Pascaline Dupas
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The Influence of Randomized Controlled Trials on Development Economics Research and on Development Policy
The Influence of Randomized Controlled Trials on Development Economics Research and on Development Policy Paper prepared for “The State of Economics, The State of the World” Conference proceedings volume Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee Esther Duflo Michael Kremer12 September 11, 2016 Many (though by no means all) of the questions that development economists and policymakers ask themselves are causal in nature: What would be the impact of adding computers in classrooms? What is the price elasticity of demand for preventive health products? Would increasing interest rates lead to an increase in default rates? Decades ago, the statistician Fisher proposed a method to answer such causal questions: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) (Fisher, 1925). In an RCT, the assignment of different units to different treatment groups is chosen randomly. This insures that no unobservable characteristics of the units is reflected in the assignment, and hence that any difference between treatment and control units reflects the impact of the treatment. While the idea is simple, the implementation in the field can be more involved, and it took some time before randomization was considered to be a practical tool for answering questions in social science research in general, and in development economics more specifically. 1 Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo are in the department of economics at MIT and co-director of J-PAL Michael Kremer is in the department of economics at Harvard and serves as part-time Scientific Director of Development Innovation Ventures at USAID, which has also funded research by both Banerjee and Duflo. The views expressed in this document reflect the personal opinions of the author and are entirely the author’s own. -
Ec 1530 Reading List Becker Chapters 1 and 2 J. Angrist and A
Ec 1530 Reading List Becker Chapters 1 and 2 J. Angrist and A. Krueger "Instrumental variables and the search for identification: From supply and demand to natural experiments" J of Economic Perspectives 15(4):69‐85 2001 Banerjee and Duflo, 2011, Chapters 1 and 2 Pitt, Mark, "Food Preferences and Nutrition in Rural Bangladesh," Review of Economics and Statistics, February 1983, 105‐114. [JSTOR] Jensen, Robert and Nolan Miller (2008). “Giffen Behavior and Subsistence Consumption,” American Economic Review, 98(4), p. 1553 − 1577. [jstor] M. Ravallion, "The performance of rice markets in Bangladesh during the 1974 famine", Oxford Economic Journal 95 (377): 15‐29 A.D. Foster, "Prices, Credit Constraints, and Child Growth in Rural Bangladesh", Economic. Journal, 105(430): 551‐570, May 1995 JM Cunha, G DeGiorgi, S Jayachandran, NBER 17456The Price Effects of Cash Versus In‐Kind Transfers Banerjee and Duflo, Chapter 3 'Bliss, Christopher and N.H. Stern, "Productivity, Wages and Nutrition, Part I Journal of Development Economics, 1978, 331‐398. [E‐journal] J. Strauss, "Does better nutrion raise farm productivity", JPE, 94(2) 297‐320. Foster, Andrew D. and Mark R. Rosenzweig, "A Test for Moral Hazard in the Labor Market: Contractual Arrangements, Effort and Health," Review of Economic and Statistics, May 1994, 213‐227. [JSTOR] Banerjee and Duflo Chapter 4 Andrew Foster and Mark Rosenzweig, "Technical change and human capital returns and investments: Evidence from the Green Revoloution", American Economic Review 86(4): 931‐53 [jstor] Esther Duflo "Schooling and labor market consequences of school construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an unusual policy experement", American Economic Review 91(4):795‐813 [jstor] Jensen, Robert (2010). -
Does the Classic Microfinance Model Discourage Entrepreneurship Among the Poor? Experimental Evidence from India†
American Economic Review 2013, 103(6): 2196–2226 http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.6.2196 Does the Classic Microfinance Model Discourage Entrepreneurship Among the Poor? Experimental Evidence from India† By Erica Field, Rohini Pande, John Papp, and Natalia Rigol* Do the repayment requirements of the classic microfinance contract inhibit investment in high-return but illiquid business opportunities among the poor? Using a field experiment, we compare the classic contract which requires that repayment begin immediately after loan disbursement to a contract that includes a two-month grace period. The provision of a grace period increased short-run business investment and long-run profits but also default rates. The results, thus, indicate that debt contracts that require early repayment discourage illiquid risky investment and thereby limit the potential impact of microfinance on microenterprise growth and household poverty. JEL A21, G32, I32, L25, L26, O15, O16 ( ) Lending to entrepreneurs is a risky proposition in the best of cases. In developing countries, where borrowers often do not have collateral to seize in the event of a default, this risk is even higher. Somehow microfinance, which has expanded rap- idly from its roots in Bangladesh in the late 1970s Daley-Harris 2006 , has struc- ( ) tured debt contracts so as to limit the risk of lending to poor entrepreneurs and for that reason is considered an important tool for helping the poor.1 Early initiation of repayment is widely considered an important means by which the classic “Grameen model” limits lending risk.2 Yet there is growing evidence that microfinance, despite its success in achieving high repayment rates, has had little impact on microenter- prise growth and poverty Banerjee et al. -
The New Development Economics: We Shall Experiment, but How Shall We Learn?
