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1969

MAMMALS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES IN 1969

Clyde Jones

John L. Paradiso

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MAMMALS imported INTO THE UNITED STATES

in 1969

n

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE

Special Scientific Report-Wildlife No. 147

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife

MAMMALS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES IN 1969

By

Clyde Jones and John L. Paradiso

Bird and Mammal Laboratories Division of Wildlife Research Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife

Special Scientific Report—Wildlife No. 147 Washington, D. C.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 40 cents Stock Number 2410-0285 ABSTRACT

The number of each species of mammal reported on Form 3-177 for importation into the United States in 1969 is listed and discussed. The major groups of mammals reported for importation are compared with lists of mammals used in research, lists of rare and endangered species, lists of mammals whose importation is restricted, and lists of mammals imported in 1968.

li .

MAMMALS IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES IN 1969

For some time, thousands of live mammals have been imported each year into the United States, for zoos, for research institutions, for the pet trade, and for private citizens. No listing of these importations was made before 1966, when Federal regulations made accounting mandatory. Since then, annual summaries of the total numbers of live mammals and other wildlife declared at ports of entry have been prepared by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife as Wildlife Leaflets. Also since 1966, the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences) has provided some information on the number of mammals used for research. This information was obtained from questionnaires returned by breeders, dealers, and users of laboratory animals. A list of mammals imported into the United States in 1968 was presented by Jones (1970)

The purpose of this report is to list, by species, the number of mammals declared for importation into the United States in 1969. Scientists and others may be interested in this list because: it will indicate pressures exerted on certain populations of wild mammals and the need for their conservation; it may reveal species that could become pests if established in the wild after escape; it will help mammalogists determine the source of exotic species found in the wild; it will indicate taxa of mammals that must be identified at ports of entry to prevent importation of prohibited mammals; it may suggest improvements in procedures of recording declarations of imported wildlife; and it may indicate the availability of species that are useful in research. Comparison of this list with that issued for 1968 (Jones, 1970) and with lists to be issued in the future, may indicate trends or changes in importance of various species in research.

PROCEDURES

Information was obtained from more than 13,000 declaration forms for importation of wildlife (Form 3-177) filed in the office of the Branch of Permits, Division of Management and Enforcement, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Department of the Interior. .

For expediency, as well as to avoid errors in copying, the data were sorted as follows: A xerographic copy was made of the declaration forms that included information on mammals. The entries for mammals were clipped from the copies and sorted according to the taxa recorded. Scientific name, common name, and total number of animals imported were tabulated for each species of mammal

Nomenclature of mammals used herein was taken mostly from the following references:

North America Hall and Kelson (1959)

South America Cabrera (1957-1961)

Europe, Asia, and India Ellerman and Morrison- Scott (1966)

Africa Allen (1939), Meester (1967)

Australia Trought on (1966)

Rodents Ellerman (1940)

Primates Napier and Napier (1967)

Families and genera Simpson (1945), Walker (1968),

Anderson and Jones (1967)

Orders and families are arranged in phylogenetic sequence accord- ing to Anderson and Jones (1967); names of genera are alphabetized within each family.

This report is not intended in any way as a systematic treatment. No scientific or common names or combinations of names used herein are proposed as new names.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The number of mammals declared for importation into the United States in 1969 declined from that of 1968 by about 5%. Once again primates were the most frequently imported group, accounting for about 89% of all imported mammals. Lagomorphs, carnivores, marsupials and rodents combined accounted for about another 9%, while all other orders represented less than 3% of the total listed. Below is a comparison of the numbers imported in 1968 and 1969.

