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U.S.D.A. Forest Service

Research Paper RM-41

NOV 9. 7 fe 0d

Flow and Vegetation

of the

Siena Ancha Experimental

Forest, Arizona

by CHARLES P. PASE

R. ROY I0HNS0N

ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION

Fort Collins, Colorado Raymond Price, Director

FOREST SERVICE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

U.S.D.A. Forest Service 1968 Research Paper RM-41

Flora and Vegetation

of the

Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, 1 Arizona

By

Charles P. Pase, Plant Ecologist 2

and

R. Roy Johnson, Associate Professor 3

X A portion of the Tonto National Forest, set aside for experi- mental purposes in 1932, under authority of the Secretary of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and administered by the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 2 Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, with central headquarters maintained in cooperation with Colorado State University at Fort Collins; Pase is located at Tempe in cooperation with Arizona State University.

department of Biology, University of Texas, El Paso. Dr. Johnson was a graduate student at the University of Arizona, Tucson, at the time this Research Paper was prepared. CONTENTS

Page

Physical characteristics 1

Climate ..... l Geology 2 Soils 2

Vegetation types 3

Mixed conifer 4 Mountain park 4 Ponderosa pine 5 Oak-woodland 6 Chaparral 6 Desert grassland 7 Desert shrub 7 Riparian 8 Plant collections 9 Additions to the known Arizona flora 9 Distribution of species 9 1. Arizonan 9 2. Californian 9 3. Southwestern 9 4. Western United States 10 5. North American 10 6. Tropical 10 7. Introduced 10 Checklist 10 Acknowledgments 10

Literature cited 10

Plant families 12

Sierra Ancha Plant Checklist 13 Flora and Vegetation of the

Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, Arizona

Charles P. Pase and R. Roy Johnson

The Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest, a WARMING CURVES field unit of the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station devoted primarily to 80 Headquarters watershed research, lies in Sierra Ancha, a (Chaparral) mountainous area about midway between Globe and Young in Gila County, central Arizona. Workman Creek Although only 12,820 acres in size, its broad (Mixed conifer) elevational range—from 3,550 to 7,724 feet- covers a variety of vegetation types. 60 This Paper summarizes the physical en- Base Rock (Desert grassland) vironment of the Forest, with a brief description of each of the major plant associations, and a catalog of species listing all known vascular plants collected since the Forest was established in 1932. 40

Physical Characteristics

Climate COOLING CURVES

Upper elevations in Sierra Ancha are char- 80 acterized by cold moist winters, dry warm springs, and hot moist summers (fig. 1). The fall dry season so characteristic of much of the State is less pronounced here. Precipitation averages 33.4 inches per year, 11.0 inches (33 percent) of which fall from June through Sep- 60 tember. Annual precipitation has varied from 18.6 to 49.9 inches. Much of the winter precip- itation falls as snow above 6,000 feet. Winter snowpack in the upper Workman Creek area, at 7,000 feet, often exceeds 4 feet. 40 In the intermediate elevation zone, between 4,800 and 6,000 feet, temperatures are much higher and relatively little winter precipitation occurs as snow, except in occasional years. Annual rainfall at the Sierra Ancha headquar- ters, at 5,100 feet elevation, averages 24.7 inches PRECIPITATION (INCHES) of which 7.5 inches (30 percent) falls from Figure 1. —Mean monthly temperatures plotted June through September. Annual rainfall has against median monthly precipitation at varied from 13.1 to 42.0 inches. A moderate three climatic stations 3 Sierra Ancha Exper- secondary dry season usually begins as temper- imental Forest. End points of curves for atures begin to drop, but is commonly of short Workman Creek are July and February; for duration (fig. 1). other stations 3 August and January.

- 1 - In the lower elevation zone at the south Barnes Conglomerate, Pioneer Shale, and Scan- end of the Forest, low rainfall and high tem- Ion Conglomerate. Vesicular basalt flows of peratures combine to make a hot, desertlike Tertiary and/or Quaternary age (Darton 1925, climate. Mean rainfall is 16.2 inches, but rain- Granger and Raup 1964) are present in some of fall has varied from 10.2 to 22.6 inches. Rain- the higher basins. Intruded within these for- fall distribution is not greatly different from mations at various horizons are sills of diabase, that in the upper two zones, as 5.7 inches (35 often deeply weathered where exposed. The percent) falls from June through September. A Apache Group as a whole has been subjected spring drought, more severe than in the higher to low-grade metamorphism, with the addition elevation zones, usually extends from mid-April of silica which has increased the resistance of to mid-July. A less severe but still critical the rocks to mechanical and chemical weather- drought period occurs after the end of the ing. summer rainy season, when temperatures are The Dripping Springs Quartzite, one of the descending, yet still adequate for plant growth. most conspicuous geologic features, is dissected The striking differences in environments are by numerous gorges at the extreme south end apparent in the warming and cooling curves for of the Forest. According to Shride, (1962) the the three elevation zones at Sierra Ancha based thickness of the quartzite beds (including the on median precipitation 4 and mean temperatures basal member, Barnes Conglomerate) varies (fig. 1). The Workman Creek station is in a from 550 to 700 feet. Shallow weathering of small mountain park completely surrounded this formation restricts moisture penetration with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa )" and to the shallow, fine-textured soil. As a con- mixed conifer forest; Headquarters Station is sequence, normally deep-rooted shrubs and trees well within the chaparral type, and on the do poorly on this formation except where local edge of a strip of oak-woodland; the Base Rock topographic features permit deeper soil forma- Station is in the semidesert grassland, but tion, as in pockets and at the toe of slopes. A only a quarter mile from elements of the large part of Parker and Pocket Creek water- southern desert shrub formation. sheds lies in this formation, which helps explain the low retention storage capacity and unusually high water yields from these areas. Geology

The Forest lies along the crest of the Sierra Soils Ancha, a mountain range carved from sedi- mentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks up- In the high-elevation zone at the north end of loam lifted in a domelike structure. Several poorly of the Forest, surface soils are mostly granular or crumb to well defined faults cut the mountain mass. or clay-loam texture, with a few Exposed formations within the Experimen- structure. Soil depth may vary from than 18 feet. Subsoils are tal Forest generally belong to the Apache Group inches to more in texture from clay of later Precambrian age. In descending order, mostly layered, and vary area is primarily in conifer these consist of Troy Sandstone and Quartzite, loams to clays. The have been found to ex- Mescal Limestone, Dripping Springs Quartzite, forest, and tree roots tend to a depth of at least 18 feet. Soils in the intermediate elevation zone are mostly derived from deeply weathered medium- to coarse-grained diabase, locally mixed with talus from the steep Mescal Limestone and 4 Plant distribution is apt to be more re- Dripping Springs Quartzites above. Horizons sponsive to median rather than- mean precipita- ill organic matter content is low, tion, especially in arid or semiarid climates are defined, (Daubenmire 1956). Where rainfall is low, a and the soils are almost structureless. Sub- single large storm can greatly affect the mean soils tend to be much lower in clay than soils rainfall value for many years, yet have little derived from granites. Deep weathering permits ecological effect on plant populations. Median shrub roots to penetrate to considerable depths. values tend to be less distorted by these rare In a recent root distribution study, 13 grams rainfall events, and presumably are more closely cubic foot of soil were correlated with vegetation. of chaparral roots per 5 Authors of scientific names are given in found at the 12-foot level, the maximum depth the checklist. sampled. This was a substantially higher root

- 2 - concentration than was found under conifer Vegetation Types trees at the same depth, and suggests that chaparral shrubs probably send roots consider- Eight vegetation types are found on the ably deeper (U. S. D. A. Forest Service 1957). Experimental Forest (fig. 2). From high ele- Root studies conducted in the chaparral of vation to low these are: mixed conifer, moun- California also showed that dominant shrubs tain park, ponderosa pine, chaparral, oak-wood- were rooted to a depth of 28 feet (Hellmers land, desert grassland, and desert shrub. The etal. 1955). riparian type is adjacent to the major streams, Soils developed on the lower elevation Drip- and cuts across all the other types. General ping Springs Quartzite, Barnes Conglomerate, descriptions of four of these have been pub- and Pioneer formations are shallow and fine lished recently in connection with a wildlife textured, and probably fall within the reddish habitat study (Reynolds and Johnson 1964). chestnut great soil group. The soil horizons Vegetation types used here agree generally are poorly defined. The entire profile contains with Nichol (1952). Botanical nomenclature a large amount of disintegrated quartzite rock, follows Hitchcock (1950) for grasses, Little (1953) is noncalcareous and slightly acid, and contains for trees, and Kearney and Peebles (1960) for a high percentage of silt and clay (Martin and all others. Common names generally follow Rich 1948). Kelsey and Dayton (1942). Because of intimate

Figure 2. — Vegetation types on the Sierra Anoka Experimental Forest.