Faculty Research Working Papers Series The New Development Economics: We Shall Experiment, but How Shall We Learn? Dani Rodrik John F. Kennedy School of Government - Harvard University October 2008 RWP08-055 The views expressed in the HKS Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or of Harvard University. Faculty Research Working Papers have not undergone formal review and approval. Such papers are included in this series to elicit feedback and to encourage debate on important public policy challenges. Copyright belongs to the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. THE NEW DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS: WE SHALL EXPERIMENT, BUT HOW SHALL WE LEARN?* Dani Rodrik John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Revised Draft July 2008 ABSTRACT Development economics is split between macro-development economists—who focus on economic growth, international trade, and fiscal/macro policies—and micro-development economists—who study microfinance, education, health, and other social programs. Recently there has been substantial convergence in the policy mindset exhibited by micro evaluation enthusiasts, on the one hand, and growth diagnosticians, on the other. At the same time, the randomized evaluation revolution has led to an accentuation of the methodological divergence between the two camps. Overcoming the split requires changes on both sides. Macro- development economists need to recognize the distinct advantages of the experimental approach and adopt the policy mindset of the randomized evaluation enthusiasts. Micro-development economists, for their part, have to recognize that the utility of randomized evaluations is restricted by the narrow and limited scope of their application. -
Rohini Pande
ROHINI PANDE 27 Hillhouse Avenue 203.432.3637(w) PO Box 208269 [email protected] New Haven, CT 06520-8269 https://campuspress.yale.edu/rpande EDUCATION 1999 Ph.D., Economics, London School of Economics 1995 M.Sc. in Economics, London School of Economics (Distinction) 1994 MA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Oxford University 1992 BA (Hons.) in Economics, St. Stephens College, Delhi University PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2019 – Henry J. Heinz II Professor of Economics, Yale University 2018 – 2019 Rafik Hariri Professor of International Political Economy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University 2006 – 2018 Mohammed Kamal Professor of Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University 2005 – 2006 Associate Professor of Economics, Yale University 2003 – 2005 Assistant Professor of Economics, Yale University 1999 – 2003 Assistant Professor of Economics, Columbia University VISITING POSITIONS April 2018 Ta-Chung Liu Distinguished Visitor at Becker Friedman Institute, UChicago Spring 2017 Visiting Professor of Economics, University of Pompeu Fabra and Stanford Fall 2010 Visiting Professor of Economics, London School of Economics Spring 2006 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley Fall 2005 Visiting Associate Professor of Economics, Columbia University 2002 – 2003 Visiting Assistant Professor of Economics, MIT CURRENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES 2019 – Director, Economic Growth Center Yale University 2019 – Co-editor, American Economic Review: Insights 2014 – IZA -
Alumni E-Newsletter
Alumni E-Newsletter UCLA Department of Economics Spring 2009 ALUMNI EVENTS & UPCOMING EVENTS Quick Links: highlighting the beauty ’88 Business UCLA Day • UCLA Day and ever-changing Economics, Each spring, on UCLA variety of the campus. President of The Walt • 2009 Commencement Day, our alumni gather Disney Studios, will Did you attend UCLA be the keynote • UCLA Economists at their alma mater to Speak Out on the reconnect with the Day this year and have speaker. Current Economic campus, with old a story to share? Crisis friends, and with the Email us at Click here for a bio • William F. Sharpe Bruin spirit. This econalumni@econ. of Alan Bergman. Fellows year, the Economics ucla.edu. Department celebrated If you would like to • Board of Visitors attend this event or the second annual 2009 • Professor Emeritus UCLA Day on May Commencement would like more William R. Allen information, please 9th. The event contact Sara S. Lee, featured seminars The Department of • New Faculty our outreach conducted by Economics coordinator, at • Awards and Honors distinguished Commencement will [email protected]. professors. Showcased be held on Saturday, • Giving Back cutting-edge research June 13, 2009, at 6PM across campus, and in Pauley Pavilion. offered tours Alan Bergman, BA What have you been up to lately? UCLA ECONOMISTS SPEAK OUT ON THE The Department is very interested to CURRENT ECONOMIC CRISIS hear about what In recent months, various opinions and economic policies are you’ve been up to UCLA economists ideas put forth by our likely to work, and since you have have actively written economics faculty on what the future holds graduated. -
Usi] J-Pal Matchmaking Conference Colombo, Sri Lanka 18-19 July 2012
