Temperament and character 1 Running head: DEVELOPMENTAL TRENDS OF TEMPERAMENT AND CHARACTER Maturity and Change in Personality: Developmental Trends of Temperament and Character in Adulthood Kim Josefsson IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland Markus Jokela IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland C. Robert Cloninger Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Mirka Hintsanen Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland Johanna Salo, and Taina Hintsa IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland Laura Pulkki-Råback IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland Temperament and character 2 Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland Acknowledgements This study was supported by Emil Aaltonen Foundation (MH), Niilo Helander Foundation (MH), Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation (TH and MH), Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research (MH), the Academy of Finland (grant 123621 to LP-R, grant 132729 to TH, and grant 124399 to LK-J) Corresponding author: Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, IBS, Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Siltavuorenpenger 1A, P.O.Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Tel: +358 9 1912 9500, Fax: +358 9 1912 9251, email:
[email protected] Temperament and character 3 . Maturity and Change in Personality: Developmental Trends of Temperament and Character in Adulthood Abstract We studied the developmental trends of temperament and character in a longitudinal population-based sample of Finnish men and women aged 20-45 years using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) model of personality.