Framework
    Conceptual Framework Table of Contents 04 Local Government 08 Good Governance 11 Democracy 14 Civil Society 17 Sustainability 20 Citizenship 24 Voluntary Work 28 Human Rights 32 Gender Equality 37 Development and Empowerment 40 Political Terminology and Definitions 49 Youth - Related Terminology and Concepts 4 Local Government Definition of Local Government Local government is a management model of democratic governance. The concept of local governance has emerged due to the expansion of state functions and duties, and in order to consolidate citizens’ rights to and participation in the management of their affairs. This means that citizens conduct their affairs by themselves within a particular local authority, thus achieving the purpose of creating local authorities which is in the division of responsibilities and powers between the central government and local areas. Characteristics of Local Government • Autonomy; which means governing a community of specific geographical area in all matters pertaining to the affairs of its population. • Local governance requires members of local councils to be elected by the population of that community who themselves are in the best place to know their needs in contrast to other forms of public administration characterized by subordination to the central authority. Administrative Centralization Centralization means the reservation of all powers in the hands of one governing body in all parts of the state. This means that only one authority in the state undertakes the same functions by itself or by staff that do not enjoy any authority themselves. In other words, centralization confines state administrative functions to the representatives of the central government in the capital (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceptual Framework for Therapeutic Training with Biofeedback in Virtual Reality: First Evaluation of a Relaxation Simulator
    This is a preprint of the article to be published in the AACE Journal of Interactive Learning Research. The final version is available in the Learning and Technology Library: http://www.editlib.org/j/JILR. The paper was originally presented at the 29th EdMedia World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, held in Washington D.C. USA, on 20–23 June 2017. Conceptual Framework for Therapeutic Training with Biofeedback in Virtual Reality: First Evaluation of a Relaxation Simulator Mikhail Fominykh Molde University College, Norway; Volga State University of Technology, Russia [email protected]; [email protected] Ekaterina Prasolova-Førland Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway [email protected] Tore C. Stiles Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway [email protected] Anne Berit Krogh Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway [email protected] Mattias Linde Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway [email protected] Abstract. This paper presents a concept for designing low-cost therapeutic training with biofeedback and virtual reality. We completed the first evaluation of a prototype - a mobile learning application for relaxation training, primarily for adolescents suffering from tension-type headaches. The system delivers visual experience on a head-mounted display. A wirelessly connected wristband is used to measure user’s pulse and adjust the training scenario based on the heart rate data. Repeating the exercise can make the user able to go through the scenario without using the app, learn how to relax, and ultimately combat tension-type headache.
    [Show full text]
  • A Conceptual Framework for Elementary Social Studies Curriculum and Instruction. INSTISUTION North Carolina Univ., Greensboro
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 114 308 So -.00e 639, AUTHOR Williams, Jo Watts TITLE A Conceptual Framework for Elementary Social Studies Curriculum and Instruction. INSTISUTION North Carolina Univ., Greensboro. Humanistic Education Project. PUB DATE 1 Sep 74 INTt . \26p. EDRS PRICE BF-$0.76 HC-$1.95 Plus Postage DESCRIDTbRS tonventional.In0truction; *Curriculum Development; *Educational Development; *Educational History; Educational Philosophy;. *Educational Theories; Elementar y7Fducation; Humanistic Edhcation; Inquiry Training; Models; Progressive. Education; *Social Studies; Student Centered Curriculum; Teaching H.ethods'- ABSTRACT A , comprehensive, consistent framework for investigating,- defining, clarifying, and understanding social studies curriculie and instruction is provided. The framework, descriptive in nature, ti comprised of five conceptually distinct historical traditions in'elementary-level social studies: (1) social studies as knowledge for the sake of knowledge, (2) social studies in the, child-centered tradition, (3) social studies as reflective inquiry, (4) Wirt]. studies as structure of the disciplines, and (5) social Studies as' sociopolitical involvement, The five traditions were, identified aàd developed through a systematic, search of the literature'in social studies education from the 1890s to the present. Recognizing that specific curricular components determine to a large degree the direction of social studies education, the following siz curricular domponents•were selected and used in delineating the. traditions constituting the framework: (1)' citizenship education; (2) student maturity; (3) selection of content; (4) use of'content; (5) significant others including publishing companies, social studies projects, eethgds teachers, and comaunitt members; and (6) evaluation of teachers and students. Each component is discussed in light of the role it has played in,a particular tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Influence on the Dynamics of Complex Information Cascades