- 3 - intermingling of types, the " conifer" type on tered along the forest floor is mountain the vegetation map (fig. 2) includes both mixed snowberry ( Symphoricarpos oreophilus). conifer and ponderosa pine. Acreage of the The few herbaceous species which grow types is given below: under the large trees are shade-tolerant species

such as Canadian violet ( Viola canadensis ), Experimental Forest several species of orchids including western (acres) (percent) T rattlesnake-plantain ( Goody era oblongifolia ), Conifer 1 3,776 29.5 and nonphotosynthetic species such as coral- Mountain park 30 .2 roots ( Corallorhiza maculata , C. wisteriana and Oak-woodland 131 1.0 C. striata ). During the summer rainy season Chaparral 7,302 57.0 fungi are common in decaying organic matter, Desert grassland 1,351 10.5 as old duff, Desert shrub 162 1.3 such logs and and mosses grow Riparian 2 68 J5 on rocks, soil, and logs. Species more common in small clearings and along roadsides include Total 12,820 100.0 figwort ( Scrophularia parviflora ), red raspberry -Includes both pine-fir and ponderosa pine types. (Rubus strigosus ), and strawberry (Fragaria ovalis ). 2 Based on estimated average width of 66 feet.

Mountain Park Mixed Conifer The major park is found on the Middle Mixed conifer ranges from below 6,000 feet Fork of Workman Creek, in the mixed conifer on cool, moist slopes to more than 7,500 feet vegetation type (fig. 4). Deep, fine soils and in Workman Creek and Parker Creek drainages. high rainfall contribute to a diverse flora.

The dominant trees are Douglas-fir ( Pseudot- Clearings are bordered by dense stands of suga menziesii ), white fir ( Abies concolor ), and ponderosa pine, white fir, and Douglas-fir, inter- ponderosa pine (fig. 3). Individual ponderosa spersed with quaking aspen and Gambel oak. pines usually attain greater size in the mixed Clumps of Arizona walnut ( Juglans major ) are conifer than in the pure ponderosa pine type. scattered within the park. Arroyo willow (Salix

Understory trees are Gambel oak ( Quercus lasiolepis ) forms dense colonies along washes. gambelii ) and New-Mexican locust ( Robinia Thickets of Gambel oak, mountain snowberry, neomexicana ). Quaking aspen ( Populus tre- and roses ( Rosa spp.) and the apple orchard muloides ) commonly occurs at edges of clear- (at the deserted Peterson Ranch) provide good ings and in old burns. The main shrub scat- wildlife cover.

Figure 3. —Mixed conifer stand at the head of Workman Creek. Dense shade restricts herbaceous understory. Figure 4. — Small mountain park in the Middle Fork of Workman Creek.

Herbaceous plants are abundant. Grasses sites such as west-facing slopes or in shallow, include Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis ), rocky soils (fig. 5). Ponderosa pine is the redtop (Agrostis palustris ), and orchardgrass dominant tree. On drier sites, New-Mexican

( Dactylis glomerata ) . Common bindweed ( Con- locust, Emory oak ( Quercus emoryi ), and alli- volvulus arvensis ), skyrocket (Gilia aggregata ), gator juniper ( Juniperus deppeana) are the and several composites, including the common main understory species. In cooler, moist areas, sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) and ragleaf New-Mexican locust and Gambel oak occur as bahia (Bahia dissecta ) grow throughout the an understory. Herbaceous plants are few. clearings. Seeps and springs are surrounded by Bracken ( Pteridium aquilinum ) is common Juncus spp., Cyperus spp., Carex spp., and locally following summer rains. Plants common prairiemallow ( Sidalcea neomexicana ). along roadsides and in clearings include the

colorful scarlet bugler ( Penstemon barbatus ),

Fendler ceanothus ( Ceanothus fendleri ), and

Ponderosa Pine red and yellow pea ( Lotus wrightii ). Sparse grasses, usually most common in clearings,

The ponderosa pine type ranges from ap- include mountain muhly ( Muhlenbergia mon- proximately 5,500 feet on cool, moist slopes tana), bulb panicum ( Panicum bulbosum ), and and in shaded canyons to 7,000 feet on drier Pringle needlegrass (Stipa pringlei ).

Figure 5. —Ponderosa pine stand at Workman Creek. .

Figure 6. —Dense oak-woodland commu-

nity near Headquarters . Dominant tree is Quercus arizonioa.

Oak-woodland dangerous poison-ivy ( Rhus radicans) is both widespread and abundant. A small area of oak-woodland occurs in The herbaceous understory is rather sparse, Parker and Pocket Creeks between 4,800 and except on the lower slopes adjacent to stream 5,300 feet elevation. Treelike oaks dominate channels. Common plants include California the overstory, while understory shrubs, where brome ( Bromus carinatus ), fringed brome (B. present, are mainly those common in the ad- ciliatus ), blue wildrye ( Elymus glaucus ), deer- jacent chaparral type. Arizona white oak grass ( Muhlenbergia rigens), and purple

( Quercus arizonica ) and Emory oak are partic- geranium ( Geranium eremophilum ) ularly abundant, while southwestern black cherry ( Prunus serotina var. rufula ) is common Chaparral usually on the more mesic sites (fig. 6). Cali- fornia buckthorn ( Rhamnus californica ), rarely Chaparral reaches its best development on found in the adjacent chaparral, is fairly common diabase-derived soils between 4,500 and 6,000 on the cooler slopes. The attractive but feet elevation (fig. 7). Where soils are thin,

Figure 7. —Dense mature stand of chaparral near western edge of Ex- perimental Forest. Quercus tur- binella is the dominant species. ,

overlying massive unfracturedquartzite, chapar- Desert Grassland ral stands become more open, with interspersed islands of grassland and forbs. The grassland type lies mostly on the large With few exceptions, characteristic chapar- area of Dripping Springs Quartzite near the ral shrubs are evergreen, broad sclerophylls. south end of the Forest (fig. 8). Elevations Most have deep, extensive root systems and range between 4,000 and 4,800 feet. Occasional the ability to resprout vigorously after fire. plants of velvet mesquite (Prosopis juliflora

The few nonsprouting shrubs produce abundant var. velutina ) are scattered throughout. The seeds which germinate readily after fire (Pase most abundant half-shrub is broom snakeweed

1965). ( Gutierrezia sarothrae ). Both pricklypears and

Shrub live oak ( Quercus turbinella ) is the chollas ( Opuntia spp.) are common. Mammil- most abundant shrub throughout the chaparral laria arizonica is common but inconspicuous. type on the Experimental Forest, often com- Most perennial grasses are summer growing, prising 60 percent or more of the woody cover. and usually do not begin growth until the Toward the upper elevations, common associated onset of the summer rains. Several species

shrubs are true mountainmahogany ( Cerco- of annual grasses, and annual and perennial

carpus montanus ), Emory oak, Wright silktassel forbs, however, are abundant especially after

( Garrya wrightii ), and Pringle manzanita late winter rains. Common perennial grasses

( Arctostaphylos pringlei ). Crown cover is include side-oats, hairy, and black gramas

usually high, and few understory forbs and Bouteloua curtipendula B_. hirsuta , and B. ( ,

grasses are present. At lower elevations where eriopoda ), three-awns ( Aristida spp.) and curly-

the type borders the desert grassland and desert mesquite (Hilaria belangeri ) on upland sites. shrub associations, common associated shrubs Where additional moisture is available, as in

are skunkbush ( Rhus trilobata), catclaw acacia swales and rocky areas, coarser grasses such as

( Acacia greggii), wait-a-bit ( Mimosa biuncifera ) cane bluestem ( Andropogon barbinodis ), green

Wright buckwheat ( Eriogonum wrightii ), and sprangletop ( Leptochloa dubia), and Arizona

pointleaf manzanita ( Arctostaphylos pungens ). cottontop (Trichachne californica ) may be Shrubs are more scattered, and understory locally abundant. grasses and forbs, especially annuals, are fairly

common. Scattered plants of pinyon ( Pinus

edulis ), and one-seed and alligator junipers Desert Shrub

( Juniperus monosperma and J. deppeana) are sprinkled throughout the type, but are nowhere The desert shrub area is largely confined to dominant. the breaks of the canyons and the steep sides Although the chaparral type is well adapted of Parker Creek Canyon, mostly between 3,550 to fire, no large fires have occurred here for and 4,500 feet elevation (fig. 9). many years. Ring counts from occasional pine Unlike the desert floor outside the Forest, trees in the swales suggest an age of 78 years perennial grasses are fairly common on the or more. steep, rocky slopes in the protection of the

Figure 8. —Desert grassland on shal- low, quart zite-derived soils near Base Rock. Figure 9. —Desert shrub on rocky soils near the south end of the Experi- mental Forest.