URBAN SERVICES INITIATIVE [USI] J-PAL MATCHMAKING CONFERENCE colombo, sri lanka 18-19 july 2012 www.povertyactionlab.org CONTENTS p.1 Conference Agenda p.4 About the Urban Services Initiative (USI) p.5 About the USI Matchmaking Conference p.6 About J-PAL WATERp.9 AboutSANITATION J-PAL South Asia HYGIENE HE p.10 Why Randomise? DRAINAGEp.12 Bios: Participating OrganisationsSOLID WASTE WATER p.38 Bios: Participating USI Researchers HOUSINGp.42 Bios: J-PAL Team SANITATION HYGIENE p.45 Bios: Urban Services Initiative Team DRAINS HEALTH WASTE WATER D All Photography © 2007 Aude Guerrucci except: p.45 © 2007 Gabrielle Bardall; p.42 © 2002 Aimee Centivany; front cover © 2007 Divya Pal Singh; back cover, p.4 © 2007 Henri Ismail; AFFORDABLEp.10 © 2005 Eric Thompson; p.9 © 2011 Sanam Ispahan HOUSING UTILITIES WATER SANITATION HYGIENE DR DRAINS SOLID EDUCATION HEAL WATER UTILITIES HY- GIENE UTILITIES WATER SANITATION HYGIENE HE DRAINAGE SOLID WASTE WATER HOUSING SANITATION HYGIENE DRAINS HEALTH WASTE WATER D AFFORDABLE HOUSING UTILITIES WATER SANITATION HYGIENE DR DRAINS SOLID EDUCATION HE WATER SANITATION HYGIENE HE DRAINAGE SOLID WASTE WATER AGENDA DAY ONE HOUSING SANITATION HYGIENE 8:00am – 9:00am BREAKFAST AND REGISTRATION OPENING REMARKS • Welcome: Iqbal Dhaliwal, Scientific Director, J-PAL South Asia and Global Policy Director, J-PAL 9:00am – 9:30am • Welcome: Radu Ban, Program Officer, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ULY 2012 ULY • Introduction to USI and the Matchmaking Conference: Mushfiq Mobarak, Associate Professor of Economics, DRAINS -
Seema Jayachandran
SEEMA JAYACHANDRAN Department of Economics phone: (847) 491-4757 Northwestern University fax: (847) 491-7001 2001 Sheridan Road email: [email protected] Evanston, IL 60208 web: www.seemajayachandran.com Academic Positions 2011- Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Northwestern University 2006-2011 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Stanford University 2010-2011 Visiting Scholar, Department of Economics, Harvard University 2004-2006 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Scholar in Health Policy Research, University of California, Berkeley Education 2004 Ph.D., Harvard University, Economics 1999 M.A., Harvard University, Physics 1995 M.A., University of Oxford, Physics and Philosophy (first class honors) 1993 B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Electrical Engineering (GPA: 5.0/5.0) Research Interests Development economics, applied microeconomics Affiliations 2007- Faculty Research Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) 2011- Fellow, Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) 2011- Affiliate, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) 2011- Fellow, Centre for Economic Policy Research 2009- Research Program Member, International Growth Centre 2010- Research Network Member, Innovations for Poverty Action 2011- Faculty Associate, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University 2004-2011 Affiliate, Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development 2006-2011 Research Affiliate, Centre for Economic Policy Research 2006-2011 Faculty Affiliate, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR); Stanford Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law; Stanford Center for Health Policy; and Stanford Center for International Development 2004-2006 Research Associate, California Center for Population Research Seema Jayachandran 2 Published Papers “Why Do Mothers Breastfeed Girls Less Than Boys? Evidence and Implications for Child Health in India” (with I. -
Esther Duflo
ESTHER DUFLO September 2009 Department: Economics Massachusetts Institute of Technology 50 Memorial Drive, E52-252G Cambridge, MA 02142 Tel: (617) 258-7013 Fax: (617) 253-1330 Email: [email protected] Date of Birth: October 25, 1972 Citizenship: French Education: 1999 Ph.D. in Economics, MIT Thesis Title: Three Essays in Empirical Development Economics 1995 Masters in Economics (DEA), DELTA (Paris) (joint Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSAE) 1994 Ecole Normale Supérieure (Paris) Maitrise in History Maitrise in Economics Honors and Awards: 2009 Fellow, Macarthur Foundation 2009 First recipient, Calvó Armengol International Prize, Barcelona Graduate School of Economics 2009 Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2009 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award for Development Cooperation 2008 Prix Luc Durand-Reville, by the Accademie des Sciences Morale et Politiques, France 2008 Inaugural holder of the chair “Knowledge Against Poverty”, College de France, Paris 2007 - 2009 Best Advisor, Graduate Economics Association, MIT 2006 - 2009 National Institute of Health Research Grant (R01-HD39922-04A2) 2005 Bronze Medal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2005 Best Young French Economist Prize (Le Monde, Cercle des économistes) 2003 Nominated for the Best Young French Economist Prize (Le Monde, Cercle des économistes) 2003 Elaine Bennett Prize for Research 2002 Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship 2001 – 2009 National Institute on Child Health and Development Research Grant (R01 HD0399) 2001 - 2004 National Institute of Health Research Grant (R01-HD39922-01) 2001 - 2002 John M. Olin Faculty Fellowship, National Association of Scholars 2001 - 2006 Member, John D. and Catherine MacArthur Network on the Costs of Inequality 2000 - 2001 National Science Foundation research grant (SES-0078535) 1999 Review of Economic Studies Tour 1998 Alfred P. -