    Influence and Cascades December 10 2013 Group 34 • • The Impact of Influence on the Dynamics of Complex Information Cascades Adriana Diakite,Emily Glassberg,Eyuel Tessema Stanford University [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] I. Introduction current research on the dynamics of complex information transmission by adding variation I. Motivation in influence across a navigable, small-world network model. We then explore the impact of ow do behaviors, contagions, products, variation in influence on real world informa- and ideas spread through networks? tion cascades by comparing the results of our HThese questions can all be addressed simulated cascades to a cascade of retweets on using the conceptual framework of information the Twitter network. cascades. The impact of network characteris- tics on information cascades is of great interest to sociologists, politicians, public health profes- II. Prior Work sionals, marketing executives, and many others. Propagation through networks can be simple, Current research on complex propagation has meaning that contact with one "infected" node focused on random networks, regular lattices, is enough for transmission. Many diseases and small-world networks. A 2007 paper by spread in this fashion. However, propagation Centola et. al. investigated the impact of net- can also be complex, meaning that a certain work topology on the "critical threshold," the proportion of a node’s neighbors must have threshold above which no cascades occur. The adopted a behavior or idea before the node authors found that, in random networks, in- will decide to adopt it as well. Current liter- creasing the degree of each node decreases ature suggests that cascades involving social the critical threshold (promotes propagation).
    [Show full text]
  • COMPONENTS of the CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK the Elementary Education Program Aligns with the Unit's Conceptual Framework Through Co
    COMPONENTS OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The Elementary Education Program aligns with the unit’s conceptual framework through coursework and clinical experiences. The program is further aligned with professional dispositions that reflect the unit’s conceptual framework. Benedictine University educators are effective practitioners, committed to scholarship, lifelong inquiry, leadership and social responsibility. These four strands are woven into the education curriculum and are reflected in the expectations we have for our graduates: Scholarship (S) Benedictine University’s education program requires that candidates have a firm understanding of the subject matter and a solid foundation in pedagogical principles that promote understanding of the content. Candidates acquire the knowledge that shapes and influences learning through critical thinking, research-based decisions, and best practices utilizing technological advances and innovative strategies. Lifelong Inquiry (LI) Candidates regularly engage in learning through self-reflection by questioning and critically reflecting upon their current understandings. They seek out information, both individually and collaboratively, to formulate an in-depth knowledge base, grounded in research that informs their thinking and decision-making. Candidates incorporate information learned from professional development opportunities and are actively involved in professional groups and organizations. Leadership (L) Candidates are prepared to assume leadership roles that enable them to affect change and improve professional practice through the application of educational theory and ethical principles. Candidates learn how to be flexible, supportive, ethical and responsible and they use their knowledge to promote effective educational initiatives that influence learning environments. Through the development of interpersonal and communication skills, candidates pursue opportunities to collaborate with others to positively impact students, the community, and the professional field.
    [Show full text]
  • Libertarianism As a Naturalistic Position
    This is a repository copy of Libertarianism as a Naturalistic Position. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/85635/ Version: Accepted Version Book Section: Steward, HC orcid.org/0000-0003-1654-577X (2016) Libertarianism as a Naturalistic Position. In: Timpe, K and Speak, D, (eds.) Free Will and Theism: Connections, Contingencies and Concerns. Oxford University Press , Oxford . ISBN 9780198743958 https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743958.003.0010 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 352 Libertarianism as a Naturalistic Position Helen Steward There is a rather thinly-veiled suspicion amongst some compatibilists that libertarians are able to embrace their claims about the nature of the human will only in virtue of a general readiness to suppose that human beings occupy a very special place within the order of nature. This readiness, they imagine, is borne of an assumption that many of those compatibilists eschew – the assumption that the universe is theistic and that an omniscient and benevolent god has provided for human beings to be specially positioned within it.
    [Show full text]