-

canyon. Common species are generally those water remain in the channels, and some sub- encountered in the desert grassland above. surface water is available to plants along the

Yellow paloverde ( Cercidium microphyllum ) is streams (fig. 10). a characteristic tree. Common shrubs include In Workman Creek and in the upper half of

Fremont wolfberry ( Lycium fremontii) and Parker and Pocket Creeks, arborescent vege-

jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensisT Saguaros tation is dominated by Arizona alder ( Alnus

(Cereus giganteus ) occur in protected niches in oblongifolia ), bigtooth maple ( Acer grandiden- the canyon walls, but are nowhere abundant. tatum), and Arizona walnut. Shade-tolerant Pricklypears and chollas are common. herbaceous plants form a lushunderstory. Com-

mon plants include fowl mannagrass ( Glyceria

striata ), false-Solomonseal ( Smilacina race-

Riparian mosa ), and wanderer violet (Viola nephro- phylla). Common lianas are canyon grape

One perennial stream (Workman Creek) and ( Vitis arizonica ) and thicket creeper ( Partheno- two intermittent streams (Parker and Pocket cissus inserta). Creeks) originate in the Forest. The combined In the lower reaches of Parker and Pocket length of these channels is approximately 8.5 Creeks, growing conditions are more severe miles; they traverse all vegetative types on the during most summers and few truly riparian Forest. Flow in Parker and Pocket Creeks herbaceous species from upper reaches thrive

is intermittent during most summers, but even here. Arizona sycamore ( Platanus wrightii) when flow is interrupted scattered pools of and Arizona walnut are dominant. Shrubs and

Figure 10. —Riparian vegetation along

Parker Creek 3 within the chaparral type. trees characteristic of the adjacent oak-woodland Distribution of Species and chaparral zones encroach almost to the water's edge. Common herbaceous plants in- Distribution of species of the Sierra Ancha clude spike bent (Agrostis exarata ), water bent Experimental Forest was taken from floras by (A. semiverticillata ), Rocky Mountain rust Kearney and Peebles (1960) and Tidestrom and (Juncus saximontanus ), and inland rush (L Kittell (1941). The 726 species and 9 varieties interior var. neomexicana ). reported fall into the following seven more-or- less natural geographic groups. Varieties are considered as separate taxa in this classification. Plant Collections

1. Arizonan.— Species of local range known Extensive plant collections have been made only from Arizona. The following 13 in the Sierra Ancha since the Experimental endemic species and varieties comprise Forest was established. Most of these collections 1.8 percent of the flora: are deposited in the Forest Service Herbarium, Agave chrysantha Washington, D. C, and in herbaria at the Agave toumeyana Forest Hydrology Laboratory, Tempe, Arizona; Cimicifuga arizonica Arizona State University at Tempe; and The Cupressus glabra University of Arizona at Tucson. Collectors Echeveria collomae who have added significantly to botanical ex- Echeveria rusbyi ploration of the area in addition to the authors Echinocereus boyce-ihompsoni var. include Frank W. Gould, Elbert L. Little, Jr., boyce-thompsoni Jerry M. Johnson, Barnard A. Hendricks, and Echinocereus boyce-thompsoni var. Charles K. Cooperrider. Of these collections, bonkerae only the ferns and fern allies have been re- Erigeron pringlei ported (Little 1938). Liverworts of hepatics of Perityle ciliata the Sierra Anchas have also been reported by P hlox tenuifolia Little (1939), but are not included in the Rumex orthonerurus present paper. A preliminary checklist covering Sporobolus interruptus 6 Sierra Ancha has been prepared by Johnson. Of these, Cimicifuga arizonica is particularly interesting, as it is known from only two other locations, both in central Arizona. Rumex

Additions to the Known orthoneurus , known otherwise only from two Arizona Flora collections in the Chiricahua Mountains of south- eastern Arizona, has been found on rich, moist Two introduced species of grasses in the soil in Workman Creek. present checklist are not previously reported from the State. Collector's name and number 2. Californian.— Species confined primarily follow in parentheses. to California. The following 8 species or Agropyron intermedium introduced at Work- 1.1 percent, fall in this group: man Creek. (C. P. Pase 1766). Calyptridium monandrum Poa bulbosa introduced at Parker Creek. Harpagonella palmeri (C. P. Pase 1183). Lupinus bicolor Poa bulbosa was established in a trial Muhlenbergia rigens planting about 1938, and has persisted, without Pholistoma auritum spreading, to the present. Agropyron inter- Plectritis ciliosa medium appears well established in clearcut or Quercus chrysolepis otherwise disturbed sites in the mixed conifer Thelypodium longifolium and ponderosa pine types on Workman Creek. 3. Southwestern.— Species extending from west Texas to Arizona, and south into northern Mexico, or occasionally slightly beyond into the drier parts of southern Johnson R. Roy. The biota Sierra 3 of and southeastern Ancha, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Gila County 3 Arizona. Master's Thesis, California. These are generally plants Univ. Ariz., Tucson. 114 pp. 1960.

- 9 - of the arid Southwest. Examples are Checklist

Bouteloua eriopoda , B. aristidoides , and

Hilaria belangeri . The largest number In the following plant list, the authors of species, 292 or 39.7 percent, falls in attempted to place each species in its appropriate this group. vegetation type, characteristic site where found, and abundance class. Such data were often 4. Western United States.— Species ranging missing from collection sheets, and the authors widely throughout the western half of the were forced to rely on their familiarity with United States, including the Great Plains, the species concerned. Often a plant was col- Rocky Mountains, and the Great Basin of lected in one vegetation type, when it might Utah and Nevada. Typical examples in fact be more representative of an adjacent are snakeweed, Gambel oak, ponderosa type; in such cases, the more representative pine, and white fir. This second largest location was used in the list. While much of group contains 220 species oi 29.9 percent. this information must of necessity be subjective,

it is thought to be sufficiently reliable to be 5. North American.— Species widely distri- of some assistance to future students of the buted throughout temperate North local flora. America. These plants are usually, but not always, of mesic habitats. Examples

are Corydalis aurea , red raspberry, and

roadside agrimony ( Agrimonia striata ). Acknowledgments This is the third largest group, with 152 species or 20.7 percent. The authors gratefully acknowledge the previously mentioned early collectors, without 6. Tropical.— Species that extend from South whom this flora would not be possible. Drs. or Central America and Mexico northward Charles T. Mason of the University of Arizona, into the warmer parts of Texas, New and Frederick J. Hermann of the Forest Service Mexico, and Arizona. Only 3, or 0.4 Herbarium assisted in examination of difficult percent, fall into this group: Cyperus specimens. Mr. Hubert Earle of the Desert erecta flavus , Boerhaavia , andtanglehead Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona, assisted

( Heteropogon contortus ). in identification of Cactaceae. Drs. Donald J. Pinkava and Duncan T. Patten of Arizona State 7. Introduced.—Species introduced by man University reviewed the manuscript and gave from other regions of the new or old many helpful suggestions. world, that have become successfully es- tablished in the area. These are usually plants of disturbed areas, (road shoulders, Literature Cited and so forth) but may include others that have spread far from such areas. Examples Darton, N. H.

include red brome ( Bromus rubens), 1925. A resume of Arizona geology.* Ariz. Kentucky bluegrass, and shepherds-purse Bur. Mines Bull. 119, 298 pp.