Mammals Declaration Years Orders Families Genera Species Imported Forms

1968 18 62 190 302 129,520 10,586

1969 19 67 203 338 122,991 13,154

NUMBER OF MAMMALS IMPORTED, LISTED BY ORDERS

Number Order Imported Per Cent

Primates 108,974 88.60

Carnivora 4,610 3.75

Rodentia 2,332 1.90

Marsupialia 2,131 1.70

Lagomorpha 2,006 1.60

Insectivora 758 .60

Edentata 754 .60

Chiroptera 428 .40

Artiodactyla 239 .20

Perissodactyla 169 .14

Pholidota 24 .02

Proboscidea 20 .02

Number Page Group Reported

10 Insectivora

10 Erinaceidae 251

11 Solenodontidae 4

11 Soricidae 5

11 Tupaiidae 498

11 Dermoptera

11 Cyrocephalidae 4

11 Chiroptera

11 Noctilionidae 43

11 Rhinolophidae 4

11 Phyllostomidae 337

12 Vespertilionidae 5

12 Molossidae 39

12 Primates

12 Lemur idae 79

12 Indriidae 7

12 Lorisidae 269

13 Cebidae 66,338

14 Callithricidae 6,537

14 Cercopithecidae 35,313

16 Hylobatidae 137

16 Pongidae 294 Number Page Group Imported

16 Edentata

16 Myrmecophagidae 525

17 Bradypodidae 193

l^ Dasypodidae 36

I 7 Pholidota

17 Manidae 24

17 Lagomorpha

17 Leporidae 2,006

17 Rodentia

17 Sciuridae 479

18 Heteromyidae 2

I 8 Pedetidae 6

18 Cricetidae 164

19 Muridae 387

19 Hystricidae 24

19 Erethizontidae 91

19 Caviidae 751

19 Hydrochaeridae 169

19 Dinomyidae 5

20 Dasyproctidae 218

20 Chinchillidae 19

2" Capromyidae 17 Number Page Group Imported

20

3

1

9

1

25

102

2,638

515

36

2

1,292

18 Number Page Group Imported

24 Perissodactyla

24 Equidae 64

24 Tapiridae 102

24 Rhinocerotidae 3

25 Artiodactyla

25 Hippopotamidae 2

25 Camelidae 33

25 Cervidae 14

25 Giraffidae 14

25 Antilocapridae 3

25 Bovidae 173

26 Unknown 477 SYSTEMATIC LIST

Nineteen orders of mammals were imported; these included representa- tives of 67 families and at least 338 species. A total of 477 (0.4%) of the mammals declared could not be identified either by the common name or the scientific name given on the form.

Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

MONOTREMATA TACHYGLOSSIDAE

Spiny Anteater Tachyglossus aouleatus

MARSUPIALIA DIDELPHIDAE

Woolly Opossum Caluromys sp. 8

Woolly Opossum Caluromys derbianus 1

Woolly Opossum Caluromys lanatus 163

Woolly Opossum Caluromys philander 2

Murine Opossum Marmosa sp. 787

Murine Opossum Marmosa robinsoni 161

Brown Four-eyed Opossum Metaohirus nudiaaudatus 43

Gray Four -eyed Opossum Philander opossum 8

DASYURIDAE

Broad-footed Marsupial Antechinomys spenoeri "Mouse"

Crested-tailed Marsupial Dasyuroides byrnei "Rat"

PHALANGERIDAE

Pigmy Gliding Opossum Aorobates pygmaeus 817

Cuscus Phalanger sp. 12 Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

Cuscus Phalanger maoulatus 17

Brush-tailed Opossum Triehosurus sp. 12

PHASCOLOMIDAE

Coarse-haired Wombat Phascolomis ursirtus

MACROPOD IDAE

Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus goodfellowi 2

Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus matsohiei 1

Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus ursinus 3

New Guinean Forest Mountain Dorcopsulus macleayi 2 Wallaby

Hare Wallaby Lagorahestes sp. 15

Kangaroo Macropus sp. 8

Great Gray Kangaroo Maoropus major 3

Wallaroo Maoropus robustus 2

Rock Wallaby Petrogale sp. 2

Rock Wallaby Petrogale penioillata 5

Brush Wallaby Wallabia sp. 24

Brush Wallaby Wallabia dorsalis 2

Brush Wallaby Wallabia eugenii 17

Red-necked Wallaby Wallabia rufogrisea 1

INSFCTTVORA ERINACEIDAE

Hedgehog Erinaceus sp. 14

Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus 128

10 Common Name Scientific Name

Long -eared Desert Hedgehog

Long-eared Desert Hedgehog

Desert Hedgehog

Solenodon

Musk Shrew

Tree Shrew

Gliding Lemur

Gliding Lemur

Fisherman Bat

Horseshoe Bat

Big Fruit-eating Bat

Tri-colored Short-tailed Fruit Bat

Sanborn's Long-nosed Bat

Lesser Spear-nosed Bat

Greater Spear-nosed Bat Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira liliwn 12