Erica M. Field ______
ERICA M. FIELD _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Department of Economics Phone (919) 660-1857 Duke University Fax (919) 684-8974 319 Social Sciences Bldg [email protected] Durham, NC 27708-0097 http://sites.duke.edu/ericafield/ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2015 – Professor of Economics and Global Health, Duke University 2011 – 2015 Associate Professor of Economics and Global Health, Duke University 2010 – 2011 John L. Loeb Associate Professor of Social Science (Economics), Harvard University 2005 – 2009 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Harvard University 2009 – 2010 National Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University 2006 – 2007 Visiting Member, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 2006 – 2007 Visiting Faculty, Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton University 2003 – 2004 Post-doctoral Research Fellow, RWJ Scholars in Health Policy Research, Harvard FIELDS OF INTEREST: Development Economics, Economic Demography, Health PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Co-director, DevLab@Duke Faculty Research Fellow (Development), National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Fellow, Bureau for Research in Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) Member, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) EDUCATION 2003 Ph.D, MA Department of Economics, Princeton University 1996 -
Pascaline Dupas
Pascaline Dupas UCLA Department of Economics • 8283 Bunche Hall • Los Angeles, CA 90095 Email: [email protected] • Phone: (310) 8225 7380 Webpage: http://www.econ.ucla.edu/pdupas/ ACADEMIC POSITIONS Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, UCLA July 2008-present Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Dartmouth College July 2006-June 2008 OTHER AFFILIATIONS • Research Affiliate, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Since August 2009 • Affiliate, Center of Evaluation for Global Action (CEGA) Since May 2009 • Faculty Research Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Since May 2008 • Affiliate, Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) Since March 2008 • Affiliate, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (JPAL) Since August 2006 • Associate Researcher, Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) Since July 2006 PRIMARY RESEARCH FIELDS Applied Microeconomics, Development, Health. EDUCATION Ph.D., Economics, EHESS & PSE-DELTA (Paris, France) June 2006 Visiting Scholar, NYU (IFS) 2003-2006 Visiting Student, MIT (Economics Department) 2002-2003 Visiting Fellow, Harvard (Economics Department) Fall 2000, Spring 2002 Ecole Normale Supérieure – Ulm (Paris, France) 1997-2002 Master’s in Economic Analysis and Policy, DELTA (joint with ENSAE and Ecole Polytechnique) June 2000 B.Sc. Economics and Econometrics, Paris I Sorbonne (France) June 1999 PUBLICATIONS IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS 1. Cohen, Jessica, and Pascaline Dupas (2010). “Free Distribution or Cost-Sharing? Evidence from a Randomized Malaria Prevention Experiment” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125:1, pp. 1-45. » Mentioned in The Economist, The Boston Globe, Nature, Scientific American 2. Dupas, Pascaline (2011). “Do Teenagers respond to HIV Risk Information? Evidence from a field experiment in Kenya”. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3:1, pp. -
Course Outline
ECO2701H1S Development Economics I Department of Economics University of Toronto Winter 2021 Contact Information Instructor: Román Andrés Zárate: Phone number: (617) 320-0476 Email: [email protected] Virtual Office Hours: Wednesday 3:00 pm – 4:00 pm Time Zone Information Class time: Thursday 11:00 am – 1:00 pm Course Description and Learning Objectives This is a graduate course in development economics, appropriate for graduate students in the Department of Economics and other students with preparation in microeconomic theory and econometrics. The focus is on the application of economic theory, and especially econometrics, to a variety of questions important for understanding household and government behaviour in developing countries. A further purpose is to demonstrate how the analytic techniques used in applied microeconomics can be used to inform public policy in these countries. The material covered draws on (calculus-based) microeconomic theory and econometrics; it is suitable for both MA and PhD students. The emphasis of the course is on the interpretation and evaluation of empirical evidence relevant for the conduct of public policy in developing countries. We will use both economic theory and empirical evidence during the course. The theoretical arguments will guide us in understanding the mechanisms and forces driving poor household decisions in developing countries. The empirical tools and existing evidence will help us bring those models to real settings and evaluate the success of implemented policies in poverty alleviation. Our objective is to develop a deep understanding of economic development and the lives of the poor that allow students to contribute with their own research to the global debates around the topic.