( Capsella bursa-pastoris ). Forty-seven Daubenmire, R. species, or 6.4 percent, are in this group. 1956. Climate as a determinant of vegetation The flora of the Sierra Ancha Experimental distribution in eastern Washington and Forest is distinctly southwestern and western; northern Idaho. Ecol. Monogr. 26: 131- approximately 70 percent of all known species 154. fall in these two groups. This is perhaps not Granger, H. C, and Raup, R. B. surprising, as the chaparral, desert grassland, 1964. Stratigraphy of the Dripping Spring and southern desert shrub formations represent Quartzite, southeastern Arizona.* U. S. types that extend well into northern Mexico. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1168, 119 pp., illus. Few species in these associations are found Hellmers, H., Horton, J. S., Johren, G., and north of Arizona. In addition, a large number O'Keefe, J. of Rocky Mountain species extend south into 1955. Root systems of some chaparral plants Sierra Ancha, especially in the mixed conifer in southern California. Ecology 36: and chaparral types. 667-678.

- 10 - Hitchcock, A. S. Pase, Charles P. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United 1965. Shrub seedling regeneration after States. Ed. 2, U. S. Dep. Agr. Misc. controlled burning and herbicidal treat- Publ. 200, 1,051 pp., illus. ment of dense Pringle manzanita chap- Kearney, Thomas H., and Peebles, Robert H. arral.* U. S. Forest Serv. Res. Note 1960. Arizona flora. Ed. 2, 1,085 pp. RM-56, 2 pp., illus. Rocky Mountain

Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. Calif. Forest and Range Exp. Sta. , Fort Collins, Press. Colo. Kelsey, Harlan P., and Dayton, William A. Reynolds, Hudson G., and Johnson, R. Roy. 1942. Standardized plant names. 675 pp. 1964. Habitat relations of vertebrates of the Harrisburg, Pa.: J. Horace McFarland Sierra Ancha Experimental Forest.* Co. U. S. Forest Serv. Res. Pap. RM-4, 16 Little, Elbert L., Jr. pp., illus. Rocky Mountain Forest and 1938. Pteridophytes of Sierra Ancha, Ari- Range Exp. Sta., Fort Collins, Colo. zona. Amer. Fern J. 28: 144-151. Shride, A. F. 1962. Some aspects of younger Precambrian 1939. Hepaticae of Sierra Ancha, Arizona. geology in southern Arizona. Diss. Bryologist 42: 24-27. Abstr. 22: 2362. (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Ariz., Tucson, 1961.) 1953. Check list of native and naturalized Tidestrom, Ivar, and Kittell, Teresita. trees of the States (including Alaska). 1941. A flora of Arizona and New Mexico. U. S. Dep. Agr., Agr. Handb. 41, 472 897 pp. Washington, D. C: Catholic pp. Univ. Press. Martin, W. P., and Rich, L. R. U.S.D.A. Forest Service. 1948. Preliminary hydrologic results, 1935- 1958. Progress thru research, Annual Report 48, "Base Rock" undisturbed soillysime- 1957.* Ill pp., illus. Rocky Mountain ters in the grassland type, Arizona. Soil Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Fort Collins, Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 13: 561-567. Colo. Nichol, A. A. 1952. The natural vegetation of Arizona.* Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 127, *Address requests for copies to the originating pp. 187-230. office.

-11- PLANT FAMILIES

Page Page

Ac an t ha c eae 18 L inac eae 16 Aceraceae 17 Loasaceae 17 Aizoaceae 15 Loranthaceae 14 Amaranthaceae 15 Lythraceae 17 Amaryllidaceae 14 Anacardiaceae 16 Malvaceae 17 Apocynaceae 18 Mar tyniaceae 18 Aral iac eae 17 Mo r a c eae 14 Aristolochiaceae 15 Asclepiadaceae 18 Nyctaginaceae 15

Berber id ac eae 15 Oleaceae 17 Betulaceae 14 Onagraceae 17 Bignoniaceae 18 Orchidaceae 14 Boraginaceae 18 Orobanchaceae 18 Buxaceae 16 Oxalidaceae 16

Cactaceae 17 Papaveraceae 15 Campanulaceae 19 Pinaceae 13 Capparidaceae 15 Pi an tag inaceae 19 Cap r if ol iac eae 19 Platanaceae 15 Caryophyllaceae 15 Polemoniaceae 18 Celastraceae 17 Polygalaceae 16 Chenopodiaceae 15 Polygonaceae 15 Commelinaceae 14 Polypodiaceae 13 Compos itae 19 Por tulacaceae 15 Convolvulaceae 18 Primulaceae 17 Cornaceae 17 Crassulaceae 15 Ranunculaceae 15 Cruc if erae 15 Rhamnaceae 17 Cucurbitaceae 19 Ro sac eae 16 Cyperaceae 14 Rubiaceae 19 Ru t a c e a e 16 Equisetaceae 13 Ericaceae 17 Sal icac eae 14 Euphorbiaceae 16 Santalaceae 14 Sapindaceae 17 Scrophulariaceae 18 Fagaceae 14 Sax if ragaceae 15 Fouquieriaceae 17 Selaginellaceae 13 Solanaceae 18 Gentianaceae 18 Sterculiaceae 17 Geraniaceae 16 Gramineae 13 Tamaricaceae 17 Gut t if erae 17 Typhaceae 13

Hydrophyllaceae 18 Ulmaceae 14 Umbellif erae 17 Iridaceae 14 Urticaceae 14

Juglandaceae 14 Valerianae eae 19 Juncaceae 14 Verbenaceae 18 Violaceae 17 Labiatae 18 Vitaceae 17 Leguminosae 16 Liliaceae 14 Zygophyllaceae 16

- 12 - z

SIERRA ANCHA PLANT CHECKLIST

Types: Sites: Abundance:

SDS - southern desert shrub u - dry uplands r - rare G - desert grassland c - cool moist slopes o - occasional

C - chaparral s - swales & lower slopes f - frequent

OW - oak woodland f - flood plains a - abundant

PP - ponderosa pine r - riparian va - very abundant PF - pine-fir MP - mountain parks & meadows