Round -eared Bat Tonatia b idens 1

White-lined Bat Vampyrops lineatus 4

Vampire Bat Desmodus rotundus 100

VESPERTILIONIDAE

Cave Myotis Myotis velifer

MOLOSS IDAE

Free-tailed Bat Tadarida brasiliensis 20

Velvety Free-tailed Bat Molossus nigricans 19

PRIMATES LEMUR IDAE

Dwarf Lemur Cheirogaleus medius 3

Lemur Lemur sp. 2

Ring-tailed Lemur Lemur oatta 60

Black Lemur Lemur macaco 4

Mongoose Lemur Lemur mongoz 2

Weasel Lemur Lepilemur mustelinus 1

Mouse Lemur Microcebus sp. 2

Mouse Lemur Microceb us murinus 5

INDRIIDAE

Verreaux's Sifaka Propithecus verreauxi

LOR IS IDAE

Galago Galago sp. 71

Demidoff's Galago Galago demidovii 2

12 Common Name Scientific Name

Senegal Galago

Slender Loris

Slow Loris

Potto

Howler Monkey

Red Howler Monkey

Mantled Howler Monkey

Douroucouli

Spider Monkey

Long-haired Spider Monkey

Brown-headed Spider Monkey

Black-handed Spider Monkey

Black Spider Monkey

Woolly Spider Monkey

Red Uakari

Titi Monkey

Dusky Titi Monkey

Capuchin

White-fronted Capuchin

Black-capped Capuchin

White- throated Capuchin

Weeper Capuchin Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

Red-backed Saki Chiropotes satanas 6

Woolly Monkey Lagothrix lagothricha 3,311

Monk Saki Pitheeia monaahue 24

Pale-headed Saki Pithecia pitheeia 2

Squirrel Monkey Saimiri soiureus 47,096

CALLITHRICIDAE

Goeldi's Marmoset Callimiao goeldii 43

Marmoset Callithrix sp. 1

Black-tailed Marmoset Callithrix argentata 40

White-eared Marmoset Callithrix aurita 46

Common Marmoset Callithrix jacahus 52

Pigmy Marmoset Cebuella pygmaea 639

Lion-headed Marmoset Leontideus rosalia 149

Geoffroy's Tamarin Saguinus geoffroyi 6

Rio Napo Tamarin Saguinus graellsi 6

Red-mantled Tamarin Saguinus illigeri 197

Red-bellied Tamarin Saguinus lab iatus 9

Yellow-handed Tamarin Saguinus midas 1

White-lipped Tamarin Saguinus nigriaollis 1,564

Cotton-top Marmoset Saguinus oedipus 3,752

Negro Marmoset Saguinus tamarin 32

CF.RCOPITHECIDAE

Mangabey Cercocebus sp. 3

Sooty Mangabey Cercooebus torquatus 9

14 Common Name Common Name A . .

Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

Tamandua Tamandua tetradactyla 452

BRADYPODIDAE

Three-toed Sloth Bradypus sp 88

Three-toed Sloth Bradypus tvidactylus 5

Two-toed Sloth Choloepus didactylus 71

Two-toed Sloth Choloepus hoffmanni 29

DASYPODIDAE

Hairy Armadillo Chaetophvactus villosus 13

Nine-banded Armadillo Dasypus sp. 2

Nine-banded Armadillo Dasypus novemcinetus 11

Six-banded Armadillo Euphvactus sexoinctus 9

Three-banded Armadillo Tolypeutes tvioinatus 1

PHOLIDOTA MAN I DAE

Pangolin Manis sp 12

Malayan Pangolin Manis javanica 11

Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadaotyla 1

LAGOMORPHA LEPORIDAE

Hare Lepus sp. 43

Snowshoe Hare Lepus anevicmnus 1,155

Old World Rabbitt Oryatolagus cuniculus 808

RODENT I SCTURIDAE

Golden-backed Squirrel Callosciurus caniceps 3

Sumatran Giant Squirrel Callosciurus prevosti 8

17 Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

New World Flying Squirrel Glaucomys volans 2

Bornean Squirrel Glyphotes simus 19

Neotropical Dwarf Squirrel Miorosciurus sp. 1

Oriental Pigmy Squirrel Narmosoiurus melanotis 3

Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista sp. 1

Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista grandis 3

Dwarf Flying Squirrel Petinomys sp. 1

Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indioa 13

Tree Squirrel Soiurus sp. 170

Gray Squirrel Soiuvus oarolinensis 15

Tropical Red Squirrel Soiurus granatensis 202

Variegated Squirrel Soiurus variegatoides 15

Common Old World Squirrel Soiurus vulgaris 21

Asiatic Striped Squirrel Tamiops sp. 2

HETEROMYIDAE

Pocket Mouse Perognathus sp.