Type Site Abundance Type Site Abundance

SELAGINELLA CEAE GRAMIf/EAE

Selaginella arizonica Maxon G u f Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult. PP u f Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. PP u f EQUISETACEAE Agropyron smithii Rydb. MP s 0 Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte PP c o Equisetum arvense L. PP r f Agrostis exarata Trin. OW r 0 Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine Agrostis palustris Huds. MP s f (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton PP r f Agrostis semivertioillata (Forsk.) Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun PP r 0 C. Christ. OW r o Equisetum palustre L. PP r r Andropogon barbinodis Lag. C u f Andropogon oirratus Hack. C u f POLYPODIA CEAE Aristida adscensionis L. c u 0 Aristida arizonica Vasey c u f Adiantwn capillus-veneris L. OW c r Aristida fendleriana Steud. c u f Asplenium resiliens Kunze OW c 0 Aristida glabrata (Vasey) Hitchc. G u 0 Bommeria hispida (Matt.) Underw. c c f Aristida glauoa (Nees) Walp. G u 0 Cheilanth.es eatoni Baker - - _ Aristida hamulosa Henr. G u 0 Cheilanthes feei Moore c c 0 Aristida oligantha Michx. - - - Cheilanthes fendleri Hook. OW c f Aristida orcuttiana Vasey c u o Cheilanthes lindheimeri Hook. OW u o Aristida pansa Woot. & Standi. c u 0 Cheilanthes parry i (D.C. Eaton) Domin c c 0 Aristida parishii Hitchc. G u 0 Cheilanthes wootoni Maxon G c 0 Aristida purpurea Nutt. G u f Cheilanthes wrightii Hook. _ - - Avena fatua L. G u 0 Cyrtomium auriaulatum (Underw.) Bouteloua aristidoides (H.B.K.) Griseb. C u f Morton s o Bouteloua barbata Lag. G u f Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. PF s 0 Bouteloua aurtipendula (Michx.) Torr. c u va Dryopteris arguta (Kaulf.) Watt. OW c r Bouteloua eriopoda Torr. G u 0 Notholaena aurea (Poir.) Desv. G u r Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. c u f Notholaena standleyi Maxon - - - Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. G u a Notholaena sinuata (Lag.) Kaulf. Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey G u f var. sinuata - - - Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash PP u o Notholaena sinuata (Lag.) Kaulf. Bromus anomalus Rupr. PF s o var. integerrima Hook. - - - Bromus breviaristatus Buckl. OW s 0 Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link OW c r Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. OW c r Pellaea intermedia Mett. Bromus ctliatus L. Pellaea limitanea (Maxon) Morton G c o Bromus frondosus (Shear) Woot. & Standi. OW c 0 Pellaea longimuaronata Hook. C f Bromus japoniaus Thunb. MP u 0 Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link Bromus marginatus Nees PF u o var. wrightiana (Hook.) A. F. Tryon C u o Bromus rubens L. G u va Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Bromus tectorum L. MP u 0 Maxon G u r Chloris vertiaillata Nutt. OW 0 Polystichum scopulinum (D.C. Eaton) Chloris virgata Swart OW u r Maxon C c r Dactylis glomerata L. MP s f Pteridivm aquilinum var. pubesaens Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. OW s Underw. PP c f Elymus canadensis L. PP s o Woodsia mexiaana Fee PP u o Elymus glaucus Buckl. OW c 0 Woodwardia fimbriata J. E. Smith OW c r Enneapogon desvauxii Beauv. G u 0 Eragrostis oilianensis (All.) Lutati C 0 PINACEAE Eragrostis diffusa Buckl. SDS u 0 Eragrostis intermedia Hitchc. C u f Abies aonaolor (Gord. & Glend.) Eragrostis lutescens Scribn. PF s o Lindl. PF c va Eragrosti8 mexiaana (Hornem.) Link C c f Cupressus glabra Sudw. OW c r Erioohloa gracilis (Fourn.) Hitchc. SDS u o Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. c u 0 Festuca octoflora Walt. G u f Juniperus deppeana Steud. OW u f Festuca pacifica Piper C u f Pinus edulis Engelm. c 0 Glyceria grandis Wats. PF r o Pinus ponderosa Laws. PP u va Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. PF r o Pseudotsuga mgnziesii (Mirb.) Franco Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. G u f var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco PF u va Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash G u a Hordewn stebbinsii Covas G u o TYPHACEAE Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. PP u f Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase C u 0 Typha domingensis Pers. c r o Leptochloa dubia (H.B.K.) Nees C u 0

- 13 - E .

Type Site Abundance Type Site Abundance

Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. G u f LILIACEAE Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. C u o Allium palmeri Wats. OW c o Melica porteri PF s r Scribn. Anthericum torreyi Baker PP o Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey C c f Calochortus ambiguus (Jones) Owenby G u o fragilis Swallen G f Muhlenbergia u Calochortus flexuosus Wats* G u ^ longiligula f Muhlenbergia Hitchc. C u Calochortus gunnisoni Wats* u o Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchc. PP u 0 Dasyliiionuheeleri Wats. C u f Muhlenbergia monticola Buckl. C u r Nolina microcarpa Wats. G u f Muhlenbergia pauciflora C o Buckl. c Smilacina racemosa (L*) Desf. PF Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. G u 0 Yucca baccata Torr. C u a Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) Hitchc. OW s f Yucca elata Engelm. G u f Muhlenbergia sinuosa Swallen G c 0 Paniaum arizoniaum Scribn. & Merr. G u 0 AMA PYT T THA/VTA W Panicum bulbosum H.B.K. var. minus Vasey PP s o Agave chrysantha Peebles Q Panicum capillare L. var. oacidentale Agave tourney ana Trel. {A. tourney ana Rydb. PP s o var. bella Breitung) G u f Panicum hirticaule Presl G s o Agave palmeri Engelm. G u o Panicum huachuaae Ashe OW s 0 Agave parryi Engelm. C u o Panicum obtusum H.B.K. G s o IRIDACEAE Phleum pratense L. MP s r Poa bigelovii Vasey & Scribn. G u f Iris missouriensis Nutt. MP s 0 Poa bulbosa L. C s r Poa aompressa L. PP s o ORCHIDACEAE Poa longiligula Scribn. & Williams C c 0 Poa pratensis L. MP s va Corallorhiza maculata Raf PF c r Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. C s o Corallorhiza striata Lindl. PP c r Setaria macros tachya H.B.K. G s 0 Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad PP c r Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith PP u a Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. PF c r Sporobolus contractus Hitchc. C u 0 Habenaria spareiflora Wats. PF r r Q f Sporobolus interruptus Vasey PP u r SALICACEAE Q pringlei PP f Stipa Scribn. u Populus angustifolia James OW r f Stipa speciosa Trin. & Rupr. G u 0 Populus fremontii Wats. G r Trichachne califormica (Benth.) Chase C u f Populus tremuloidss Michx. PF Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash G u f Salix gooddingii Ball C r o pilosus o Tridens (Buckl.) Hitchc. C u Salix laevigata Bebb PVC r o o Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc. C u Salix lasiolepis Benth. OW r 0 Salix scouleriana Barratt OW s 0 CIPERACEAE JUGLANDACEAE Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke OW s - Juglans major (Torr.) Heller OW s f Bulbostylis funckii (Steud.) C. B. Clarke G s - BETULACEAE Carex chihuahuensis Mackenz. PP s f Carex geophila Mackenz. C u f Alnus oblongifolia Torr. OW r a Carex occidentalis Bailey PF u f Carex praegracilis W. Boott OW c o FAGACEAE Carex rossii W. Boott PF u f Carex subfusca W. Boott ~ ~ Quercus arizonica Sarg. OW u va Carex thurberi Dewey OW s 0 Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. OW u o Cyperus aristatus Rottb. G s o Quercus emoryi Torr. OW u va Cyperus esculentus L. G s 0 Quercus dunnii Kellogg c o Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckl. PF f Quercus gambelii Nutt. PP va Cyperus flavus (Vahl) Nees G s Quercus turbinella Greene c ; va Cyperus parishii Britt. OW s - ULMACEAE Cyperus pringlei Britt. OW s - Cyperus spectabilis Link - - - Celtis reticulata Torr. c s o Cyperus uniflorus Torr. & Hook. - Scirpus microcarpus Presl. PF MORACEAE COMMELINACEA Morus microphylla Buckl. c c r

Commelina dianthifolia Delile PF s o URTICACEAE Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth var. scopulorum (Rose) Parietaria floridana Nutt. SDS c 0 Anderson & Woodson OW c f Urtica gracilenta Greene PP c o Tradescantia pinetorum Greene PF c f Urtica gracilis Ait. PP u 0 JUNCACEAE LORANTHACEAE Juncus balticus Willd. var. montanus Engelm. PP c u Arceuthobium douglasii Engelm. PF c r Juncus interior Wieg. var. Arceuthobium vaginatum (H.B.K.) Eichler PP f neomexicanus (Wieg.) Hermann OW s o Phoradendron californicum Nutt. c u f Juncus saximontanus A. Nels. var. Phoradendron corvae Trel. c saximontanus PP s f Phoradendrort juniperinum Engelm. c u 0 Juncus saximontanus A. Nels. forma brunnescens (Rydb.) Hermann PP c f SANTALACEAE Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dudleyi (Wieg.) Hermann OW r o Commandra pallida DC. c c f

- 14 - . . .