PEDETIDAE

African Jumping Hare Pedetes oapensis

CRICETIDAE

Fish-eating Rat ^Lchthyomys stolzmanni 5

White-throated Wood Rat Neotoma albigula 6

Cactus Mouse Peromysous eremious 3

Diurnal Sand Rat Psammomys ohesus 150

18 Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

MURIDAE

Spiny Mouse Aaomys cahirinu8 25

House Mouse Mus musaulus 235

Pacific Rat Hattus exulans 78

Black Rat Rattu8 rattus 49

HYSTRICIDAE

Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus afriaanus 1

Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macraurus 7

Old World Porcupine Hystrix sp. 5

Malayan Porcupine Hystrix braohyurum 3

Crested Porcupine Hystrix cristata 7

African Porcupine Hystrix galeata 1

ERETHIZONTIDAE

Prehensile-tailed Porcupine Coendou sp. 35

Prehensile-tailed Porcupine Coendou prehenailis 56

CAVIIDAE

Guinea Pig Cavia sp. 110

Guinea Pig Cavia poraellus 633

Mara Doliahotu8 patagona 8

HYDROCHAERIDAE

Capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris 169

DINOMYIDAE

Pacarana Dinomy8 bvanickii

19 Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

DASYPROCTIDAE

Paca Agouti paca 56

Agouti Dasyprocta sp. 30

Agouti Dasypvocta aguti 39

Agouti Dasyprocta fuliginosa 87

Acushi Myoprocta sp. 6

CHINCHILLIDAE

Mountain Viscacha Lagidium viscacia 19

CAPROMYIDAE

Nutria Myocastor coypu 2

Hispaniolan Hutia Plagiodontia aediwn 15

CETACEA BALAENOPTERIDAE

Rorqual Balaenoptera sp.

MONODONTIDAE

Narwhal Monodon monoceros

DELPHINIDAE

Killer Whale Orcinus orca 2

Bottle-nosed Dolphin Tupsiops gillii 7

PHOCOENIDAE

Common Porpoise Phocoena phocoena

CARNIVORA CANIDAE

Wild Dog Canis sp. 2

Gray Wolf Canis lupus 9

20 Common Name Common Name Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

FELIDAE

Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus 46

Leopard Cat Felts b engalensis 338

Jungle Cat Felis chaus 35

Pampas Cat Felis colocolo 24

Puma Felis concolov 21

Geoffroy's Cat Felis geoffroyi 9

Marbled Cat Felis mavmovata 2

Jaguar Felis onca 26

Ocelot Felis vardalis 552

European Wild Cat Felis catus 1

Fishing Cat Felis vivewina 17

Margay Cat Felis xoiedii 49

Jaguarundi Felis yagouaroundi 133

Caracal Lynx caracal 4

European Lynx Lynx lynx 2

Bobcat Lynx vufus 10

Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa 2

Leopard Leo pavdus 9

Tiger Leo tigvis 8

Snow Leopard Uncia uncia 4

PTNNIPF.DIA PHOCIDAE

Elephant Seal Mirounga angustivostris

23 Common Name Scientific Name Number Reported

Harp Seal Phooa groenlandious 8

Siberian Seal Phoea sibirica 4

Harbor Seal Phooa vitulina 2

TUBULIDENTATA ORYCTEROPODIDAE

Aardvark Ovyctevopus afer

PROBOSCIDEA ELEPHANTIDAE

Indian Elephant Elephas maximus 20

HYRACOIDEA PROCAVTIDAE

Tree Hyrax Dendrohyrax sp. 10

Tree Hyrax Dendrohyrax dorsatis 5

Rock Hyrax Eeterohyrax syriaous 1

Rock Hyrax Prooavia oapensis 2

SIRENIA TRICHECHIDAE

Manatee Trioheohus manatus

PERISSODACTYLA EOUIDAE

Zebra Equus sp. 7

Burchell's Zebra Equus burahellii 57

TAPIRIDAE

Baird's Tapir Tapirus bairdii 6

Brazilian Tapir Tapirus terrestris 96

RHINOCEROTIDAE

White Rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum

24 Common Name Common Name PRIMATES USED FOR RESEARCH IN 1969

Some data on the numbers of mammals used for research in 1969 have been assembled by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (ILAR News, 1970). These data permit a general comparison of the numbers of certain mammals sold and bred during 1969 with those declared for importation in the same year. More species and individuals of New World primates were declared for importation in 1969 than were sold or bred in the United States; more species, but fewer individuals, of Old World primates were declared for importation than were used for research in that year. Altogether, 44,959 more primates were imported than were reported as used for research. Some of these discrepancies between the numbers of primates reported as used for research and those declared for importation may have resulted from methods of gathering the data. Of 3,240 questionnaires sent to breeders, dealers, and users of laboratory animals in 1969, 2,258 (69.7%) were returned to the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources; many primates may have been either unre- ported or included in nondesignated categories. Some rather distinctive genera, such as Caoajao, Callimico, Leontideus, Propithecus, and PygathriXy were not included in the list of primates used for research, but were declared for importation in 1969. They probably were destined for zoos and pet dealers.

In the following list of primates used for research in the United States in 1969, numbers of animals sold and bred in 1969 were taken from ILAR News, (1970) and numbers imported are from Bureau data.

Used for Research

Sold Bred Total Imported

NEW WORLD PRIMATES

CEBIDAE

Alouatta - 141

Aotus 3,970 2 3,972 5,312

Ateles 612 7 619 2,659

Brachyteles - 38

Cacajao - 69

27 Used for Research

Sold Bred Total Imported

Catlicebus 159

Cebus 990 68 1,058 7,518

Chiropotes 6

Lagothvix 3,311

Pitheaia 24

Saimiri 8,254 175 8,429 47,096

CALLITHRICIDAE

Callimioo 43

Callithvix 139

Cebuella 639

Leontideus 149

Saguinus 5,567

Marmosets 2,204 211 2,415

Not Designated 265 - 265

Total 16,295 463 16,758 72,870

28 Sold Bred Total Imported

OLD WORLD PRIMATES

LEMUR IDAE

Ch.eirogaleu.8 3

Lemur 68

Lepilemur 1

Mioroaebus 7

INDRIIDAE

Propithecus

LOR IS IDAE

Galago 42 22 64 182

Loris 142 - 142 12

Nycticebus 72

Perodicticus 3

CERCOPITHECIDAE

Ceroooebu8 13 36 49 12

Ceroopithecu8 4,252 63 4,315 3,027

Colobue 25 - 25 23

Erythroaebu8 87 8 95 132

Macaco. 36,913 3,777 40,690 31,091

Na8alie 4

Papio 933 313 1,246 453

Presbytis 96 7 103 16

29 Sold Bred Total Imported

Pygathrix Scientific Name Common Name

Solenodon paradoxus

Cheirogaleus medius

Propithecus verreauxi

Brachyteles arachnoides

Cacajao rubicundus

Callimico goeldii

Leontideus rosalia

Pygathrix nemaeus

Myrmecophaga tridactyla

Tolypeutes tricinctus

Chrysocyon brachyurus

Tremarctos ornatus

Ursus maritimus

Pteronura brasiliensis

Hyaena brunnea

Unaia unoia

Tapiru8 bairdi

Diaeros bicornis

Rhinoceros unicornis

Addax nasomaculatus

Cephalophus jentinki

Elaphurus davidianus

Oryx tao IMPORTATION OF RESTRICTED MAMMALS

Federal regulations (Title 50, Part 13, Section 13.5) of 1967 restrict the importation of five groups of mammals. Representatives of two of these prohibited groups were declared for importation into the United States in 1969:

Scientific Name Common Name

Oryctolagus cuniaulus

Suricata surioatta REFERENCES

Allen, G. 1939. A checklist of African mammals. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, Cambridge. 736 p.

Anderson S. and J. Jones, Jr. 1967. Recent mammals of the world. Ronald Press Company, New York. 453 p.

Cabrera, A. 1957-1961. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires. 732 p.

Ellerman, J. 1940. The families and genera of living rodents. British Museum (Natural History), London. 2 vols. 1379 p.

Ellerman, J. and T. Morrison-Scott. 1966. Checklist of Palearctic and Indian mammals, 1758 to 1946. British Museum (Natural History), London. 2d ed. 810 p.

Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources. 1970. Summary of questionnaire to determine the number of animals used for research in 1969. ILAR News 14:ii-iii, vi.

Hall, E. and K. Kelson. 1959. The mammals of North America. Ronald Press Company, New York. 2 vols. 1083 p.

Jones, C. 1970. Mammals imported into the United States in 1968. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Special Scientific Report--Wildlife No. 137. 30 p.

Meester, J. 1967. Preliminary identification manual for African mammals. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum. Washington.

Napier, J. and P. Napier. 1967. A handbook of living primates. Academic Press, New York. 456 p.

Red Data Book. 1969. Mammalia. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Morges, Switzerland. Vol. 1.

Simpson, G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classifi- cation of mammals. Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist. 85:1-350.

Troughton, E. 1966. Furred animals of Australia. Livingston Publishing Company, Narbeth, Pennsylvania. 8th ed. 376 p.

Walker E. 1968. Mammals of the world. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. 2d ed. 2 vols. 1500 p.

33

- U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1972 O 451-916

As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has basic responsibilities for water, fish, wildlife, mineral, land, park, and recreational resources. Indian and Ter- ritorial affairs are other major concerns of this department of natural resources. The Department works to assure the wisest choice in managing

all our resources so that each shall make its full contribution to a better United States now and in the future.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR POSTAGE AND FEES PAID FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE WASHINGTON. D. C. 2024O