Type Site Abundance Type Site Abundance

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE RANUNCULA CEAE

Aristolochia watsoni Woot. & Standi. G u r Anemone tuberosa Rydb C u 0 Aguilegia caerulea James PF r r POLYGONACEAE Aquilegia chrysantha Gray PF c 0 Cimicifuga arizoniaa Wats. PF c 0 Eriogonum abertianum Torr. G u 0 Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. OW s f Eriogonum alatum Torr. PF u 0 Delphinium amabile Tides trom SDS u o Erioaonum cernuum Nutt. c Delphinium scaposum Greene OW u o Eriogonum fasaiculatum Benth. SDS u f Delphinium scopulorum Gray MP u 0 Eriogonum jamesii Benth. ow c f My o sums cupulatus Wats. C u o Eriogonum pharnaceoides Torr pp u 0 Ranunculus hydrocharoides Gray PP r 0 Eriogonum ihurberi Torr. c u o Ranunculus inamoenus Greene Eriogonum vimineum Dougl. c u f Ranunculus macounii Britt. PF r o Eriogonum wrightii Torr. c u va Thalictrum fendleri Engelm. OW c f Polygonum convolvulus L. pp Polygonum sawatchense Small ow o BERBERIDA CEAE Pterostegia drvmajri.oid.es Fisch. & Meyer SDS c Rwnex acetosella L. PP s 0 Berberis haematocarpa Wooton C u f Rumex crispus L. PP s 0 Berberis repens Lindl. PF r f Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. SDS s 0 Rumex orthoneurus Rech. f. PP s r PAPA VERACEAE

CHENOPODIACEAE Argemone platyceras Link & Otto G 0 Corydalis aurea Willd. OW c f Chenopodium fremontii Wats. c u a Eschscholtzia mexicana Greene G Chenopodium graveolens Willd. var. Platystemon californicus Benth. SDS s 0 neomexvcanum (Aellen) Aellen Q " Salsola kali L. PP o CRUCIFERAE

AMARANTHACEAE Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. PP u _ Arabis perennans Wats. C u a Amaranthus graeoizans L. c c Athysanus pusillus (Hook.) Greene c c o Amaranthus hybr%dus L. pp u r Brassiaa nigra (L.) Koch c u r Amaranthus powellii Wats. pp u Capsella burs a-pas tori s (L.) Medic. c u f Froeliohia arizoniaa Thornber G u 0 Descurainia obtusa (Greene) Froeliohia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. PP u 0. E. Schulz c u 0 Descurainia. pinriata (Walt.) Britt. c Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. c u 0 NYCTAGINACEAE Draba auneifolia Nutt. c s f Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. c s 0 Boerhaavia ereota L. G u f Erysimum aapitatum (Dougl.) Greene PP u f Boerhaavia intermedia Jones G u f Lepidium medium Greene var. pubesaens Boerhaavia spicata Choisy c f (Greene) Robinson pp u o Boerhaavia torreyana (Wats.) Standi. OW u o Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. SDS u f Mirabilis bigelovii Gray SDS 0 Lesquerella gordoni (Gray) Wats. SDS u f Mirabilis longiflora L. PP u 0 Rorippa nasturtium—aouatvcum (L.) Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray c f Schinz & Thell. (Nasturtium Mirabilis oxybaphoides Gray PF u 0 officinale R. Br. ) PF r f Torr. Oxybaphus coccineus Sisymbrium linearifolium (Gray) Oxybaphus comatus (Small) Weatherby PP c o Payson PP 0 Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) Robins C u Sisymbrium irio L. C u r Oxybaphus pumilus (Standi.) Standi. c u 0 Thelypodium longifolium (Benth.) Wats. PP c r Thelypodium wrightii Gray C u r Thlaspi fendleri Gray PP c 0 AIZOACEAE Thusanocarpus amplsctens Greene c f

Mollugo cerv-LOna (L.) Seringe c u f CAPPARIDACEAE Mollugo vertioillata L. c u 0 Cleome lutea Hook. c s r PORTULACACEAE Cleome sermlata Pursh c u 0 Polanisia traahysperma Torr. & Gray G s o Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pavon) DC. G u f Calyptridium monandrum Nutt. G u r CRASSULACEAE Claytonia rosea Rydb OW c 0 (Rose) Lewi^ia brachycal^x Engelm. PP u f Echeveria aollomae Kearney & Montia perjoivata (Donnj Howell OW Peebles G u 0 Portulaca coronata Small u 0 Echeveria rusbyi (Greene) Nels. & Macbr. OW Portulaca oleracea L. u 0 u r Rose OW c r Portulaca suffrutescens Engelm. u 0 Sedum griffithsii Talinum parviflorum Nutt. c ° SAXIFRAGACEAE

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Fendlera rupiaola Gray var. wrightii Gray c c 0 Arenaria confusa Rydb. pp o Heuchera rubesaens Torr. PF c r Arenaria saxosa Gray var. cinerascens Heuchera versicolor Greene PF c f Robins. PF s 0 Philadelphus microphyllus Gray C c r Cerastium texanum Britt. OW s o Silene laciniata Cav. PE c o PLATANACEAE Stellaria longifolia Muhl. Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo C c o Platanus wrightii Wats. OW r a

- 15 - Type Site Abundance Type Site Abundance

ROSACEAE Phaseolus angustissimus Gray PP u - Phaseolus ritensis Jones OW c 0 Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. MP u f Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. Agvimonia striata Michx. PF r o velutina (Woot.) Sarg. G u f Amelanchier utahensis Koehne (A. mormonica Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh C u f C. K. Schneid.) PP u 0 Rhynchosia texana Torr. & Gray C Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. C u r Robinia n&omex%cana Gray PP Cercocarpus montanus Raf. C u va Thermopsis pinetorum Greene PP u 0 Cowania mexicana D. Don c u o Trifolium albopurpureum Torr. & Gray G u f Fallugia paradoxa D. Don c u r Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & Gray G u f Fragaria braateata Heller PP c 0 Vicia americana Muhl. var. americana PP u f Fragaria ovalis (Lehm.) Rydb. PF c 0 Vicia americana Muhl. var. linearis Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt.) Torr. PP u o (Nutt.) Wats. PP u 0 Potentilla diversi folia Lehm. PP u f Vicia americana Muhl. var. truncate. PotentiZla gtandulosa Lindl. PP u 0 (Nutt.) Brewer PP u 0 Potentilla subviscosa Greene PP u f Vicia exigua Nutt. OW f Potentilla thurberi Gray PF u o GERANIACEAE Potentilla visaidula Rydb. PP u 0 Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) D. Dietr. PP c 0 Erodium aiautarium (L.) L'Her. G u va Primus serotina Ehrh. var. rufula Erodium texanum Gray SDS u 0 (Woot. & Standi.) McVaugh PP s 0 Geranium carolinianum L. OW s o Prunus virginiana L. PP c 0 Geranium eremophilum Woot. & Standi. OW f Rosa arizoniaa Rydb. PP s 0 Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv. PP c 0 Rosa fendleri Crepin OW s 0 Rubus leucodermis Doug. PF c 0 OXALIDACEAE Rubus neomexiaanus Gray PF c 0 Rubus procerus P. J. Muell. PP s o Oxalis albicans H.B.K. OW Rubus strigosus Michx. PP s o Oxalis grayi (Rose) Knuth - - Sanguisorba annua Nutt. C s o Oxalis metcalfei (Small) Knuth PP Oxalis pilosa Nutt. PP s 0 LEGUMINOSAE Oxalis striata L. PP - -

Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze var. LINACEAE hirta (Nutt.) Robins. C u o Acacia constricta Benth. SDS u r Linum lewisii Pursh c u o Acacia greggii Gray SDS u f Linum neomexicanum Greene PP c o Amorpha fruticosa L. var. occidentalis (Abrams) Kearney & Peebles OW s o ZYGOPHILLACEAE Astragalus allochrous Gray - ~ ~ ~ Astragalus famelicus Sheldon Kallstroemia grandiflora Torr. c u 0 Astragalus nothoxys Gray c u f Kallstroemia parviflora Norton c u Astragalus nuttallianus DC. c u 0 Tribulus terrestris L. c u r Astragalus tephrodes Gray c u 0 Astragalus wootoni Sheldon c u 0 RUTACEAE Calliandra reticulata Gray PP u 0 Calliandra eriophylla Benth. c u o Ptelea angustifolia Benth. PP u r Cassia bauhinioides Gray G u " Cassia leptadenia Greenm. C u f POLYGALACEAE Cercidium miarophyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johns t. SDS u va Polygala obscura Benth. G s o Cerais occidentalis Torr. OW d r Clitoria mariana L. - EUPHORBIACEAE Cologania longifolia Gray G u ~ Dalea albiflora Gray C c f Acalypha neomexicana Muell. -Arg. c s 0 Dalea filiformis Gray PP u 0 Croton lindheimerianus Scheele G u f Dalea ordiae Gray PP Euphorbia dentata Michx. C - - Deemanthus cooleyi (Eaton) Trel. c u Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. G u f Desmodium arizonicum Wats. PP Euphorbia incisa Engelm. var. mollis Desmodium grahami Gray OW u o (Norton) L. C. Wheeler C u f Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) Euphorbia lurida Engelm. PP A. S. Hitchc. c u f Euphorbia melanadenia Torr. C u f Galactia wrightii Gray c s o Euphorbia palmeri Engelm. var. palmeri PP Krameria parvifolia Benth. var. Euphorbia palmeri Engelm. var. subpubens glandulosa (Rose & Painter) Macbr. c u o (Engelm.) L. C. Wheeler Lathyrus arizonicus Britt. PP u 0 Euphorbia revoluta Engelm. C u o Lathyrus graminifolius (Wats.) White PP u o Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Lathyrus laetivirens Greene MP s f Tragia nepetaefolia Cav. OW u o Lathyrus pauciflorus Fern. OW u o Tragia stylaris Muell. Arg. - - - Lotus humistratus Greene G u a Lotus salsuginosus Greene SDS u a BUXACEAE Lotus rigidus (Benth.) Greene G u r Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene C u f Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid. SDS u f Lupinus argenteus Pursh Lupinus arizonicus Wats. SDS u a ANACARDIACEAE Lupinus bicolor Lindl. G u a Lupinus concinnus Agardh C u f Rhus glabra L. OW c 0 Lupinus palmeri Wats. C f Rhus ovata Wats. c u 0 Medicago hispida Gaertn. SDS u f Rhus radicans L. OW u a Medicago lupulina L. PP u o Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. anisophylla Melilotus albus Desr. MP u o (Greene) Jepson C a Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. MP u 0 Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. pilosissima Mimosa biuncifera Benth. C u f Engler c u f

- 16 - .

Type Site Abundance Type Site Abundar

CELASTRACEAE Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. var. melanacanthus (Engelm.) L. Canotia holacantha Torr. SDS u f Benson G u 0 Pachystima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf PF c f Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. var. polyacanthus (Engelm.) L. ACERACEAE Benson G u f Mammillaria arizonica Engelm. G u o Acer grandidentatum Nutt. PF s f Mammillaria microcarpa Engelm. G u o Acer negundo l. OW r f Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigel. SDS u o c SAPINDACEAE Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck SDS u f

Dodonaea visaosa Jacq. SDS c o Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. SDS u f Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Am. (S. Opuntia plumbea Rose PP u o saponaria L. var. drummondii Opuntia spinosior (Engelm. & Bigel.) (Hook. & Am.) L. Benson) G u r Tourney C u 0

BMAmACEAE LYTHRACEAE

Ceanothus fendleri Gray PP u f Lythrum californicum Torr. & Gray - - - Ceanoth.ua greggii Gray C a u ONAGRACEAE Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn. PP u 0 Rhamnus oaliformiaa Esch. OW c 0 Epilobium californicum Hausskn. PF s - Gaura gracilis Woot. & Standi. MP Gaura parviflora Dougl. C u o VITACEAE Oenothera clavaeformis Torr. & Frem. SDS u f Parthenocissus inserta (Kerner) Oenothera hookeri Torr. & Gray MP s r - K. Fritsch PF s o Oenothera laciniata Hill PP s Vitis arizonica Engelm. PP s f Zauschneria latifolia (Hook.) Greene PP c r

MALVACEAE ARALIACEAE

Abutilon parvulum Gray C u f Aralia racemosa L. PF s o Anoda oristata (L.) Schlecht. PP - - Hibiscus coulteri Harv. SDS u r UMBELLIFERAE Iliamna grandiflora (Rydb.) Wiggins OW s r Malva negleata Wallr. MP c o Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pavon SDS c o Sida procumbens Sw. G u f Caucalis microcarpa Hook. & Am. C c f Sidalcea neomexicana Gray MP c r Daucus pusillus Michx. c u o Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray SDS u f Lomatium dissection (Nutt.) Mathias & Sphaeralcea rusbyi Gray var. rusbyi - - - Constance G c o Sphaeralcea rusbyi Gray var. gilensis Lomatium nevadense (Wats.) Coult. & Kearney C u o Rose G u 0 Lomatium nevadense (Wats.) Coult. & STERCULIACEAE Rose var. parishii (Coult. & Rose) Jepson C c f Ayenta pusvlla L. PF Osmorhiza obtusa (Coult. & Rose) GUTTIFERAE Fem. PF Perideridia parishii (Coult. & Rose) Hypericum formosum H.B.K. PP s r Nels. & Macbr. PP c 0 Pseudocymopterus montanus (Gray) TAMARICACEAE Coult. & Rose PP u f

Tamarix pentandra Pall. SDS r o CORNACEAE

VIOLACEAE Cornus stolonifera Michx. PF r o Garrya flavescens Wats. C u o Hybanthus verticillata (Ortega) Baill. G u r Garrya wrightii Torr. C u va Viola canadensis L. PP s f Viola nephrophylla Greene PF s o ERICACEAE Viola aurea Kellogg subsp. arizonensis Baker & Clausen OW c r Arctostaphylos pringlei Parry C u a Arctostaphylos pungens H.B.K. c 8 Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh PF 0 Monotropa latisouama (Rydb.) Hulten PP c Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl c u f Pterospora andromedea Nutt. PP u Mentzelia pumila (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray c u PRIMULACEAE

Androsace occidentalis Pursh PP u f CACTACEAE FOUQUIERIACEAE Cereus giganteus Engelm. (Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose) SDS u 0 Fouquieria splendens Engelm. SDS u a Echinocereus boyce-thompsoni Orcutt. var. boyce-thompsoni G u f OLEACEAE Echinocereus boyce-thompsoni Orcutt. var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Fraxinus velutina Torr. var. coriacea Peebles G u o (Wats.) Rehder PP o Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Menodora scabra Gray G u a Rurapler G u f Menodora scoparia Engelm. C u o

- 17 - Type Site Abundance Type Site Abundance

GEHTIANACEAE Lamium amplexicaule L. OW s r Marrubium vulgare L. PP 0 (Nutt.) Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) Fern. Moldavica parviflora Britt. u o austromontana Epling PP s G&Tvt'bCDXCL czff'VTi'Ls Griseb. Monarda 0 menthaefolia Graham PP c Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze PP u f Monarda 0 Salvia columbariae Benth. SDS u f APOCYNACEAE Scutellaria potosina T.S. Brandeg. C u f Jacq. OW c Apocynum androsaemifolium L. OW s o Stachys coccinea 0

ASCLEPIDA CEAE SOLANACEAE

Asclepias asperula (Decne ) Woodson u Asclepias engelmanniana Woodson PP ° Datura meteloides DC. OW u r Asclepias linaria Cav. G Lycium fremontii Gray SDS u f Asclepias nyctaginifolia Gray Q Margaranthus solanaceus Schlecht. C u o Asclepias subverticellata (Gray) Vail s r Nicotiana attenuata Torr. OW u 0 Asclepias tuberosa L. PP U 0 Nicotiana glauca Graham SDS s r Physalis crassifolia Benth. c f CONVOLVULACEAE Physalis fendleri Gray Physalis hederaefolia Gray PP u 0 Convolvulus arvensis L. MP u 0 Physalis versicolor Rydb. c u 0 OW Convolvulus inaanus Vahl OW s r Solanum douglasii Dunal u 0 OW Cuscwta indecora Choisy u 0 Solanum fendleri Gray c 0 u 0 Solanum xanti Gray OW u 0 u 0 pom a e a a ray u f ^ £ nu u SCROPEULARIA CEAE r 7 7 't Ipomoea cos teL Lata Torr. u f Standi. & Ipomoea hirsutula Jacq. f. u f Castilleja austromontana ipomoea LeptoL-oma Torr. Blumer PF u r - - Ipomoea plwwnerae Gray pp u ° Castilleja confusa Greene PP Castilleja integra Gray C u 0 POLEMONIACEAE Castilleja linariaefolia Benth. C u 0 Castilleja minor Gray C c o - Eriastrum diffusion (Gray) Mason C u f Cordylanthus wrightii Gray PP u Eriastrum eremicum (Jepson) Mason 6 u o Linaria texana Scheele c u o Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. MP u a Maurandya antirrhiniflora Humb. & Cilia gilioides (Benth.) Greene c ° Bonpl. c u f P u o Mimulus guttatus DC. PP r o Gilia sinuata Dougl. c u Mimulus nasutus Greene c s f Gilia tenuiflora Benth. Q f Mimulus rubellus Gray c u 0 Linanthus aureus (Nutt.) Greene G u f Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. SDS u f Linanthus bigelovii (Gray) Greene C 0 Pedicularis centranthera Gray PP f f Micros teris gracilis (Hook.) Greene G u 0 Penstemon ambiguus Torr. c u f Phlox tenuifolia E. Nels. C u 0 Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth OW u f Penstemon bridgesii Gray PP c 0 HYDROPHYLLACEAE Penstemon linarioides Gray subsp. sileri (Gray) Keck c u 0 Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. c u 0 Penstemon linarioides Gray var. HydropHy Hum occidentale (Wats.) Gray 0 viridis Keck OW u f 1 < S ^< cinq u Penstemon pseudospectabilis Jones ^Pha^l'e va magern llantca^i^^lham.)m ov. c ° subsp. connatifolius (A. Nels.) Phace Ci>a ramosissima Dougl. C c r Keck c u - Pholistoma auritum (Lindl.) Lilja SDS s o Penstemon thurberi Torr. c u f Schistophragma intermedia (Gray) R/O pa r TNA n?A V Pennell c u Scrophularia parviflora Woot. & Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Meyer SDS u a Standi. PP s o Am8inckia tessellata Gray SDS u a Verbascum thapsus L. PP u o Cryptantha decipiens (Jones) Heller SDS u f Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. MP s 0 u a Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. PP r o Harpagonella palmeri Gray SDS a Veronica peregrina L. c r r Heliotropium phyllostachyum Torr. G s 0 Lithospermum incisum Lehm. C u o BIGNONIACEAE Lithospermum multiflorum Torr. PP u 0 Pectocarya linearis (Ruiz. & Pav.) DC. SDS u f Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet SDS s o G u f PlagiobotHrys arizonicus (Gray) Greene G u MARTYNIACEAE Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt.) Gray Q u f Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & VERBEMCEAE Standi. c s f

Aloysia wrightii (Gray) Heller C c 0 OROBANCHACEAE Verbena wrightii Gray c u o Conopholis mexicana Gray OW 0 LABIATAE Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. c u 0 Orobanche ludoviaiana Nutt. var. Agastache wrightii (Greenra.) Woot. & cooperi (Gray) G. Beck OW c r Standi. PP u 0 Hedeoma hyssopifolium Gray PP u f ACANTHACEAE Hedeoma drummondii Benth. c u o Hedeoma oblongifolium (Gray) Heller c u o Anisacanthus thurberi (Torr.) Gray G c r

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Type Site Abundance Type Site Abundance

PLANTA GINACEAE Chrysopsis foliosa Nutt. G u 0 Cirsium arizoniaum (Gray) Petrak PP u f Plantago lanceolata L. 0 Cirsium neomexioanum Gray PP u 0 Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. SDS u va Cirsium pulahellum (Greene) Woot. & Plantago rhodosperma Decne. C s r Standi. MP c f Cirsium wheeleri (Gray) Petrak MP u 0 RUBIACEAE Conyza sophiaefolia H.B.K. PP u 0 Enaelia fruteacens Gray var. virginensis Galium aparine L. OW c f (A. Nels.) Blake SDS u o Galium fendleri Gray C c - Erigeron canadensis !•« PP u o Galium microphyllum Gray C u f Erigeron conainnus (Hook. & Arn.) Galium rothrockii Gray c ~ Torr. & Gray PP u f Galium stellatum Kellogg SDS o Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gray C u f Galium wrightii Gray c - Erigeron flagellaris Gray PP c o Houstonia wrightii Gray pp o Erigeron macranthus Nutt. PP c 0 Erigeron neomexicanus Gray PP u f CAPRIFOLIA CEAE Erigeron oreophilus Greenm. " ~ " Erigeron pringlei Gray G c o Lonicera avizonica Render PF u o Eupatorium herbaceum (Gray) Greene OW c 0 Lonicera interrupta Benth. OW u f Franseria confertiflora (DC.) Rydb. G u f Sambucus neomexicana Wooton pp 0 Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. G u 0 Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray PF c f Gnaphalium macounii Greene PP u 0 Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Gray PF c 0 Gnaphalium pringlei Gray PF u 0 Symphoricarpos utahensis Rydb. PP c 0 Gnaphalium wrightii Gray C u 0 Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal MP u 0 VALERIANACEAE Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Brltt. & Rusby G u va Plectritis ciliosa (Greene) Jeps G s 0 Haplopappus acradenius (Greene) Blake 6 u 0 Valeriana arizonioa Gray PF c Haplopappus cuneatus Gray C u 0 Valeriana edulis Nutt. MP s o Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) Gray c u 0 Haplopappus heterophyllus (Gray) Blake G 0 CUCURBITACEAE Haplopappus laricifolius Gray 6 a Helianthus annuus L. MP u f Apodanthera undulata Gray SDS s r Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. Cucurbita digitata Gray SDS u r & Rusby C u o Cucurbita foetidissima H.B.K. PP u r Hieraeium fendleri Schultz Blp. PP u r Marah gilensis Greene SDS c 0 Hymenoclea monogyra Torr. & Gray G s 0 Hymenothrix wrightii Gray c u f CAMPANULACEAE Hymenoxys bigelovii (Gray) PP u 0 K. F. Parker Lobelia cardinalis L. OW s o Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent. G u o Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. OW s 0 Lactuaa gramini folia Michx. OW u 0 Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. OW u o COMPOSITAE Laatuca serriola L. var. serriola OW u 0 Lactuca serriola L. forma Achillea lanulosa Nutt. MP u 0 integrifolia Bogenhard OW u 0 Ambrosia psilostaahya DC. G s o Malacothrix clevelandi Gray c « f Antennaria aprica Greene PP u r Melampodium leuaanthum Torr. & Gray c u f Aplopappus see Haplopappus Microseris linearifolia (DC.) Artemisia draaunculoides Pursh C u f Schultz Bip. c u f Artemisia ludoviaiana Nutt. subsp. Pedis papposa Harv. & Gray c u f sulcata (Rydb.) Keck C u f Perezia wrightii Gray SDS u 0 Artemisia pacifica Nutt. C u 0 Perityle ciliata (L.H. Dewey) Rydb. OW f Aster aquifolius (Greene) Blake OW u 0 Rafinesquia neomexicana Gray SDS u f Aster bigelovii Gray c u o Rudbeakia laciniata L. PP s f Aster commutatus (Torr. & Gray) Gray pp u 0 Senecio macdougalii Heller PP u 0 Aster exilis Ell. pp - - Senecio monoensis Greene c u f Baccharis glutinosa Pers. SDS r r Senecio multicapitatus Greenm. OW u 0 Baaoharis pteronioides DC. G u f Senecio neomexicanus Gray c u f Baaoharis sarothroides Gray OW s 0 Senecio wootonii Greene PF u o Baeria ohrysostoma Flsch. & Mey. SDS u a Solidago missouriensis Nutt. OW u o Bahia biternata Gray Solidago sparsiflora Gray OW u f Bahia dissecta (Gray) Brltt. MP f Solidago wrightii Gray OW u o Baileya multiradiata Harv. & Gray G u f Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Bidens bigelovii Gray OW u o Stephanomeria exigua Nutt. c u 0 Bidens leptoaephala Sherff OW c 0 Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Torr.) Briakellia betoniaaefolia Gray OW c 0 H. M. Hall c u 0 Briakellia aalifornica (Torr. & Gray) Taraxacum officinale Weber MP s f Gray OW c 0 Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter G u f Briakellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. pp u 0 Trixis aalifornica Kellogg SDS u o Briakellia rusbyi Gray OW c 0 Tragopogon pratensis L. PP u 0 Carminatia tenuiflora DC. OW c o Viguiera annua (Jones) Blake PP c f Carphochaete bigelovii Gray c u o Wyethia arizonica Gray PP 0

Agriculture — CSU. Ft Collir - 19 -